Ibintu by'Ukuri
Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya… Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya…
Ibintu By'Ukuri Inyigisho zishyigikiye ibyemezo biheshsa imbabazi (indurugensiya) zarwanyijwe mu itorero ry’i Roma n’abantu bize kandi b’inyangamugayo; kandi harimo benshi batizeraga ibyavugwaga byari bihabanye n’imitekerereze itunganye ndetse n’Ibyahishuwe. Nta n’umwe mu bayobozi bakuru mu itorero watinyutse kwamagana ubwo bucuruzi bwanduye, ariko intekerezo z’abantu zari zitangiye kunanirwa no kwivovota ndetse abenshi bibazaga cyane niba Imana itagira abantu bamwe ikoreramo kugira ngo itorero ryayo ritunganywe. Nubwo Luteri yari akiri umuyoboke wa papa wo mu rwego rukomeye, yababajwe cyane n’ibyavugwaga bitukisha Imana by’abo bagurishaga imbabazi z’ibyaha. Abantu benshi bo mu kiriziya yayoboraga bari baramaze kugura ibyo byemezo by’imbabazi, maze bidatinze batangira kujya baza kwicuza ibyaha byabo bitari bimwe ku mushumba wabo bibwira ko bari bubabarirwe bidatewe n’uko bihanaga kandi bakaba bifuza kwivugurura ahubwo bitewe n’icyemezo kibahesha imbabazi (indurugensiya). Luteri yanze kubaha imbabazi ndetse anababurira ababwira ko bazarimbukira mu byaha byabo nibatihana ngo bahindure imibereho yabo. Bagize guhangayika gukomeye maze bahindukirira Tetzel bivovota bavuga ko umupadiri wabo bicuzaho ibyaha yanze ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi yabahaye; bityo bamwe bashira amanga basaba ko basubizwa amafaranga yabo. Tetzel yazabiranyijwe n’uburakari. Yavuze imivumo iteye ubwoba, ategeka ko imiriro icanwa ku karubanda, kandi avuga ko “yahawe uburenganzira na Papa bwo gutwika abazahakana bose bakarwanya inzandiko zera zihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha.” 89 Noneho Luteri yinjira mu murimo ashize amanga nk’umuntu urwanirira ukuri. Ijwi rye ryumvikaniye ku ruhimbi mu muburo ukomeye. Yagaragarije abantu imiterere mibi y’icyaha, kandi abigisha ko umuntu atashobora koroshya igishinja giterwa n’icyaha cyangwa ngo acike igihano cy’ibyaha binyuze mu bikorwa bye. Nta kindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyabasha gukiza umunyabyaha uretse kwihana imbere y’Imana no kwizera Yesu Kristo. Ntabwo ubuntu bwa Kristo bubasha kugurwa. Ni impano itangirwa ubuntu. Luteri yagiriye abantu inama ngo be kugura ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya), ahubwo yababwiye guhanga amaso Umukiza wabambwe bafite kwizera. Yabatekerereje ibyamubayeho bibabaje ubwo yashakaga kugera ku gakiza akoresheje kwicisha bugufi no kwibabaza ariko bikaba iby’ubusa. Yahamirije ababaga bamuteze amatwi ko icyamuhesheje amahoro n’ibyishimo ari ukureka kwitegaho amakiriro ahubwo akizera Kristo. Uko Tetzel yakomezaga ubucuruzi bwe n’imigambi ye mibi, Luteri nawe yiyemeje kurwanya ashikamye ibyo bikorwa bibi. Bidatinze hari icyabayeho. Kiriziya nini y’i Wittemberg yabagamo imibiri y’abatagatifu n’abazize kwizera kwabo ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bijyana nabyo byabikwaga kandi bikubahwa nk’urwibutso. Ibyo byerekwaga abantu ku minsi mikuru mitagatifu imwe, maze abantu bose bazaga gusura iyo kiriziya muri icyo gihe bakicuza bagahabwa imbabazi z’ibyaha mu buryo bwuzuye. Kubera iyo minsi kandi abantu bazaga aho ari benshi cyane bavuye imihanda yose. Umunsi umwe ukomeye cyane muri iyo ari wo wari umunsi mukuru w’abatagatifu bose wari wegereje. Ku munsi wawubanjirije Luteri yajyanye n’imbaga y’abantu bari batangiye kuza kuri iyo kiriziya maze 90
