Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani 1919–1945 - Univerza v ...

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Slovenci v zgodovini in njihovi srednjeevropski sosedje, pub� V� Rajšp et al, Ljubljana 2001, pp� 373–390� J� CIPERLE: Avstrijska gimnazija na poti v splošnoizobraževalno srednjo šolo 1773–1848 [Austrian Gymnasium on the Path towards a General Education Secondary School 1773–1848], Melikov zbornik, Slovenci v zgodovini in njihovi srednjeevropski sosedje, pub� V� Rajšp et al, Ljubljana 2001, pp� 357–371� J� CIPERLE: Podoba velikega učilišča ljubljanskega, Licej v Ljubljani [An Illustration of the Ljubljana University, Lyceum in Ljubljana], Ljubljana 2001� M� DOLENC: Začetki veterinarskega šolstva na Slovenskem [The Beginnings of Veterinary Education in Slovenia], Zbornik za zgodovino naravoslovja in tehnike, 7, (Bleiweisov zbornik), pub� J� Batis and P� Vodopivec, Ljubljana 1983, pp� 113–136� H� ENGELBRECHT: Geschichte des österreichischen Bildungswesens, Erziehung und Unterricht auf den Boden Österreichs, vol� 3, Vienna 1984� G� GRIMM: Elitäre Bildungsinstitution oder »Bϋrgerschule«?, Das österreichiche Gymnasium zwischen Traditon und Innovation 1773–1819 , (Aspekte pädagogischer Innovation, Bd� 20), Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Vienna 1987� R� KINK: Geschichte der kaiserlichen Universität zu Wien, parts 1 and 2, Vienna 1854� G� KLINGENSTEIN: Bildungskrise, Gymnasium und Universitäten im Spannungsfeld theresianischer Aufklärung, Maria Theresia und ihre Zeit, pub� W� Koschatzky, Salzburg 1979, pp� 213–223� G� KLINGENSTEIN: Universitätsfragen in der österreichischen Monarchie um 1800, Wegenetz europäischen Geistes, Wissenschaftszentren und geistige Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mittel- und Sϋdosteuropa vom Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum ersten Weltkrieg, pub� Mack R� G� Plaschka, Vienna 1983, pp� 81–87� R� MEISTER: Entwicklung und Reformen des österreichischen Studienwesen, (Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 239/1), Vienna 1963� I� PINTAR: Mediko-kirurški učni zavod v Ljubljani, Njegov nastanek, razmah in konec [Medical-Surgical Educational Institute in Ljubljana – Its Creation, Prime and End], Ljubljana 1939� T� PUSCHMANN: Die Geschichte der Medizin als akademischer Lehrgegenstand, Vienna 1897� T� PUSCHMANN: Geschichte des medizinischen Unterrichts von den ältesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart, Leipzig 1889� T� PUSCHMANN: Die Medizin in Wien während der letzten 100 Jahre, Vienna 1884� J� SCHREIBER: Die Tierärztliche Hochschule in Wien, Ihre Gründung, Geschichte, Lehrpläne und Gebäude, 200 Jahre Tierär- 114 ztliche Hochschule in Wien, Festschrift, pub� R� Pobisch und O� Schaller, Vienna 1968, pp� 16–82� C� THIENEN-ADLERFLYCHT: Wandlungen des österreichischen Studiensystems im Übergange vom 18� zum 19� Jahrhundert, Student und Hochschule im 19. Jahrhundert, Studien und Materialien (»Neunzehntes Jahrhundert«, Forschungsunternehmen der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, 19), Göttingen 1975, pp� 38–43� W� UNGER, (pub�): Systematische Darstellung der Gesetze über die höheren Studien in den gesammten deutsch-italienischen Provinzen der österreichischen Monarchie, parts 1 and 2, Vienna 1840� F� ZWITTER: Višje šolstvo na Slovenskem do leta 1918 [Colleges in Slovenia until 1918], Petdeset let slovenske univerze v Ljubljani 1919-1969, Editor-In-Chief R� Modic, Ljubljana 1969, pp� 13–51�
The French Higher Education in Ljubljana and the Study of Medicine 1809-1813 I The French nobility living on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea during the reign of the charismatic French leader Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1814) [from 1804 Emperor Napoléon I le Grand (Napoleon I, the Great)] represent an especially significant era for the history of education even though it lasted only for a brief period of time� Revolutionary France first defended itself from outside attacks and inside revolts and then began its campaigns across Europe, including Slovenian territory� On its path, they more or less propagated the acquisitions of the French bourgeois revolution� Formally speaking, universities and faculties in France retained the form of medieval corporations until the revolution with the state not essentially intervening� In terms of content, they remained fortresses of scholastic mentality the same as throughout Europe� The revolution thus did not reform universities but in its radicalism abolished them or at least in theory proclaimed a general compulsory education, created a new secondary school, the école centrale (1795-1802) and after Napoleon’s rise to power in 1804 abolished this type of school and on primary level set up the college (a type of lower grammar school) and the lycée (a type of higher grammar school)� The entire system was fully formed in Napoleon’s Université Imperial (Imperial University) or Université de France or Université Napoléonienne, which was established in 1806 and obtained its final organisational form in 1808� Université de France was not a university in the modern sense of the word but a corporation which united all French public schools from primary to higher education and which was governed by the “grand master”, the minister of education, who was helped by the “University Council”� In terms of organisation of the school system, France was territorially divided into about twenty “academies”, which were governed by the academy rector and the Academy Council� All schools in the academy’s territory and not just the higher education were subordinate to the rector as an appointed government official� Individual higher education institutions again began being labelled as faculties and old functions and academic levels were being restored� However, these schools remained predominantly unconnected� This French school system was completely bureaucratic, higher education teachers were government officials and the care for primary schools and colleges was left to the municipalities� Compared to pre-revolution times, visible progress is also seen in the subject matter taught and in the existence of numerous secondary and 115 Jože Ciperle higher schools for individual fields� The French revolutionary secondary and higher education system was predominantly aimed at educating officials, officers and other professionals and not at nurturing science� In the history of European universities, revolutionary France thus did not follow those European