Sborník 2009 díl 2. - Fakulta informatiky a managementu - Univerzita ...

Luboš Smutka, Michal Steininger, Ondřej Miffek CZECH AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE
DEVELOPMENT
1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Miscellaneous edible
21
preparations
-3 973 -3 745 -2 101 -2 021 -2 512 -2 670 -2 407
Beverages, spirits and
22
vinegar
1 319 1 778 856 -6 223 382 1 043
Residues and waste from
23
the food industries;
-3 937 -5 000 -4 779 -5 852 -4 250 -3 995 -3 784
Tobacco and manufactured
24
tobacco substitutes
-1 214 -151 -156 -1 688 -1 313 -2 682 -1 624
Total -20 820 -19 817 -25 455 -32 296 -25 003 -34 195 -30 931
Source: Research Institute of Agricultural Economics in Prague
Its negative value is constantly increasing. During the last nine years the negative
balance of trade increased by almost 50%. We have a negative trade balance in the
majority of the monitored commodity groups (in the case of 18 from 24). The Czech
Republic has only a regular positive trade balance in the case of the following
commodity groups: 1) Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural honey; edible products, 2) Oil
seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, 3) Cereals, 4) Live animals, 5)
Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin and 6) Beverages, spirits and
vinegar.
In the case of other commodity groups (except for “Sugar” and “Lac; gums, resins and
other vegetable saps and extracts” – which are commodity groups with specific
development trends) we have a constant trade deficit. The following commodity groups
have the main shares in total agrarian trade negative trade balance: 1) Meat and edible
meat offal, 2) Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruits or melons, 3) Edible vegetables
and certain roots and tubers, 4) Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of
plants, 5) Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder, 6)
Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastry cooks products, 7) Live trees and
other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers, 8) Cocoa and cocoa preparations and
9) Miscellaneous edible preparations.
Conclusion
Finally, it can be said that the Czech Republic will be more and more dependant on
imports of many agricultural and foodstuff products. The negative trade balance will
always characterise Czech agrarian foreign trade. The Czech Republic does not have
convenient production conditions to develop an export oriented agricultural sector. We
are only able to produce a limited volume of temperate zone commodities, but we are
dependant on imports of many products – especially from the subtropical and tropical
zones. In the case of many temperate zone commodities we are not able to compete with
producers in other countries, who have better production conditions. There is only one
way to improve the negative trade balance development and to improve agrarian export
structure, and this affects foodstuff industry development. If we change the structure of
our exports (processed and semi processed products will replace primary production
with only minimal added value) and if processed products can increase their shares in
our exports, we will be able to partially improve the final trade balance and to stabilise
its value at a level between 30 and 40 billion CZK (at current value). It is in general
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