ae¶cbpsS bmt°m_v _p¿tZmt\m hnizm-k-kw-c - Viswasa Samrakshakan

hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥
www.viswasasamrakshakan.org
bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-cWw
Vol. 1 Issue 21 January 15-31 2007
Ncn-{X-ap-lq¿Øw ...
30 h¿j-sØ ImØn-cp-∏n\v tijw Bbn-c-߃ km£n-bmbn
cmP-Iob Fgp-s∂≈Øv
bp.-Un.-F^v \v km[n-°m-ØXv F¬.-Un.-F^v t\Sn
'at\m-ca" hm¿Ø-Iƒ Xa-kvI-cn®p
ae--c-bpsS bmt°m_v _¿tZmt\m t{ijvT
ImtXm-en° _mh Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬
ap≥Km-an-I-fpsS I_-dn-¬ [q]m¿∏Ww \S-Øn.
Sponsored by: Mor adai Study Center http://moradaistudycenter.cjb.net

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse Ncn-{X-ap-lq¿Øw
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
t{ijvT ]nXm-hns‚ C—m-i‡n
hnP-b-߃°v ImcWw
H‰-bmƒ ]´m-f-sØ-t∏mse, Ign 30 h¿jw t{ijvT _mh \¬Inb t\Xr-Xz-
Øn\v {]Xn-^ew e`n®p XpSßnbncn-°p-∂p. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS C—m-i-‡n-°p-ap-
ºn¬ F√m tIm´-Ifpw Xms\ XI-cp-sa∂v hy‡w. AXn-\p≈ ssZh-Ir]
A\¿Kfambn Cu hµy ]nXmhn-t∑¬ sNmcn-n-cn-°p-∂p. F{X-sb{X ka-c-߃
\S-Øn. \ncm-lm-c-߃, Ad-Ãv, Pbn¬hmkw, tIkp-Iƒ CsXm∂pw B a\- nse
Xf¿Øn-bn-√. ]ecpw Dt]-£n-®p-t]m-bn. ]ecpw ]n≥hm-ßn. F∂m¬ bYm¿∞
t\Xmhv ]ntºm´v t]mbn-√. F√m {]XnIqe-X-I-sfbpw t\cn´v ap≥t]m´v \oßn. Cu
kXy-k-‘-Xbpw C—m-i-‡n-bp-amWv Cu t{ijvT ]nXm-hns\ P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬
t{ijvT-\m-°p-∂-Xv. hnfn-®m¬ Bbn-c-߃ HmSn-sb-Øp-∂Xv Xß-fpsS ]nXm-hns‚ {]Xn-
⁄-_-‘-X-tbm¿Øm-Wv. Xßsf ssIhn-Sp-I-bn√ F∂ hnizm-k-am-Wv.
C\nbpw _mh hnfn-®m¬ Bbn-c-߃ FØpw. ImcWw R߃ At±-lsØ
kvt\ln-°p-∂p. hgn-bnse _mh AIsØ _mh BIp∂ Imew hnZq-c-a-√. t{ijvT
]nXm-hn\v ssZhw Btcm-Kyhpw Bbp pw \¬I-s´-sb∂v \ap°v {]m¿∞n-°mw.
]pWy-ap-lq¿Øw
30 h¿jsØ ImØn-cn-∏n\v tijw Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bpsS DS-a-ÿ≥ Xs‚
ap≥Km-an-I-fpsS I_-dp-¬ [q]m¿∏Ww \S-Øn. Aeph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn ]≈nbn¬
I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cmb IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\mtkymkv,
Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncp-ta\n ]cn. ]utemkv tam¿ AØ\m-tkymkv,
hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv F∂o ]nXm-°-∑mcpsS kwbp‡
Hm¿ΩZn\-amb P\p-hcn 25 \v cm{Xn 8.10 \v BWv A-amen `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞
Ah-Imin skan-\m-cn-bn¬ {]th-in-®-Xv. bmt°m-_mb k`-bnse CS-b-∑m-cmb
F{_lmw tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv, tPmk^v tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv, amXyqkv tam¿ Cuhm-
\n-tbmkv, amXyqkv tam¿ sXthm-tZmkn-tbm-kv, amXyqkv tam¿ At{]w, Ipdn-bm-t°mkv
tam¿ butk-_n-tbm-kv, a¿t°mkv tam¿ {Intkm-Ã-tamkv, sshZo-I¿, siΩm-i-∑m¿,
bmt°m-_mb k`m {SÃn tPm¿Pv amXyp sXt°-Ø-e-bv°¬, k`m sk{I-´dn Xºp
tPm¿Pv XpI-e≥, Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿ _mhmbv°v AI-ºSn tkhn-
®p. Fd-W-mIpfw Pn√m If-IvS¿ l\ojv apl-ΩZv, B¿.-Un.-H. an\n B‚-Wn, DYSP
hlm_v F∂n-h¿ _mhmsb A\p-Zm-h\w sNbvXp. \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-KØv \n∂v
FØnb hnizm-kn-Iƒ B\-µm-{ip-°ƒ s]mgn-®p-sIm≠v Cu Ncn-{X-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn\v
km£n-I-fm-bn.
"at\m-ca' hm¿Ø-Iƒ Xa-kvI-cn®p
at\m-c-a-bpsS ]gb ^yqU¬ a\-ÿnXn amdn-bn-´n-√. 30 h¿j-Øn\v tijw t{ijvT
_mh Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ {]th-in® hm¿Ø H‰ hcn-bn¬t]mepw sImSp-
°m≥ at\m-ca on line \v km[n-®n-√. temIw Cu hm¿Ø Xß-fn¬IqSn Adn-b-cpXv
F∂v Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. F√m hm¿Øm Nm\-ep-Ifpw hm¿Ø \∂mbn Ih¿ sNbvXt∏mƒ
at\m-ca hnj≥ au\w Zo£n-®p. hm¿Ø-I-fpsS by line ¬ t{ijvT _mh skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ Ibdn F∂Xv hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. at\m-ca ]{Xw G‰hpw
A{]-[m-\-amb ÿe-ØmWv Cu hm¿Ø \¬In-b-Xv. _p≤n-am-∑m-cmb at\m-c-a-°m¿
hnNm-cn®p X߃ Xa-kvI-cn-®m¬ hm¿Ø temIw Adn-bn-s√-∂v. \n߃°v sX‰p-]-‰n.
at\m-c-a-tb-°mƒ \∂mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ on line \pIƒ D≠v. Zo]n-Ibpw tZim-`n-am-
\nbpw amXr-`q-anbpw awK-f-hp-sa√mw P\-߃ hmbn-°p∂ ]{X-ßfpw on line \pIfpw
Xs∂. sI.-kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f ]b‰n ]cm-P-b-s∏-´Xv ho≠pw Bh¿Øn-°-Wtam?
]fl-`q-j≥ {io. sI.-Fw. amXyp {i≤n-®m¬ \∂v.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bthiw Ah¿Æ-\obw
Xß-fpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS I_-dn-S-Øn¬ {]nb-s∏´ _mhm-tbm-sSm∏w Ib-dm≥
km[n-®Xv hnizm-kn-Iƒ kpIr-X-ambn Icp-Xp∂p. I_-dn-¬ apØn hmhn´v Ic-bp∂
AΩ-amsc ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-`q-an-bn¬ Imep-Ip-Øn-b-Xns‚ kt¥mj-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p
Ah¿. CXv Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse ]pWy-s∏´ Znh-k-ambn Ah¿
Icp-Xp-∂p. Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xß-fpsS {]nb-s∏´ _mh
hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv ImWp-hm≥ Ah¿ ImØn-cn-°p-∂p.
bp.-Un.-F-^n\v km[n-°m-ØXv F¬.-Un.^v t\Sn
Imcy-߃ icn-bmbn hne-bn-cp-Øn-bmWv F¬.-Un.^v Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn {]iv\-
Øn¬ CS-s]-´-Xv. bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ bmt°m-_m-b-°m-cm-sW∂v Ah¿ a\-knem-°n.
ssIh-i-°m¿°v H∂pw \jvS-s∏-Sm-\n-s√∂pw Ah-cnse km[m-c-W-°m¿°v XßfpsS
k`mt\XrXzw Im´p-∂Xv sX‰msW∂pap≈ Nn¥-bp-≈-Xmbn F¬.-Un.^v hnebn-cp-Øn.
Ign sXc-s-Sp-∏n¬ Xr°p∂Øv skan-\mcn {]iv\w Db¿Ønb
{]Xn[z\n-I-fpsS hym]vXn F¬.-Un.^v t\XrXzsØ Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-
®p.- I-gn bp.-Un.^v k¿°m-cns‚ ImesØ Incm-X-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ P\-ßsf XßtfmSv
ASp-∏n®p F∂v Ign Xnc-s-Sp-∏n¬ F¬.-Un.^n\v t_m[y-s∏-´p. Cu \oXn-
]q¿∆-amb \S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS B _‘w IqSp-X¬ Dd-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-sa∂v Ah¿
IW-°m-°n.
bp. -Un.^v t\XrXz-Øn\v I\Ø \jvS-ß-fmWv skan-\mcn {]iv\w kΩm-\n-®-Xv.
_lp. sshZo-I-cp-sSbpw hnizmkn-I-fp-sSbpw t\¿°v \S∂ B{I-aWw tIm´bw, Fd-
W-m-Ipfw, Xriq¿ Pn√Isf Cf-°n-a-dn-®p. ]e k`m t\Xm-°-fpsS A{]-Xo£ ]cm-Pb-Øn\v
CXv Imc-W-am-bn. i‡-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-°p-hm≥ bp.-Un.^v t\XrXz-
Øn\v km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. P\-ß-fpsS lnX-a-dnv {]h¿Øn-°p∂ cmjv{Sob
t\XrXzØns‚ A]-cm-]vXyX bp.-Un.^v H‰-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-am-Ipw. {]iv\-ßsf
Bflm¿∞-ambn kao-]n-®mse a\p-jy-a-\- n¬ ÿm\w e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
Bep-hm-°m-cpsS XyK-߃s°√mw Bizmkw
\o≠ \mfsØ ImØn-cn-∏n\v tijw Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ XS- -ß-fn-√msX
Ib-dp-hm≥ km[n-®Xns‚ Bizm-k-Øn-emWv CS-h-Imw-K-߬. Xß-fpsS {]nb-s∏-´-hcpsS
arX-i-co-c-߬ \Sp-tdm-Un¬h®v hne-]-d--h-tcmSv CXv Rß-fpsS ]≈-nbmWv
F∂ Ah-Im-i-tØmsS ]d-bm≥ ]‰nb Znh-kw. F{X \mfmbn R߃ kacw sNbvXp.
F∂m¬ Hcp-Zn-hkw X߃ hnP-bn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p.
tP°_v sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ A®\v CXv kt¥m-j-Øns‚ Zn\w. Ign--{]m-hiyw
X\n°v \ntj-[n-°-s∏´ \oXn XncnsI e`n-®p-sh∂ kt¥m-jw. Cu {]mhiyw ]q¿Æ
Awi-h-kv{X-߃ [cn®v tP°_v sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ A®-\mWv dmkmbv°v t\XrXzw
\¬In-b-Xv. Beph ]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-amb h¿Kokv ]pXnb aT-Øn-e®≥ BÀm-Z-Ønem-Wv.
Xs‚ CS-hI ]≈n-bn¬ sshZoI ÿm\thj-tØmsS Xs∂ Ib-dn-sN-√m≥
km[n-®-Xns‚ BÀm-Zw.
]≈n-tbmSv G‰hpw ASpØv Xma-kn-°p∂ hey-]-d-ºn¬ F{_mlmw A®\pw
BÀmZ Xnan¿∏n-em-Wv. hey Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dn-¬ apØw \¬Im≥ In´nb \nanjw.
Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ km[n-°mØ aplq¿Ø-am-Wv. hntZ-i-Øp≈
^m. tPmbn tPmk-^n\v tZhm-eb {]th-i\w ]pXnb A\p-`-h-am-bn. siΩm-i-∑m-cmb
t\m_n ]d-ºn-en\pw sdan hey-]-d-ºn-en\pw Xß-fpsS B{Klw km[n-®-Xn-ep≈ kt¥mj-Øn-em-Wv.
{SÃn Fw. hn. tPm¨, dPn h¿°n, hµy htbm-[n-I-\mb sjh. Xcy≥
sI. ss]\m-SØv, X-®≥ Bep-h, Fw.-]n. tPmbn, Fw.-Fw. ]utem-kv, Fw.-]n. Genbm-kv,
Gen-bmkv Aºm-´v, F.-kn. tPm¨, C.-Fw. h¿Kokv Fw.-Fw. tP°_v XpSßnb
F√m-hcpw skan-\mcn ]≈n Xß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn≥Io-gn¬ hcp-sa∂v
Bflm¿∞-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
i¿Ωbv°pw sImSn-tb-cn°pw A`n-\-µ-\-߃
bmt°m-_mb k`bv°pw, t{ijvT _mhm Xncp-ta-\n°pw skan-\mcnbn¬ {]thin-°p-hm≥
F√m ]n¥p-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw \¬Inb B`y-¥c a{¥n {io. sImSntbcn
_me-Ir-jvW\pw Xs‚ HutZym-KnI ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ F√mw am‰n-h®v Beph ]mekn¬
h∂v {Iao-I-c-W-߃ Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°n-Øo¿Ø _lp.-a{¥n -Fkv.i¿Ωbv°pw k`bpsS
{]nb ]p{X≥ a{¥n Sn.-bp. Ipcp-hn-fbv°pw {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v Atlm-cm{Xw
{ian® Fw.-F¬.-F. am¿ Fw.-Fw. tam\mbn, kmPp-t]mƒ, _m_p-t]mƒ, tKm]n tIm´ap-dn-°¬
XpS-ßn-b-hcpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw {]iw-kbv°v ]m{Xn-`q-X-cm-bn.
Btcmcpw Adn-bmsX Xºp-t®-´≥
t{ijvT _mhmbv°v ]n≥_-e-ambn \n∂v Btcmcpw Adn-bmsX, s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬
{]Xy-£-s∏-Sm≥ {ian-°msX kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw Bflm¿∞-X-tbmSpw k`sb kvt\ln-
°p∂ {]nb-s∏´ k`m sk{I-´-dnbpsS t\XrXzw _mhbv°v ssIXm-ßepw _e-hp-am-
Wv. Xs∂ G¬]n® tPmen IrXy-ambn \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ Cu t\Xm-hns\ \ap°v hnizkn-°mw.
F√m {]iv\-ß-sfbpw icn-bmbn hnth-Nn®v Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-°p∂ Xºp
tPm¿Pv XpI-e≥ Beph {]iv\w e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ sNøp∂ {]h¿Øn-
Iƒ F∂pw \µn-tbmsS am{Xsa kvacn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. Beph {]iv\w
hnP-b-{]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v sNbvX A≤zm\w F{X hnh-cn-®mepw Xocn-√.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
3
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
ImtXm-en°m]£w 1934 `c-W-L-S\
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
hn. thZ-]p-kvX-ItØ°mƒ ImtXmen°m
]£w {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p∂ 1934
`c-W-L-S\, tZh-temIw ImtXm-en-t°‰v
{] nse Poh-\-°m-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS
XncpØn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
ImtXm-en-°m-]£w Ah-cpsS `c-W-L-
S-\-bpsS 98˛mw hIp-∏v A\-[n-Ir-XambnbmWv
Xncp-Øn-b-Xv. ImtXm-en-°m-
]£ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 126 & 127 hIp-∏p-Iƒ
{]Imcw `c-W-L-S-\-bnse GsX-nepw
hIp-∏p-Iƒ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn t`Z-s∏-Sp-Ø-
W-sa-n¬ dqƒ IΩn-‰n, t`Z-s∏-SptØ≠
hIp-∏p-Iƒ, amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬
ka¿∏n®v A\p-aXn hmßnb tijw
Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-Ønepw kp∂-ltZm-knepw
]m m-°n-thWw \S-∏n¬ hcp-
Øp-hm≥. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ F√m am\-Zfi-ß-sfbpw
Im‰n¬ ]c-Øn-sIm-≠mWv
98˛mw hIp∏v Xncp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Un. ae-
c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ hIp∏v \º¿ 98
"ImtXm-en-°, ae-c sa{X-t∏m-eoØm
ÿm\w IqSn hln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Ip∂p'
F∂ `mKw t\cmb am¿K-Øn-eq-sS-b-√msX
ImtXm-en° ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm
ÿm\w IqSn hln-°p-∂-Xm-Ip∂p F∂v
Xncp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°‰v Hm^o-knse
kotemSv IqSn HutZym-Kn-I-ambn Ct∏mƒ
hnX-cWw \S-Øp∂ `c-W-L-S\ C{]-Imcw
Xncp-ج hcp-Ønb "hymP `c-W-L-S-\bmWv'.
XnI®pw bmYy-›n-I-amb Hcp
"A®Sn ]niIv' F∂v \n¿∆-Nn-°m≥ km[ya-√mØ
hn[w ImtXm-en°m ]£w Icp-Xn-
Iq-´n \S-Ønb Hcp Xncn-a-dn-bmWnXv F∂v
kmam\y t_m[-ap≈ B¿°pw a\- n-em-
Ipw. GXv Ip‰-hm-fn-bpw, Ip‰-IrXyw \S-
Ønb ÿeØv Hdp sXfnhv tijn-
∏n®ncn°pw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ChnsSbpw
ImtXm-en°m hn`mKw Hcp sXfnhv
Ah-ti-jn-∏n-®mWv Xncn-adn \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. 98˛mw hIp-∏ns‚ Ah-km-\-`m-KØv ]dbp-∂Xv
ImtXm-en-°bpw ae-c sa{Xm\pw
c≠v t]cm-Ip-tºmƒ A[n-Imc Ah-Imiw
kw_-‘n®v hyh-ÿ-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww
F∂m-Wv. BZy-`mKw Xncp-Ønb Xnc-°n¬
Ah-km-\-`m-K-Øns‚ Imcyw ad-∂p-t]m-bn.
1967 ¬ t`Z-KXn sNbvX `c-W-L-S-\bpsS
]p\-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw 1970, 74, 77, 85,
88 & 92 h¿j-ß-fn¬ \SØn F∂mWv `c-
W-L-S\ ]pkvXIw t]Pv 2 ¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.
AXm-bXv G‰hpw ]pXnb ]Xn∏v Cd-°n-bncn-°p-∂Xv
1992 emWv. F∂m¬ `c-W-L-S-\bpsS
Ih¿ t]Pn¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p∂ {]Imcw 1996&1997 se kp{]nw
tImSXn t`Z-K-Xnbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. 1992 ¬ Cd-ßnb ]Xn-∏n¬ Fßs\
1996&1997 h¿j-ß-fnse tImSXn \n¿t±-in®
t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ h∂p? C\n ]gb ]Xn-∏n¬
"CXv Iq´n-t®¿Ø-Xm-sW-n¬' A°mcyw
aqSn hbv°p-Ibpw 98˛mw hIp∏v am{Xw Xncp-
Øp-Ibpw sNbvXXv F¥n-\mWv? 98˛mw
hIp-∏nse BZy-`mKw Fßs\ am‰w h∂p?
hymP-ambn XncpØn
hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ \yqkv _qtdm
EXCLUSIVE
EXCLUSIVE
Cu tNmZy-߃°p≈ adp-]-Sn-°mbn
A¬]-Imew ]nd-tIm´v k©-cn-°-Ww.
1995 ¬ kp{]nw-tIm-S-Xn k`m tImkn¬
hn[n {]kvXm-hn-®p. hn[n-bn¬ ]d-n-cp∂
{]mImcw amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mh-bpsS
ImtXm-en°m ÿm\ e_vZn tNmZyw sNøs∏-S-cpXv
F∂v ]d-n-cp-∂p. ImtXm-en°m
]£w, amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mhmsb
sIm≠v "ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥' hnfn-®p-
Iq-´m≥ {ia-am-cw-`n-®p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
]£w CXv tNmZyw sNbvXp. amXyqkv c≠m-
a≥ _mhmbv°v tImSXn hn[n {]Imcw ae-
c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w e`y-am-bn√ F∂mWv
]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£w hmZn-®-Xv. AXn\v
Dt]m¬_-e-ambn Nq≠n-Im-Wn-®Xv `c-W-L-
S-\-bnse 98˛mw hIp-∏m-Wv. ImtXm-en-
°mbv°v, ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w
hln-°m-hp-∂-XmWv (hln°msXbp-ancn°mw).
aec sa{Xm-\m-I-W-sa-n¬
Atkm-kn-tb-j-\m¬ sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-
SWw. F∂m¬ "ImtXm-en-°m, ae-c sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ
ÿm\w IqSn hln-°p-∂-Xm-
Ip∂p' F∂m-sW-n¬, ImtXm-en-°-bm-
Ip∂ hy‡n°v am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ ]Zhn-bm-Wv
ae- -c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w
F∂v hcp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ImtXm-en°
Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø.
