Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
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<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />
Bwongereza. Aho yahigiye ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi byagombaga kumufasha cyane mu<br />
mirimo ye yajyaga kuzakurikiraho. Izo ntumwa zari zoherejwe na Papa, Wycliffe<br />
yazibonyemo imico nyakuri ndetse n’intego by’inzego zitandukanye mu buyobozi bw’idini.<br />
Yagarutse mu Bwongereza gukomeza inyigisho yigishaga mbere abikora yeruye afite<br />
n’umwete mwinshi, akavuga ko umururumba, ubwibone n’uburyarya ari byo Roma yagize<br />
imana zayo.<br />
Imwe mu nyandiko ze, ubwo Wycliffe yavugaga ku bya Papa n’abasoresha yashyizeho,<br />
yaravuze ati: ” Bavoma ibyajyaga kubeshaho abakene bo mu gihugu cyacu, ndetse n’ibihumbi<br />
byinshi bya zahabu n’ifeza baka mu butunzi bw’umwami buri mwaka bigakoreshwa mu<br />
masakaramentu n’ibindi bintu by’umwuka, kandi ari ubuyobe bukabije bwo kugura no<br />
kugurisha iby’umwuka byatumye Abakristo bose babyemera bakanashikama muri byo.<br />
Yarakomeje ati, ‘Kandi nubwo ubutegetsi bwacu bufite umusozi munini w’izahabu utagira<br />
undi uwukoraho uretse bariya basoresha bakorera umwepisikopi w’umwibone watwawe<br />
n’iby’isi; uko igihe kizagenda gihita, uyu musozi uzashiraho kuko akomeza kuvunguraho<br />
atwara amafaranga y’igihugu cyacu ntacyo yinjizamo kitari umuvumo w’Imana gusa binyuze<br />
mu kugura no kugurisha iby’umwuka.” 34<br />
Ubwo hari hashize igihe gito Wycliffe agarutse mu Bwongereza, umwami yamushinze<br />
kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa Lutterworth. Ibi byari igihamya cy’uko umwami yanejejwe<br />
n’ibyo Wycliffe yavugaga yeruye. Impinduka Wycliffe yateje zagaragaye mu gutunganya<br />
imikorere ibwami ndetse no kugorora imyizerere y’igihugu cyose.<br />
Inkuba ziturutse kwa Papa zahise zimwibasira. Inzandiko eshatu za Papa zoherejwe mu<br />
Bwongereza: rumwe rwoherezwa kuri kaminuza, urundi ku mwami, naho urundi<br />
rwohererezwa abayobozi bakuru b’idini. Izo nzandiko zose zategekaga ko hafatwa ibyemezo<br />
byihutiwe kandi bidakebakeba byo gucecekesha uwo muntu wigisha ubuyobe.” 35<br />
Ariko mbere y’uko izo nzandiko ziza, abepisikopi bari bihutiye gufata icyemezo ubwabo<br />
cyo guhamagaza Wycliffe ngo bamucire urubanza. Nyamara babiri mu bikomangoma<br />
bikomeye by’ibwami bamuherekeje mu rukiko ndetse n’abaturage bari bazengurutse<br />
inyubako bisuka mu cyumba baciramo imanza bityo abacamanza bagira ubwoba ku buryo<br />
urubanza rwahagaritswe maze Wycliffe abasha gusohoka agenda amahoro.<br />
Bitinze gato, Eduwaridi wa III (Edouard III), uwo abepesikopi bashakaga gukoresha ngo<br />
arwanye umugorozi Wycliffe, ariko akaza gupfa azize ubusaza, asimburwa n’umuntu wari<br />
ushyigikiye Wycliffe, aba umusigire ku ngoma.<br />
Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, kuza kw’inzandiko za Papa kwashimangiraga itegeko<br />
Ubwongereza bugomba kubahiriza ryo gufata no gufunga uwanyuranyaga n’inyigisho za<br />
Papa. Izo ngamba zerekezaga ku gihano cyo kubohera umuntu ku mbago agatwikwa.<br />
Byagaragaye neza ko bidatinze Wycliffe agiye guhinduka umuhigo wa Roma<br />
ikamwihimuraho. Nyamara uwari warigeze kubwira umukurambere Aburamu ati: “Witinya,<br />
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