Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.

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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri Muri Kaminuza, Huse yahise yigaragaza bitewe n’umwete we udacogora ndetse no kugwiza ubwenge mu buryo bwihuse, mu gihe kuba inziramakemwa kwe n’ubwitonzi, igikundiro n’ubupfura byamurangaga byamuhesheje icyubahiro muri Kaminuza yose. Yari umuyoboke w’umunyamwete w’itorero ry’i Roma kandi agahora aharanira kugera ku migisha y’umwuka rivuga ko ritanga. Ubwo igihe cyo gusaba imbabazi cyageraga, Huse yagiye kwicuza ibyaha bye atanga ituro ry’ibiceri yari asigaranye byonyine, aherako ajya mu mutambagiro kugira ngo abe mu bagiriwe imbabazi zasezeranwe. Arangije amasomo yigaga muri koleji yahise aba umupadiri maze ntiyatinda kugaragaza ubushobozi buhanitse mu byo akora bituma agirwa icyegera cy’i bwami. Yanagizwe kandi umwigisha muri Kaminuza yigiyemo maze nyuma yaho anagirwa umuyobozi wayo. Mu myaka mike wa munyeshuri w’umukene wigiye ku mfashanyo yari yamaze guhinduka ishema ry’igihugu cye, maze izina rye rimenyekana mu Burayi bwose. Ariko ku rundi ruhande Huse yatangiye umurimo w’ubugorozi. Hashize imyaka myinshi amaze guhabwa inshingano zo kuba umupadiri, yatorewe kuba umubwiriza wa Kiliziya y’i Betelehemu. Uwatangije iyo Kiliziya yari yarashyigikiye ko kubwiriza Ibyanditswe mu rurimi rwumvwa na rubanda rwose ari ingingo y’ingenzi. Nubwo abayobozi b’i Roma bari bararwanyije iyo mikorere, ntabwo i Boheme yari yarahashize burundu. Ariko kandi abantu bari bafite ubujiji bukomeye cyane mu bya Bibiliya, bityo ingeso mbi zikarangwa mu bantu bo mu nzego zose. Huse, adaciye ku ruhande, yamaganye byimazeyo iyo myitwarire mibi bikabije, yishingikirije ku Ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo ashimangire amahame y’ukuri n’ubutungane yacengezaga. Umuturage w’i Purage witwaga Jerome waje kuba incuti ikomeye ya Huse, yari yaravanye inyandiko za Wycliffe mu Bwongereza. Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza yari yarayobotse inyigisho za Wycliffe kandi yavukaga i Boheme. Bitewe n’ubushobozi yari afite, byatumye ibikorwa bya Wycliffe bikwira hose mu gihugu avukamo. Yohana Huse yasomye ibyo Wyclife yanditse abishishikariye; yizeraga ko uwabyanditse yari Umukristo wamaramaje, maze bimutera kwemera nta shiti ko iby’ubugorozi yaharaniraga bifite ishingiro. Nubwo atari abizi, Huse yari yamaze kwinjira mu nzira izamutandukanya na Roma. Muri ibyo bihe, i Prague hageze abagabo babiri baturutse mu Bwongereza, bari abahanga bize kandi bari barakiriye umucyo, bityo bari baje kuwukwirakwiza muri iki gihugu cya kure. Batangiye kurwanya ubutware bwa papa ku mugaragaro maze bidatinze bahita bacecekeshwa n’abategetsi. Babonye badashobora gutezuka ku ntego yabo, bashakishije ubundi buryo. Kubera ko bari abanyabukorikori bakaba n’ababwiriza, bahisemo gukoresha ubuhanga bwabo. Bashatse ahantu ku karubanda maze bahashushanya amashusho abiri. Ishusho imwe yerekanaga Kristo yinjira muri Yerusalemu “afite ubugwaneza kandi ahetswe n’indogobe,” 45ndetse akurikiwe n’abigishwa be bambaye imyambaro yasazishijwe n’urugendo kandi nta nkweto bambaye. Ikindi gishushanyo cyerekanaga Papa ashagawe, yambaye imyambaro ye y’igiciro cyinshi, umutwe utamirijwe ikamba kandi agendera ku ifarashi irimbishijwe ibintu 66

Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri by’igiciro, abanjirijwe n’abantu bavuza impanda, kandi akurikiwe n’abakaridinali n’abandi bayobozi bakuru mu by’idini bambaye imyambaro ishashagirana. Icyo cyari ikibwirizwa cyakuruye intekerezo z’abantu bo mu nzego zose. Abantu benshi bazaga kwitegereza ibyo bishushanyo. Nta muntu n’umwe utarabashaga kumenya icyo byigisha, kandi abantu benshi batangazwaga cyane n’itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwicisha bugufi n’ineza bya Kristo, no kwishyira hejuru n’ubwibone bya Papa wavugaga ko ari umugaragu we. Muri Prague habaye gukangarana gukomeye maze hashize igihe gito, abo banyamahanga babona ko byababera byiza kwimuka aho kugira ngo batahagirira amakuba. Nyamara icyigisho bari barigishije nticyibagiranye. Ayo mashusho yakoze ku mutima wa Huse maze amutera kwiga Bibiliya n’inyandiko za Wycliffe abishimikiriye. Nubwo icyo gihe atari yiteguye kwemera impinduka zose Wycliffe yari ashyigikiye, yarushijeho kubona neza imiterere nyakuri y’ubupapa, maze aza kuzahagurukana umurava mwinshi arwanya ubwibone, kurarikira, n’imikorere mibi birangwa mu nzego z’ubutegetsi bwa Papa. Umucyo waturutse i Boheme ugera mu Budage kuko imyivumbagatanyo muri Kaminuza ya Prague yatumye abanyeshuri b’Abadage amagana menshi bahagarika kwiga. Benshi muri bo bari baramaze kugezwaho na Huse ubumenyi bw’ibanze bwo muri Bibiliya maze basubiye iwabo bamamaza ubutumwa bwiza mu gihugu cyabo. Inkuru z’ibyakorerwaga i Prague zageze i Roma maze bidatinze Huse ahamagarirwa kwitaba Papa. Kumvira iryo hamagara byari ukwishyira urupfu byanze bikunze. Umwami n’umwamikazi b’i Boheme, Kaminuza yose, bamwe mu bakomeye n’abategetsi ba Leta bashyira hamwe basaba Papa ko yareka Huse akaguma i Purage maze ahubwo akohereza intumwa i Roma mu mwanya we. Aho kwemera icyo cyifuzo, Papa yahereyeko acira Huse urubanza, kandi avuga ko umujyi wa Prague uciwe. Muri icyo gihe, iyo ugucirwaho iteka nk’iryo igihe cyose kwabagaho, byagombaga kumenyeshwa hose. Imihango yabiherekezaga yabaga igendereye gutera ubwoba abantu barebaga Papa nk’uhagarariye Imana ku isi, kandi akaba afite imfunguzo z’ijuru n’iz’ikuzimu ndetse afite n’ubushobozi bwo guca amateka yo ku isi kimwe n’ay’iby’umwuka. Abantu bizeraga ko inzugi zo mu ijuru zari zikinzwe ku karere kaciwe na Papa, kandi ko kugeza igihe Papa azabishakira maze agakuraho icyo gihano, abantu bapfa bo muri ako karere badashobora kwakirwa mu munezero w’ijuru. Kubwo kwerekana ikimenyetso cy’uwo muvumo ukabije, imirimo yose y’idini muri Prague yarahagaritswe. Insengero zirakingwa, imihango y’ubukwe igakorerwa mu gikari cy’urusengero. Babuzanyije guhamba abapfuye mu irimbi ryabiteganyirijwe ahubwo bahambwaga mu migende cyangwa mu mirima nta mihango yo kubashyingura ikozwe. Nguko uko Roma yagerageje kwigarurira intekerezo z’abantu ikoresheje ingamba zikora ku ntekerezo. 67