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ImtXm-en-°-bvt°m, GsX-
n-ep-samcp ta¬]-´-°m-ct\m ae-c
sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w e`y-am-Ip∂ Ahÿ
bmWp-≈-Xv. GsX-nepw Hcp ta¬]-´-°mc\v
ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w e`y-am-bm¬
h´-ticn Xncp-ta\n, I√m-ticn _mhm-amcpsS
ImesØ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-
°m\pw amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mhbv°v
D≠mb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-
Sp-hm≥ ImtXm-en°m]£w I≠ kq{X-hgn-bmWv
Cu `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS hymP t`Z-K-
Xn. tcJ-Iƒ Xncp-Øp-Ibpw, hymP-tc-J-Iƒ
D≠m°pIbpw sNøp-∂Xv ImtXmen°m]£Øns‚
ÿncw ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wv.
tIkn¬ "kXyw' Pbn-°m≥ ImtXm-en°m
I£n-°m¿ tcJ-Iƒ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-°pdn®v
CXv hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcyw F∂
_p°n¬ tXmakv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv
(aqhm-‰p-]pg) {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. hymPtcJ-
Iƒ D≠m°n ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£-Øn-s\-
Xnsc tIkp-Iƒ sImSp-°p-Ibpw tImS-
Xnsb I_-fn-∏n®v tIkn¬ hnPbw t\Snb
tijw "kXyw Db¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p' F∂
{]kvXm-h\ \S-Øp∂ ImtXm-en°m]£
ta¬∏-´-°mcpsSbpw A¬amb am\y≥amcp-sSbpw
Ipdp-°≥ _p≤nbmWo Xncn-adn°v
]n∂n¬ F∂v hy‡-am-Wv.
h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n cNn® atXm-]-tZi-km-c-߃
F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]´-Xz-
Øn-\-Sp∂ tae-[n-Imcw At¥ymJym ]m{Xnb¿°o-kn-\m-sW∂
`mKw XncpØn tae-[n-
Imcw ImtXm-en-°-°n-b-Xpw, A_vZpƒ
avinl _mhm-bpsS I¬]-\-bn¬ Xncn-adn
\S-Øn-bXpw ]cn. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥
_mhm-bpsS t^mt´m-bn¬ A_vZpƒ
avinlm _mhm-bpsS Xe sh´n H´n-®Xpw,
70 Ifn¬ ImtXm-en° _mh Ab® Hcp
I¬]\ Xs∂ am¿tXmam knwlm-k\w
h®pw hbv°m-sXbpw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-
Xpw, amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mh am¿tØmam
knwlm-k\w koen¬ Hfn-∏n®v h®v I¬]-
\-bn-d-°n-bXpw XpSßn Ct∏mƒ `c-W-L-S-
\-bn¬ ImWp∂ Cu "Xncnadn' hsc kz¿§-
Øn-tebv°v Xo¿∞m-S\w sNøp∂ ]pcm-X\
(?) k`-bvt°m, AXns\ \bn-°p∂ ssZh-
Øns‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mb ZnZn-tamkv
_mhbvt°m tN¿∂-XmtWm? ]m{Xnb¿°okv
]£sØ ASn-°m≥ ]pd-sØ-
Sp-°p∂ 1934 `c-W-L-S\ Ct∏mƒ ImtXmen°m
]£-Øn\v Xs∂ Ducm-°p-Sp°v
Bbn-cn°p-∂p. AXn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp
NmSm≥ `c-W-L-S\m hIp-∏p-Iƒ hymPam¿§-Øn-eqsS
XncpØn "ap≥Ime {]m_
eyw' t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ImtXm-en-°bpw
Iq´cpw {ian°p∂Xv I≠n-√m-sb-∂v \Sn-
°m≥ ImtXm-en°m]£sØ _p≤n-Po-hn-
Iƒ°v km[n-°ptam? ImØn-cp∂pImWmw.
hln-°m-hp-∂Xpw : hln-°p-∂Xpw
"hln-°m-hp-∂Xv' F∂Xpw "hln-°p-∂XmWv' F∂Xpw c≠v A¿∞-hym-]vXn-bp≈ ]Z-ß-fm-Wv. ImtXm-en-°m-]£ `c-W-L-S\ (98) ]d-bp-∂Xv "ImtXm-en-°m-bv°v, ae-c
sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w IqSn hln-°m-hp-∂-XmWv' F∂m-Wv. ImtXm-en-°mbpw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw c≠v ]Z-hn-I-fm-Wv. Xnc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´m¬ B ImtXm-en-°mbv°v
ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\hpw hln-°mw. A√m-Ø-]£w GsX-nepw Hcp ta¬]-´-°m-c\v thW-sa-nepw ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w hln-°mw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ GXv ta¬]-´-°mc\v
thW-sa-nepw ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-Øn\v a’-cn-°mw. ImtXm-en-°mbv°pw Cu ÿm\-Øn\v a’-cn-°mw. Pbn-°p-∂- Bƒ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØbmbn-Øo-cpw.
ImtXm-en° BIp∂ Bƒ°v e`n-°pI Bflob A[n-Imcw am{Xhpw ae-c sa{Xm\v e`n-°p-∂Xv k`m kzØp-°-fpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-chpw Bbn-cn-°pw. h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n
ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w hln-®-t∏mƒ hmgn-°-s∏´ ImtXm-en-°-am¿ shdpw t\m°p-Ip-Øn-Iƒ Bbn amdn. Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ _mh-bpsS ImeØv h´-ti-cn¬ Xncpta-\n-bp-ambn
k`m `cWw kw_‘n®v A[n-Imc hSw-hen \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂ Z . M ]mtd´v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
C\n "hln-°p-∂XmWv' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w t\m°mw.
"ImtXm-en-°, ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w IqSn hln-°p-∂-XmWv' F∂m-°n-bmWv ImtXm-en°m ]£w Ct∏mƒ Xncp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn≥{]-Imcw ImtXm-en-°mbv°v
ae-c sa{Xm-≥ ÿm\w IqSn h∂p-tN-cpw. a‰v ta¬]-´°m¿°v ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-tØbv°v a’-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√msX hcpw. ImtXm-en-°bpw ae-c sa{Xm\pw H∂m-
Ip∂ Ahÿm hnti-j-am-Wn-Xp-aqew h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
1995 se kp{]nw tImSXn hn[n-{]-Imcw k`m ÿm\n-I-fpsS Imem-h[n 5 h¿j-am-Wv. A¬amb˛ssh-ZoI {SÃn ÿm\-tØbv°v \S-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-
Øn\pw sXc-s-Sp∏v \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ sXc-s-Sp∏v \S-∂m¬ ImtXm-en° tXm¬°ptam F∂ `bm-i aqe-amWv `c-W-L-S\ XncpØn sXc-s-Sp-∏ns\ t\cn-
SmsX ImtXm-en° Xs‚ ÿm\-ap-d-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
ImtXm-en-°mbpw ]cn-hm-c-ßfpw IqSn kz¥-`-c-W-L-S\ ewLn®v X߃°v Hmim\ ]mSp∂ P\sØ "hln-®n-cn-°p-I'bmWn-t∏mƒ.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
4
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
ImtXm-en°m]£-Øns‚
I≈-Ø-c-߃
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
I≈-{]-am-W-߃ D≠m-°p-Ibpw Ncn-{X-tc-J-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-ßfpw
XncpØn Xß-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Isf \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw a‰pw sNøp-∂Xv ImtXmen°m]£-Øns‚
ÿncw sXmgn-em-Wv.
CXm Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃
1. AamtemKy-bn¬ \n∂v At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS
t]scm-gnhm°n.
2. 1934 ¬ ]m m-°nb BZy]Xn-∏n¬ k`m-X-e-h≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmWv
F∂p-am{Xw tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. k`m Xe-h≥ GXv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmWv
F∂v PUvPn tNmZn-®-Xn-\m¬ k`m Xe-h≥ At¥ymJym
3.
]m{Xn-b¿°okmsW∂v 1954 ¬ XncpØn.
1958 se k`m kam-[m\ Icm¿ ImtXm-en° H∏n-Sm-sX-bmWv sImSp-Ø-Xv.
H∏n-Sp-hm≥ hmßnb kam-[m\ Icm-dns‚ apI-fn¬ am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS
knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcq-U-\mb F∂v XncpIn Ib-‰n-b-Xn\v tij-amWv
H∏n-´v XncpIn \¬In-bXv.
4. h´ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n atXm-]-tZ-i-km-c-߃ F∂ IrXn-bn¬ ]d-n-cp-∂Xv
]´-Xz-Øns‚ tae-[n-Imcw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bv°m-sW-
∂m-Wv. CXv XncpØn ImtXm-en-°sb tae-[n-Im-cn-bm-°n.
5. ]cn. ]t{Xmkv «olmsb "ka-∑m-cn¬ apº≥' B°m≥ hoSn≥
`cWw iotams\ F∂ hnhml IqZm-i-bnse KoXw ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
]d-n-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v FXn-cmbn hoSn≥ Imh¬ iotams\ F∂m-°n-bmWv
ImtXm-en°m]£- sshZo-I¿ sNm√p-∂Xv.
6. Htc I¬]-\, am¿tØm-am-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ F∂v tN¿Øpw
hnti-j-W-an-√m-sXbpw Ab-®p.
7. ÿm\-`r-jvS-\m-°-s∏´ A_vZpƒ avinlmsb £Wn®v ImtXm-en° hmgvN
\S-Øn. A_vZpƒ avinl `c-W-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ \ncm-I-cn®
ImtXm-en°m ÿm\w NnØ-{`a _m[n-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ \S-Øn. ae--c-bn¬
I£n a’-c-߃°v XpS°w Ipdn-®p.
8. A_vZpƒ avinl _mhm-bpsS I¬]\ Original ]qgvØnh®v hymP-ambn
D≠m-°n.
9. ]cn. bmt°m_v aq∂m-a≥ _mh ae--c-bv°v \¬Inb am¿tØmam
«olm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v tZh-temIw Nm∏-en¬ {]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°nb
I_-dn¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu hnh-c-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p∂
^e-I-Øn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS \maw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw
aqk-ense kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n-bpsS t]cv sX‰mbpw
tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
10. ]cp-a-e- ]≈n-bpsS t]cv am‰p-Ibpw ]mt{Xmkv aq∂m-a≥ _mh ]´w \¬Inb
]cp-aeXncp-ta-\nsb ImtXm-en°m {Kq∏pImc≥ B°m≥ {ian-®p
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
11. amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mh am¿tØmam knwlm-k\w koen-\p≈nem°n
Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ I¬]\ ]{X-Øn¬ sImSp-Øp. AtX I¬]\
]≈n-I-fn-se-Ønbt∏mƒ knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcq-U-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
12. IShn¬ AØ-\m-tkymkv (H∂m-a≥) Xncp-ta-\nsb ImtXm-en°m `‡≥
B°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
13. ]cn. F¬tZm _mhm-tbmSv {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ ImtXm-en-°m-]£w cNn®
sk{Zm-bn¬ ]cn. F¬tZm _mhmsb am¿tØmam knwlm-k-\-Øn¬
Ccp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]cn. F¬tZm _mh At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbpsS
{]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂ Imcyw kuI-cy-]q¿∆w ad-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
14. tZh-tem-IsØ {]kv Poh-\-°msc Iq´p-]n-Sn®v 98˛mw \º¿ `c-W-L-S\m
hIp∏v Xncp-Øn-b-Xv.
Cßs\ A\-¥-ambn XpS-cp-I-bmWv tZh-tem-Im-[n-]s‚ hnIr-Xn-Iƒ. CXv C∂pw
Cu Bbp-jvIm-eØpw XpS-cp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°mw.
ImtXm-en°m I£n-°m¿
DØcw ]d-bptam?
kz¥w I£n-°m-scbpw, Atkm-kn-tb-j-s\bpw, amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-tbbpw,
h¿°nwKv IΩn-‰n-tbbpw, kp∂-l-tZm-kn-s\bpw t\m°p-Ip-Øn-I-fm°n ImtXm-en-
°mbpw ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-Ifpw IqSn \S-Ønb ""\·-amb `c-W-L-S\m ewL\w''
I≠n√msb∂v \Sn-°p-hm≥ ImtXm-en°m ]£sØ {]ap-J¿°v ]‰ptam? Xß-fpsS
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ kpXm-cy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿ `c-W-L-S\m hnhm-ZsØ Fß-s\bmWv
t\m°n ImWp-∂-Xv. GI-]-£o-b-amb Xocp-am-\-ß-fp-ambn apt∂-dp-I-bt√
h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n apX-ep≈ ÿm\n-Iƒ sNbvXp-h-∂-Xv. AXns‚ ]cn-WX ^eat√
C∂sØ k`m tIkp-Iƒ.
am¿tØmam knwlm-k-\sØ tNmZyw sNbvX amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bw-K-ßsf ]pd-
Øm°n k`sb ssI∏-Sn-bn¬ HXp-°p-I-bt√ A∂sØ \nbp-‡≥ (h´-°p-t∂¬
_mh) sNbvX-Xv. `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn A®SnbneqsS \n¿∆-ln-®-Xns‚ bp‡n
tIm´-bsØ ImtXm-en° ap-X¬ Xmtg-bv°p≈ ÿm\n-Iƒ Bsc-nepw hni-Zo-Icn-°ptam?
AØ-\m-tkymkv, anen-Øn-tbm-kv, \nt°m-fm-thmkv XpS-ßnb Imep-am-
‰-°m¿°v Fs¥-nepw ]d-bm-\pt≠m? CXmtWm P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-eq-∂nb F∏nkvtIm-∏kn?
\ap-°m¿s°-nepw CjvS-an-√mØ \nb-a-߃ Ds≠-n¬ AXv am‰n {]n‚ v
sNbvXm¬ aXn F∂v Im´n-X∂ ImtXm-en-°mbv°pw, A®m-b≥am¿°pw kvXpXnbm-bn-cn-°-s´!
Ipcym-t°mkv tam¿ tkth-dntbmkv
sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ
B¿®v _nj∏v
ae-c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`bnse
Iv\m\mb `{Zm-k\ A[n-]≥ Ipcymt°mkv
tam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kns\ ]cn.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v
Iv\m\mb `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ {]Ya B¿®v
_nj-∏mbn \nb-an-®p. CXv kw_-‘n®p≈
Ive]\ Nnß-h\sØ `{Zm-k\ Bÿm-
\Øv e`n-®p. Iv\m\mb AXn-`-{Zm-k-\-
Øns‚ {][m\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\hpw
tam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kn\v \¬In. Iv\m\mb
`{Zm-k-\-Ønse BZysØ B¿®v _nj-
∏mWv tam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kv.
sshZoI ]mc-º-cy-Øm¬ {]i-kvX-amb
tIm´bw CS-h-gn-bv°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬
Ip-h-dm-®-s‚bpw adn-bm-Ω-bpsSbpw
]p{X-\mbn 1959 sabv 21 \v P\n-®p. Cu IpSpw-
_-Ønse c≠m-asØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-ØbmWv
tam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kv. Iv\m\mb `{Kmk-\-Øns‚
{]Ya sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØbmb
Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv, {]ikvX
k`m Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-
Iv\m\mb AXn-`-{Zm-k-\-Øns‚
\nbp‡ klmb sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ hµy
Nmep-]-d-ºn¬ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºms\
s^{_p-hcn 2 \v Uam-kvI-kn¬h®v ]cn.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v
sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w \¬Ipw.
Iv\m\mb AXn-`-{Zm-k-\- B¿®v _nj∏v
Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv,
bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k` F∏n-kvtIm-
∏¬ sk{I-´dn A`n. tPmk^v tam¿ {KntKmdn-tbmkv
sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø, Iv\m\mb `-{Zmk-\-Ønse
sshZo-I¿ Aflmb t\Xm-°ƒ
XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ÿm\m-tcm-lW ip{iq-jbn¬
]s-Sp-°pw.
Ign--Zn-hkw Xncp-h√ I√n-ticn
sk‚ v tacokv Iv\m\mb hen-b-]-≈nbn¬h®v
^m. kn.‰n. Ipcy\v dºm≥
ÿm\w \¬In. Iv\m\mb B¿®v _nj∏v
Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv apJy
Im¿Ωn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \ncWw `{Zm-k-\m-[n-
]≥ tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ Iqdntemkv
sa{Xm-t∏m-enØ kl-Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln-®p.
^m. kn.‰n. Ipcy-\v, Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm≥
F∂ \ma-amWv \¬In-b-Xv. dºm≥ ÿm\m-
`n-tjI ip{iq-j-bn¬ At\Iw sshZo-
Icpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Ifpw
]s-Sp-Øp.
am∂m¿ Nmep-]-d-ºn¬ ]tc-X-\mb kn.
F. tXma-kn-t‚bpw shfn-b-\mSv ]pØ≥
If-Øn¬ AΩnWn tXma-kn t‚bpw \memasØ
]p{X-\mbn 1964 P\p-hcn 16 \v P\n-
®p. am∂m¿ Fw.-Un. F¬.-]n. kvIqfn¬
bm-bn-cp∂ ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tam¿ Znh-∂mtkym-kns‚
sk{I-´-dnbmbncp∂ a¨a-d-
p-t]mb C.-Fw. ^nen∏v F∂n-h¿
CShgn-bv°¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fm-Wv.
Nß-\m-t»cn Fkv.-_n. tImtf-
Pn¬\n∂v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ _n.-F.bpw
tIm´bw kn.-Fw.-F-kv. tImtf-Pn¬
\n∂v Bwt•b kmln-Xy-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-
\-¥-c-_n-cp-≤hpw t\Sn. Ab¿e-≠nse
Memooth bqWnthgvkn-‰n-bn¬\n∂v
thZ-im-kv{X-Øn¬ _ncp-≤hpw hS-hm-
Xq¿ ]uckvXy hnZym-]o-T-Øn¬\n∂v
Fw.-‰n.-F-®pw t\Sn. 1971 ¬ siΩm-i-\mbn.
1990 s^{_p-hcn 4\v ]pWy-t«m-I-
\mb tam¿ ¢naokv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbn¬\n∂v
Iio» ÿm\-ta-‰p. 2004 P\phcn
14 \v ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh
Xncp-a\- p-sIm≠v sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ
ÿm\-tØbv°v Db¿Øn. XpS¿∂v
Iv\m\mb `{Zm-k\ sa{X-t∏m-eo-Øbmbn
{]h¿Øn®v hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Ipdn-bm-t°mkv Nmep-]-d-ºn¬
dºms‚ sa{Xm-`n-tjIw
s^{_p-hcn 2 \v
\n∂v {]mYaoI hnZym-`ym-khpw tXthcn
sk‚ v tXmakv kvIqfn¬ \n∂v
sslkvIqƒ hnZym`ymk hpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-
®p. dm∂n sk‚ v tXmakv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v
{]oUn-{Knbpw Xncp-h√ a¿tØmΩm tItf-
Pn¬ \n∂v [\-XXz imkv{X-Øn¬ _n.-
Fbpw, {]i-kvX-amb C≥tUm¿
{InkvXy≥ tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v Fw.-Fbpw
hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. XpS¿∂v
Ireland se Dublin tlmfn tKmÃv anj-\dn
tItf-Pn¬ \n∂v B.D bpw tIm´ bw hS-hm-
Xq¿ ]uckvXy hnZym-]o-T-Øn¬ \n∂v
M.T.H Dw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. s]cp-º ≈n
skan-\mcn, ate-°p-cniv Zbd F∂n-h-S-ßfn
¬ \n∂v skan-\mcn hnZym-`ymkw \S-Øn.
