Ibintu by'Ukuri
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Ibintu by'Ukuri

Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya… Amayobera y’amateka ntago ari umwijima neza, kuberako ni umupfundikizo utwikiriye igice kimwe cy’irema ry’igikorwa n’imbaraga z’umwuka ndetse n’igikorwa cy’amategeko y’umwuka. Ni ibisanzwe bimenyerewe kuvuga ko amaraso y’abahowimana ari imbuto y’itorero ariko icyo dushaka kubabwira ni uko ibikorwa by’umuntu akora kubera icyemezo cy’umwuka nibyo bibyara imbuto rusange… Nkuko impinduka z’umuco zikomeye hamwe n’impinduramatwara z’amateka aribyo bihitamo amaherezo y’ibihugu cyangwa imyitwarire mu myaka imwe ari igiterane cy’amanota y’ibyemezo by’umwuka…ukwizera n’ubushishozi cyangwa ubuhakanyi n’ubuhumyi , by’abantu. Nta mpuntu watunga agatoki igikorwa gikomeye cy’umwuka gihengamisha umunzani, maze kigatuma gahunda yo hanze mu muryango w’abantu ifata isura nshya…

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Ibintu By'Ukuri Muri icyo gihe, haje undi muntu kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo w’ivugurura. Uwitwaga Lusiyani yoherejwe i Zurich afite zimwe mu nyandiko za Luteri yoherezwa n’umuntu wari utuye i Basel wakundaga ukwizera kuvuguruye. Uwo muntu yari yaratekereje ko kugurisha ibyo bitabo bibasha kuba uburyo bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza umucyo. Yandikiye Zwingli ati: “Reba neza ko uyu mugabo afite ubushishozi n’ubushobozi bihagije; niba bimeze bityo, umureke agende ava mu mujyi ajya mu wundi, ava mu mudugudu ajya mu wundi, agende n’inzu ku yindi mu Basuwisi ahajyane inyandiko za Luteri, ariko by’umwihariko ibyo yavuze ku Isengesho ry’Umukiza abyandikira abafite ubushake bwo kuvuga ubutumwa. Uko bizarushaho kumenyekana, niko bizarushaho kugira abaguzi.” Uko ni ko umucyo wabonye aho winjirira. 159 Mu gihe Imana itegura guca iminyururu y’ubujiji n’imigenzo ya gipagani nibwo Satani akoresha imbaraga ze zose kugira ngo abundikirire abantu mu mwijima kandi akarushaho gukaza ingoyi ibaboshye. Uko abantu bahagurukiraga impande zose babwira abantu iby’imbabazi no kugirwa intungane kubw’amaraso ya Kristo, Roma yakajije umurego mu gufungura isoko ryayo igurisha imbabazi aharangwa ubukristo hose. Buri cyaha cyari gifite igiciro cyacyo, kandi abantu bahabwaga uburenganzira ntakumirwa bwo gukora icyaha igihe bashyiraga umutungo uhagije mu isanduku y’itorero. Uko ni ko ayo matsinda abiri y’imyigishirize yateraga imbere: rimwe rigatanga imbabazi z’ibyaha rihawe amafaranga, naho irindi rikigisha iby’imbabazi zibonerwa muri Kristo. Roma igaha uburenganzira icyaha kandi ikakigira isoko yo kwinjiza ubutunzi, naho abagorozi bo bagaciraho icyaha iteka kandi bakerekana ko Kristo ariwe ukuraho ibyaha, akaba n’umucunguzi. Mu gihugu cy’Ubudage, icuruzwa ry’ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya) ryari rishinzwe abapadiri b’Abadominikani kandi byari biyobowe n’umuntu wari uzwi ho imico mibi witwaga Tetzel. Mu gihugu cy’Ubusuwisi, ubwo bucuruzi bwahariwe Abafaransisiko bayobowe n’uwitwa Samusoni wari umupadiri w’Umutaliyani. Samusoni yari yarakoreye itorero umurimo mwiza kuko yari yarabashije kwinjiza amafaranga menshi ayakuye mu Budage no mu Busuwisi kugira ngo agwize umutungo wa Papa. Noneho yambukanyije Ubusuwisi bwose, agacuza abaturage b’abakene uduke bungukaga, naho abakire akabakuramo impano z’agaciro kenshi. Ariko impinduka ziturutse ku bugorozi zari zaratangiye kwigaragariza mu kugabanyuka kw’ibyatangwaga nubwo zitashoboraga guhagarika ubwo bucuruzi. Igihe Samusoni yari amaze igihe gito yinjiye mu Busuwisi maze akagera mu mujyi wari hafi ya Einsiedeln ahazanye ibicuruzwa bye, Zwingli yari akiri i Einsiedeln. Umugorozi Zwingli amaze kumenya ikimugenza yahise ahagurukira kumuvuguruza. Abo bantu bombi ntibigeze bahura, ariko Zwingli yageze ku nsinzi asobanurira abantu ibyo Samusoni agamije ku buryo byabaye ngombwa ko ava aho hantu akajya ahandi. 126

