Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

Robert Mroczek EFFECT OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON BASIC
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN POLAND
alias, from the rise of prices of the sold products especially in the markets of UE-15
states.
Conclusions
1. Mechanisms and instruments of the common Agricultural Policy for regulation of
the particular agricultural markets were employed to a varying, sometimes small
degree.
2. In the meat market, any intervention prices or payments to private storage have not
been employed; only payments to export of meat to third countries were supported;
in 2008, they were abolished. Increase of prices in beef market due to its export to
the EU market inhibited regress in beef cattle management in Poland. Accession of
Poland to the EU did not eliminate fluctuations in pork meat production.
3. High variations of prices in cereal market during the recent period had a global
character, which the European Commission was not able to cope with, due to very
small reserves of cereals in intervention stores. Customs duties and payments to
cereal export to third countries are the instrument which only partially affects
stabilization of prices.
4. Limitation of milk production (quotas) does not allow increasing of production
what, together with growing demand, causes a considerable increase of prices of
milk and its products. Since 2008/09, the European Commission has increased milk
production quotas for all the EU member States.
5. Reform of sugar market in the EU is aimed at limitation of its production. In
consequence, we may become importer of sugar (nett).
6. During four years since the accession of Poland to the EU, the following different
tendencies were observed in basic agricultural markets:
• cereal production was characterized by a big variability (from22 to 30
million tons) with the stable area of seeding, amounting to 8.4 million ha;
• milk production revealed a stable production (ca. 11.5 billion litres);
• in meat production, pork is still dominating, with the participation of 60% in
the discussed market;
• increasing tendency is demonstrated by the poultry, beef and veal
production.
7. Polish agriculture has become the beneficiary of Poland’s accession to the European
Union. Beside it, payments to products and production constitute more than 40% of
the farmer’s incomes.
8. The number of agro-alimentary processing enterprises, possessing licenses to export
to the EU markets in quickly increasing. At present, there are 1800 such enterprises.
From among these units, meat processing plants constitute the most numerous group
(more than 50%).
91