1975 P\p-hcn 28\v Imew sNbvX ]pWy-t«m-
I-\mb F{_ lmw tam¿ ¢naokv Xncp-ta-\nbn¬
\n∂v shfn-b-\mSv sk‚ v tacokv
]≈n-bn¬ h®v siΩ-ip-]´w kzoI-cn-®p.
1980 BKÃv 28 am∂m¿ sk‚ v tacokv
Iv\m\mb ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]pWy-t«m-I-cmb
F{_lmw tam¿ ¢nao-kv, bmt°m_v tam¿
Xotam-Øn-tbmkv, tXmakv tam¿ sXtbm-^ntemkv
F∂o ]nXm-°-∑m¿ tN¿∂v
sshZoI]´w \¬In. 82˛84 Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬
]cn.]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhbpsS sk{I-´-dnbm-bn-cp∂p
Ct∏mƒ Iv\m\mb Atkm-kntb-j≥
{]kn-U‚ v BWv.kn.-‰n.tXmakv,
kn.-‰n.F{_lmw
(I.S.R.O Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw), ]tc-X-\mb kn.-
‰n.]p∂qkv, kn.-‰n. amXyp F∂n-h¿ ktlm-
Z-c-ß-fm-Wv.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
5
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
Ncn-{X-tØmSv Im´p∂ h©\
]cn. k`-bpsS Ncn-{X-tØm-Sv, \mSns‚ Ncn-{X-tØmSv Nne¿ h©\ Im´p-∂p.
ASpØ Ime-ß-fn-embn CXv IqSn-°qSn hcn-I-bm-Wv. t_m[-]q¿∆-amb Hcp ]cn-{i-a-
Øns‚ `mK-am-bmWv Cu {ia-sa∂v \nkw-ibw ]d-bmw. Cu Imcy-߃ ]e- -t∏mgpw
{i≤-bn¬s∏-SmsX t]mIp-∂p. ]pXnb Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-I¿ \ni-_vZ-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ahk-c-߃
hcp-tºmƒ Ah¿ ]pd-sØ-Sp-°pw. Ncn{XtØmSv Im´p∂ h©\ temI-Øn-
\p-ap-ºn¬ Xpd-∂p-Im-t´-≠Xv hfsc AXym-h-iy-ambn h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ncn-{X-]m-c-ºcyw
Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ C√mØ Hcp-hn-`m-K-amWv Cu lo\-{i-a߃°v ap∂n¬. AXns‚
{]Xy£ DZm-l-c-W-amWv `c-W-L-S\m Xncp-ج. Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw tImS-Xn-bn¬
tIkp-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy-߃ kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ DX-Ip∂ coXn-bnep≈
Xncp-Ø-ep-I-fp-ambn Ch¿ hcp-∂p. hfsc apºp-Xs∂ Cu Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-
Ønb tcJ-Iƒ Ch¿ Icp-Xn-bn-´p-≠m-Ipw. ]e-t∏mgpw Cu Im]-Sy-߃ Xpd-∂p-Im-´phm≥
km[n-°msX t]mIp-∂p. Ign--Zn-hkw adp-hn-`m-K-Ønse Hcp {]k-Zn-[o-I-cWw
Imew sNbvX ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØ\m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ
sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-c-\m-sW∂v t_m[-]q¿∆-amb Hcp {]N-cWw \S-Øn. Cu
Ncn-{X-߃ ]S®v hnSp-∂-h¿°-dnbmw kXy-sa-¥m-sW-∂v. F∂mWv sa{Xm≥I-£n-hn-
`m-K-ap-≠m-b-sX∂pw Xß-fpsS ]mc-ºcyw F¥m-sW∂pap≈ t_m[yw ad-®p-h-bv°m-
\p≈ {ia-amWv CXn\v ]n∂n¬. ]cn. At¥ym-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚ ]ucm-Wn-I-
Xbpw ]mc-º-cyhpw Bcm-[-\bpw thj-hp-sa√mw Ch¿°v kz¥w. ]t£ B ]cnip≤
knwlm-k-\sØ Ch¿°v th≠. kz¥-ambn hy‡n-Xz-an-√m-Ø-h-cmWv Cu Zpjv{]-
N-c-W-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. X߃°v A¿l-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xv- D≠v F∂v ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°p-hm-
\p≈ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb {ia-amWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.
h´-ticn sa{Xm-®≥ cNn® atXm-]-tZ-i-km-c-߃ Ch-cpsS Xncp-Øp-Iƒ°v ]m{Xn-
`q-X-am-bn-´p≈ {][m\ {KŸ-am-Wv. Xß-fpsS ÿm]-Is‚ {KŸ-ßfnse Bi-b߃t]mepw
Xncp-Øp-∂-h¿ ]nXr-iq-\y-sc-t∏m-sebmWv.
Ncn-{XsØ hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ae-bmf at\m-c-abv°v D≈ ]v sNdp-X-√. ]et∏mgpw
Ah¿ Cd-°p∂ hnti-jm¬ ]-Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ ]cn.]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n, h´-ticn
sa{Xm-®≥ F∂n-h¿°v e`n® ]´-Xz-ßfpw ÿm\-ßfpw \¬In-b-hsc t_m[-]q¿∆w
hnkva-cn-°p-∂p. Ncn-{X-߃ krjvSn-°p-hm\pw ]ga \n›-bn-°p-hm\pw X߃°mWv
Ah-Im-i-sa∂v Ch¿ [cn-°p-∂p. ]≈n-Iƒ°v sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ]pXnb t]cp-
Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p. Ah¿ krjvSn-°p∂ ]g-abpw Ncn-{Xhpw a\p-jy-a-\p-kp-I-fn¬ ÿm]n-
°p-hm≥ hne-Ip-d X{¥-߃ ]b-‰p-∂p. Cu NXn-°p-gn-Iƒ Ffp∏w a\-kn-em-°phm≥
km[n®p F∂p-h-cn√.
Ign--Zn-hkw tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw {]ikvXhpw ]pcm-X-\-hp-amb kn.-Fw.-Fkv
tImtfPnse ]q¿∆ hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-tS-Xmbn ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bn¬ h∂ kπn-sa‚n¬
B tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn® {]ikvX hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn®v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw.
AXn¬ {][m\ ÿm\w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ZnZn-tamkv _mhm-bv°m-Wv. t{ijvT _tken-tbmkv
]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ AS°w At\Iw Aflob t\Xm-°sf t_m[-]q¿∆w
Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Bflob t\Xm-°-sf Hgn-hm-°n-sIm≠v ZnZn-tamkv _mhmbv°v
am{Xw {]ikvXn \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ KqV-{i-a-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Hcp ]t£ kn.-
Fw.-F-kv. tImtfPv `c-W-I¿Øm-°tfm A[n-Im-cn-Itfm Cu KqV-e£yw a\- n-em-
°n-bn-´p-≠m-hn-√. Nne _p≤n-am-∑m¿ CXns‚ ]n∂n¬ Xß-fpsS e£y {]m]vXn-°mbn
D]-tbm-Kn-®p- F-∂p-am-{Xw. Ncn-{XsØ XncpØpI am{X-a√ Nne kmaq-lnI kwL-S-\-
IfpsS t\XrXzw ]nSn-®-S-°p-hm-\p≈ KqUm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu kwL-S-\-
I-fpsS Xe-∏Øv F√m-h-cpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS FØn-t®¿∂ tijw Xß-fpsS ÿm]nX
Xm¬]-cy-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv ]n∂o-Sv. XßfpsS Bflob t\Xm-
°∑msc apJy AXn-Yn-I-fm-°p-I, Xß-fpsS k`mw-K-߃°v ÿm\-߃ t\Sn sImSp-
°p-I- Xp-S-ßnb Xcw XmW ssien-Iƒ Ch¿ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p.
CXns\ t\m°n-Im-Wp-hm-\p≈ {i≤ \ap-°p-≠m-I-Ww. Cu Zpjv{]-h-W-X-Isf
s]mXp-P-\-ap-ºn¬ Xpd∂p Im´-Ww.
F{X-sb{X Ncn-{X-ß-fmWv Ch¿ Xncp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Ct∏mƒ a\-kn-emhp-I-bn-√.
Ipd®v \mfp-Iƒ°v tijw Cu Xncp-Ø-s∏´ Ncn{Xw Ch¿ ]pd-sØ-Sp-°pw.
]n∂oSv AXv sh®mWv hymJym-\w. ]pcm-X\ kpdn-bm\n k`mw-K-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw
\mw Cu Imcy-ß-fn¬ {i≤n-°m-dn-√. ]t£ Cu AXn-_p-≤n-am-∑msc icn°pw
a\-kn-em-°n-bn-s√-n¬ sImSp-t°≠ hne hep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
_n_n G{_lmw IShpw `mKw
kt¥m-j-Øns‚ \nanjw IÆp-\o-cn-s‚bpw
Bep-hm-bnse I_-dn¬ IÆp-\o-tcmsS {]m¿∞n-°p∂
tPmk^v ta¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n
t{ijvT _mh "ae--c-bpsS
bmt°m_v _¿tZmt\m'
At¥ym-Jym-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-°-bp-sSbpw ]cn.]m{Xn-b¿°m _mh Xncp-a-
\-kp-sIm≠v t{ijvT _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhmbv°v ae--c-bpsS
bmt°m _v _¿tZmt\m ÿm\w \¬In A\p-{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]cn._mh Xncp-a-
\-knse ss« loI I¬]\ s^{_p.12 \v a-\n-°c Zb-dm-bn¬ h®v hmbn-°p-
Ibpw ÿm\-Nn-”-߃ AWn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcnbn¬
{]th-i\w A\p-h-Zn® Kh¨sa‚ n\v
A`n-\-µ-\-߃: _mh
Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn I_dn-¬
Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-hm≥ A\p-hmZw
\¬Inb kwÿm\Kh¨sa‚n\v t{ijvT
ImtXm-en° _mh \µn ]d-p.
_lp. apJy-a{¥n hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-
\-µ≥, B`y-¥-c-a{¥n {io. sImSn-tbcn _me-
Ir-jvW≥, ^nj-dokv a{¥n Fkv. i¿Ω,
Fw.-F¬.-F-am-cmb Fw.-Fw. tam\mbn,
kmPp t]mƒ, _m_p t]mƒ F∂n-h¿
hfsc A≤zm-\n-®-Xmbn _mh ]d-p.
Ah-tcm-sS√mw k`bv°v IS-∏m-Sp-≠v. Xr°p-
∂Øv skan-\mcn {]iv\w izmiz-X-ambn ]cnl-cn-°p-hm-\p≈
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ {ia߃°v
_mh F√m ]n¥p-Wbpw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. A`n-hµy ]nXm-°-
∑mcpw k`m sk{I-´dn Xºp tPm¿Pv XpIe\pw
k`m {SÃnbpw hfsc XymK-߃
kln-®p.
]≈n ÿm]n® Aºm´v tam¿ Iqdntemkv,
skan-\mcn ÿm]n® IS-hn¬
]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv, ]cn.
]utemkv tam¿ AØ\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-
\n, hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿
{KntKm-dn-tbmkv XpS-ßnb ]nXm-°-∑m¿
skan-\mcn A[n-]-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂ A-amen
`{Zm-k-\-Ønse ap≥sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m¿
F√m-hcpw Xs∂ ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
_mhmbm¬ hmgn-°-s∏-´hcpw AwKoIcn-
°-s∏-´n´p≈-h-cp-am-Wv. Ch-cp-sS-b√mw
bYm¿∞ ]n≥Kman A-amen `{Zm-k-\-
Ønse Ct∏m-gsØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ
t{ijvT ImtXm-en° tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv
tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mh, ]cn-ip≤ ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mhm-bm¬ hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xm-
Wv. skan-\mcn ÿm]-I-\mb IS-hn¬
]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ
skan-\mcn \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn {SÃv
cq]n-I-cn®v hn¬]-{X-ambn hS-°≥]-d-hq¿
Imbw-Ipfw ImZoi ]≈n-bnse bmt°m-_mb
hn`mKw s]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v \S-Ønb dmk
B¿.-Un.-H.-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ t]meokv XSp
ae--c-bpsS K¿÷n-°p∂ knwl-sa-∂dn-b-s∏-Sp∂
]pWy-t«m-I-\mb anJm-tb¬
tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-ØmbpsS
51-˛mw ZpJvtdm\ s]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-
‘n®v 21-˛mw XobXn \S-Ønb dmk, Ccp-Iq-
´cpw s]mXp-hmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂
skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ Ibdn [q]-{]m¿∞\ \S-
Øp-∂Xv t]meokv XS-p. Cßs\ XS-bp-
∂-Xn-\mbn Fs¥-nepw tImSXn DØ-c-hp-
Itfm a‰v A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂pw
Fs¥-nepw hne-°p-Itfm \ne-hn-en-√.
k_v cPn-kv{Sm¿ B^o-kn¬ 1708 hr›nIw
7 \v H∂mw \º-cmbn cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Iogn¬
A-amen `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ F∂-
\n-e-bn-emWv hn¬]{Xw cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-
°p-∂-Xv. A-amen `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏meoØ
Bbn-cp∂ hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh-dp-
Kokv tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv 1123 anYp\w
Ggn\v A-amen cPn-kv{Sm¿ B^o-kn¬
19-˛mw \º-cmbn hn¬]{Xw cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-
´p≠v. hn¬]-{X-{]-Imcw A-amen `{Zm-k\
sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
_mhmbm¬ hmgn-°-s∏-SpIbpw AwKoIcn-
°-s∏-SpIbpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn ÿm]n® IShn¬
]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv
sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØbpsS hn¬]-{X-{]-Imcw
skan-\m-cn-bpsS Ah-Imiw ]cn. ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mhmbpsS Iogn-ep≈ sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw
A-amen `{Zmk\Ønse
CS-hI ]≈n-Iƒ°p-am-Wv. ]cn.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbpsS AwKo-Im-cap≈
Ct∏m-gsØ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø t{ijvT
ImtXm-en° tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv
{]Y-a≥ _mh am{X-am-Wv. hn¬]-{X-{]-Imcw
skan-\m-cn-bpsS Ah-Imiw A-amen `{Zmk\Ønse
sa{Xm≥I£n hn`m-K-Ønse
shdpw 17 ]≈n-Iƒ°-√, adn®v bmt°m-
_mb k`-bnse 200-˛¬]cw ]≈n-Iƒ°m-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn
Ct∏m-gsØ kq£n-∏p-Im-cn¬\n∂v
bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-I-fmb bmt°m-_mb
k`bv°v ]q¿Æ-ambn e`n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
skan-\mcn ÿm]n® IS-hn¬
]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØbpsS
Nc-a-i-Xm_vZn h¿j-amb
2007 ¬ Beph ]≈n Xpd∂v bmt°m-_mb
k`bv°v Bcm-[-\bv°v Ah-kcw \¬Inb
Kh¨sa‚ v \S-]Snsb _mh A`n-\-µn-®p.
AtX-k-abw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]£-
Øns‚ ssIh-iØnencn-°p∂ ImZoim
]≈n tImºu-≠n¬ ]e ÿe-ß-fn¬\ns∂-Ønb
ap∂q-dn-e-[nIw Kp≠-Iƒ hSnhmfpw
a‰v amc-Im-bp-[-ßfpambn \ne-bp-d-
∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Ahsc Ahn-sS-\n∂pw \o°w
sNøp-hm≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ
ASpØ Hcm-gvN-°Iw Cu {]iv\-Øn\v Hcp
imiz-X-]-cn-lmcw ImWm-sa∂ Dd-∏n-t∑¬
bmt°m-_m-b-hn-`mKw dmk ]≈n-bn¬
Ibdn kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn ]ncn-p-t]m-bn.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
6
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
aecbpsS bmt°m_v _p¿tZmt\m
hnizm-k-kw-c-£-Is‚ {]Wm-a-߃
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
ae--c-bpsS bmt°m_v _p¿tZmt\m : t{ijvT _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mh
BI-am\n kpdn-b\n k`bpsS ]c-am-[y-£-\mb
At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv
kmJm {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh ae--c- k`-bpsS {]mtZin-Im-≤y£≥
t{ijvT tXmakv {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhsb
"ae--c-bpsS bm°q_v _p¿tZmt\m' F∂ _lp-aXn \¬In
kam-Z-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ hm¿Ø hmbn-®-t∏mƒ AXy-[n-I-amb
kt¥mjw tXm∂n-b-tXm-sSm∏w CsXmcp "_lp-aXn' bmb-√,
Hcp tIhe bmYm¿∞-y-Øns‚ ssZhnI {]tNm-Z-\-Øm-ep≈
AwKo-Im-c-am-bmWv tXm∂n-b-Xv.
B henb hy‡nXzw
P\-Io-b-\mb CS-b≥, Bb-n-c-ßsf t]cp-sNm√n hnfn-°p∂ kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb ]nXmhv,
k`m ip{iq-j-bn¬ kl-I-cn-°p∂ Gh-scbpw BZ-c-]q¿∆w Icp-Xp∂ \mb-I≥,
hy‡n-]-c-ambn efnX PohnXw sIm≠v amXr-I-bmb alm-]p-cp-j≥, AXn-k-a¿∞-\mb
thZ-hym-Jym-Xm-hv, A\p-Xm] \n¿`-c-ambn Bcm-[\ A¿∏n-°p∂ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥, Ffnabpw
BZ-chpw ssIap-X-embn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ alm {][m-\m-Nm-cy≥. AwKpeo Ne-\-
Øm¬ Bbn-c-ßsf sNm¬∏-Sn°v \n¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-hp≈ amkva-cnI kn≤n-bpsS DS-abmb
t\Xm-hv, FXn-cm-fn-Isf \njv{]`-cm-°p∂ kn≤n-Ifpw ssien-Ifpw sIm≠v k`sb
A¤p-X-I-c-ambn \bn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-jn-‡\pw ae--c-bnse kpdn-bm-\n-k-`bpsS
B[q-\nI bpKin¬]n F∂n-ßs\ Cu alm {][m-\m-Nm-cys‚ \mbI
t{ijvTXbpw t\Xr-Xz-ssh-`-hhpw hnh-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. B {]m`h hy‡n-XzsØ A\mh-cWw
sNøp-hm≥ At\I hmey-߃ AS-ßp∂ {KŸ-]-c-ºc Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmgmWv
GXm\pw Jfin-I-I-fn-eqsS B tXtPm tKmfsØ Hcp IÆm-Sn-bn-eqsS tIhe
{]Xn-_nw-_-ambn ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B alm tXPkns‚ H∂p-c≠v Inc-W-߃
am{Xw ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°-s´.
ae-c k`-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-in-ebpw in¬]nbpw
33 h¿j-ambn ae--c-k-`-bpsS t\Xr-\n-c-bn¬ hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-\mbn \ne-\n¬°p-
Ibpw 1995 se kp{]nw-tIm-SXn hn[n A\-¥c Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k`m kwc-£W cwKØv
GI-\m-bI {]Xn-`-bmbn k`sb \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX Cu AXpey {]Xn-`m-imen
{]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ Xf-cmØ Dd-t∏-dnb ]mdbpw hy‡-amb Znim-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ hnZKvZ\mb
in¬]n-bp-amWv. kp{]nw-tIm-S-Xn-hn[n k`-°-\p-Iq-e-am-sW∂pw AX-\p-k-cn®v k`m `cWw
\n¿∆-ln-°p-tºmƒ "kam-[m\w' ssIhcpw F∂pw ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xnbpw {]`m-j-W-߃
\S-Ønbpw "hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcyw' ]d-p-\-S∂ k`-bpsS "Cfb Xe-ap-d-bnse'
"ssh⁄m-\nI `fim-c-߃' F∂v kzbw ta\n \Sn®p \S-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿ sa{Xm≥
I£n ImtXm-en°msb F√m A\pcRvP\ km[y-X-Ifpw \in-∏n®v GI-]-£o-b-ambn
"ae-c sa{Xm\pw' IqSn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn®v {]am-Whpw Fgp-Xn-sIm-SpØv Bfl-h-©-
\bpw k`m-t{Zm-lhpw sNbvX-h¿ krjvSn® A-em-∏n¬ ]I-®p-\n¬°msX \n›-b-Zm¿Uy-
Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬
tØmsS k`sb ss]Xr-I-Øn¬ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Ønb Cu alm-{]-[m-\m-Nm-cy≥ k`m-Sn-Ø-dbpsS
Dd® ]mdbpw in¬]nbp-amb "ae--c-bpsS bm°q_v _p¿tZmt\m' Xs∂ bmsXmcp
kwi-b-hp-an-√.
