Ibintu by'Ukuri
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Ibintu by'Ukuri

Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya… Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya…

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Ibintu By'Ukuri ni ko kwatumye abatuye isi baba abahakana Kristo, kandi ubwo itorero ryahanaga abahakanyi nta kibi ryakoze.” 339 Abakoloni bari batuye muri Amerika batoye itegeko rivuga ko abantu babarizwa mu itorero ari bo bonyine bagomba kugira ijambo mu butegetsi bwa Leta. Hashyizweho ubutegetsi bwa Leta bugendera ku mahame y’itorero, abaturage bose basabwa gutanga umusanzu wo kunganira ubuyobozi bw’idini kandi abacamanza bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukuraho ubuhakanyi. Muri ubwo buryo, ubutegetsi bw’iby’isi bwari buri mu maboko y’itorero. Ntibyatinze izo ngamba ziza kubyara itoteza ari ryo ryabaye ingaruka simusiga. Imyaka cumi n’umwe hamaze gushingwa intara ya mbere y’ubukoloni, nibwo uwitwa Roger Williams yaje muri Amerika (Icyo gihe bayitaga Isi Nshya). Kimwe na ba Bagenzi bahageze mbere, yari azanwe n’umugambi wo gushaka umudendezo mu by’iyobokamana; ariko ibinyuranye n’ibyabo, yabashije kubona ibyo bake cyane bari barashoboye kubona mu gihe cye, yuko uwo mudendezo ari uburenganzira butavuguruzwa bwa buri muntu hatitawe ku myizerere ye. Yashakashakaga ukuri abishishikariye, kandi akizera kimwe na Robinsons ko bidashoboka ko umucyo wose wo mu ijambo ry’Imana waba waramaze kwakirwa. Williams “yabaye uwa mbere mu turere twari tugezweho tw’Ubukristo, washingiye ubutegetsi bwa Leta ku ihame ryo kugira umudendezo mu gukurikiza umutimanama ndetse n’uburinganire bwo gutanga ibitekerezo imbere y’amategeko.” 340 Yavugaga ko inshingano y’abacamanza ari iyo gukumira ibyaha, ko atari iyo kugenga umutimanama. Yaravuze ati: “Rubanda cyangwa abacamanza bashobora gufata umwanzuro ku cyo umuntu akwiriye gukorera mugenzi we; ariko igihe bagerageje gushyiraho inshingano umuntu afite ku Mana, baba barengereye kandi iyo bimeze bityo nta mutekano ushobora kuboneka; kubera ko byumvikana ko niba umucamanza afite ububasha, uyu munsi ashobora gushyiraho itegeko rishingiye ku bitekerezo runaka cyangwa imyizerere, ejo agashyiraho irindi nk’uko byagiye bikorwa n’abami n’abamikazi batandukanye mu Bwongereza ndetse bikanakorwa n’abapapa banyuranye n’inama zitari zimwe mu itorero ry’i Roma, ku buryo imyizerere yahinduka uruhurirane rw’urujijo.” 341 Kujya muri gahunda zo gusenga z’itorero ryariho byari bitegetswe abantu utabikoze agacibwa igihano cyangwa agafungwa. “Williams ntiyemeraga iryo tegeko. Ryari itegeko ribi kuruta ayandi yose mu mategeko y’Ubwongereza kuko ryahatiraga abantu kujya gusenga mu itorero rya Leta. Guhatira abantu kwifatanya n’abo badahuje imyizerere we yabifataga ko ari ukuvogera uburenganzira bw’umuntu ku mugaragaro; kandi kujyana gusenga abatizera n’abatabishaka ku ngufu, kuri we byari ukubasaba gukora uburyarya. . . Yongeyeho ati: ‘Nta muntu ukwiriye guhatirwa kujya gusenga, cyangwa kwemera uburyo bw’imisengere atabyiyemereye.’ Abataravugaga rumwe na we batangajwe n’ibyo yavugaga maze baravuga bati: ‘Bishoboka bite? mbese umukozi ntakwiriye igihembo cye?” Na we yarabasubije ati: ‘Yee, ariko agihabwa n’abamukoresha.” 342 Roger Williams yarubahwaga kandi agakundirwa ko yari umugabura w’umwizerwa, ufite impano utabona muri benshi, akaba indahemuka n’umunyabuntu; nyamara uko guhakana 212