Ibintu By'Ukuri amanika ku rugi rwayo urupapuro rwanditsweho ingingo mirongo cyenda n’eshanu zirwanya inyigisho ivuga iby’ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya). Yavuze ko yiteguye guzasobanura ashyigikira izo ngingo ku munsi wari gukurikiraho muri kaminuza, akanyomoza abantu bose bari guhangara kuzirwanya. Izo ngingo ze zakuruye intekerezo z’abantu muri rusange. Barazisomye bakongera kuzisoma kandi aho banyuze hose bakagenda bazisubiramo. Habayeho gukanguka gukomeye muri kaminuza ndetse no mu mujyi wose. Izo ngingo shingiro zagaragaje ko ububasha bwo kubabarira ibyaha no gukuraho igihano cyabyo butigeze buhabwa Papa cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese. Iyo gahunda yabo yose yari uburiganya, -abibara nk’uburyo bwo kwaka abantu amafaranga bashingiye ku kwizera kw’abantu kuzuye ubwoba n’ubujiji, akaba ari n’uburyo Satani akoresha kugira ngo arimbure ubugingo bw’abantu bose babasha kwizera ibinyoma bye. Yerekanye neza kandi ko Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo ari bwo butunzi buruta ubundi itorero rifite, kandi ko ubuntu bw’Imana bwahishuriwe muri ubwo butumwa buhererwa ubuntu abantu bose babushakisha kwihana no kwizera. Ingingo shingiro za Luteri zatezaga impaka ariko nta muntu n’umwe watinyutse kuzana ingingo izirwanya. Mu minsi mike ibibazo izo ngingo yatanze zari zimaze gukwira mu gihugu cy’Ubudage cyose, kandi mu byumweru bike gusa zari zimaze kugera aharangaga Ubukristo hose. Abantu benshi bakundaga itorero ry’i Roma bari barabonye kandi bababazwa n’amarorerwa akomeye yari yarahawe icyicaro mu itorero nyamara ntibamenye uko bayahagarika. Basomye izo ngingo bafite ibyishimo byinshi bazibonamo ijwi ry’Imana rizivugiramo. Babonye ko kubw’ubuntu bwe Umukiza yarambuye ukuboko kugira ngo ahagarike amatwara y’ubuhendanyi yakomezaga kwiyongera aturutse i Roma. Ibikomangoma n’abanyamategeko banezerewe mu ibanga ko hari habonetse ikirogoya ubwo butegetsi bwarangwaga n’ubwirasi butemeraga uburenganzira bwo kujuririra imyanzuro bwafashe. Ariko abantu benshi bari barabaswe n’icyaha no kwizera iby’ubupfumu ubwo babonaga ko ibyo bizeraga by’ibinyoma kandi byari byarabamaze ubwoba bishenywe, bagize ubwoba. Indyarya z’abayobozi b’idini zimaze kubona ko zirogowe mu murimo wazo wo guha intebe icyaha kandi babonye inyungu zabo zibangamiwe, bagize uburakari bukabije maze bishyira hamwe kugira ngo bashyigikire inyigisho zabo. Luteri yagize abamurega benshi yagombaga guhangana nabo. Bamwe bamureze guhubuka no gukora atabitekerejeho. Abandi bamurega ko atizera, bakavuga ko atayobowe n’Imana, ahubwo ko yakoreshwaga n’ubwibone no kurarikira. Yarasubizaga ati: ” Ni nde utazi ko bitajya bishoboka ko hari umuntu uzana igitekerezo gishya maze ntagaragare ko afite ubwibone, kandi ntaregwe guteza impaka?...Kuki Kristo n’abahowe kwizera kwabo bose bishwe? Byatewe n’uko basaga n’abirasi basuzugura ubwenge bwariho muri icyo gihe, ndetse n’uko bazanaga amatwara mashya batabanje kwicisha bugufi ngo bagishe abazi ubwenge bwo mu bihe byashize.” 91
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<strong>Ibintu</strong> By'Ukuri<br />