k`m-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX-bnse s\Spw-Xq¨
ae-c k`-bpsS B[q-\nI L´-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn ssii-h-an-√mØ buh\w t]mse
{]I-Shpw {]Np-c-hp-am-Wv. k`-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃, ]pØ≥Ip-cninse
k`m-tI-{µ-amb ]m{Xn-b¿°m-sk‚¿, hn]p-e-amb k`m-t\-XrXz LS-\, cmjv{Sob˛kmaq-lnI
cwK-ß-fnse NSp-e-amb k`m km∂n-[yw, tZh-tem-I-˛-am-[y-a-˛-km-º-ØnI kn≥Unt°-‰ns‚
{]Nm-cW˛kzm-[o\ taJ-e-Isf AXn-Po-hn®v ae-c k`-bpsS kzm[o-\hpw
hy‡n-Xzhpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Db¿Ønb ssh`hw, k`-bnse kwL-S-\-I-sfbpw {]kn-
≤o-I-c-W-ß-sfbpw i‡-am-°p-hm≥ kzoI-cn® \S-]-Sn-Iƒ, BflnI hf¿®-bv°p-th≠n
k`-bn¬ \S-∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kphn-ti-jo-I-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃, k`-bv°m-h-iyamb
{KŸ-ß-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃°v \¬Ip∂ t{]m’m-l-\-߃ F∂n-h-sbms°
hne-bn-cp-Ønbm¬ Ign ]Øv h¿jsØ k`-bpsS ]ptcm-KXn AXn\v apºp≈ \qdph¿jw
sIm≠v t\Sn-b-Xnepw D]-cn-bm-sW∂v B¿°pw X¬£Ww a\- n-em-°mw.
hnizm-k-kw-c£-I-s‚bpw tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚-dn-s‚bpw {]Wm-a-߃
A`n-h-µy-\mb tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Rm\pw tN¿∂v hfsc
Ffnb coXn-bn¬ Bcw-`n® tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚¿ Ct∏mƒ Ccp-]-tXmfw hne-s∏´
IrXn-Iƒ Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. RßfpsS {]Y-a-Ir-Xn-bmb "kXyhn-izm-k-]-T-\-߃'
{]k-≤o-I-cn-®Xv R߃ _mhmbv°v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v apºp-
Xs∂ hmbn®v t{]m’m-ln-∏n®v Ab-®p-X∂ A\p-{Kl I¬]\ G‰w henb kwXr]vXn
\¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb ]Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ Ah Bap-J-ambn tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv hmb-\-
°m¿ {i≤n-°p-I. CXv Rm≥ ChnsS Fgp-Xn-b-Xv, km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\namcpsS
Hcp Bin¿hmZ I¬]-\bv°v kao-]n-®m¬ ]ecpw h®v Xma-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Hgn-bm-_m[
t]mse ]ndsI \S-∂m¬ am{Xw Fgp-Xn-In-´p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A\p-`-h-߃°v hncp-≤-ambn
Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-sX-t]mepw A\p-{K-lhpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw \¬Inb Cu kw`-h-Øn¬ Hcp
henb k`m kvt\l-tØbpw t{]m’m-l-\-sØ-bp-amWv Rm≥ ImWp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ hn\o-
X-amb {]Wm-aw. "hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥' C‚¿s\-‰n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ _n_n
G{_lmw IS-hpw-`m-Khpw Rm\pw IqSn Btem-N\ \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Cu hnhcw BZyambn
Adn-bn-®Xv t{ijvT _mhm-tb-bm-Wv. {]Ya {ih-W-Øn¬ Xs∂ {]Xn-I-cn® B
kt¥m-j-Øns‚ s]m´n-®n-cnbpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw C∂pw Fs‚ a\- n¬ kPo-h-am-bp≠v.
{]Y-a-e°w {]m¿∞n®v ka¿∏n-®Xv t{ijvT _mhm-bm-Wv. B {]m¿∞-\bpw t{]m’m-l-
\hpw BWv C∂pw Cu {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ A\p-{K-lhpw ASn-Ø-dbpw. Cu c≠v {]ÿm-
\-ß-fp-sSbpw t]cn¬ BZ-chpw IS-∏mSpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ae--c-bpsS bm°q_v
_p¿tZmt\m "k`-bpsS `nØnsb _e-h-Øm-°p∂' in¬]nbpw I∏n-Øm\pambn Bbpcm-tcm-Ky-
-tØmsS \bn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°p-hm≥ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
7
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
alm-]-cn-ip-≤-\mb Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°ok v_mhm
Xncp-a-\- ns‚ 75-˛mw ZpIvtdm\m s]cp-∂mƒ
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
am\y A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-I-fpsS {i≤bv°v
alm-]-cn-ip-≤-\mb Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°ok v_mhm Xncp-a-\- ns‚ 75-˛mw ZpIvtdm\m
s]cp-∂m-fn-t\mSv A\p-_-‘n®v hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ {]tXyI ]Xn∏v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
]cn. _mhm-bpsS A]q¿∆ Nn{X-߃, ]cn. ]nXm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®v {]ikvX hy‡n-Iƒ Fgp-Xp∂
teJ-\-߃ F∂nh CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Spw. ]cn. _mhm-sb-°p-dn®v \nß-fpsS ssIhiw A]q¿∆-Nn-{Xßtfm
A\p-`-h-ßtfm Ds≠-n¬ Cu kwc-`-Øn¬ ]p-tN-cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. C‚¿s\‰v FUo-j-t\msSm∏w
t^m¿I-f-¿ B¿´p-t]-∏-dn¬ 24 t]Pp≈ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-tØmfw tIm∏n {]n‚Uv FUo-j-\n¬ Cd-°p-
∂p-≠v. ]≈n-I-fmbpw hy‡n-I-fmbpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-߃ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
8
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
aÆqØn am¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚ anj≥ ]cm-{I-a-߃
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
kq£va-Zr°v
aÆqØn tam¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kv ae-c k`-bn¬ Bap-J-߃ Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂
hy‡n-b√. A{Xbv°v (Ip){]kn≤n Ccp-]-£Øpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-n-´p≈ hnI-
S-k-c-kzXn \mhnepw I]-S-\mSyw cN-\-I-fnepw Xo{h-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-]-Sn-I-fnepw "ASn-
]nSn'Ifnepw ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw ]q¿hm-]c at\m-`mhw kz¥w A`n-{]m-b-ß-fnepw hnt[-b-
Xz-ß-fnepw ]pe¿Øp-hm≥ bmsXmcp a\-km-£n-°p-Øp-an-√mØ hy‡n-bp-am-Wn-t±lw.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v1995 se hn[n hsc tIkv \S-Øp-Ibpw hn[n hni-
I-e\w sNbvXv ae-c apgp-h≥ HmSn-\-S∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£w Pbnt®! Pbnt®! F∂v
hnP-b-t`cn \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp \S∂ Cu \mSy-°m-c≥ hn[n-b-\-¥cw "Ah-tem-I\w'
\SØn Fgp-Xn-bXv ""]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-KsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw F{Xbpw A\p-
Iq-e-am-sbmcp hn[n-bmWv _lp. kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®n-´p-≈Xv'' F∂m-Wv.
At±lw Fgp-Xnb Cu Ah-tem-I-\-Øns‚ D]-kw-lmc`mKw Rm≥ ChnsS ho≠pw A\pkva-cn-∏n-°-s´.
hnhmZ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ°v apXn-cpw-aptº tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv Cu ]gb
teJ\w Hcp Bh¿Øn hmbn-®m¬ At±-l-Øn\v kzbw hfsc \nb-{¥n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw
F∂m-sWs‚ ]£w. ImtXm-en°m ]£sØ kzb {]Jym-]nX {]iwkm hnZ-Kv[-∑m-cmbn
cwKØp hcp∂ ICON tamUtd-‰¿am¿°pw tPmkv ]pfn-tb-cn¬, ]n. tXma-kv, tPm¿Pn
_mwKvfq¿ hsc-bp≈ ICON t^mdØnse {]iwkm hnZ-KvZ-∑mcpw Cu teJ\w apgp-h-
\mbpw H∂p hmbn-®p-t\m-°p-hm≥ At]-£. aqe-bn¬ Ipcym-t°mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏
kam-l-cn®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ""Ch¿ ]d-n-cp-∂-Xn-ßs\ F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ......?'' F∂
eLpIrXn t]Pv 39˛45 hsc ImWp-I. D]-kw-lm-c-Øns‚ tij-`mKw hmbn-°p-I.
""C°mcyw X°-k-a-bØv P\sØ Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-n√ F∂p-am-{X-amWv tJZw.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`mKw k`m-tbm-Pn-∏ns‚ Imew apX¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´n´pw A∂sØ k`mt\-XrXzw
AwKo-I-cn-°msX ]p—n-®p-X-≈nb ]e Imcy-ßfpw Ct∏mƒ tImSXn AwKo-I-cn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ P\-{]m-Xn-\n-[y-kz-`mhw, CS-hI kzØp-°-fpsS
kzmX{¥yw F∂nh Ah-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ hmgn-°-s∏-´mepw P\ß-fm¬
AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-SWw F∂v Cu hn[n-bn¬ hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okn-t\m-Sp≈
ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS Xpey-ÿm-\o-b-Xzw, ae-c k`-bpsS kzbw io¿j-I-XzhmZw,
kzX{¥ k`m-hmZw F∂o ItØm-en°m ]£ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ kp{]nw-tIm-SXn kwib-te-i-an-√msX
\nc-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Af-h‰ Icp-Wsb \ap°v al-Xz-s∏-Sp-
Ømw. kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn-\p-th≠n t]mcmSn acWw hcn® hn. ]nXm-°∑msc \ap°v ]pIgvØmw.
XpS¿∂p≈ Imcy-߃ sFIy-tØmSpw Iq´mb Btem-N-\-tbmSpw k`m kan-Xn-
I-fpsS Xocp-am-\-{]-Im-chpw ssZhm-{i-b-t_m-[-Øn¬ \ap°v \n¿∆-ln°mw''.
Cu teJ\w ]q¿Æ-ambn hmbn°p-hm≥ C‚¿s\-‰n¬ e`y-am-Wv. Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-h¿
Cu env t\m°p-I.
http://www.syrianchurch.org/Books.htm
http://www.syrianchurch.org/Articles/Ivar_Paranjirunathu.pdf
C{Xbpw Bap-J-ambn Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-bXv tam¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚ G‰w ]pXnb
FSpØpNm´-sØ-°p-dn®v H∂v {]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm-\m-Wv. h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\m´w
am{X-a√ Nm´hpw \√ hi-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn® tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv CØ-hW FØn-∏n-
Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS Ata-cn-°-bnse Hcp ]≈n-bnse c≠c Uk≥ IpSpw-
_-ßfpw Npa-X-e-bn¬ \n∂pw _ln-jvIr-X-\mb Hcp sshZo-I\pw AS-ßp∂ Hcp sNdp
kaq-l-Øns‚ h‡m-hm-bmWv.
]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS BXn-Yy-Ønepw kwc-£-W-bnepw hm’-ey-Ønepw
"kpdn-bm-\n-'°m-cpsS kvt\l-hmbv]pw "Kn^v‰p-hmbv]pw' [mcmfw "\pW--dnv' AhnsS
Xma-kn®v hi-Øm-°n-bp´p≈ kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnse Adnhpw kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bnse kwkmc-\n-]p-W-Xbpw
ssIap-X-em-°n-bn-´p≈ Ct±lw CØ-hW "Imjv' sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu
kn≤n-bmWv. "Xqtdmtbm' F∂ kpdn-bm\n kwkmc `mjm {]mhnWyw "kpdn-bm-\n-°m-c-
\mbn' Na-bp-hm\pw Ah-bpsS AwKo-Imcw t\Sp-hm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬
ChnsS {i≤n-t°≠ At\Iw k`m [m¿ΩnI {]iv\-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-®mWv Ct±lw
{]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
1. hna-X-cpsS kam-Kaw
ImtXm-en-°m-I£n F∂Xv kpdn-bm-\n k`-bnse hna-X-cpsS Hcp kam-Kaw BW-t√m.
AhnsS ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hna-X-cpsS Hcp Iq´m-bvabpw XpS¿®-bpamWn∂pw
\S-°p-∂-Xv. ÿm\-{`-jvS-\m-°-s∏´ A_vZpƒ avinl ]m{Xn-b¿°okv, apS-°s∏´
tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kv, tam¿ HutK≥ XpSßn tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv hsc F√m-hcpw
Cu ]´n-I-bn¬ s]Sp∂hcm-Wv. ImtXm-en°m I£nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kpdn-bm-
\n-k-`-bn¬\n∂pw ÿm\-{`-jvS-cm-°-s∏´pIgnm¬ Ah¿ k¿∆{X kzoIm-cycpw k¿h-
[m-]-c-a-tbm-Ky-cp-ambn cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-°pw. tZh-temIsØ Bÿm\ hnZzm-∑m¿ Chsc
hmgvØn kvXpXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw! Imep-am-‰-°m¿°v hfsc Bfl-\n¿hrXn e`n-°p∂ Cu
hymP-kvXp-Xn-bn¬ BIr-jvS-cmbn Ch¿ IqSp-X¬ D’m-l-]q¿∆w "amXr-\nµ' \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNøpw. Imen-t^m¿Wn-bm-bnse _¿_mv F∂ ÿesØ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS tZhmebw
Bbn-c-Øn¬]cw IpSpw-_-ßfpw a‰p-ap≈ Hcp kp{]-[m\ tI{µ-am-Wv. AhnsS
hfsc ka¿∞-\mb Hcp sshZoI t{ijvT-\m-bn-cp∂p c≠p-]-Xn-‰m-t≠mfw sshZo-I-\m-bncp-∂-Xv.
tUm. tPmk^v ‰m¿kn F∂ Cu ]n.-F-—v.-Un.°mc-\mb sshZo-I≥ ]fin-X-\mWv
F∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs‚ ]mfin-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v Ft∏mgpw "t_m[-'hm\pw Bbn-cp∂p F∂-
XmWv AhnsS XI¿® Bcw-`n-®-Xn\v Imc-Ww. AhnsS ]≈n-bpsS `cWkan-Xn-bp-am-bp≈
X¿°w ]n∂oSv AhnsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ h∂Xp Xs∂ At±-lsØ "sNdp-Xm-°p-hm-\msW∂'
Hu∂Xy `mh-Øn-te-bv°mWv At±-lsØ FØn-®-Xv. F√m kpdn-bm-\n-
°m¿°pambn At±lw Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Zo¿LteJ\w C‚¿s\-‰n¬ hmbn-
°p∂ B¿°pw CXv t_m[y-amIpw (tPm¿Pn tXmakv F∂ kam-[m-\-kvt\-ln°v CXv
A¬]mew a\- n-em-Ip-∂p-s≠-nepw tXmakv ]n. F∂ \n¿"hymP' I£n Xo{h-hm-Zn°v
a\- n-em-bmepw AXw-Ko-I-cn-°n-√. CsXm∂pw Bcpw hmbn-°-cp-sX∂pw i‡-ambn D]tZ-in°pw.
Cu Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ICON F∂ C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv C‚¿s\‰v t^mdØnse
Nncw-Po-hn-I-fmWv). Npcp°n]d-m¬ Cu Bbn-c-ß-fpsS CS-b-\m-bn-cp∂ ^m. ‰m¿Un
2004 ¬ kz¿§ob tk\-I-fpsS hngvNbv°v Imc-W-amb \nK-fhpw [n°m-chpw aqew kzbw
hoWp-t]m-bn. CS-h-I-tbbpw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sbbpw k¿thm-]cn ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
_mhm-sbbpw [n°-cn® Ct±lw k`-bn¬ \n∂pw _ln-jvIr-X-\m-bn. BZy-Im-e-L-´-ßfn¬
200 ¬]cw IpSpw-_-߃ Ct±-l-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-_‘w \ne-\n¿Øn Fnepw
2006 Ah-km-\-am-b-t∏m-sgbv°pw c≠v Uk≥ IpSpw-_-ßfpw GXm\pw Nne kplr-Øp-
°fpw am{Xw IqsS-bp≈ Ahÿ hscsbØn. k`-bn¬\n∂pw _lnjvIr-X-\mb Cu
ap≥ sshZo-I≥ "C≥Un-s∏≥U‚ v kndn-bIv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v C≥ Ata-cn°' F∂
"kzX{¥k`' Ct±lw ÿm]n-®p. hnizm-k-sF-Iy-ap≈ tIm]v‰n-Iv-˛-A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ XpS-ßnb
Hmdn-b‚¬ k`-I-fp-ambn Nßm-Øhpw kwk¿Khpw ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ F√m ]cn-{i-aßfpw
]q¿Æ ]cm-P-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bpsS Iogn¬ UamkvI-knse
skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Hcp dºm-®≥ Kth-j-W-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn
Nn°m-tKm-bn¬ Hcp ]Xn-‰m-≠n\v ap≥]v h∂p-tN¿∂n-cp-∂p. Kth-j-W-]-T-\-tØm-sSm∏w
Ata-cn-°≥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ kzmX{¥yw A\p-`-hn® At±lw "Zbdm' Pohn-X-Øns‚ Akzm-
X{¥yw Xncn-®-dnv k\ym-kXzw Dt]-£n®v in£-W-hn-t[-b-\mbn Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv anen-
Øn-tbmkv F∂ cmP-\-®≥ AtX tImtf-Pn¬ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xpw. Uam-kvI-knse
Xma-k-Im-esØ injy-Xzhpw Nn°m-tKm-bnse kl-hm-khpw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bpsS
in£-W-\-S-]-Sn°v hnt[-b-cm-b-h¿ F∂ s]mXp Ah-ÿbpw Chsc IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n-
®p. CtX Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-Øo¿∂ tUm.-tPm-k^v ‰m¿kn A®\pw CtX Iq´m-bva-bnse
AwKXzw kzoI-cn®p F∂Xp am{X-amWv "_¿_mv ioiva'bpsS BsI-ØpI. Cu hnaX
kam-K-a-sØ-bmWv ImtXm-en-°m-I£n Ct∏mƒ Db¿Øn-tLm-jn-°p∂ "alm-kw-`hw'
F∂ Cu Nmb-t°m-∏-bnse sImSp-m‰v!