Ibintu By'Ukuri I Zurich, Zwingli yahabwirizanyije umwete mwinshi yamagana ubucuruzi bw’imbabazi z’ibyaha; maze igihe Samusoni yari ageze hafi yaho ahura n’intumwa yoherejwe n’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi imubuza kwinjira muri uwo mujyi. Amaherezo yaje gushobora kwinjira yiyoberanyije nyamara yaje kwirukanwa atabashije kugurisha n’icyangombwa na kimwe gihesha imbabazi maze nyuma y’aho bidatinze ahita ava mu Busuwisi. Ubugorozi bwahawe imbaraga nyinshi no kwaduka kw’icyorezo gikaze cyahitanye abantu benshi mu Busuwisi mu mwaka wa 1519. Uko muri ubwo buryo abantu babonaga urupfu rubugarije, benshi babashije kubona uburyo imbabazi bari bamaze igihe gito baguze zari imfabusa ndetse ntizigire n’akamaro. Bityo byatumye bashaka kugira urufatiro nyakuri rwo kwizera kwabo. Zwingli nawe ari i Zurich yafashwe n’iyo ndwara iramurembya cyane ku buryo icyizere cyose cyo gukira kwe cyashiraga mu bantu, bityo inkuru ikwira hose ko yaba yapfuye. Muri icyo gihe gikomeye, ntabwo ibyiringiro bye n’ubutwari byacogoye. Afite kwizera, yahanze amaso ye umusaraba w’i Karuvali, yiringira ko igitambo cya Kristo gihagije gihanagura abantu ho ibyaha. Ubwo yari akirutse avuye ku munwa w’urupfu, cyari igihe cyo kubwirizanya ubutumwa bwiza umuhati mwinshi kurusha uko yigeze abikora; kandi amagambo ye yari afite imbaraga idasanzwe. Abantu bakiranye ibyishimo umushumba wabo bakunda wari ubagaruriwe akuwe ku munwa w’urupfu. Abo bantu ubwabo bari bavuye mu ngorane zo kwita ku barwayi n’abasambaga bityo bituma babasha guha agaciro ubutumwa bwiza kuruta mbere. Zwingli yari amaze gusobanukirwa neza n’ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza kandi yari amaze kwiyumvamo imbaraga yako ihindura umuntu akaba mushya. Yibandaga ku ngingo zivuga ibyo kugwa k’umuntu n’iby’inama y’agakiza. Yaravuze ati: “Twese twapfiriye muri Adamu, kandi twarohamye mu bibi no gucirwaho iteka.” 160 “Kristo yaturonkeye gucungurwa kw’iteka. . . Umubabaro yagize ni igitambo gihoraho kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo gukiza by’iteka ryose. Cyuzuza ibyo ubutabera bw’Imana busaba by’iteka ryose mu cyimbo cy’abantu bose bishingikiriza kuri icyo gitambo bafite kwizera gushikamye kandi kutanyeganyega.” Nyamara kandi yigishije neza ko ubuntu bwa Kristo budahesha abantu umudendezo wo gukomeza gukora ibyaha. Yaravugaga ati: “Ahantu hose hari ukwizera Imana, Imana irahaba; kandi aho Imana iri, haba umwete ukangura abantu ukabahatira gukora imirimo myiza.”- 161 Ibibwirizwa bya Zwingli byabaga bishimishije abantu ku buryo kiziya nini (Katederari) yuzuraga igasaguka imbaga y’abantu bazaga kumutega amatwi. Zwingli yabwiraga abamuteze amatwi ukuri buhoro buhoro akurikije uko yabonaga bashobora kukwakira. Yitonderaga cyane kuba yahita ababwira ingingo zishobora kubakangaranya cyangwa ngo zibazanemo urwikekwe. Umurimo we wari uwo gushyikiriza imitima yabo inyigisho za Kristo, gutuma ituza kubw’urukundo rwe no kubereka urugero rwa Kristo; bityo uko barushagaho kwakira amahame y’ubutumwa bwiza, ni ko bagendaga bacika ku myizerere yabo n’imigenzo bya gipagani. 127