countries which used bourgeois revolutions and the new constitutional organisation to reshape medieval university corporations, giving them a new university anatomy in accordance with the principle of freedom of scholarship and science� All subsequent reforms of the French higher education were however directed towards connecting faculties and strengthening their autonomy� II The French troops first came to our territory in 1797 and later in 1805� On 14 October 1809, the Peace Treaty of Schönbrunn meant that Austria lost Carniola, the Villach district, the upper valley of the Drava River, Trieste, the Gorizia Region, the Austrian part of Istria and a part of Croatia and the Military Frontier south of the Sava River� Napoleon joined these territories with Dalmatia and the Venetian part of Istria into the Illyrian Provinces� Illyrian Provinces however, were not established by a decree of the senate (senatus-consultum) but by Napoleon’s decree, which gave special character to their relation with France� Only some of the French laws applied and their education system was thus also not a part of Napoleon’s Imperial University� The Illyrian Provinces had their own school administration, which was led from April 1810 by the general inspector of public schooling and the main author of all school reforms Rafaell Zelli, the former Director of the Zadar Lycée� However, Rafaell Zelli sent his reports to the “Grand Master” of the Université de France in Paris� From spring 1809, when the French came to Carniola, until autumn of the same year, schools were closed� In the 1809-1810 academic year, classes in primary and secondary education began in November but still followed old Austrian rules� It is known that there was an Austrian higher education lycée in Ljubljana that offered a two-year study of philosophy and a four-year study of theology� It was not until Marmont’ Decree (arête) was published on 4 July 1810 that the new school network was established� The decree foresaw primary schools (écoles primaries), 25 lower (gymnases) and 9 higher secondary schools (lycées) and the lycées in Ljubljana and Zadar were to be organised as central schools (écoles centrales)� With the 1810-1811 academic year, central schools began operating in
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Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Lju
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Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Lju
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Predgovor Zdravje je za človeka na
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in dotedanjega značaja avtonomnih
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Mediko-kirurška študijska stolica
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Christian Albert Theodor Billroth (
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Naslovnica Albuma akademikov ljublj
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izrecno izjavila, »da po cesarjevi
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IV. V skladu s študijskim načrtom
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Maximilian Joseph von Chelius (1794
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l) sodna medicina: Johann Nepomuk E
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Klinična šola Ivan Zhuber, dr�
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Izredna predavanja Prva pomoč pri
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Klinična šola Alojzij Gaber, asis
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mag� kirurgije in porodništva�
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LITERATURA J� L� BARTH-BARTHENH
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Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de
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Naslovnica matrike ljubljanskih cen
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Franc de Paula Hladnik (1773-1844),
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Medicinska fakulteta v Ljubljani 19
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Dr. Albert Botteri, redni profesor
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1920 kot demonstrator, junija isteg
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ukinili Medicinska in Tehniška fak
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Leta 1936 je bila sprejeta Uredba o
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Študenti medicine pri vajah iz ana
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Študenti medicine v predavalnici,
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J� MILČINSKI, R� SEDEJ: Medici
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Daneu, Anton, Opčine pri Trstu Die
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Carević, Niko, Selca, Brač Cijan,
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Page 71 and 72: Rebec, Radoslav, Sv� Peter na Kra
Page 73 and 74: Abecedni seznam imatrikuliranih št
Page 75 and 76: Debevec, Franc, Železniki 63 Debev
Page 77 and 78: Ivaniček, Franjo, Dabci 61 Ivankov
Page 79 and 80: Lange, Hubert, Klosterneuburg, Avst
Page 81 and 82: Paljuh, Hermina, Maribor 66 Paljuh,
Page 83 and 84: Sinkovič, Karl, Hotinja vas 67 Sin
Page 85 and 86: Vodopivec, Milena, Sv� Križ pri
Page 87 and 88: Dolnja Lendava (Lendava) 64, 70 Dol
Page 89 and 90: Prvačina, Italija, (Slovenija) 63,
Page 91 and 92: Zgornja Hudinja (Celje) 66 Zgornje
Page 93 and 94: Dopis, v katerem dekan Šerko obve
Page 95 and 96: Odlok Narodne vlade Slovenije o raz
Page 97: Background of the higher education
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Page 102 and 103: Second year a) Physiology b) Genera
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Page 106 and 107: Obstetrics Theoretical Instruction
Page 108 and 109: Extraordinary Lectures First Aid in
Page 110 and 111: 1830 Anatomy: Anton Melzer, Prof�
Page 112 and 113: Theoretical and Practical Barber-Su
Page 114 and 115: Clinical School Oberster, Karel, M
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Page 120 and 121: BIBLIOGRAPHY J� Ciperle, A� Vov
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Page 124 and 125: of National Health situated the new
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Page 128 and 129: professional evaluations, the Facul
Page 130 and 131: SOURCES AS - Arhiv Republike Sloven
Page 132: Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Lju
Page 135: ISBN 978-961-6410-37-3 25 €
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