Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

Małgorzata Markowska INPUT AND OUTPUT INNOVATION TYPE IN CZECH, POLISH
AND SLOVAK REGIONS AT THE BACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE
in % of expenditure on R&D) in manufacturing industry, share of enterprises
receiving public funds for innovation in the overall number of enterprises,
expenditure on academic research and scientific centers financed by the business
sector;
innovation and entrepreneurship: % share of SME innovation in the overall number of
SME enterprises, % share of SME enterprises cooperating with other SME,
expenditure on innovation made by enterprises (in % of turnover), venture capital at
an early stage (measured by the share with reference to GDP), expenditure on
computer technologies (measured by % share in GDP), SME introducing changes
other than technological ones (% share in the total SME number);
In the OUTPUT dimension 10 indicators were collected in two groups, i.e.: applications
of innovations and intellectual property.
applications of innovations: employment in high-tech services (% of total workforce),
high-tech export –export of technically advanced products as the share in overall
export, sales of new products at the market (% of turnover), sales of products new for
the company, but not new at the market (% of turnover), employment in mid- and
high-tech manufacturing industry (% of total workforce);
intellectual property: EPO patents per 1 million of population, USPTO patents per 1
million of population, triad-patent families per 1 million of population, number of
new, common trade marks per 1 million of population, number of new common
industrial patents per 1 million of population.
At national level innovation measure is therefore based on 25 indicators. In Trend Chart
Innovation studies prepared for the European Union Commission on regional
innovation, in previous years (2002), 148 EU 15 regions were studied with reference to
7 variables, in the next year (2003) the analysis was extended to 173 EU 15 regions with
reference to 13 variables, while in the most recent report covering 2006 [1] there was a
come back to 7 variables due to the need for including new regions to performed
analyses – EU 25 (2008). The decrease in variables number resulted from the consensus
between the willingness to conduct comparative studies for as many regions as possible
and options offered by EU statistics. In order to evaluate regions’ innovation (NUTS 2
level) the following characteristics were indicated [1]: tertiary education graduates per
1000 population aged 20-29, share of population aged 25-64 participating in continuing
education, employment in high-tech services (% of total workforce), employment in
mid- and high-tech manufacturing industry (% of total workforce), share of public
expenditure on R&D in %, in total GDP value, share of expenditure on R&D in % in
business, in total GDP value, EPO patents per 1 million of population.
The procedure of innovation studies in regional dimension
Statistical data referring to the values of defined variables in both INPUT and OUTPUT
groups may be presented in the form of data matrixes referring to the below
descriptions:
55