Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.

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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri udafite igihunga, kongereza umuriro imbere yanjye. Iyaba nagize ubwoba ntabwo mba ndi aha.” Amagambo aheruka yavuze ubwo ibirimi by’umuriro byazamukaga bimutwika yari isengesho. Yatatse agira ati: “Mwami, Data Ushoborabyose, ngirira impuhwe kandi umbabarire ibyaha byanjye; kuko uzi neza ko nakunze ukuri kwawe ibihe byose.” 67 Ijwi rye ryaracwekereye, ariko iminwa ye ikomeza kunyeganyega asenga. Ubwo umuriro wari umaze kumukongora, ivu ry’uwo muziranenge n’ubutaka ryari ririho byararundanyijwe, maze rijugunywa mu ruzi rwa Rhine nk’uko irya Huse ryagenjwe. Uko ni ko abatwaramucyo b’indahemuka ku Mana bapfuye. Ariko umucyo w’ukuri babwirije (umucyo w’urugero rw’ubutwari bwabo) ntiwashoboraga kuzimywa. Nk’uko abantu batashoboraga kubuza izuba gukomeza urugendo rwaryo, ni nako batashoboraga guhagarika umuseke wari utambitse ku isi uwo munsi. Iyicwa rya Huse ryari ryarakongeje uburakari no gukangarana mu mujyi wa Boheme. Abatuye igihugu bose bari barabonye ko yazize ubugambanyi bw’abapadiri ndetse n’uburiganya bw’umwami w’abami. Yari azwi ho kuba yarabaye umwigisha w’ukuri w’indahemuka, kandi inama yari yaramuciriye urwo gupfa yashinjwaga icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Noneho inyigisho ze zarushijeho gukundwa kuruta mbere. Papa yari yarategetse ko inyandiko za Wycliffe zitwikwa. Nyamara izari zararokotse iryo twikwa noneho zakuwe aho zari zarahishwe maze zigirwa hamwe na Bibiliya cyangwa ibice bimwe byayo, bitewe n’uko abantu babashaga kubibona. Muri ubwo buryo, abantu benshi bayobowe mu kwemera ukuri kuvuguruwe. Abishe Huse ntibumvaga bafite amahoro kuko batifuzaga ko umurimo we ugera ku nsinzi. Papa n’umwami w’abami bunze ubumwe ngo barimbure itsinda ry’abayoboke be. Ingabo za Sigismond zoherejwe gutera i Boheme. Ariko umurengezi yarahagurutse. Ziska wategekaga i Boheme kandi akaba yari umwe mu basirikari bakuru b’intwali mu gihe cye, yaje kuba impumyi nyuma y’igihe gito intambara itangiye. Kubwo kwiringira gufashwa n’Imana no kuzirikana ubutungane bw’inzira bari barayobotse, abo baturage b’i Boheme bashoboye kwihagararaho batsinda ingabo zikomeye cyane zabateraga. Incuro nyinshi Umwami w’abami yagiye agerageza kohereza izindi ngabo i Boheme ariko zigatsindwa ku buryo bukojeje isoni. Abayoboke ba Huse ntibatinyaga urupfu kandi nta cyajyaga kubahangara. Hashize imyaka mike intambara itangiye, intwari Ziska yarapfuye ariko aza gusimburwa na Procopius wari umusirikari mukuru w’umuhanga kandi w’intwari nka Ziska, ndetse hari bimwe yamurushaga. Abanzi b’abaturage b’i Boheme bamenye ko wa musirikare w’intwari wari warabaye impumyi yapfuye, bibwira ko babonye akito ko gukora ibyari byarabananiye. Noneho Papa yatangije urugamba rwo kurimbura abayoboke ba Huse, maze nanone ingabo nyinshi zongera gutera i Boheme; ariko zigezeyo ziratsindwa bikomeye. Hongeye gutegekwa ko ikindi gitero 78

Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri kigabwa. Mu bihugu byose by’i Burayi aho ubupapa bwategekega, bakoranyije abantu, bateranya amafaranga n’intwaro z’intambara. Imbaga y’abantu benshi bitabiriye itegeko rya Papa bizeye ko amaherezo iby’abahakanyi bayobotse Huse bigiye kurangira. Ingabo nyinshi zinjiye i Boheme zifite ibyiringiro byo kuhatsinda. Abaturage bishyiriye hamwe kuzirwanya. Iyo mitwe ibiri y’ingabo yarasatiranye kugeza ubwo hagati yayo hasigaye umugezi uzitandukanya. “Izo ngabo zije kurimbura abayoboke ba Huse zari nyinshi cyane kandi zifite ibikoresho bikomeye, ariko aho kugira ngo zirohe mu mugezi maze zambuke zijye kurwanya abayoboke ba Huse, zahagaze hakurya zibatumbira zicecetse.” 68 Uwo mwanya ubwoba budasanzwe bwatashye izo ngabo za papa. Zidashoboye no gukura inkota, izo ngabo zikomeye zatatanye nk’izirukanwe n’imbaraga itagaragara. Abenshi muri bo bicishijwe inkota n’ingabo zo mu bayoboke ba Huse zakurikiye abo bahungaga, ndetse zibanyaga iminyago myinshi ku buryo aho kugira ngo iyo ntambara ikeneshe ab’i Boheme, yarabakungahaje. Nyuma y’imyaka mike, himye umupapa mushya, maze hongera kugabwa ikindi gitero. Nk’uko byari byaragenze mbere, abantu, amafaranga n’intwaro byakusanyijwe bikuwe mu bihugu by’i Burayi biyoboka Papa. Abantu biyemezaga kujya muri uru rugamba rukaze basezeranirwaga agahimbazamusyi. Umuntu wese ugiye muri iyo ntambara yasezeranirwaga imbabazi z’ibyaha by’indengakamere yabashaga kuzakora. Abagwaga ku rugamba bose basezeranirwaga ingororano ikomeye mu ijuru, kandi abarokokaga bagombaga guhabwa icyubahiro n’ubukungu bakuye ku rugamba. Umutwe munini w’ingabo wongeye kuremwa maze abasirikire bambuka umupaka binjira i Boheme. Ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse zisubira inyuma kugira ngo zibareke bose binjire mu gihugu, kandi kugira ngo bizere ko batsinze urugamba. Amaherezo ingabo za Procopius zarahagaze zihindukirira abanzi babo zitegura kubarwanya. Noneho izo ngabo zibona ko zakoze ikosa, maze zisubira mu nkambi zazo zitegereje kongera gusubira kuri gahunda. Ubwo bumvaga urusaku rw’ingabo zibasatiriye, ndetse bataranabona ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse, bongeye gutahwa n’ubwoba bwinshi. Ibikomangoma, abasirikare bakuru ndetse n’abato bose bajugunya intwaro zabo maze bakwira imishwaro. Intumwa nkuru ya Papa yari iyoboye icyo gitero yagerageje kwegeranya ingabo ze zatashywe n’ubwoba kandi zatatatanye, ariko biba iby’ubusa. Nubwo yagerageje uko ashoboye, amaherezo nawe ubwe arahunga agenda mu ihururu ry’abahunga. Wa muvurungano wararangiye maze iminyago myinshi yongera kugwa mu maboko y’ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse. Uko ni ko ku ncuro ya kabiri, ingabo nyinshi zoherejwe n’ibihugu bikomeye by’i Burayi, ingabo z’intwari, ingabo zimenyereye intambara, zatojwe kandi zari zambariye urugamba, zaje guhunga zitarakura inkota mu rwubati imbere y’abarwaniraga ishyanga rito kandi ryari ritaragwiza imbaraga. Aha ni ho imbaraga y’Imana yigaragarije. Abanzi b’abubahamana batewe n’ubwoba budasanzwe. Uwatsinze ingabo za Farawo mu Nyanja Itukura, uwirukanye ingabo z’Abamidiyani imbere ya Gidiyoni n’abagabo magana atatu bari kumwe nawe, wa wundi watsembye ingabo z’Abasiriya mu ijoro rimwe gusa, niwe na none warambuye 79

<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />

kigabwa. Mu bihugu byose by’i Burayi aho ubupapa bwategekega, bakoranyije abantu,<br />

bateranya amafaranga n’intwaro z’intambara. Imbaga y’abantu benshi bitabiriye itegeko rya<br />

Papa bizeye ko amaherezo iby’abahakanyi bayobotse Huse bigiye kurangira. Ingabo nyinshi<br />

zinjiye i Boheme zifite ibyiringiro byo kuhatsinda. Abaturage bishyiriye hamwe kuzirwanya.<br />