2. Xriq-cns‚ B[q-\nI "anj≥' tamU¬
]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ssZh-im-kv{X-hp-sams° \∂mbn ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-´p≈ apdn-am-°n-e-®\v "Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv anj≥' Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v kmam-\y-
Øn-e-[nIw Adn-hp≈ Bem-bn-cp-∂p. sa{Xm-\m-bn-°-gn--t∏m¬ Cu [mc-W-bn¬ Nne
"B[n-]Xy' tImwπ-Ivkp-I-sfms° D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-am-{X-amWv [cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. sa{Xm≥
ÿm\-Øn\v ÿm\-\ym-tb\ D≠m-tI≠ kvt\lw, hm’-eyw, kuayX, ]IzX F∂n-hsbms°
kzX-kn-≤-ambn [mcmfw e`n-®n-´p≈ "[n°mcw, [m¿jvSyw, Xm≥t]m-cna' F∂nh-bpsS
[mcm-fn-Xz-Øn¬ Hen-®p-t]mbn F∂pw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Cu {]h¿Ø-
\-Øn-eqsS Xs‚ "anj≥ I¨k]v‰pw' Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv {]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw Imcy-ambn
ssItamiw h∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂-t±lw sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. amXr-k-`-bn¬\n∂pw
_lnjvIrXcm-Ip-∂-hsc Iq´n-t®¿Øv CS-hI cq]n-I-cn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-XmtWm
anj≥? "Ata-cn-°-bnse kzX-{¥-kp-dn-bm-\n-k`' F∂v km¬]n-I-ambn t]cp-am{Xw D≈
Hcp "k`'bpsS "CS-hI'bmbn cq]o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ "sk‚ v sPbnwkv' CS-hI Xriq¿ `{Zmk-\-Øns‚
"anj≥ sk‚¿' F∂ Ccp kz`mhw Fßs\ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. am{X-hpa√,
Ah¿ kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvk k`-bpsS hnizmk ss]XrIw kwc-£n-°p∂p
F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ "Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`' F∂ Xe-Xn-cn "k`bpsS'
P\-]n-¥p-W-bn-√mØ Xriq¿ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ "anj≥ tI{µ'amIp∂ kq{X-hnZy
H∂p-hn-i-Zo-Icn°mtam? Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bwKw Ign--e°w
"ae-c k`m-Zo]'Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hniz-kn-°m-sa-n¬ tam¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚
`{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ Bbn-c-Øn¬ Xmsg am{Xw AwK-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. AXv Xs∂ s]cp-∏n-®-Xm-
Im-\mWv km[y-X. B `{Zm-k-\-Ønse _lp-`q-cn-]£w sshZo-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ct±lsØ
Dt]-£n-®n´v h¿j-ß-fm-bn. Ah-cpsS hnb¿∏pw ImWn-°bpw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]WnX
Ac-a\ ssIø-S°n h®n-cn-°p∂ "anj≥' BWv At±lw Xriq¿ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \S-Øp-
∂-Xv. temUm-©-eknse "anj≥' {]h¿Ø\w F∂Xv k`bpw ]≈nbpw ss]Xr-Ihpw
\jvS-s∏´ Hcp sshZo-I-s‚bpw ]m¿iz-h¿ØnIfp-sSbpw hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ Al-mc
a\ÿnXn aqew ÿm]n-X-amb Hcp km¬]nI "k`'bpsS "Iq´'sØ Bin¿h-Zn-°pI
F∂ "anj≥' am{X-am-Wv. kº-∂-∑m-cmb kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS sa{Xm≥ _lp-am-\-Øns‚
kqN-I-ambn Ah¿ \¬Ip∂ "I\Ø' Ih-dns‚ BI¿j-W-am-Ip∂ "anj≥' em`w tem]w
IqSmsX In´pw F∂pw At±-l-Øn-\-dn-bmw. c≠p Uk≥ Ih-dn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ "Ihdns‚'
C≥Uy-bnse aqeyw Cu "anj≥' "the'°v {]tNm-Z\w e`n®p F∂pw a\- n-em-
°mw.
3. "Your Properly Shall be yours alone"
tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv Ah¿°v \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp hmKvZ-Ø-amWv tam¬Im-Wp-∂-
Xv. "Xm≥ Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ A[n-Im-cntbm A[n-]t\m Bbn-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂pw B CS-hI
`cn-t°-≠Xv Ah¿ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw' At±lw Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
Ah¿°mhiy-ap-≈-t∏mƒ am{Xw Xs‚ klm-b-߃ \¬Im-sa-∂p-amWv hmKvZØw.
XpS¿∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ Xs∂ {i≤n-°pI ""We shall be one people in
the syric orthodox faith''. Xm≥ Ct∏mƒ ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS
"sa{Xm≥' BsW∂v BW-bn-Sp∂ Cu sa{Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p Xt‚Xv "kpdn-bm\n Hm¿ØtUmIvkv'
hnizm-k-am-sW∂v! kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse AwK-a-√, ]t£
Fs‚ hnizmkw AXm-Wv. Ata-cn°bnse kº-∂-∑m-cmb kpdn-bm-\n-°msc ssIøn¬
In´n-bm¬ "kzØpw ]≈nbpw `c-Whpw F√mw \n߃°mImw' Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ am{Xw
Rm≥ h∂v klm-bn-°mw. lm! Fs¥mcp hn\bw! Fs¥mcp Xmgva!! ]t£ Cu "kpdnbm\n
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv'Imc≥ sa{Xm\pw Iq´m-fn-Ifpw tIc-f-Ønse km[m-c-W-°m-cmb
k`m-{`jvS-c√mØ kpdn-bm-\n-°msc ImWp-tºmƒ ]d-bp∂p \nß-fpsS ]≈nbpw kzØpw
F√mw Rm≥ (R߃) `cn-®p-sIm≈mw! \nß-fp-tS-sX√mw Ft‚-XmWv ! ]≈n-bn¬ Rm≥
`cn°pw \n\-s°¥m Imcyw? ]≈n°v ]Ww \¬In ]Wn-bn® CS-h-I-°m-c≥ acn-®m¬
ihw s]´n-bn¬\n∂pw X≈n-bn´v Ah-am-\n°pw! F¥m anen-tØmtk! k¿∆-i-‡-\mb
tUmf-dn-\p-ap-∂n¬ IÆv aßn-t∏m-Ipt∂m? aÆqØn Ac-a\ BcpsS "Property' BsW∂v
H∂v Nn¥n-°ptam? AXn\v [\w hybw sNbvX-h-tcmSpw CsXm∂v ]d-bmtam? sk‚ v
Pbnwkv CS-h-I-bnse hnIm-cnsb Bcv \nb-an®p? At±-l-Øns‚ CS-h-I-bmtWm "anj≥'
BtWm BZyw D≠m-b-Xv. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øbpw `{Zm-k-\hpw k`bpw C√mØ "CS-h-
I'bpt≠m? Xriq¿ sa{Xm-®\v temUm-©-ekn¬ anj\pw CS-h-Ibpw Iq´n-Ip-g®v kwc-
£n-°p-hm≥ {]tNm-Z\w \¬In-b-Xns‚ tam´n-th-j≥ ]®-∏m-h-am-sW-nepw I£n-_-e-
Ønepw sshcm-Ky-Ønepw Im¥mcn Xs∂-bm-sW∂v kzbw sXfn-bn® _¿W-_mkv Xncpta-\n-bpsS
km£yw [mcmfw aXn-bt√m!
"This will be a blow to the Patriarch' AtX! ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ "CSn-°m≥' In´p∂ Hc-hk-chpw
kmXzn-I-\mb _¿W-_mkv Xncp-ta\n°v t]mepw hne-s∏-´-Xp-X-s∂. tam¿ anen-
Øn-tbmkv apX¬ ‰m¿kn A®≥ hsc lrZbw Xpd∂v a\- n-em-t°≠ Hcp kXy-am-Wn-
Xv. \n߃ Dƒs∏sS F√m-hcpw sa{Xm≥I-£n-Iƒ°v tIhew "CSn-I´'Ifm-Wv. Ah¿
\nßsf kln-°p-∂Xp Xs∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ CSn-°m≥ \nßsf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥
th≠n am{X-am-Wv. CXv Xncn-®-dn-bm-Ø-h¿ \n߃ am{Xw! sshcmKyw Pbn-°s´!
4. ae¿s]m-Sn-°m-cs‚ kz]v\w
a°m-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ImWp-Ibpw {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ Hcp kz]v\am-bn-cp∂p
sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-cpsS hI-bmbn hmgn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh
At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv F∂ t]cn-ep-≠m-hpI F∂Xv! A_vZpƒ avinl apX¬ ImØncp-∂n´v
ssIøn¬ In´nb Hcp hne-s∏´ I\n-bmWv "^mZ¿ ‰m¿knbpw' GXm\pw Imemƒ]-
Sbpw! AhnsS siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw ip{iq-jn-am-scbpw "hmgn-®m°n' F∂v tI´-t∏mƒ Xs∂
Nne "Aev]-'Xz-ßfpw ]pdØv h∂n-´p-≠v. Ch-cn¬\n∂pw "sa{Xm-∑mcpw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
Xs∂bpw D≠m-bn-°q-sS-∂n√' F∂mWv Cu hI ImcWw! ]mhw a°m-dn-tbmkv Xncpta\n
Znhm-kz]v\w I≠p-I≠v an≠m-´-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bm-bn. Ct∏m-gnXm hn≠p-samcp
kz]v\m-S-I≥ cwKØv h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. B{K-lhpw kz]v\hpw ImØv kq£n-°pI! ae¿s]m-
tijw Bdmw t]Pn¬

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
9
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
aÆqØn am¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚ anj≥ ]cm-{I-a-߃ A©mw A©mw t]Pn¬ t]Pn¬ \n∂v \n∂v XpS¿®
XpS¿®
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
Sn-°m-c\v ]‰nb A_≤w hcmsX kzbw Im°p-I.
5. Bÿm\ hnZzm-∑m-cpsS BÀmZw
tIc-f-Ønse Hcp kZm Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv-˛-bm-t°m-_mb CS-h-I-bn¬\n∂pw ASpØ
ImeØv s]¥-t°m-kvXv-˛-dn-ssh-h¬ Iq´m-bva-I-fn-tebv°v IpSn-tb-dn-b-h-cpsS kwJy-tb-
°mƒ (DZm˛ tIm´bw Genbm IØo-{U¬) hfsc Ipd-®p-am{Xw IpSpw-_-߃ 20
h¿jØne[nIw hnIm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ Hc-®s‚ k`m{`jvSn-t\m-sSm∏w ]p-tN¿∂ kw`-hsØ-bmWv
ICON F∂ t^md-Ønse Bÿm\ hnZzm-∑m-cmb GtXm HIcp tXma-kpw
tPm¿Ppw tN¿∂v Hcp hnizkv]¿in-bmb kw`-h-am°n s]cp-∏n®v ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
XnI®pw Ah-K-Wn-t°≠ Cu \nkm-c-kw-`hw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ "hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I\pw'
Cu ÿehpw A[zm-\hpw sNe-h-gn-t°≠n h∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-°mcpw Ahcpw tam¿
anen-Øn-tbm-kp-am-Wv. "XpØp-Ip-Wp-°n-]£n' F∂p t]cp≈ Hcp sIm®p-In-fn-bpsS at\m-
`mhw AXns‚ Xqh¬ Cf-Ip-∂-tXm-sSm∏w `qtemIw apgp-h≥ Ipep-ßp∂p F∂mWv
k¬]w. tam¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚ `mhw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse "Ahn-kva-c-Wob-amb
Ncn-{X-Zn\w' BWv Cu "aqS-°s∏-´-h-cpsS Iq´mbva' \S∂ 2007 P\p-hcn 7 F∂mWv!
tIme-t©-cn-tIm-tf-Pn¬ ae-bmfw _n.-F.bv°v ]Tn-°p-hm≥ sN∂ apdn-am-°n¬ cmPs\
IqsS Xma-kn-∏n®v t{]m’m-ln-∏n®v t{ijvT ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-sb-s°m≠v siΩmi-\m-°n-bXpw
ImPm _oUn-bpsS hen∏w C√m-Xn-cp∂ Cu apdn-am°n siΩm-is\ _mwKvfq-
cn¬ Ab®v k`m sNe-hn¬ _n.-Un.Fw.-‰n.F®p-Im-c-\m°n ]m{Xn-b¿°m Ac-a-\-bn-e- -
b®v kpdn-bm-\nbpw ]Tn-∏n® tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhmtbm F√m ÿm\-ßfpw \¬Inb
]utemk ZznXob≥ _mhmtbm Nn°m-tKm-bneb®p ]Tn-∏n® kmJm {]Y-a≥ _mhmtbm
sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-tØbv°v hnfn-®m-°n-b-htcm H∂pw At±-l-Øn\v kvac-Wo-btcm B Znhk-ß-sfm∂pw
At±-l-Øn\v Ncn-{X-ap-lq¿Ø-ßtfm A√m-Xm-b-Xns‚ Imc-W-߃
Gh¿°pw Adnbmw. F∂m¬ Ib-dn-t∏mb GWn-∏-Sn-Iƒ Nhp´n HSn-°p-hm\pw ]m{Xnb¿°o-kns\
CSn-°p-hm≥ "CSn-I´' Bb Znh-khpw "Ahn-kva-c-Wob'amIp∂ a\-ÿnXn
am\p-jn-Ihpw arKo-b-hp-a√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mepw a\p-jy¿°pw arK-߃°pw am\lm-\n°n-S-bmIpw
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v "ss]im-NnIw' F∂p-am{Xw ]d-bs´! (]nimNv am\-\jvS-Øn\v
tIkp-sIm-Sp-°ptam F∂v kwi-bn-°p∂p).
]Ibpw hntZz-jhpw am{Xw han-∏n-°p∂ tXmakv ]n.°v Imep-am-‰-tØmsS ^mZ¿ ‰m¿kn
]fin-Xmt{Kk-c\pw kpdn-bm-\n-ss]-Xr-I-Øns‚ \s´-√p-am-bn-cn°p∂p. Ct±lw 2002
apX¬ hnL-S-\-hm-Z-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏m-sgms° kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bnse
{]iv\-߃ s]cp∏n®v ImWn-°p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp hSn am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. tXmakv
ImWp∂ kz]v\-Øn¬ ae-c sa{Xm≥ I£n-bp-ambn sFIyw Imw£n-°p∂ sa{Xm-∑mcpw
D≠v. tXmakpw anen-tØmkpw sF°Wpw ap≥ssI FSpØv ‰m¿kn hgn Cu sFIyw
D≠m-°n-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ AtXmsS Xocp-am-bn-cp∂ At\Iw hnXm-fi-hm-Z-߃°dpXn hcpam-bn-cp-∂p.
hwiob˛tZ-io-b-˛-kzbw io¿jI hmZ-߃°v ]n≥_-e-ambn ]d-n-cp∂
F{Xtbm hmZ-ap-J-߃°mWv Cu anen-tØmkv˛tXm-akv am¿ DØcw ]d-n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
anen-tØm-kns‚ Cusa-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ "hate mail' F∂ hnti-jWw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ "CSn'
At±-l-Øns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-fnepw sabn-enepw tN¿Øm¬ In´p-∂Xv "CSn-sa-bnepw' "CSn-\-S-
]Sn'bpam-bn-cn-°nt√? tam¿ _¿W-_m-kns‚ Cu "blow' hntZz-j-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p≈ G‰w
]pXnb kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. AXv shfn-hm-°nb anen-tØm-kn\v \µn!
tPm¿Pn F∂ "kam-[m-\-kvt\-ln°v' Iptd-°qSn bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-ap-s≠∂v At±-l-
Øns‚ Xs∂ "CSn-sa-bn¬' hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. At±lw hmZn®v hmZn®v hmZnsb {]Xnbm-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
1772 ¬ tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv bqlm-t\m≥ Im´p-a-ßm´v tam¿ Iqdntem-kns\
hmgn-®Xpw 1842 ¬ Gen-bmkv c≠m-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]me-°p-∂sØ sa{Xm-
®s\ hmgn-®Xpw h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n-bXpsams° alm-]m-X-I-amWv F∂mWv.
tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-as\ hmgn-®tXm ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\nsb hmgn-®tXm
A_vZpƒ Peo¬ _mh `c-W-{I-ao-I-cWw \n¿∆-ln-®tXm H∂pw Ip‰-ambn ImWp-∂n-√,
`mKyw? F¥mWv Cu hmZ-ß-fpsS Npcp°w? tam¿ anen-tØmkv ChnsS CS-s]-´Xv icnbm-bn√
F∂p Xs∂-bt√? Cu ]{X-`m-j-bpsS s]mcpƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {]tXyI kn≤n
thWw. F∂m¬ ^mZ¿ ‰m¿kn CXm Ct±-l-Øn\pw k¿hm-cm-[y-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p! skan-
\m-cnbpw Kth-j-W-tI-{µhpw F√mw F√mw Ct±lw hgn am{Xw! a.-H. k`bv°v ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mh sNbvXp-sIm-SpØ Cu kpIr-X-Øn-\p-th≠n Fnepw _mhmsb _¿W-
_m-kns‚ "CSn'bn¬\n∂pw Hgn-hm-°-cptXm? ]cn. _mh apS-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Cu
"alm-a¬]ms\' Ata-cn-°≥ `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v In´p-∂Xv? In´ptam? In´n-bm¬ ]‰ptam? Cu
CS-h-Ibpw hnIm-cnbpw kzX-{¥-ct√? Cu `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-∑m¿°v Ah-cpsS ta¬ sX√-
[n-Im-c-aXpw! F¥p sNømw. CsX√mw Hcp sshcp≤y Iq´m-bva-bm-Wv. tPm¿Pn°v NnesXms°
a\knembn-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øns‚ "unsolicited advice' Chsc Hcp hnet]-i-en\pam{Xw
D]-tbm-Kn°mw F∂m-Wv. HutK≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb ÿew am‰n-bm¬ Chsc
hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ hne t]imw Fs∂m-s°-bmWv kuP-\y-amb D]-tZiw! kq{X-Øn¬ Hcp
A_vZpƒ avinl ^ut≠-j≥ D≠m-°m-\p≈ X{¥hpw Ct±lw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p≠v ! Pnhn-
®n-cp-∂-t∏mgpw acn-®-ti-jhpw Hcp A\p-bm-bnsb t]mepw In´m-Xn-cp∂ Cu lX-`m-Ky-\pth≠n
]Øv kpdn-bm-\n-°msc "shS-°m°n' FSp-°p-hm-\p≈ Iui-e-Øn-\p≈ t]cmtWm
"kam-[m-\-kvt\ln' F∂Xv! tXmakv ]n.-F∂ alm-flmhv \¬Ip∂ as‰mcp D]-tZiw AXn-
{i-≤m¿l-am-Wv. "hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥' hmbn-°p-∂-h¿°v kwi-b-ap-≠m-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠v
At±lw ]d-bmsX ]d-bp-∂p- \n-߃ as‰m∂pw hmbn-°-cpXv! IppÆn amjv ]d-Xv
ad-°-cpXv! hmbn-®n-s√-n¬ hfbpw! Cu hf-b-emWv tXmakv amjn\v IuXpIw! At±-l-
Øns‚ Xs‚ as‰mcp D]-tZiw tIƒ°p-I, "Our responsibility is not follow allegations, but
what H.H. Catholicose and our Metropolitans accepted' Cu Hcp D]-tZiw h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta-
\n°pw Cu anen-tØmkv Xncpta\n-°pw AXXp ka-bØv sImSp-°p-hm≥ Cu tXmakv
amjv AhscmØv D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ Cu k`-bpsS KXn F{X hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-t∂s\!
]t£ F¥p sNømw Cu tXmakv amjv ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m{Xnb¿°o-kn\v
Xcw In´p-tºm-sgms° "CSn-sa-bn¬' sImSpØv kwXr]vXn AS-bp-hm-\m-Wv.
Cuiztcm c£Xp!
6. kmº-ØnI hnjbw
tam¿ anen-tØm-kns‚ kzb-\ym-bo-I-cW 'CSn-sa-bn-en¬' Hcp A\p-_-‘-°p-dn-∏p-IqSn
D≠v. \ΩpsS t^md-Øns‚ t]cp-]-d-bmsX Hcp "hntZz-j-sa-bn¬' F∂ t]cn¬ Bt£-]n-
°p-∂p-ap-≠v. At±lw FgpXn X≈-s∏´ tIkm-sW∂ t_m[yhpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠v. At±lsØ
shdpsX hnSm≥]m-Snt√? F∂pw tNmZn®v Hcp tNmZy-h¿j-amWv \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. HutK≥ Xncp-ta\n tiJ-cn® 6 Zi-e£w tUmf¿ FhnsS? Ggp-amkw At±lw
`{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw amdn-\n-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v? _¿_mv ]≈n F∂ hen-b-]≈n am{Xat√
Cu `{Zm-k\w? ss\Po-cn-bm-bn-tebv°v 28 Zi-e£w tUmf¿ IS-Øn-bnt√? ioiIv
Xncp-ta\n 82000 bqtdm IS-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX-¥n\v? ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ioiIv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
icocw t]mÃvtam¿´w \S-Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xv F¥p-sIm≠v? XpSßn hmfqcn \mep-
]mSpw sh´n-hoin hoc-\mbn \n¬°p∂ Cu anen-tØmkv ]t£ Hcp Imcyw ad-∂p-t]mbn.
At±lw Xs∂ Xpd∂p XpS¿∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv
kndn-b≥ k`-bnse sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ BWv.... Rm≥ Ah-tcm-Sp-am{Xw adp-]Sn ]d-bp-hm≥
_m[y-ÿ-\mWv F∂v? F¥m Xncp-ta\n Cu tNmZy-߃ Hs° a.-H. k`m Imcy-ß-fmtWm?
