Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

EFFECT OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON BASIC
AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN POLAND
Robert Mroczek
Institute of Agriculture and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Warsaw
r.mroczek@ierigz.waw.pl
Key words:
Agriculture – common agricultural policy – production – prices
Abstract:
After accession of Poland to the European Union the following agricultural products
have been subjected to quotas (limitations) of sales: milk, sugar and potato starch. In
2004 – 2007, a considerable increase of purchase prices was recorded in the market of
cereals, milk and beef meat. The prices of beef meat increased mostly during the first
months after the accession of Poland to the EU. Increase of the prices of milk and
cereals occurred during the recent two years (2006 – 2007) what was affected by global
phenomena and not the changes in national demand and production relations. High
variability of purchase prices was found on the market of pork and poultry meat as well
as of rape. The participation of payments to the products and to agricultural production
in farmer’s income has been dynamically increased and they became a creator of its
income. During the years 2004 – 2007, payments constituted more than 40% of the
farmer’s income whereas few years earlier, they did not exceed 10%.
Material and methods
In the present paper, mass statistical data of the Main Statistical Bureau and information
on the number of processing enterprises, possessing the rights to export to the EU, being
found in the Internet page of the Chief Veterinary Office, were utilized.
1. Manufacture of the major agricultural products
Coverage of our agriculture with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) caused that
since the 1 st of May, 2004, the EU regulations of agricultural market are binding in
Poland. The following measures are utilized in regulation of the particular markets:
1. Market of cereals, feedstuffs and oil crops:
• market intervention (intervention purchase based on the system of intervention
prices),
• direct support of incomes (payments in a simplified system)
• system of foreign trade (system of export and import licenses, export refunding,
system of import duties and preference quotas)
2. Meat market
• system of reference prices,
• payments to private storage of meat (mainly of pork meat),
• export subsidies to three countries (suspended in 2008).
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