Iyo mitwe ibiri y’ingabo yarasatiranye kugeza ubwo hagati yayo hasigaye umugezi<br />

uzitandukanya. “Izo ngabo zije kurimbura abayoboke ba Huse zari nyinshi cyane kandi zifite<br />

ibikoresho bikomeye, ariko aho kugira ngo zirohe mu mugezi maze zambuke zijye kurwanya<br />

abayoboke ba Huse, zahagaze hakurya zibatumbira zicecetse.” 68<br />

Uwo mwanya ubwoba budasanzwe bwatashye izo ngabo za papa. Zidashoboye no gukura<br />

inkota, izo ngabo zikomeye zatatanye nk’izirukanwe n’imbaraga itagaragara. Abenshi muri<br />

bo bicishijwe inkota n’ingabo zo mu bayoboke ba Huse zakurikiye abo bahungaga, ndetse<br />

zibanyaga iminyago myinshi ku buryo aho kugira ngo iyo ntambara ikeneshe ab’i Boheme,<br />

yarabakungahaje.<br />

Nyuma y’imyaka mike, himye umupapa mushya, maze hongera kugabwa ikindi gitero.<br />

Nk’uko byari byaragenze mbere, abantu, amafaranga n’intwaro byakusanyijwe bikuwe mu<br />

bihugu by’i Burayi biyoboka Papa. Abantu biyemezaga kujya muri uru rugamba rukaze<br />

basezeranirwaga agahimbazamusyi. Umuntu wese ugiye muri iyo ntambara yasezeranirwaga<br />

imbabazi z’ibyaha by’indengakamere yabashaga kuzakora. Abagwaga ku rugamba bose<br />

basezeranirwaga ingororano ikomeye mu ijuru, kandi abarokokaga bagombaga guhabwa<br />

icyubahiro n’ubukungu bakuye ku rugamba. Umutwe munini w’ingabo wongeye kuremwa<br />

maze abasirikire bambuka umupaka binjira i Boheme. Ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse zisubira<br />

inyuma kugira ngo zibareke bose binjire mu gihugu, kandi kugira ngo bizere ko batsinze<br />

urugamba. Amaherezo ingabo za Procopius zarahagaze zihindukirira abanzi babo zitegura<br />

kubarwanya. Noneho izo ngabo zibona ko zakoze ikosa, maze zisubira mu nkambi zazo<br />

zitegereje kongera gusubira kuri gahunda. Ubwo bumvaga urusaku rw’ingabo zibasatiriye,<br />

ndetse bataranabona ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse, bongeye gutahwa n’ubwoba bwinshi.<br />

Ibikomangoma, abasirikare bakuru ndetse n’abato bose bajugunya intwaro zabo maze<br />

bakwira imishwaro. Intumwa nkuru ya Papa yari iyoboye icyo gitero yagerageje kwegeranya<br />

ingabo ze zatashywe n’ubwoba kandi zatatatanye, ariko biba iby’ubusa. Nubwo yagerageje<br />

uko ashoboye, amaherezo nawe ubwe arahunga agenda mu ihururu ry’abahunga. Wa<br />

muvurungano wararangiye maze iminyago myinshi yongera kugwa mu maboko y’ingabo<br />

z’abayoboke ba Huse.<br />

Uko ni ko ku ncuro ya kabiri, ingabo nyinshi zoherejwe n’ibihugu bikomeye by’i Burayi,<br />

ingabo z’intwari, ingabo zimenyereye intambara, zatojwe kandi zari zambariye urugamba,<br />

zaje guhunga zitarakura inkota mu rwubati imbere y’abarwaniraga ishyanga rito kandi ryari<br />

ritaragwiza imbaraga. Aha ni ho imbaraga y’Imana yigaragarije. Abanzi b’abubahamana<br />

batewe n’ubwoba budasanzwe. Uwatsinze ingabo za Farawo mu Nyanja Itukura, uwirukanye<br />

ingabo z’Abamidiyani imbere ya Gidiyoni n’abagabo magana atatu bari kumwe nawe, wa<br />

wundi watsembye ingabo z’Abasiriya mu ijoro rimwe gusa, niwe na none warambuye<br />

79

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