Cu k`sb h©n®v Imep-hmcn ]pdØp t]mbn´v ˛ Cu k`mw-K-߃ \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-
Ifpw kºm-Zy-ßfpw X´n-am-‰n-bn´v ˛ kz¥-°m-scbpw kvt\ln-X-scbpw Bth-i-tØmsS
]Tn-∏n® aqey-ß-sfbpw XyPn®v amdn-\n∂v "Rm≥ a.-H. k`-bnse sa{Xm-\mWv' \n߃s°-
¥p-Imcyw F∂v tNmZn-°p∂ "XnÆ-an-Sp°v' A]-lm-ky-am-Wv. Aßv tNmZn-°p∂ Cu tNmZy߃
a.-H. k`m kw_-‘-am-bmtWm? Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp∂ Zi-e-£-ß-fpsS tUmf¿ kºm-
Zy-߃ I_-fn-∏n-°-s∏´p F∂v hmZ-Øn\v ]d-m¬t]mepw Ah-sb√mw AXn-Po-hn-°phm≥
Ah¿°v Ign-t√m? B P\-ß-fn¬ Hc-®\pw c≠v Uk≥ IpSpw-_-ßfpw Hgn-®p-
≈-h¿°pw Ct∏mƒ Atßbv°pw Hgn®v a‰p-≈-h¿°pw AsXmcp {]iv\-a-s√-n¬ Cu
tNmZy-h-gn-bpsS Dt±iw as‰mcp "ASn' sImSp-°¬ am{X-at√? ]mep X∂ ssIbv°v ISn-
°p∂ t]bv ]nSn® \mbpsS Ipc t]mep≈ Cu tNmZy-߃ t]bv hnj-tØ-°mƒ ITn-
\hpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-hp-am-Wv. t]hn-j-_m[bv°v acp-∂n-√t√m Xncp-ta\n! ioiIv Xncp-ta-\nbpsS
acWw Akz-`m-hn-I-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw "Ht´m]vkn'°v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv kΩ-Xn-®n√
F∂pw ]d-bp∂ anen-tØmkv Xeßpw hneßpw "ISn'°phm\pw "ASn'°phm-\p-am-WnhnsS
{ian-°p-∂-Xv. Akz-`m-hnI acWw tlm´¬ apdn-bn¬ \S-∂m¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]d-
m¬ P¿Ω≥ t]meokv Hmt´m]vkn Dt]-£n°pw F∂p ]d--Xp-sIm≠v A¬]w
Bizmkw tXm∂p-∂p. H∂p-In¬ Cu ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v P¿Ω≥ t]meo-kn-s\-t]mepw
kzm[o-\n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p∂ alXzw D≠v. As√-n¬ P¿Ω≥ t]meokv kzm[o\ hnt[b-cm-Wv.
AXp-a-s√-n¬ tam¿ anen-Øn-tbm-kns‚ Cu "ISn' tIhew Hcp "ASn' am{X-am-
Wv. bmYm¿∞yw Fs¥∂v ]mI-Xbpw hnth-Ihpw D≈-h¿ kzbw Xocp-am-\n-°s´! am{Xhp-a-√,
k`-bn¬ \n∂pw kzbw ]pd-Øp-t]mb anentØmkn\v CtX-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-hm≥
kz¥w hmZ-ap-J-{]-Imcw Xs∂ F¥v Imcyw?
7. hnI-e-amb Ncn-{Xm-h-tem-I\w
tam¿ anen-tØm-kns‚ "ASn-sa-bnen'\v Hcp Ncn-{Xm-apJw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. ""am¿ tXmam-
«olm ÿm]n® ae--c-k` XtP-inb k`bpw ]uc-kvXy-k-`-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]e-t∏m-gmbn
klmbw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. t]¿jy≥ At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-Ifpw CXn¬s]Spw. ]uckvXy
coXn-I-fn¬ ]cn-N-bn-®n-cp∂ \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ItØm-en-°m-[n-]-XysØ sNdp-°p-hm≥
]uc-kvXy-k-`-I-tfm-S-t]-£n®p. At¥ym-Jy≥ k` klm-bn-®p. kt¥m-j-tØmsS \mw
Ahsc kzoI-cn®v Ah-cpsS ssZh-im-kv{Xw, Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw a‰v BNm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ kzmb-
Ø-am-°n. ]n∂oSv At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂-h¿ `c-W-\n-b-{¥-W-߃ \ΩpsS
ta¬ Npa-Øn. \qdp-h¿jØne-[n-I-ambn XpS-cp∂ tIkp-Iƒ Cu ]cn-{i-a-tØm-Sp≈
\ΩpsS FXn¿∏m-Wv. \ap°v ka-tbm-Nn-X-amb Ah-cpsS klm-b-Øn\v \µn Ds≠-nepw
\ΩpsS tZio-b, hwio-b, kmwkvIm-cnI {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ H∂pw Xs∂ ASn-b-d-h-bv°phm\pw
km[y-a-√''. Bcpw kwi-bn-°-cpXv CXv aÆqØn tam¿ anen-tØmkv 2007 P\p-hcn
amkmZyw Fgp-Xnb "Ncn{X' kqN-\-bm-Wv. CXnse Ncn{X hnI-e-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°phm≥
ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ 1998 hsc A®-\mbpw sshZo-[ym-]-I-\mbpw sa{Xm-
\mbpw kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bn¬ \n∂ ImeØv Cu Ncn-{X-t_m[w Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? AtXm
s]¥n-t°m-kvXp-Im-c≥ shfn-]m-Sp-≠mbn apßn-s]m-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse Nne hy‡n-I-tfm-Sp≈
sshcmKyw aqØv ImtXm-en-°m-I-£n-bn¬ apßn-s]mßnb-t∏m-gp-≠mb shfn-]m-SmtWm
Cu Ncn-{Xm-`mkw? Xt±-iob k`-bmWv, Ing-°≥ k`-I-fp-ambn _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p, A¥tbm-Jy≥
k`-bp-ambpw t]¿jy≥ k`-bp-ambpw (t]¿jy-bnse GXv k` F∂v hy‡-am-
°n-bn-´n√) _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p, ]uckvXy k`-I-fn-te-s°-gp-Xn, At¥ym-Jy¿ h∂p, F√mw
kzoI-cn-®p, \µn-bp-≠v, AXn-{I-a-ßsf sNdp-Øp, \qdp-sIm-√sØ sNdp-Øp-\n¬]v
Fs∂ms° Xmf-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Cu \mWw-sI´ Ncn-{X-hn-h-c-W-°m-c≥ 1998 hsc hnizkn-®Xpw
]Tn-∏n-®Xpw Hs° H‰ Dd-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ X≈n-∏-d--Xn\v F¥v hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-
Wp-≈-sX∂v hy‡-am-°mtam? H∂p-In¬ 1998 hsc a\-km-£nsb h©n®v thjw sI´n
Pohn-®p. As√-n¬ 1998 \v tijw a.-H.-kp.-Imsc h©n®v thjw sI´n Ahsc NqjWw
sNøp-∂p. CXn¬ c≠n¬ GXm-bmepw Aß-bpsS sXmen-°´n A]mcw Xs∂! Hcp {]m¿∞-
\m-Ko-X-Øns‚ Hcp hcn sNm√-s´,
""a\- n¬ KpW-an-√m-Ø-ht\
\nt∂m-Sm-cp-KpWw sNøpw?!''
]cn-ip≤ _mh R߃°p-th≠n At]-£n-°-W-sa.

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
10
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw Zh-imkv{Xw \ΩpsS \ΩpsS \ne-\n¬]ns‚ \ne-\n¬]ns‚ {]iv\w
{]iv\w
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
Dn. Davis P. Thankachan, Student, M.S.O.T. Seminary
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
1. 1. ssZh-imkv{Xw ssZh-imkv{Xw ˛ ˛ Xntbm-fPn Xntbm-fPn
Xntbm-fPn
Xntbm-tfm-Knb F∂ {Ko°v ]Z-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Xntbm-fPn/ssZhimkv{Xw
F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ D¬`-hw. "sXtbmkv' F∂m¬ "ssZhw',
"temtKmkv' F∂m¬ "hm°v-'. AXn-\m¬ Xntbm-fPn F∂m¬ ssZhsØ-°p-dn-®p≈
imkv{Xw, ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv F∂n-ßs\
A¿∞-am-°mw. Hcn-°epw ssZhw a\p-jys‚ Hcp ]T-\-h-kvXp-h-√.
Fs¥-∂m¬ Xm≥ ÿe-Ime ⁄m\-߃°v AXo-X\pw kØ-bn¬
]q¿Æ-\p-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\ am[y-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ `mKo-I-amb Hcp
Adnhv km[y-hp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ F√m {InkvXob k`-Iƒ°pw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb ssZhimkv{X
Z¿i-\-ßfpw AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfp-ap-≠v. CØcw
hyXykvX ssZh-im-k{X Z¿i-\-߃ (ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ) BWv {][m-\-ambpw k`-I-fpsS
hyXykvX hy‡n-XzsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
2. ]m›m-Xy-˛-]u-ckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-߃
]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw {][m-\-ambpw kzbw \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øns‚
bp‡n-]-chpw _u≤o-I-hp-amb hni-I-e-\-am-Wv.]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZhimkv{Xw;
a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xv˛ Hcp-hs‚ ssZhm\p-`-h-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb {]Xn-^-e-
\-am-Wv. hnizmkØns‚ al-Xzhpw AXns‚ _lp¿kv^p-c-W-hp-amWv CXns‚ ImX¬.
_p≤n-tb-°mfpw [ym\m-flI B¥-cnI Z¿i-\hpw, _mly ImgvN-tb-°mƒ B¥-cnI Z¿i-
\hpw, ssZh-sØ-∏‰n F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ssZhsØ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw {ian-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
]uc-kvXy-k-`bpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw ]m›m-Xy-tcmSv th¿s]-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]uckvXy ssZhim-kv{X-Øn\v
DuSpw ]mhpw \¬Inb I∏-tUm-jn-b≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ssZhoI cl-ky-ßsf-∏-‰n-bp≈
AXn-{µob [ym\-am-bmWv ssZh-imkv{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm\n
k`-bpsS ssZh-imkv{X kao-]-\-߃ ]eXpw ]uckvXy k`-I-fpsS ssZh-imkv{X \ne-
]m-Sp-I-tfmSv tN¿∂v t]mIp-∂-h-bm-Wv.
3. ]m›m-Xy-˛-]u-ckvXy k`m ssZh-im-k-{X-Øns‚ hf¿®
]m›mXy ssZhimkv{X-sam∂v ]uckvXy k`-I-fp-tSXv as‰m∂v. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂l-tZmkv
(F.-Un. 451) eqsS k`-Iƒ XΩn¬ ]nf¿∂-tijw ]m›mXy temIØv Hcp thZimkv{Xw
hnI-kn-®p. Cu ]m›mXy Bflo-I-X-bpsS tI{µw P∑-]m-]hpw _Z¬ ]cn-lm-cam¿§-hp-am-sW-n¬
]uckvXy Bflo-b-X-bpsS Imºv ico-c-sØbpw `uXoI krjvSntbbpw
ssZh-\m-a-a-l-Xz-Øn-\mbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Ah-bn-eqsS ssZh-a-l-
XzsØ {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kz¿§ob hnfn-bm-Wv. ]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw hn.AK-
Ãns‚ Nn¥-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At±lw BI-am-\-k-`-bpsS Hcp F∏nkvtIm∏
Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-nepw BI-am-\-k-`-bpsS a¬]m-\mbn ]uc-kvXy-k` AwKo-I-cn-
°p-∂n-√.
4. C∂ns‚ A]-ISw
]uckvXy k`-Iƒ F√mw Xs∂ (bmt°m-_m-b, Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv, ae-c doØv,
a¿tØmΩ) At¥ym-Jy≥ Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw {i≤-tbmsS A\p-jvSn-°p-Ibpw ¢m v apdn-Ifnepw,
N¿®-I-fnepw ]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xn-eqsS Bcm-[-\-bnepw hnizm-k-Ønepw hcp∂ sshcp-≤yX \mw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.
]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ hnizm-khpw kvt\lhpw ic-Whpw ap≥Xq-°-tØmsS
ImWp-Ibpw _p≤nbpw AXn¬\n∂v D¤-hn-°p∂ bp‡nbpw c≠mw ÿm\-tØbv°v
X≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]m›mXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ CXn\v Xo¿Øpw hn]-co-X-ambn kw`hn-°p-∂p.
CXn\v Hcp ]cn-lmcw ]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn ]cn-t]mjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv.
5. k`bv°v X\-Xmb ssZh-imkv{X Z¿i\w A\n-hm-cytam?
Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-]-c-ambn Hcp X\na ImØv kq£n-°p∂ kaq-l-amWv kndn-b≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv
k`. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb X\n-abpw AXns‚ hf¿®bpw AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. ]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw s]mXpsh Bcm-[\m {Ia-Øn¬\n∂pw Dcp-
Øn-cn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. Imen-I-amb ssZh-imkv{X ]n≥_-e-an-√mØ Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw \n¿÷oh-am-Ipw.
Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw hnizm-khpw, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-km-l-
N-cy-hpw XΩn¬ _‘n-°p-tºm-gmWv ssZh-imkv{Xw bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Aßs\ hnizmk-Øns‚
Xe-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v A\p-Zn\ bmYm¿∞y-ß-tfmSv {Inbm-fl-I-ambn {]Xn-
I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ssZh-imkv{XmhnjvI-c-Ww. CXv F√m hnizmk kap-l-Ønepw imtkzmizmkw
t]mse XpS-tc-≠-Xm-Wv. aq∂pw \mepw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ D≠mb hnizm-k-kw-_-
‘-amb hnj-b-ßtfmSp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-´m-Wv. \ΩpsS Ae-k-{≠n-b\ ssZh-imkv{Xw
hnI-kn-®-Xv. CXn¬\n∂v i‡n kw`-cn-®p-sIm≠v ImenI {]k-‡-ambn ssZh-im-kv{XsØ
hf¿Øp-hm≥ C∂v km[n-°-Ww.
6. ]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ \ΩpsS ]cn-anXw OR
hnizmk kn≤m-¥-ß-fn-ep≈ sshcp-≤X
i. hni-I-e-\-ß-fn-ep≈ hyXymkw
a\p-jy-_p-≤n°pw bp‡n°pw AXo-X-amb ssZh-Øns‚ kzX-hpw, kØbpsams°
imkv{Xo-b-ambn A]-{K-Yn®v XXz-im-kv{X-ß-fn-eqsS kIe ⁄m\-tØ-°mfpw D]-cn-bmb
ssZhoI cl-ky-ßsf bp‡n-°-[o-\-am°n hm°p-I-fn-tebv°pw \n¿h-N-\-ß-fn-tebv°pw
am{Xw HXp-°n-\n¿Øp-hm≥ ]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw {ian-°p-∂p.
Eg:- St. Augustine (354˛430 F.-Un.) BWv kwhm-Zm-fl-I-amb ]m›mXy ssZh-im-kv{X-
Øn\v ASn-Ød ]mIn-b-Xv. At±lw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Cu ⁄m\-]-c-amb amXrI ssZhsØ-°p-dn-®p≈
Nn¥-Iƒ imkv{Xo-b-ambpw ssk≤m-¥n-I-ambpw cq]w {]m]n-®-t∏mƒ
ssZhw bp‡n°pw _p≤n°pw D≈n¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kXzw Bbn-am-dn. F∂m¬
]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw _p≤n-tb-°mfpw [ym\m-flI B¥-coI Z¿i-\hpw _mly-ImgvN-tb-°mƒ
B¥-cnI Z¿i-\-Øn\pw ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ssZhsØ Adnbp-∂-Xn\pw
{ian-®p. Ah¿ Hcp AXo-{µn-b-[ym-\-ambn ssZh-im-kv{XsØ I≠p.
ii. kwkvImcßfnse hyXymkw
kwkvImcßfnse hyXymkw Bflob Xe-Ønepw hni-I-e\ coXn-bnepw ImgvN-∏m-
Sp-I-fnepw F√mw hyXy-kvX-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-imkv{X \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw
hyXy-kvXamWv. ]m-›mXy kwkvImcw F∂m¬ tdmam ]´Ww tI{µo-I-cn-®p-≈ bqtdm-∏v,
B{^n-°, Ata-cn° apX-emb `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fnse kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. ]uckvXy kwkvImcw
F∂Xv tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m∏nfv apX¬ Ing-t°m-´p≈ cmPy-ß-fpsS kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. Bflob-X-e-Øn¬
Cu hyXymkw {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp DZm-l-c-Ww ]uckvXy k\ym-kn-Iƒ
ITn\ hrX-\n-jvTcpw kky-`p-°p-I-fp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ]m›mXy k\ym-kn-Iƒ s]mXpsh
amwk-`p-°p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS hrX-Im-Tn\yw ]uc-kvXy-cn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Wv.
iii. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ kw_-‘n® \ne-]mSv
]uc-kvXy-k-`bpw (s_k≥‚n-b¬ k`-Iƒ) Ah-cpsS ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw, tdmam tI{µamb
]m›mXy k`-bn¬\n∂pw ]ncn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {][m\ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂v, ]cn-ip-≤mflm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈
\nJym; IpkvX≥Xo-t\mkv hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Øn¬ ]m›mXy k`-bpsS
Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-I-fmWv (]m›mXy ssZh-im-kv{X-{]-Imcw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv ]nXm-hn¬\n-∂pw,
]p{X-\n¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw A\p-k-cn®v ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv
]nXm-hn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]p{X-\n¬\n∂v FSp-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬
]uc-kvXy-k-`-Iƒ sNm√p-∂p..... "]nXm-hn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´v, ]nXm-hn-t\mSpw ]p{X-t\mSpw
IqsS hµn-°-s∏´v kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Poh-\p≈ hnip≤ dqlm-bn¬ R߃ hniz-kn-
°p∂p').
iv. ssZh-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬ hnip≤ adn-b-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w
]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-ß-fn¬ hn. adn-bw, ssZh-am-Xmhpw c≠m-asØ BIm-i-hpam-Wv.
Ahƒ ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{Xn-bpw, ]p{X\mw ssZh-Øns‚
amXm-hpw, ]cn-ip≤ dqlm-bmb ssZh-Øns‚ aW-hm-´n-bp-am-Wv. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ kz¿§mtcm-lWw
]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb {]ta-b-am-Wv. a\p-jym-h-
Xm-cw, I\ym-am-Xm-hv, ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ amXrXzw F∂n-h-sb√mw hnhn[ kp∂-l-tZm-kv-˛-th-Zimkv{X
Un{In-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]m›mXy k`-I-tfm, ssZh-im-kv{X-ßtfm Chsb Imcyambn
]cn-K-Wn-°p∂pt]mep-an-√.
v. ]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ hyXn-cn‡ kz`mhw
A`n. ]utemkv tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ssZhhpw
a\p-jy\pw XΩn¬ \nI-Øm-\m-hmØ AI¬®-bp-s≠∂pw AXv avinlm-bpsS Ah-Xm-cti-jhpw
XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂p F∂p-ap≈ Nn¥m-K-Xn°v ]m›mXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬
{]m_-ey-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ ]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn Pohn-®-XpsIm≠v
\ap°v ssZh-˛a\pjy-\p-ambn GI-Xz-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw F∂v Nn¥n-
°p-∂p. AXm-bXv {InkvXp-hp-ambn sFIyw F∂v ]uc-kXy ssZh-imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-
∂p. "A`n-apJw' {InkvXp-hp-ambn F∂v ]m›mXy ssZh-imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Nne
]m›mXy k`-Iƒ "c£' F∂ A\p-`hw hy‡n A[n-jvTn-X-bn¬ Np°n, krjvSn apgp-ht‚bpw
\∑sb Du∂n ]d-bp-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-a√ F∂v hmZn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]uckvXy
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ k` apgp-h-\mbn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ {InkvXp-hp-ambn
GIo-`-hn®v ]nXmhmw ssZhsØ Z¿in-°p-∂p.
vi. IqZm-i-I-fpsS cl-kym-fl-IX \ntj[w
]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw k`-Ifpw IqZm-i-Iƒ°v D∂-X-amb ÿm\w \¬Ip-∂p.
Fs¥-∂m¬ Ime-tZi ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Pohn-°p∂ a\pjy\v {]Xo-I-ßfpw am[y-aß-fpw,
kt-X-ßfpw IqSmsX H∂pw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-I-bn-√. Ah≥ Pohn-°p-∂Xpw
Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]e {]m]-©nI kt-X-ßfpw {]]-©hpw D]-tbm-
Kn-®p-sIm≠pw Ah-bpsS `mK-am-bp-am-Wv. Cß-s\-bp≈ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ IqZm-i-I-fnse
cl-kym-fl-I-Xsb \ntj-[n-°p∂ Hcp ssZh-im-kv{XsØ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ°v
DƒsIm-≈m≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv.
vii. \nb-a-ßtfmSp≈ kao-]\w
]uc-kvXy ssZh-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ \nb-a-Øns‚ Im¿°-iy-Øn\v henb {]k-‡n-bn-√.