<strong>Ibintu</strong> By'Ukuri<br />

Muri icyo gihe, haje undi muntu kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo w’ivugurura.<br />

Uwitwaga Lusiyani yoherejwe i Zurich afite zimwe mu nyandiko za Luteri yoherezwa<br />

n’umuntu wari utuye i Basel wakundaga ukwizera kuvuguruye. Uwo muntu yari yaratekereje<br />

ko kugurisha ibyo bitabo bibasha kuba uburyo bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza umucyo.<br />

Yandikiye Zwingli ati: “Reba neza ko uyu mugabo afite ubushishozi n’ubushobozi bihagije;<br />

niba bimeze bityo, umureke agende ava mu mujyi ajya mu wundi, ava mu mudugudu ajya mu<br />

wundi, agende n’inzu ku yindi mu Basuwisi ahajyane inyandiko za Luteri, ariko<br />

by’umwihariko ibyo yavuze ku Isengesho ry’Umukiza abyandikira abafite ubushake bwo<br />

kuvuga ubutumwa. Uko bizarushaho kumenyekana, niko bizarushaho kugira abaguzi.” Uko<br />

ni ko umucyo wabonye aho winjirira. 159<br />

Mu gihe Imana itegura guca iminyururu y’ubujiji n’imigenzo ya gipagani nibwo Satani<br />

akoresha imbaraga ze zose kugira ngo abundikirire abantu mu mwijima kandi akarushaho<br />

gukaza ingoyi ibaboshye. Uko abantu bahagurukiraga impande zose babwira abantu<br />

iby’imbabazi no kugirwa intungane kubw’amaraso ya Kristo, Roma yakajije umurego mu<br />

gufungura isoko ryayo igurisha imbabazi aharangwa ubukristo hose.<br />

Buri cyaha cyari gifite igiciro cyacyo, kandi abantu bahabwaga uburenganzira ntakumirwa<br />

bwo gukora icyaha igihe bashyiraga umutungo uhagije mu isanduku y’itorero. Uko ni ko ayo<br />

matsinda abiri y’imyigishirize yateraga imbere: rimwe rigatanga imbabazi z’ibyaha rihawe<br />

amafaranga, naho irindi rikigisha iby’imbabazi zibonerwa muri Kristo. Roma igaha<br />

uburenganzira icyaha kandi ikakigira isoko yo kwinjiza ubutunzi, naho abagorozi bo<br />

bagaciraho icyaha iteka kandi bakerekana ko Kristo ariwe ukuraho ibyaha, akaba<br />

n’umucunguzi.<br />

Mu gihugu cy’Ubudage, icuruzwa ry’ibyemezo bihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha<br />

(indurugensiya) ryari rishinzwe abapadiri b’Abadominikani kandi byari biyobowe n’umuntu<br />

wari uzwi ho imico mibi witwaga Tetzel. Mu gihugu cy’Ubusuwisi, ubwo bucuruzi<br />

bwahariwe Abafaransisiko bayobowe n’uwitwa Samusoni wari umupadiri w’Umutaliyani.<br />

Samusoni yari yarakoreye itorero umurimo mwiza kuko yari yarabashije kwinjiza amafaranga<br />

menshi ayakuye mu Budage no mu Busuwisi kugira ngo agwize umutungo wa Papa. Noneho<br />

yambukanyije Ubusuwisi bwose, agacuza abaturage b’abakene uduke bungukaga, naho<br />

abakire akabakuramo impano z’agaciro kenshi. Ariko impinduka ziturutse ku bugorozi zari<br />

zaratangiye kwigaragariza mu kugabanyuka kw’ibyatangwaga nubwo zitashoboraga<br />

guhagarika ubwo bucuruzi. Igihe Samusoni yari amaze igihe gito yinjiye mu Busuwisi maze<br />

akagera mu mujyi wari hafi ya Einsiedeln ahazanye ibicuruzwa bye, Zwingli yari akiri i<br />

Einsiedeln. Umugorozi Zwingli amaze kumenya ikimugenza yahise ahagurukira<br />

kumuvuguruza. Abo bantu bombi ntibigeze bahura, ariko Zwingli yageze ku nsinzi<br />

asobanurira abantu ibyo Samusoni agamije ku buryo byabaye ngombwa ko ava aho hantu<br />

akajya ahandi.<br />

126

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