Medicinska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani 1919–1945 - Univerza v ...

Second year
a) Physiology
b) General Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Therapy
c) Theory of Obstetrical Delivery
d) Pharmacology and Professional Pharmaceutical Knowledge
d) Science of Prescription Compounding and Dietetics
e) Veterinary Science
Third year
a) Practical Bedside Medical Instruction
b) Special Medical Pathology and Therapy
c) Special Surgical Pathology and Therapy with Instruction on
Instruments and Wound Dressing
d) Surgical Operation Exercises Performed on a Cadaver
e) Forensic Medicine
f ) Exercises in Surgical Operation and Wound Dressing
g) Ophthalmology
After completing the third year, learners had to complete a
practical training period at a surgery ward, which lasted no less
than a month� A month of practical training in obstetrics was
also prescribed, which candidates could not start before passing
the rigorous examination in surgery� The one-month surgical
and internal medicine practical training applied only to those
learners who completed the required learning period with a
barber surgeon; other candidates had to complete a three-month
practical training period, which meant five months including
the training in obstetrics� This shows that two quality types of
Patrons of Surgery were produced by the medical-surgical study
in Ljubljana: graduation candidates with the old apprenticeship
training possessed lower quality expertise than those who
had lower gymnasium education and a total of five months of
practical training�
While theoretical instruction took place in lyceum premises,
practical instruction was provided at the Ljubljana city hospital
where conditions were inadequate even for teaching purposes�
It was only with the establishment of a hospital at the former
discalceate monastery in Ajdovščina (the new hospital in
Ajdovščina), where the so-called clinical school operated, that the
conditions began to gradually improve�
The language of instruction in medical-surgical studies was
initially Latin� During the period of Joseph II and his efforts to
form a unified country with a single language (German), Latin
was also gradually eliminated from medical-surgical studies and
German was introduced, whereby Latin professional terminology
was permitted so as to avoid confusion� Theoretical and Practical
Obstetrics for Midwifes was taught in Slovenian and German in
Ljubljana�
In 1813, the reinstituted Austrian authority was pondering the
abolition of these studies both in Ljubljana and Klagenfurt –
and in doing so, also probably recalling the complete Faculty
100
of Medicine within the scope of the French Écoles centrales and
the increasingly widespread opinion favouring the abolition of
second-class medical-surgical studies at lyceums� Medical-surgical
studies in Ljubljana were most at risk in this respect� The opinion
of Count Saurau, the Court’s Commissioner for Illyria, prevailed
in the end, namely that medical-surgical studies in Ljubljana
should be retained� The Court’s Study Commission expressly
declared on 7 June 1819, “that the school of surgery in Klagenfurt
should remain according to the Emperor’s decree and serve the
Klagenfurt district, while the school in Ljubljana should serve the
Illyrian governorate, which also includes the Villach district”� It
was obligatory for a school to have five professors: an anatomist
(physiologist), an internist, a surgeon, an obstetrician and a
veterinarian� Introduction to the Study of Surgery and Forensic
Medicine had to be taught by two professors who conducted the
course in addition to their other course�
In complete accordance with the new curriculum from 1810 or
1833, teachers of medical-surgical studies in Ljubljana taught the
following courses from 1814 to 1848:
Anatomy and Physiology:
Anton Melzer (1814–1846),
Dr� Kristjan August Voigt (1847–1850),
Surgery:
Dr� Joseph Wattmann (1816–1818),
Franz Fikelscherer (1819–1822),
Dr� Leopold Nathan (1824–1850),
Theoretical and Practical Medicine:
Dr� Anton Jeuniker (1814–1818),
Dr� Ivan Zhuber (1819–1834),
Dr� Franc Schiffer (1837–1850),
Obstetrics:
Jan Matoschek (Matoušek) (1816–1821), MSc in Surgery and
Obstetrics,
Ignac Pintar (1822–1833), MSc in Surgery and Obstetrics,
Dr� Bernard Pachner Freiherr Eggenstorf (1840–1850),
Veterinary Medicine and Forensic Medicine:
Dr� Janez Verbitz (1815–1840),
Dr� Janez Bleiweis (1842–1850),
Introduction to the Study of Surgery, Physics, Chemistry, Botany and
Pharmacy:
Dr� Ivan Biatzowsky (1834–1850)�
In 1815, the hospital in Ajdovščina founded a special ward with
six beds for men and women for the purpose of conducting clinical
instruction� This was basically a plan of Faust Gradišek, member of