F∂m¬ ]m›mXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ icnbpw \nb-a-Øn\pw bp‡n°pw hnt[-b-am-
Wv. ]uc-kvXysc kzm[o-\n-®Xv ssZh-k-tµ-ihpw blqZ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-am-Wv.
viii. hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-tØm-Sp≈ kao-]\w
]m›m-Xy-ssZ-h-imkv{Xw hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn\v am{Xw AanX {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-tºmƒ
]uckvXy thZ-imkv{Xw hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-tØm-sSm∏w Fgp-X-s∏-´Xpw Fgp-X-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xpamb
At\I ]mc-ºcy LS-I-߃ IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. k`m ]nXm-°-∑m¿ cq]-s∏-Sp-
Ønb {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, {KŸ-߃, Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-߃, hnizm-k-{]-am-W-߃, kp∂-l-tZmkv
{]Jym-]-\-߃, Imem-\p-krX thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-߃ Ch-sb√mw ]uckvXy thZimkv{X
Dd-hn-S-ß-fm-Wv.
7. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ C∂sØ {]k-‡n
]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZh-imkv{Xw Hcp Pohn-X-ho-£-Whpw, Pohn-X-ssienbpw
ssZh-tØm-sSm-∏-ap≈ Pohn-X-hp-am-Wv. AXv cq]w sIm≠Xv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fne-√,
"I∏-tUm-jy≥' ]nXm-°-∑m¿ t]mse-bp≈ At\-I-cpsS k\ym-k-`-h-\-ß-fn-em-Wv.
CXn-\p-am-{Xsa Hcp km[m-cW k`m hnizm-kn-bpsS IuZm-inI Pohn-X-sØbpw hnizm-k-
Po-hn-X-sØbpw hf¿Øp-hm\pw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw km[n-°q. km[m-cW hnizm-knsb
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ imkv{Xob ImgvN-∏mtS _u≤o-Ihpw bp‡n-
]-c-hp-amb Nn¥t°m henb {]k-‡n-bn-√. IuZm-inI Pohn-Xhpw ssZhm-c-[-\-bp-amWv
Ahs‚ [m¿ΩoI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]n≥_-ew.
8. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmaqlyam\w
]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmaqly {]Xn-_-≤X AXp-ey-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn
hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ ssZh-tØmSv kwk¿§w sNøp-∂-bmƒ tIhew Hcp hy‡n-b√; Hcp
kaq-l-amWv ASp-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xv. Ip¿∫m-\-bn-eqsS ssZh-hpw kakvX kaq-lhpw {]]-
©hpw tbip-avin-lm-bn¬ H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hkvXphpw {]]-©hpw Cu sFIy-Øn¬
G¿s∏-Sp-∂p. A∏hpw hnpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mKhpw henb Hcp P\-X-bpsS A≤zm-\-
Øns‚ Ze-hp-am-I-bm¬ B ka¿∏-W-Øn-eqsS kI-e-kr-jvSnbpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬
ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ GIm-¥-hm-kn-bmb Hcp k\ym-kn-t]mepw hn. Ip¿∫m-\bn-eq-sSbpw
AXns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn-eq-sSbpw Hcp kmaqly am\-Øn-tebv°v DƒtNcp-∂p.
Aßs\ F√m Xe-Ønepw ]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw c£-bpsS kmaq-ly-am-\-
Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p.
9. ]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ImenI e£yw
ssZh-a-lXzw Z¿in®v hnip-≤n-bn¬ hf¿∂v Bcm-[-\-bnepw {]m¿∞-\-bnepw
k¬I¿Ω-ß-fnepw F√mw D‰n-cp∂v, F√m-h-scbpw Ah¿ BtLm-jn-°p∂ Znhy-c-l-kyßfpsS
`mK-`m-°p-I-fm-°pI F∂-XmWv CXns‚ e£yw. Aßs\ IuZm-inI Pohn-XsØ
A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-am-°-Ww. ssZh-imkv{X afie-Øn¬ kn≤m-¥hpw
{]tbm-Khpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn kwtbm-Pn-°-Ww. GXp-im-kv{Xhpw hne-bp-≠m-°p-∂Xv AXpsIm≠v
{]tbmKw D≠m-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-imkv{Xw C∂v tIhew XmXzo-Iam-°msX
Bcm-[-\-bnepw \nXy-Po-hn-X-Ønepw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°-Ww.
10. D]-kw-lmcw
]uckvXy ssZh-imkv{Xw Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bhiyw
Hcp hy‡n-bpsS A\p-Zn\ Bcm-[-\-sbbpw [m¿ΩoI Pohn-X-sØbpw XΩn¬ _‘s∏-Sp-Øp∂
ssZh-im-kv{XhnjvImcw kw`-hn-®n√ Fn¬ \ΩpsS k`-Iƒ shdpw kmaqly-kw-hn-[m-\-hpw,
kwL-S-\-bp-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw. \memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂
FhvK-cn-bqkv s]m¥n-°qkv F∂ k\ym-k-h-cy≥ ]uckvXy ssZh-im-kv{X-sØ-∏‰n
FgpXn "\o Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\mWv Fn¬ \o {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. \o {]m¿∞n-
°p-∂-h-\mWv Fn¬ \o Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\mWv'. ]uckvXy k`-I-fpsS {]m¿∞-
\m-{I-ahpw ssZh-im-kv{X Nn¥-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ KmV-_-‘-amWv \ap°v ChnsS ImWphm≥
km[n-°p-∂Xv .
]uckvXy k`-I-fpsS kºØv Ipgn-®p-aq-S-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, Bcm-[\m sshIm-cnI Xe-
Øn¬ am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sm\pw \mw A\p-h-Zn-®p-IqSm. IqZm-i-Iƒ ImgvN-bn-eqsSbp≈
shdpw Xr]vXn-s∏-S¬ am{X-a-√, hnIm-c-Øn\pw kwXr-]vXn°pw A∏p-d-amb Bflob XeamWv
]uckvXy {InkvXobXbpw, Bcm-[-\-bpw. skZvdmbn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse
"a\pjym \ns∂ ssZh-am-°m≥........'

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
11
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
Imew sNbvXm¬ ]ns∂ \ap°v kz¥w: Fw.-H.tPmW-®s‚ ]pXnb Kth-jW {]_‘w
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv H∂m-a≥, hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ tam¿ {KotKm-dntbmkv
F∂o Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ^m. Fw.-H. tPm¨ Xs‚
kz¥w ]{X-Øn-e-Sn-®p-h-n-´-Xv, sa{Xm≥]-£sØ Bfp-Iƒ BÀm-Z-tØmsS hmbn-®p. ]cn.
]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\nsb tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S-\mbn BWv Ct∏mƒ
sa{Xm≥]£w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn≥Iogn¬ ]cn. ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mhm-bpsS I¬]\°ƒ°-\p-k-c-W-ambn \ncWw `{Zm-k\ `cWw \n¿∆-ln®
]pWy-]n-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂t√m ]cn. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n. B ]cn-ip-≤s‚ Nc-a-i-Xm_vZn ]m{Xnb¿°okv
hn`m-K-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hn]p-e-ambn \SØn-b-t∏mƒ Agn-p-ho-WXv
sa{Xm≥]-£-Øns‚ apJw-aq-Sn-bm-Wv. ]cn. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\nsb am\-Øp-\n∂v s]m´n-hoW
Hcp ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn BWv sa{Xm≥]£ Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am¿ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn. ]cpae
Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn¬, B ]nXm-hn\v ]utcm-ln-Xy-ÿm\w \¬Inb
bqbm°nw tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh, ta¬∏´ ÿm\w \¬Inb ]cn. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mh XpS-ßn-b-hsc a\-]q¿∆w Hgn-hm°n, ]cn. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ t]cnep≈
]cp-ae skan-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpw ssIhiw h®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ tIm´bw k`m
t\XrXzw "Ccp-´p-sIm≠v Hm´ AS-bv°p∂' coXn-bn-emWv ]e-t∏mgpw Ncn{X (?) cN-\-Iƒ
\S-Øp-∂-Xv. ]cn. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\nsb sa{Xm≥ I£n-bm-°n-b-Xp-t]mse IS-hn¬-˛-h-ben-∏-d-ºn¬
]nXm-°-∑msc kz¥ I£n°mcm-°m-\p≈ Hcp ]cn-{i-a-amWv tPmW-®≥ \S-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. amXyqkv c≠m-a≥ _mh-bpsS ImeØv Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncp-ta-
\nsb sa{Xm≥]-£-°m-cpsS Hcp hnip-≤-\m-°m≥ {iaw \SØnbncp-∂p. Beph skan-
\m-cn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu aq∂v ]nXm-°-∑m-scbpw Xß-fp-tS-Xm-°n-bm¬ ]ns∂
"a\-km-£n-°pØv' C√msX I_-dn-se ]Ww hngp-ßm-a-t√m.
tPmW-®≥ Xs‚ {]_-‘-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Cu ]nXm-°-∑m¿
Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ncn-{X-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \n∂v Xs∂ ]pWy-kva-c-W-am¿l-cmb IS-hn¬˛hben-]-d-ºn¬
]nXm-°-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v hni-I-e\w \S-Ømw.
IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv H∂m-a≥
hS-°≥]-d-hq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n CShI-bn¬ IS-hn¬ (Iqc≥) Ahn-cm-bp-sSbpw
A∂-bp-sSbpw ]p{X-\mbn 1833 Unkw-_¿ 7\v P\n® ]utem-kn\v 1846 ¬ tN∏mSv tam¿
Znh-∂m-tkymkv tImdqtbm ]´w \¬In. 1854 ¬ bpbm°nw tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh Iio»m
ÿm\w \¬Inb-Xp-Iq-SmsX kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ ]mfinXyw t\Sp-hm\pw klm-bn-®p. 1870
¬ ]me-°p-∂Øv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ a¬∏m-\mbn
\nb-an-®p. \ho-I-cW Bi-b-°m-cpsS A[o-\-X-bn¬ \n∂v ae--c-bnse hnizm-kn-Isf
c£n-°m≥ 1875 ¬ FØnb ]cn. ]t{Xmkv aq∂m-a≥ _mh apf-¥p-cp-Øn¬ h®v kp∂-ltZmkv
hnfn-®p-Iq´n ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ae-c sa{Xm-\mbn
\nb-an-®p. ae--c-bnse {]iv\-߃°v {][m-\-Im-cWw Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ am{X-ap≈
Ah-ÿ-bm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°nb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh ae--c-bn¬ Ggv `{Zm-k-\-߃
cq]n-I- -cn®v 6 sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øn-∑msc hmgn-®p. kpdn-bm\n a¬∏m-\mb IS-hn¬ ]utekv
Iio-ivkm-bpsS kpdn-bm\n ]mfin-Xy-Ønepw, Ign-hnepw kt¥m-j-hm-\mb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
_mh 1876 ¬ Pqsse amk-Øn¬ dºm≥ ÿm\hpw, \hw-_-dn¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ
ÿm\hpw \¬In. C{]-Imcw ]mt{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bm¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ
ÿm\hpw tIm´bw `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\hpw t\Snb ]nXm-hmWv IS-hn¬
]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv. Aºm´v tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw
A-amen `{Zm-k\ `c-Whpw IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {ia-
^-e-ambn Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Wn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm°n 1907 \hw-_¿ 2
\v Imew sNbvXv Beph sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn.
IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Im-e-ØmWv \ho-I-c-W-°mcp-am-bp≈ tI p-Iƒ \S-
∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bn¬ \n∂v sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w G‰ ]me-°p-∂Øv
amXyqkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv ae--c-bn¬ FØn ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-
Øp. Xncp-ta\n \ho-I-cW Bi-b-°m-tcmSv A\p-`mhw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ `qcn-]£w
hcp∂ hnizm-kn-k-aqlw At±-l-Øn\v FXn-cm-bn. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v Iio-»sb
]m{Xn-b¿°m k∂n-[n-bn-e-b®v sa{Xm-\m-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p k`m t\XrXzw I≠ {]Xnhn-[n.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n ae--c-bn-seØnsbnepw
{]iv\-߃°v ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-√. ae--c-bn-tebv°v ]cn. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh
Fgp-∂-≈n-bmWv k`m-{]-iv\-߃°v ]cn-l-c-ap-≠m-°nb-Xv. C∂sØ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv,
ImtXm-en° I£n-°m-sc√mw A∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhsb Xe-h-\mbn kzoI-cn® Hcp
k`-bpsS `mKw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bn¬\n∂v sa{Xmt∏meoØ
ÿm\hpw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ]Z-hnbpw kzoI-cn® ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bm-bncp∂p
ae-c bmt°m-_mb IΩn-‰n-bpsS A≤y-£≥. ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v X∂n¬
\n£n-]vX-amb `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw ae--c-bnse s]mXp kzØp-°-fpsS `c-Whpw am{Xam-bn-cp∂p
D≠m-b-Xv. tdmb¬ tImSn hn[n-{]-Imcw ]cn.-A-t¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn¬
hmgp∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bmtem At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmtem D≈ sa{Xm≥
hmgvNbpw P\-ß-fpsS AwKo-Im-chpw Ds≠-nse \nb-am-\p-krX ae-c sa{Xm-\m-Iq.
]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhsb AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h¿ ae-c sa{Xm≥ F∂ ]Z-hn°v A¿l-
\√ F∂ tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[n ae--c-bnse _mh sa{Xm≥ ]£-°m¿ Hcp-t]mse kzoIcn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Imew hsc F√m-hcpw ]cn. At¥ymJym
knwlm-k-\-Ønse sNm√p-hn-fn°v Iogvs]´v GI-tbm-K-t£-a-ambn BWv \S-∂p-h-∂-Xv.
]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-am-cpsS I¬]-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-s∏´ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øsb
IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta\n AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv sX‰m-W-t∂m- C-Xp-aqew Xncp-ta\n sa{Xm≥]-£-
°m-c-\m-sWt∂m ]d-bp-hm≥ B¿°v km[n°pw? ItØm-en° k`-bn¬ \n∂v h∂ ^m.
A¬hm-do-kns\ tIm´-b-Øp-h®pw, ^m. sd\n-hn-em-Ønsb sImf-®n¬- -h®pw, ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mh-bpsS I¬]\ {]Imcw hmgn-®-Xn¬ kl-Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln-®Xv IS-hn¬
Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv.
tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ sa{Xmt∏menØ-bmbn Zo¿L-Imew `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-
Xn-\m¬ tIm´-bØv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-∑m¿ IqSp-X¬ D≠m-hpI kz`m-hnIw am{X-am-
Wv. B injy-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿ A[n-Im-c-{`-a-Ømtem ta¬]-´-ÿm\w e`y-am-Ip-hmt\m
sa{Xm≥]-£Øv Bb-Xn\v IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta\n Ip‰-°m-c-\-√. injy¿°v hgn sX‰n-b-Xn-
\m¬ Kpcp sa{Xm≥ ]£-°m-c-\m-hp-I-bn-√. ImcWw Xncp-ta\n kz]v\-Øn¬t]mepw hnNmcn-°mØ
kw`h hnIm-k-߃ BWt√m 1912 ¬ \S-∂-Xv. 1909 ¬ Imew sNbvX ]pen-t°m-
´n¬ Xncp-ta\n hscbp≈ ]q¿∆nI ta¬]-´-°m-cmcpw C∂sØ I£n hg-°p-I-fpsS h‡m-
°-f-√. h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n am{X-amWv C∂sØ hg-°p-Iƒ°v DØ-c-hm-Zn.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-]-cn. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k-∑msc A\p-k-cn®v
\S∂ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS IqsS-\n∂v `{Zm-k-\-`-cWw \S-Ønb Ahn-`‡ ae-
c k`m _nj-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]n≥Km-anXzw C∂sØ tIm´bw,
A-amen `{Zm-k-\-ß-fnse Ccp-]-£hpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhsb
Xe-h-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp∂ IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS bYm¿∞ ]n≥Km-anXzw At±-l-
Øns‚ hnizmkw A`w-Kpcw XpS-cp∂ Ct∏m-gsØ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øn-\mtWm
X-®≥ Beph
AtXm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhsb X≈n-∏-dv kzX{¥ k`-bp-≠m-°nb sa{Xm≥]-£-
Øn-\mtWm F∂v hmb-\-°m¿ Nn¥n-°p-I.
hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv
AI-∏-dºv ]≈n CS-h-I-bn¬ hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tXmam-˛-tim-imΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS
]p{X-\mbn 1899 Pqsse 17 \v tXmakv hdp-Kokv P\n-®p. hnZym`ymk\-¥cw A[ym-]-I-
\mbn tPmen t\m°n. 1937 ¬ siΩmiv ]´hpw 1939 ¬ Iio» ]´hpw Bep-hm-bnse
henb Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬\n∂v kzoI-cn-®p. 1946¬ ]cn. At{]w {]Y-a≥ _mh A-amen `{Zmk\
klmb sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Bbn hmgn-®p. Koh-dp-Kokv ta¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv F∂
ÿm\-\m-a-Øn¬ hmgn-°-s∏´ Xncp-ta\n 1953 ¬ Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncp-ta\n Imew
sNøp∂Xp-hsc klmb sa{Xm-\mbpw XpS¿∂v A-amen `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbpw
`cWw \S-Øn. 1966 \hw-_¿ 6 \v Imew sNbvXv Aeph sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn¬ I_d-S-ßn.
IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw ]pen-t°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw Ime-Øn\v tijw h´ti-cn¬
Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-c sa{Xm≥ ÿm\-Øbv°v sXc-s-Sp-Øp. Xncp-ta\n sshZo-
I-˛-A¬amb {SÃn-Isf Ah-K-Wn®v \S-Ønb k`m `cWw aqew as‰mcp `n∂-Xbv°v IqSn
ae-c km£yw hln-t°≠n h∂p. h´-ti-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ]cn. A_vZp≈ ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mh apS-°n. XpS¿∂v Zo¿L-Imew k`mw-K-߃ _mh˛sa-{Xm≥ I£n-I-fmbn
]ncnv tIkp-Iƒ \S-Øn. 1958 ¬ ae--c-bnse Ccp-]-£hpw tbmPn®v {]h¿Øn-°phm≥
XpS-ßn. F∂m¬ ]m{Xn-b¿-°okv ]£-°msc "HXp-°m≥' sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m¿ ]e
hnZy-Ifpw {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p. ]cn. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ bmt°m_v aq∂ma≥
_mhsb AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂p-]-d-bp-Ibpw k`m kam-[m-\-Øn\v XpcwKw hbv°p∂
\S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-°p-I-bpamWv ImtXm-en°m _mhbpw a‰pw \S-Øn-b-Xv. C°m-e-L-´-Øn¬
\S∂ Hcp kp∂-l-tZmkv ao‰nw-Kn¬ h®v ap≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-°msc Bt£]n-
°m≥ ImtXm-en° _mh \S-Ønb Hcp ]cm-a¿iw hb-en-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb £p`n-X-
\m-°n. ""Hcp-Xcw N¥ kwkmc `mj, _mh kp∂-l-tZmkv ao‰nw-Kn¬ FSp-°-cpXv'' F∂v
hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]dXmbn tI´n-´p-≠v. CXp-t]mse A`n-{]m-b-߃ sh´n-Øpd∂v
]d-bp∂ kz`mhw Xncp-ta-\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bm¬ kzoIcn-°-s∏´
ImtXm-en° _mh-bmWv 1958˛64 ImeØv k` `cn-®-Xv. 1964 ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh
hmgn® ImtXm-en-°-bmWv HutK≥ _mh. Ch-cpsS IqsS Xncp-ta\n \n∂p F∂-Xn¬
B›-cy-s∏-Sm-\n-√. ]cn. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bm¬ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´, ]cn.