<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />

Muri Kaminuza, Huse yahise yigaragaza bitewe n’umwete we udacogora ndetse no<br />

kugwiza ubwenge mu buryo bwihuse, mu gihe kuba inziramakemwa kwe n’ubwitonzi,<br />

igikundiro n’ubupfura byamurangaga byamuhesheje icyubahiro muri Kaminuza yose. Yari<br />

umuyoboke w’umunyamwete w’itorero ry’i Roma kandi agahora aharanira kugera ku migisha<br />

y’umwuka rivuga ko ritanga. Ubwo igihe cyo gusaba imbabazi cyageraga, Huse yagiye<br />

kwicuza ibyaha bye atanga ituro ry’ibiceri yari asigaranye byonyine, aherako ajya mu<br />

mutambagiro kugira ngo abe mu bagiriwe imbabazi zasezeranwe. Arangije amasomo yigaga<br />

muri koleji yahise aba umupadiri maze ntiyatinda kugaragaza ubushobozi buhanitse mu byo<br />

akora bituma agirwa icyegera cy’i bwami. Yanagizwe kandi umwigisha muri Kaminuza<br />

yigiyemo maze nyuma yaho anagirwa umuyobozi wayo. Mu myaka mike wa munyeshuri<br />

w’umukene wigiye ku mfashanyo yari yamaze guhinduka ishema ry’igihugu cye, maze izina<br />

rye rimenyekana mu Burayi bwose.<br />

Ariko ku rundi ruhande Huse yatangiye umurimo w’ubugorozi. Hashize imyaka myinshi<br />

amaze guhabwa inshingano zo kuba umupadiri, yatorewe kuba umubwiriza wa Kiliziya y’i<br />

Betelehemu. Uwatangije iyo Kiliziya yari yarashyigikiye ko kubwiriza Ibyanditswe mu<br />

rurimi rwumvwa na rubanda rwose ari ingingo y’ingenzi. Nubwo abayobozi b’i Roma bari<br />

bararwanyije iyo mikorere, ntabwo i Boheme yari yarahashize burundu. Ariko kandi abantu<br />

bari bafite ubujiji bukomeye cyane mu bya Bibiliya, bityo ingeso mbi zikarangwa mu bantu<br />

bo mu nzego zose. Huse, adaciye ku ruhande, yamaganye byimazeyo iyo myitwarire mibi<br />

bikabije, yishingikirije ku Ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo ashimangire amahame y’ukuri<br />

n’ubutungane yacengezaga.<br />

Umuturage w’i Purage witwaga Jerome waje kuba incuti ikomeye ya Huse, yari yaravanye<br />

inyandiko za Wycliffe mu Bwongereza. Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza yari yarayobotse<br />

inyigisho za Wycliffe kandi yavukaga i Boheme. Bitewe n’ubushobozi yari afite, byatumye<br />

ibikorwa bya Wycliffe bikwira hose mu gihugu avukamo. Yohana Huse yasomye ibyo<br />

Wyclife yanditse abishishikariye; yizeraga ko uwabyanditse yari Umukristo wamaramaje,<br />

maze bimutera kwemera nta shiti ko iby’ubugorozi yaharaniraga bifite ishingiro. Nubwo atari<br />

abizi, Huse yari yamaze kwinjira mu nzira izamutandukanya na Roma.<br />

Muri ibyo bihe, i Prague hageze abagabo babiri baturutse mu Bwongereza, bari abahanga<br />

bize kandi bari barakiriye umucyo, bityo bari baje kuwukwirakwiza muri iki gihugu cya kure.<br />

Batangiye kurwanya ubutware bwa papa ku mugaragaro maze bidatinze bahita bacecekeshwa<br />

n’abategetsi. Babonye badashobora gutezuka ku ntego yabo, bashakishije ubundi buryo.<br />

Kubera ko bari abanyabukorikori bakaba n’ababwiriza, bahisemo gukoresha ubuhanga<br />

bwabo. Bashatse ahantu ku karubanda maze bahashushanya amashusho abiri. Ishusho imwe<br />

yerekanaga Kristo yinjira muri Yerusalemu “afite ubugwaneza kandi ahetswe n’indogobe,”<br />

45ndetse akurikiwe n’abigishwa be bambaye imyambaro yasazishijwe n’urugendo kandi nta<br />

nkweto bambaye. Ikindi gishushanyo cyerekanaga Papa ashagawe, yambaye imyambaro ye<br />

y’igiciro cyinshi, umutwe utamirijwe ikamba kandi agendera ku ifarashi irimbishijwe ibintu<br />

66

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