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Małgorzata Markowska, Danuta Strahl CONVERGENCE OF GDP PER CAPITA IN CZECH, POLISH AND SLOVAK REGIONS AT THE BACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE 159,5%), Lubelskie (107 – 159,3%), Moravskoslezsko (119 – 156,3%), Opolskie (130 – 154,7%), Jihozápad (135 – 153,1%), Jihovýchod (137 – 153%), Severovýchod (157 – 147,9%), Strední Morava (187 – 143%), Severozápad (230 – 134,3%). The analyzed regions of the European Union NUTS 2 level were, both in 1995 and in 2005, highly diversified with regard to GDP per capita. It seems enough to point out that the region representing the lowest level of development in 1995 (Rumanian Nord- Est – 2968) had this indicator almost 13 times smaller than Région de Bruxelles- Capitale (38291,2), also in 2005 the relation was very similar and amounted to 12,5 (the highest GDP per capita for Inner London and the lowest again in Nord-Est). In the group of Czech regions in 1995 the due relation equaled 1,98 and in 2005 - 2,7, while in Polish regions respectively 1,7 and 2,3 and finally in Slovakia 2,8 and 3,4. Conclusions The conducted research facilitates the conclusion that in the period of 1995 – 2005 in the European regional space there occurred sigma type convergence processes in regional development measured by GDP per capita, with simultaneous occurrence of an increase in regional development level. The convergence intensity is better noticeable within the whole European space of NUTS 2 level, so the picture is clearer in the group of all 27 regions (group I), or 25 (group II) of EU countries rather than in just the studied ones, i.e. in Czech, Polish and Slovak regions. In the light of the conducted research it should be assumed that the developmental disproportions between regions of EU countries will become slightly smaller, while the Central European regional space covering The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia is becoming more and more polarized. This may mean that the regions of EU 2004 accession countries still present a diversified level of readiness for the absorption of aid funds, as well as opportunities for making the developmental processes more dynamic. However, it has to be noticed that the significant dynamics of capital regions in The Czech Republic, Slovakia and also Poland results in developmental impulses for the whole country, which establishes better relations among NUTS 2 level regions in the overall European space. References: [1] BARRO, R. J., SALA-I-MARTIN, X. Convergence Across States and Regions, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 1991 [2] BARRO, R. J., SALA-I-MARTIN, X. Economic Growth, MIT Press, wyd. 2, 2003, [3] BAUMOL, W. J. Productivity Growth, Convergence and Welfare: What the Long- Run Data Show, American Economic Review 76, 1986 [4] GAJEWSKI, P., TOKARSKI, T. Czy w Polsce występuje efekt konwergencji regionalnej?, „Studia Ekonomiczne INE PAN”, nr 1-2, 2004 [5] GAJEWSKI, P., TOKARSKI, T. Real Convergence in Poland. A Regional Approach, referat przedstawiony na międzynarodowej konferencji NBP nt. Potential Output and Bariers to Growth, Zalesie Górne, 2003 [6] GALOR, O. Convergence inferences from theoretical models, „Economic Journal”, nr 106, 1996 52
Małgorzata Markowska, Danuta Strahl CONVERGENCE OF GDP PER CAPITA IN CZECH, POLISH AND SLOVAK REGIONS AT THE BACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE [7] GAWLIKOWSKA-HUECKEL, K. Procesy rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej. Konwergencja czy polaryzacja? Wydawnictwo UG, Gdańsk, 2002 [8] GIANETTI, M. The effects of integration on regional disparities: convergence, divergence of both?, European Economic Review, 46, 2002 [9] KLIBER, P. Ekonometryczna analiza konwergencji regionów Polski metodami panelowymi, „Studia Regionalne i Lokalne”, nr 1(27), 2007 [10] PIECH, K. Konwergencja regionów w Polsce – wpływ funduszy unijnych, referat wygłoszony na konferencji nt.: Fundusze unijne i przedsiębiorstwa w rozwoju nauki i gospodarki, Kraków 2008, http://www.instytut.info/IVkonf/site [11] QUAH. D. T. Regional convergence clusters across Europe, European Economic Review, vol. 40(3-5), 1996 [12] SALA-I-MARTIN, X. Regional cohesion: evidence and theories of regional growth and convergence, European Economic Review, vol. 40, 1996 53
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