At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhsb AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ k`m LS-\-bnse Hcp IÆn-bmbn-cp∂p
hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n. tbmPn® k`-bnepw hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
]m{Xn-b¿°m `‡n shfn-hm-°m≥ ^ne-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n (]n∂oSv t{ijvT _mh)
s°Xnsc \S-]Sn AcpXv F∂ tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv˛tam¿ ¢naokv Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS dnt∏m¿´v
am{Xw aXn (s]cp-º≈n Xncp-ta\n ae--c-bpsS Im¬ \q‰mWv t]Pv 160). ]m{Xn-b¿°okv
_mhsb AwKo-I-cn-°mØ am¿tØmam «olm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ kzX-{¥k`m
Xe-h-\mbn Na-bp∂ ImtXm-en° _mh-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ k`-bmtWm hben-∏-d-ºn¬
Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØpw 1970 hscbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv? 1966 se sa{Xm≥
hmgvN tIme-t©-cn¬ h®v tbmPn® k`-bnse HutK≥ _mh \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ]cn.-bmt°m_v
XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh Ab® AwKo-I-cW I¬]-\-bn¬ ss«loI
hmgvhp-Ifpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ tbmPn® k`-bt√ hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬
Xncp-ta\n hn`m-h\w sNbvX ae-c k`? C{]m-I-c-ap≈ ae--c-k` C∂pt≠m? ]m{Xnb¿I-Iokv
_mh-bm¬ hmgn-°-s∏SpIbpw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ A-amen
`{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS Bÿm-\-amb Beph skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ah-Imiw Dd-∏n-
°m-\p≈ KqV X{¥-Øns‚ `mK-at√ tPmW-®≥ hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb sa{Xm≥I-
£n-°m-c-\m-°n-b-Xv. Xncp-ta\n Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-n¬ ImtXm-en-°tb a‰m-sc-n-eptam
am¿tØmam knwlm-k-\-˛-kz-X-{¥-k`m hmZ-߃ \S-Øm≥ ss[cy-s∏-Sn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
ImcWw ae--c-bpsS "Dcp-°p-a-\-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p' hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n.
Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂Xv "ImtXm-en°m I£n' F∂ k`-bpsS ÿncw
kz`m-h-am-sW-nepw tPmW-®-s\-t∏mse ]mfin-Xy-ap-≈-h¿°v tbmPn-®-XmtWm? Bephm
skan-\m-bn-ep≈ DS-a-ÿX Dd-∏n-°m≥ C\n henb Xncp-ta-\nsb°qsS am{Xsa sa{Xm≥
I£n-°m-c-\m-°m≥ _m°n-bp-≈q. Aºms´ Xncp-ta\n sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v
Aß-bpsS ap≥Kman ]dncp∂p. F∂n´pw At±-l-Øns‚ amt\-P¿ÿm\w sXdn-®p.
hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-c-\m-sW∂v ]dv ]{X-k-tΩ-f\w \S-Ønb
A-amen klm-b-sa-{Xm≥ aÆqØn tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkpw ]pd-Øm-bn. A®≥ F¥mbmepw
Hcp ]nSn-IqSn IS∂v IS-hn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw sa{Xm≥I-£n-°m-c-\m-°m≥ {ian-
°p-∂p. Imew sNbvX t{ijvT _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mh s]cp-º≈n
Xncp-ta\n, Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n F∂o ]nXm-°-∑m-tcbpw A[nIw
sshImsX F.-H. tPmW-®\pw Iq´cpw sa{Xm≥I-£n-bm-°n-tb°pw. AXn-\m¬ bmt°m-
_mb k`tb "Pm{KssX!'.
Editorial Board
Very. Rev. Kuriakose Corepiscopa
Moolayil (Chairman)
Rev. Fr. Kuriakose T. Abraham
Thomas Daniel (Reji), Cheppaud
Chev. K.O. Mathew, Konkara
Dr. Thomas Joseph
Prof. A.P. Eltho, Appackal
Prof. T.C. Thomas Thandasseril
Nibu M. John Chennithala
John Philip Kottapparampil
Biju Kurian Mathew
Manoj Mathew, Aryadanpakkal
C.K. Joy
Aju Mathew Mundackal (Circulation)
Chev.P.V. John, Punnamattom (Manager)
Bibby Abraham Kadavumbhagom
(Chief Editor)
Internet Edition Owned and supported by
http://www. moradaistudycentre.cjb.net
Cheeranchira, Changanacherry 686106
India
Advisory Board
Chairman: Thampu George Thukalan
(Sabha Secretary)
Cammander George Mathew
Thekkethalackal (Sabha Trusty)
Prof. Chev. M.A. Paulose
Chev. K.V. Paulose
Dr.K.C. Rajan
Chev. P.K. Paulose Kooran
Ommachen Venkadathu
Chev. Moncy Vavachen
Rev.Dn. Dr. Paul Samuel
Dr. Sinu P. John
Baby Gleeson Zacharia
Chev. Thomas Abraham
Babu Maracheril
Babu Jacob Nadayil

hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
12 9
2007 2007 2007 P\p-hcn
P\p-hcn
\ap-°p-th≠n c‡-km-£n-bmb Al-Øp≈m _mh
hnizmk hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥ kwc-£-I≥
2006 2006 sk]v‰w-_¿ sk]v‰w-_¿
sk]v‰w-_¿
(sjh. sI.-H. amXyp, Iym]v‰≥ At¥ymJym hnizm-k-kw-c-£-W-k-anXn)
]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ Xntcm-[m-\hpw Iq\≥ Ipcnip
kXyhpw
ssaem-∏q-cp-\n∂pw tKmh-bnse Zfi-\-ÿ-e-tØbv°v
]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ I∏¬ sIm®n-bn-se-Øn.
At±-l-Øns‚ hc-hn\v ImØn-cp∂ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ hnh-c-adn-Xv
A¿°-Zn-bm-t°ms\ Adn-bn-®p. A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m\pw
P\-ßfpw ]-´-°mcpw IqsS GI-tZiw 25000 t]¿ XßfpsS
]cn. ]nXm-hns\ c£n-s®-Sp-∏m≥ sIm®n-t°m-´-bn-se-Øn.
At∏mƒ AhnsS 300 Hmfw ]dn ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ am{Xsa D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. C{X-h-fsc
P\-ßse I≠msd Ah¿ `b-s∏´v tIm´-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ°p≈ ]mew aS°n FSpØv _oc-
n-Ifpw Ib-‰n. AXn-\m¬ sIm®n-cm-Pmhv Ah¿Isf sN∂p-I≠v kSw Adn-bn-®msd
tIm´-bnse A[n-Im-cnsb hcpØn ae-bm-fsØ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS
bP-am-\-\mbn \n߃ XSp ]m¿∏n-®n-´p≈ B al¿jnsb Ah¿°v hn´p-sIm-SpsØ
aXn-bmhq F∂p I¬]n-®p. ]ns∂ ]d-n-Iƒ Fß-s\tbm cmPm-hns\ kzm[o-\-s∏-Sp-
Ønbpw sIm≠v B cm{Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ Cu ip≤-am-I-s∏´ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ Hcp henb
I√p-sI´n XmgvØn-sIm∂p F∂v kpdn-bm\n ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw a‰p Nne Ncn-{X-ß-fn¬
]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ ]d-n-Iƒ tKmhm-bv°-b®v Zfi-\-ÿ-eØv Ipsd-\mƒ A]mbw
hcpØn F∂ {]Im-c-as{X kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ C∂p-hsc hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv
(C´q∏v 115). Pmdn, ]tbmfn apX-em-b-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv tKmh-bn¬h®v Zln-∏n-®p-sh-∂-s{X.
CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ sIm®n-bn¬ IqSnb Ccp-]-Ø-øm-bn-c-Øns‚ a\-ÿnXn GI-tZiw
\ap-°q-ln-°mw. 1599 hsc-bp≈ ÿnXn-bn¬ \n∂pw `bw aqew hyXym-k-s∏´v tdmΩm-k-
`-bn-em-bn. A∂p-ap-X¬ ]d-n-Iƒ Xßsf ASn-a-I-fm°n hnNm-cn®p XpS-ßn. A¿°-Znbm-t°m≥
t]mepw ]oUn-X-\m-bn. Ah¿ kpdn-bm\n ]nXm-°-∑m¿°mbn Fgp-Øp-I¬
Ab-®p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kpw h∂p. Ah-cpsS apºn¬ h®p-Xs∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ IYmh-ti-j-\m-°n.
CXv sNbvX-h-cp-am-bp≈ k¿∆ _‘hpw Ft∂-bv°p-ambn hntO-Zn-°m≥
Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ Ati-jhpw a´m-t©cn ]≈n-bnepw Itºm-f-Ønep-ambn
kzcp-an-®p-IqSn ip≤ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ H´pw kwi-bhpw ssZh-`-bhpw IqSmsX
Adp-sIme sNbvXp-sh∂ Cu ]d-n-I-tfmSv C\n \mw tNc-cp-sX∂pw \ΩpsS A\-¥-c-h-
Im-eØpw Ch-cp-ambn C\nbpw D]-hnbpw th≠m F∂pw, At∏mƒ tdmΩm hg°w
{^m≥kokp sa{Xms\ Hcp-\mfpw bP-am-\≥ F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂-X-s√∂pw taen¬ ChcpsS
ta¬]-´-°msc Bscbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-X-s√∂pw am¿ C·m-tXymkv ]m{Xnb¿°okv
_mhm-bpsS kvXmØn-t°m≥ {]Imcw tXmΩm A¿°-Zn-bm-t°ms\ F∏n-kvtIm-
∏m-bmbn hmgn®v \S-°-W-sa∂pw \n›-bn®v B hnh-c-Øn\v Hcp ]Sn-tbm-ebpw Fgp-Xn,
F√m-hcpw IqsS GI-a-\-t mSpw ssZh-Øn¬ ic-W-s∏-´p-sIm≠v tase-gp-Xnb B≠v
(1653) aI-c-amkw aq∂mw XobXn sh≈n-bmgvN \mƒ a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ Iq\≥ Ipcn-in-¬
hey-Xn¬ Hcm-e-Øp-sI´n Itºm-f-Øn¬ Ccp-]p-d-tØm´pw \o´n IqS-s∏´ P\-߃ A{Xt]cpw
Cu Ib‰w ta¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v H∂m-bn´pw GI-kz-c-Ønepw ta¬{]-Imcw hmNIw
]dv kXyw sNbvXv ]ncn-p. (C´q∏v 116) CXmWv "Iq\≥' Ipcn-ip-k-Xyw.
tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvX-h-k-`sb eØo≥k-`-bm-°m-\p≈ {iaw
tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvXh k`-tbmSpw AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw DZm-c-amb Hcp
kln-jvW-Xm-\-b-amWv t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°p-≠m-b-sX∂v [cn-°-cp-Xv. t\sc adn®v tIc-f-
Ønse {InkvXym-\n-I-tfm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬t]mepw Ah¿ ssIsIm≠vXv aXm-‘y-
Øns‚ kp-NnX at\m-`m-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ
kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bnse {]m¿∞-\m-{I-a-amWv kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm-\n-`mj GXm-s≠mc-`n-im]w
t]mse-bm-bn-cp∂p t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°v. tIcf ss{IkvXh k`-bn¬ _m_ntem-Wnse
]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ A[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-]-Icw tdmanse t]m∏ns‚ B[n-
]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw kpdn-bm-\n-{]m¿∞-\-bpsS ÿm\Øv tdma≥ ItØm-en°m aX-
Øns‚ eØo≥{]m¿∞\ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI Xß-epsS I¿Ø-hy-am-sW∂v
Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p. eØo≥ {]m¿∞\m-{Iaw {]N-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ kPo-h-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬
Ah¿ apgp-In. Ah¿ eØo≥ ]qPm-hn-[n-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv ZuXyw {]N-cn-∏n-®Xpw ⁄m\kv\m-\mZn
hnip-≤-I¿Ω-߃ A\p-jvSn-®-Xpw. ]≈n-Ifpw k∂ym-km-{i-a-ßfpw skan-
\m-cn-Ifpw ÿm]n-°p-s∏-´p. 1541 ¬ sISp-ß-√q¿ ÿm]n® skan-\m-cn-bn¬ kpdn-bm\n
bphm-°-∑m¿°v eØo≥ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬In. sIm®n-bn¬ ÿm]n-Xamb
Pkyq´v Iem-ime Gsd \mfp-Iƒ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\v apºv {]kn-≤-amb Hcp eØo≥
tI{µ-ambn hnI-kn-®p. {InkvXy≥ bphm-°-∑m¿°v kpdnbm\n-`m-j-bn¬ A`y-k\w
\¬Im≥ tN∂-aw-K-e-Øn-\-SpØv ssh∏n≥ tIm´-bn¬ {]kn-≤-amb Hcp skan-\mcn \n¿Ωn-
°-s∏-´p. {]mtZ-inI ss{IkvXh kaq-Zm-b-Øns‚ aX-hn-Im-c-ß-temSv Im´nb Hcp kuP\y
_p≤n-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn. t\csØ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bn-em-bn-cp∂ eØo≥ {In-kvXym-\n-
Iƒ°pw, lnµp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw aXw-amdn h∂-h¿°pw-th≠n 1557 ¬ sIm®n cq]X ÿm]n-
°-s∏-´p. C°m-eØv Io¿Øn-s∏´ Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb sk‚ v {^m≥kokv tkhy¿
sX°≥Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ ktµiw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ωp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tN¿Øe
t]mep≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ Xoc-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ a‰v Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw CtX {]h¿Ø-\ß-fn¬
G¿s∏-´p. Cu ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ]cn-{i-a-Øns‚ ^e-ambn ]pXp-Xmbn eØo≥
k`-bn-tebv°v h∂-hcpw sIm®n-cq-]-X-bpsS `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv (1599)
t]m¿´p-Kokv ImeØv tIcf ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ G‰hpw
{][m-\-s∏´ kw`-h-amWv 1599 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ ktΩ-fn® DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kv.
"s\kvtXm-dn-b≥an-Yym-hmZ'sØ D∑q-e\w sNøp-Ibpw tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvXh kap-ZmbsØ
tdma≥k-`-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp∂p kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚
e£y-߃. tKmh-bnse B¿®p-_n-j-∏mb Ase-Ivknkv Un sa\-sk- ns‚ A≤y-£-Xbn¬
IqSnb kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ 813 {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ ]s-Sp-Øp. Ah-cn¬ 133 t]¿ IØ-
\m¿amcpw 20 t]¿ Uo°-∑mcpw 660 t]¿ Hmtcm CS-h-I-tbbpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®p h∂ km[mc-W-°mcpw
Bbn-cp-∂p. kp∂-l-tZmkv kpdn-bm-\n-{K-Ÿ-߃ ]cn-tim-Zn®v A\m-im-ky-amb
`mK-߃ FSp-Øp-am-‰n. ssZh-hn-cp-≤-{K-Ÿ-߃ IØn-®p-I-f-p. kpdn-bm-\n-{K-Ÿ-߃
]cn-tim-Zn®v A\m-im-ky-amb `mK-߃ FSp-Øp-am‰n. ssZh-hn-cp-≤-{K-Ÿ-߃ I-Øn-®p-If-p.
kpdn-bm-\n-Ip¿∫m\ eØo≥Ip¿∫m-\-bv°-\p-kr-X-ambn t`Z-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p. kp∂l-tZmkv
tIcf ss{IkvX-h-k-`bv°v _m_n-tem-Wnse ]m{Xn-bm¿°p-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂
kpZo¿L-amb _‘w hnt—-Zn®v ]Icw tdmw Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ t]m∏ns‚
B[n]Xyw ÿm]n-®p. eØo≥am¿§w kzoI-cn-®-h¿ sIm®n-cq-]-X-bnepw kpdn-bm-\n-am¿§-
Øn¬Øs∂ Dd-®p-\n-∂-h¿ A-am-en-bnse ]gb kpdn-bm\n cq]-X-bnepw Dƒs∏-´p. kp∂l-tZm-kn\v
tijw B¿®v _nj∏v sas\-sk v A©v Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X∑mtcmSp-IqSn
sIm√w hsc-bp≈ {][m-\-s∏´ ]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-®-tijw 1599 \hw-_-dn¬ tKmh-bn-tebv°v
Xncn-®p-t]m-bn.
Iq\≥Ip-cn-ip-I-em]w (1653)
DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ hnPbw \o≠p-\n-∂n-√. Gsd-\mƒ Ignbpw apºv kpdnbm\n
{InkvXy-\n-Ifpw t]m¿´p-Kokv A[n-Ir-Xcpw XΩn¬ cq£-amb Hcp hg°mcw`n-®p.
t]m∏v \¬Inb A[n-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn®v t]m¿´p-Kokv cmPmhv A-amen cq]-X-bn-tebv°v
bqtdm-]y-∑m-cmb eØo≥_n-j-∏p-amsc \nb-an-°p-∂-Xn¬ kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v
FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ kΩ¿±-Øm¬ Ah¿ t]m∏ns‚ B[n-
]Xyw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ t\csØ \n¿∫-‘n-X-cm-hp-I-bp-≠m-sb-nepw Cu FXn¿∏ns‚
i‡n Ipd-n-√. Ah¿°v kz¥w am¿§-Øn-ep≈ Hdp _nj-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿_-
‘-am-bn. tIc-f-Ønse kpdn-bm-\n-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS A`y¿∞-\-b-\p-k-cn®v _m_n-tem-
Wnse bmt°m-_mb ]m{Xn-bm¿°v tIc-f-Øn-tebv°v Al-‰√ F∂ Hcp kpdn-bm\n _nj-
∏ns\ Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. At±-lsØ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ ssaem-∏q-cn¬ XS-p-h-®p. Cu
hm¿Ø kpdn-bm-\n-tI-{µ-ßsf £p_vZ-cm-°n. kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kwLw tN¿∂v
t]m¿´p-Kokv A[n-Ir-X¿ Al-‰-√sb ap°n-sIm-√p-Ibp≠msb∂v Hcp {ipXnbpw ]c-∂p.
{]£p-_v[-cmb kpdn-bm-\n-{In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v a´-t©cnbnse ]gb Ipcnins‚
ap-ºn¬ XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. Ah¿ B Ipcn-in¬ Hcp \o≠ hSw sI´n AXn¬ ]nSn-®psIm≠v
eØo≥ A¿®v _nj-∏p-am-scbpw Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-tcbpw Hcn-°epw A\pk-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v
i]Yw sNbvXp. Cu kw`hw Iq\≥Ip-cn-inse {]Xn⁄ F∂ t]cnemWv
Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm-\n-{In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ae-ßmt´°v
t]mbn.
Bh-cpsS B¿®v Uo°-\mb tXma-kns\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn A`n-tjIw sNbvXp.
Cu kw`hw tIcf ss{IkvXh k`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\-_n-µp-hm-Wv.
CXns‚ ^eambn tdmam -kp-dn-bm-\n-I-sf∂pw bmt°m-_mb kp-dn-bm-\n-I-sf∂pw hy‡amb
c≠p-hn-`m-K-߃ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-bn. BZysØ hn`mKw tdmam-k-`sb
BZ-cn-°p-∂-hcpw c≠m-a-tØXv t]m∏ns‚ A[n-Im-csØ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. Ch¿
bYm-{Iaw ]g-b-Iq-‰p-Im-sc∂pw ]pØ≥Iq-‰p-Im-sc∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn-se-ßpap≈
kpdn-bm-\n-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS k`m-L-S-\sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Iq\≥ Ipcnip
Iem-]-Øn\p hºn® {]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°m≥ Ign-p. c≠p e£-tØmfw hf-cp∂ kpdnbm\n
{InkvXym-\n-I-fn¬ 400 t]¿ am{Xsa eØo≥ B¿®v _nj-∏ns‚ sshZo-Im-[n-]Xyw
AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bp-≈q. kpdn-bm-\n-Iƒ B¿®v Uo°s\ Xß-fpsS Htc-sbmcp B¿®v
_nj-∏mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ Iogn¬ kpdn-bm-\n-am¿§-Øn-ep≈ Bcm-[-
\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvX-h-k-`sb eØo≥k-`bm-°m-\p≈
t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS {iaw `mKo-I-ambn am{Xsa hnP-bn-®n-´p-≈q.
]cn-ip≤ henb Xncp-ta\n R߃°p-th≠n At]-£n-°-W-sa.
No^v No^v FUn-‰¿: FUn-‰¿: _n_n _n_n G{_lmw G{_lmw IShpw`mKw, IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿
]n.-H.,hmgq¿
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