Ibintu By'Ukuri yivuye inyuma uburenganzira abacamanza ba Leta bafite ku itorero, ndetse no gusaba ko abantu bagira umudendezo mu by’idini, ntibyari kubasha kwihanganirwa. Bakekaga ko gukurikiza izo nyigisho nshya bishobora “guhirika Leta ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwose bw’igihugu.” 343 Baherako bamucira urubanza rwo kumuca agakurwa muri koloni zabo, maze amaherezo atinye ko yafatwa, biba ngombwa ko ahungira mu mashyamba y’inzitane mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi n’imiyaga ikaze. Yaravuze ati : “Mu byumweru cumi na bine nazereraga mu gihe kibi cyane, ntarya kandi ntagoheka. Ariko ibikona ni byo byangabuririye mu butayu,” kandi akenshi ibiti by’inganzamarumbo bifite imyobo ni byo yikingagamo. 344 Nguko uko yakomezaga guhunga bimubabaje anyura mu rubura no mu mashyamba y’inzitane kugeza ubwo yashoboye kubona ubuhungiro mu bwoko bumwe bw’Abahinde baje kumugirira icyizere kandi baramukunda ubwo yihatiraga kubigisha ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza. Nyuma y’amezi menshi yo kugenda yimuka azerera hirya no hino, amaherezo yaje kugera ku nkengero z’ikigobe cya Narragansett, aho ni ho yashinze urufatiro rwa Leta ya mbere y’ibihe by’amajyambere yemeraga uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira umudendezo mu by’idini. Ihame shingiro y’iyo koloni ya Roger Williams ryari uko, “umuntu wese akwiriye kugira umudendezo wo kuramya Imana akurikije umucyo w’umutimanama we.” 345 Iyo Leta ye ntoya yitwaga Rhode Island, yahereye ko ihinduka ubuhungiro bw’abakandamizwaga bose, maze irakura, irakungahara kugeza ubwo ya mahame yayo shingiro ari yo — umudendezo mu by’ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’umudendezo mu by’idini — byaje guhinduka amabuye-fatizo Repubulika ya Amerika ishingiyeho. Muri iyo nyandiko nini imaze igihe abashinze Repubulika ya Amerika basohoye yari ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo,- ari yo bise, “Itangazwa ry’Ubwigenge” 346 -bavuzemo batya bati: “Kuko ari ukuri kudashidikanywaho, twemera ko abantu bose baremwe kimwe; ko bose bahawe n’Umuremyi wabo uburenganzira budahinduka; kandi ko muri bwo harimo : ubuzima, umudendezo no gushakisha ibyabanezeza.” Kandi mu magambo asobanutse neza, itegeko-nshinga ryemeza ko umutimanama w’umuntu utavogerwa rigira riti: “Nta genzura mu by’idini rizigera risabwa ngo ribe icyangombwa umuntu akwiriye kuzuza ngo abone umwanya cyangwa umurimo uwo ari wo wose mu butegetsi bwa Leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.” “Inama nkuru ntizigera ishyiraho itegeko ryerekeranye no gushyiraho idini cyangwa itegeko ribuzanya gukora iby’idini uko umuntu ashatse.” “Abatunganyije Itegeko-nshinga bazirikanye ihame ridakuka rivuga ko imibanire y’umuntu n’Imana ye iri hejuru y’amategeko ashyirwaho n’abantu, kandi ko uburenganzira bw’umutimanama budakuka. Gushyiraho uku kuri ntibyasabaga kubanza kugarirwaho abantu bashyira mu gaciro, kuko buri wese akuzi mu mutima we. Uko kuri k’umutimanama ni ko kwakomeje abahowe ukwizera kwabo benshi cyane ubwo bicwaga urubozo kandi bagatwikwa kubwo kutumvira amategeko yashyizweho n’abantu. Bumvaga ko inshingano yabo ku Mana iruta cyane amategeko y’abantu, kandi ko abantu badafite uburenganzira bwo 213