amanika ku rugi rwayo urupapuro rwanditsweho ingingo mirongo cyenda n’eshanu zirwanya<br />
inyigisho ivuga iby’ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya). Yavuze ko<br />
yiteguye guzasobanura ashyigikira izo ngingo ku munsi wari gukurikiraho muri kaminuza,<br />
akanyomoza abantu bose bari guhangara kuzirwanya.<br />
Izo ngingo ze zakuruye intekerezo z’abantu muri rusange. Barazisomye bakongera<br />
kuzisoma kandi aho banyuze hose bakagenda bazisubiramo. Habayeho gukanguka gukomeye<br />
muri kaminuza ndetse no mu mujyi wose. Izo ngingo shingiro zagaragaje ko ububasha bwo<br />
kubabarira ibyaha no gukuraho igihano cyabyo butigeze buhabwa Papa cyangwa undi muntu<br />
uwo ari we wese. Iyo gahunda yabo yose yari uburiganya, -abibara nk’uburyo bwo kwaka<br />
abantu amafaranga bashingiye ku kwizera kw’abantu kuzuye ubwoba n’ubujiji, akaba ari<br />
n’uburyo Satani akoresha kugira ngo arimbure ubugingo bw’abantu bose babasha kwizera<br />
ibinyoma bye. Yerekanye neza kandi ko Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo ari bwo butunzi buruta<br />
ubundi itorero rifite, kandi ko ubuntu bw’Imana bwahishuriwe muri ubwo butumwa<br />
buhererwa ubuntu abantu bose babushakisha kwihana no kwizera.<br />
Ingingo shingiro za Luteri zatezaga impaka ariko nta muntu n’umwe watinyutse kuzana<br />
ingingo izirwanya. Mu minsi mike ibibazo izo ngingo yatanze zari zimaze gukwira mu gihugu<br />
cy’Ubudage cyose, kandi mu byumweru bike gusa zari zimaze kugera aharangaga Ubukristo<br />
hose. Abantu benshi bakundaga itorero ry’i Roma bari barabonye kandi bababazwa<br />
n’amarorerwa akomeye yari yarahawe icyicaro mu itorero nyamara ntibamenye uko<br />
bayahagarika. Basomye izo ngingo bafite ibyishimo byinshi bazibonamo ijwi ry’Imana<br />
rizivugiramo. Babonye ko kubw’ubuntu bwe Umukiza yarambuye ukuboko kugira ngo<br />
ahagarike amatwara y’ubuhendanyi yakomezaga kwiyongera aturutse i Roma.<br />
Ibikomangoma n’abanyamategeko banezerewe mu ibanga ko hari habonetse ikirogoya ubwo<br />
butegetsi bwarangwaga n’ubwirasi butemeraga uburenganzira bwo kujuririra imyanzuro<br />
bwafashe.<br />
Ariko abantu benshi bari barabaswe n’icyaha no kwizera iby’ubupfumu ubwo babonaga<br />
ko ibyo bizeraga by’ibinyoma kandi byari byarabamaze ubwoba bishenywe, bagize ubwoba.<br />
Indyarya z’abayobozi b’idini zimaze kubona ko zirogowe mu murimo wazo wo guha intebe<br />
icyaha kandi babonye inyungu zabo zibangamiwe, bagize uburakari bukabije maze bishyira<br />
hamwe kugira ngo bashyigikire inyigisho zabo. Luteri yagize abamurega benshi yagombaga<br />
guhangana nabo. Bamwe bamureze guhubuka no gukora atabitekerejeho. Abandi bamurega<br />
ko atizera, bakavuga ko atayobowe n’Imana, ahubwo ko yakoreshwaga n’ubwibone no<br />
kurarikira. Yarasubizaga ati: ” Ni nde utazi ko bitajya bishoboka ko hari umuntu uzana<br />
igitekerezo gishya maze ntagaragare ko afite ubwibone, kandi ntaregwe guteza<br />
impaka?...Kuki Kristo n’abahowe kwizera kwabo bose bishwe? Byatewe n’uko basaga<br />
n’abirasi basuzugura ubwenge bwariho muri icyo gihe, ndetse n’uko bazanaga amatwara<br />
mashya batabanje kwicisha bugufi ngo bagishe abazi ubwenge bwo mu bihe byashize.”<br />
91
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