Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

Iwona Szczepaniak EVALUATION OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH FOOD PRODUCERS
AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
of the balance of foreign trade in agri-food products took place (the balance was negative
until 2002):
• global from 453.5 EUR millions in 2003 to 1970.2 EUR millions in 2007,
• with the EU-25/27 countries from 440.8 EUR millions to 2654.0 EUR millions,
• with the EU-15 countries from 193.1 EUR millions to 1456.6 EUR millions,
• with the EU-10/12 countries from 247.7 EUR millions to 1197.4 EUR millions,
It is very likely that in 2008 the decrease of the turnover balance will take place (global
to 1623 EUR millions and with the EU countries to 2298 EUR millions); nevertheless,
the turnover balance will remain very high.
Diagram 1 The results of foreign trade in agri-food products (in EUR millions)
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
-2 000
eksport
import
saldo
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008a
estimate based on the data from 8 months of 2008.
Source: Handel zagraniczny produktami rolno-spożywczymi. Analizy rynkowe. [Foreign trade with agrifood
products. Market analyses.]Nr 16-28, IERiGŻ-PIB, ARR, MRiRW, Warszawa 2002-2008 and unpublished
CAAC data. Author's elaboration
The mutual removal of all limitations in the access to the EU market and the necessity
of achieving compliance by the Polish producers with EU manufacturing standards
turned out to be favourable for the Polish food economy. The success achieved in the
foreign trade in agri-food products in the initial years of the Polish Community membership
is much greater than this predicted even by the most optimistic forecasts.
The competitiveness of individual sectors of food-processing industry is highly differentiated.
The analysis of the relation of export value of basic food products to their sales
value performed in relation to 2004-2008 period shows that the following branches of
food industry are among the most export-orientated branches: fish processing, potato
processing (including starch production), production of fruit and vegetable juices and
drinks and other fruit and vegetable products, pet food production, production of long-life
cakes, chocolate and other confectionery, coffee and tea processing, as well as production
of spices. In the subsequent years of our EU membership most of the abovementioned
food production branches maintained or increased the share of exports in their global
sales. At the same time it is remarkable that most of them were dependent on the imports
of raw materials.
The export orientation of the basic branches of food industry is similar to the average in
the entire food industry. They are following: meat processing, production of oils, margarine
and other vegetable fats, milk processing and production of sugar, spirits and to-
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