<strong>Ibintu</strong> By'Ukuri<br />

yivuye inyuma uburenganzira abacamanza ba Leta bafite ku itorero, ndetse no gusaba ko<br />

abantu bagira umudendezo mu by’idini, ntibyari kubasha kwihanganirwa. Bakekaga ko<br />

gukurikiza izo nyigisho nshya bishobora “guhirika Leta ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwose<br />

bw’igihugu.” 343 Baherako bamucira urubanza rwo kumuca agakurwa muri koloni zabo,<br />

maze amaherezo atinye ko yafatwa, biba ngombwa ko ahungira mu mashyamba y’inzitane<br />

mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi n’imiyaga ikaze.<br />

Yaravuze ati : “Mu byumweru cumi na bine nazereraga mu gihe kibi cyane, ntarya kandi<br />

ntagoheka. Ariko ibikona ni byo byangabuririye mu butayu,” kandi akenshi ibiti<br />

by’inganzamarumbo bifite imyobo ni byo yikingagamo. 344 Nguko uko yakomezaga<br />

guhunga bimubabaje anyura mu rubura no mu mashyamba y’inzitane kugeza ubwo<br />

yashoboye kubona ubuhungiro mu bwoko bumwe bw’Abahinde baje kumugirira icyizere<br />

kandi baramukunda ubwo yihatiraga kubigisha ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza.<br />

Nyuma y’amezi menshi yo kugenda yimuka azerera hirya no hino, amaherezo yaje kugera<br />

ku nkengero z’ikigobe cya Narragansett, aho ni ho yashinze urufatiro rwa Leta ya mbere<br />

y’ibihe by’amajyambere yemeraga uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira umudendezo mu<br />

by’idini. Ihame shingiro y’iyo koloni ya Roger Williams ryari uko, “umuntu wese akwiriye<br />

kugira umudendezo wo kuramya Imana akurikije umucyo w’umutimanama we.” 345 Iyo Leta<br />

ye ntoya yitwaga Rhode Island, yahereye ko ihinduka ubuhungiro bw’abakandamizwaga<br />

bose, maze irakura, irakungahara kugeza ubwo ya mahame yayo shingiro ari yo —<br />

umudendezo mu by’ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’umudendezo mu by’idini — byaje guhinduka<br />

amabuye-fatizo Repubulika ya Amerika ishingiyeho.<br />

Muri iyo nyandiko nini imaze igihe abashinze Repubulika ya Amerika basohoye yari<br />

ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo,- ari yo bise, “Itangazwa ry’Ubwigenge” 346 -bavuzemo<br />

batya bati: “Kuko ari ukuri kudashidikanywaho, twemera ko abantu bose baremwe kimwe;<br />

ko bose bahawe n’Umuremyi wabo uburenganzira budahinduka; kandi ko muri bwo harimo<br />

: ubuzima, umudendezo no gushakisha ibyabanezeza.” Kandi mu magambo asobanutse neza,<br />

itegeko-nshinga ryemeza ko umutimanama w’umuntu utavogerwa rigira riti: “Nta genzura<br />

mu by’idini rizigera risabwa ngo ribe icyangombwa umuntu akwiriye kuzuza ngo abone<br />

umwanya cyangwa umurimo uwo ari wo wose mu butegetsi bwa Leta muri Leta Zunze<br />

Ubumwe za Amerika.” “Inama nkuru ntizigera ishyiraho itegeko ryerekeranye no gushyiraho<br />

idini cyangwa itegeko ribuzanya gukora iby’idini uko umuntu ashatse.”<br />

“Abatunganyije Itegeko-nshinga bazirikanye ihame ridakuka rivuga ko imibanire<br />

y’umuntu n’Imana ye iri hejuru y’amategeko ashyirwaho n’abantu, kandi ko uburenganzira<br />

bw’umutimanama budakuka. Gushyiraho uku kuri ntibyasabaga kubanza kugarirwaho abantu<br />

bashyira mu gaciro, kuko buri wese akuzi mu mutima we. Uko kuri k’umutimanama ni ko<br />

kwakomeje abahowe ukwizera kwabo benshi cyane ubwo bicwaga urubozo kandi<br />

bagatwikwa kubwo kutumvira amategeko yashyizweho n’abantu. Bumvaga ko inshingano<br />

yabo ku Mana iruta cyane amategeko y’abantu, kandi ko abantu badafite uburenganzira bwo<br />

213

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