Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

Mirosława Tereszczuk EFFECT OF SUBSIDIZING EXPORT OF AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS ON
DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT AFTER THE ACCESSION OF POLAND TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
have also stimulated export of Polish beef as well as of Non-Annex-I processed
products (cakes, sweets, chocolate etc). Polish meat enterprises have undertaken the
adaptative measures as to the requirements of the EU at the appropriate moment what
affected a dynamic development of export after the accession. In 2004 – 2007, export of
meat and its products increased from 0,.7 billion EUR in 2004 to 1.7 billion EUR in
2007. Balance of foreign sale of meat and its products in the discussed period was
improved from 0.5 billion to 1.1 billion EUR.
At the moment of accession of Poland to the EU in 2004, Polish entrepreneurs equally
with the exporters from other EU Member States could export beef with refunding. The
rates of refunds on the discussed market were differentiated and they were found on the
level from 172.00 EUR/100kg (boneless beef) to 46.00 EUR/100kg (frozen beef). Such
high refunds on the mentioned market had the influence on the increase of Polish export
of beef meat. The highest sum of refunding was paid in 2005; it resulted from a very
high interest of Polish businessmen in refunded export of beef to third countries. The
discussed subsidies affected the price competitivity of Polish beef meat on the markets
of third countries. Our meat could compete with the meat exported by entrepreneurs
from other EU Member States not only in respect of price but also of quality. Since
2006, market situation has changed, the quantity of the refunded exported beef meat to
the countries outside the EU has been decreased; it was affected by lowering of
refunding rates. The situation was also greatly affected by high prices of beef on the
European Community markets where Polish beef was supplied. In spite of the fact that
it was not subsidized, it was competitive due to price, quality and health safety.
During the recent years, refunding rates were subjected to frequent and significant
changes. At the breakdown of 2006/2007, the European Commission suspended support
granted in a form of export refunds in case of export of certain agro-food products i.e.
among others, on the milk market. At the moment of the accession of Poland to the EU,
market of milk was entirely covered with refunds to export and the refunding rates were
found on a high level. On the 1 st day of May 2004, the rate of refunding for skimmed
milk powder (SMP) was equal to 35.00 EUR/100 kg and for whole milk power (WMP)
– 84.00 EUR/100kg. Polish exporters participated very actively from the beginning in
the mechanism of the EU support, what is illustrated by the sum of the paid refunds –
more than 75 million EUR (16% of the total paid refunding). In the half of 2006, the
European Commission suspended the support to OMP export and then, in January 2007
– to WMP. In January 2007, the Commission suspended refunding to the remaining
dairy products, i.e. butter and cheese. It had the influence on decrease of export volume
of milk and its products from Poland. In 2005, export of milk and dairy products to third
countries was equal to 141.8 thousand tonnes (50% was export with refunding), in 2006
– 106.0 thousand tonnes (40% was export with refunding) and in 2007 – 135.7 thousand
tonnes (15.2% was export with refunding). A gradual lowering of refunding rates on the
milk market by the European Commission until their complete suspension, has affected
the decrease of volume of the exported dairy products.
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