Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.

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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri bushushanywa n’inyamaswa isa n’ingwe.” Nuko inyamaswa y’amahembe abiri itegeka abatuye ku isi kurema igishushanyo cy’inyamaswa, maze itera bose aboroheje n’abakomeye, abatunzi n’abakene, n’ab’umudendezo n’ab’imbata, gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cy’inyamaswa.” 12 Byagaragaye neza ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ari ububasha bushushanywa n’inyamaswa ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwana w’intama, kandi ko ubu buhanuzi buzasohozwa igihe Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika zizahatira abantu kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday), nk’ikimenyetso kidasanzwe kiranga gukomera kwa Roma. Ariko muri uko kuramya ubupapa, Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika ntizaba iri yonyine. Ibyo Roma yakoresheje mu bihugu yari yarigaruriye bizaba bitarashiraho burundu. Na none ubuhanuzi bwavuga ko Roma izongera kugarurirwa ububasha bwayo. ” Nuko mbona umwe mu mitwe yayo usa n’ukomeretse uruguma rwica; ariko urwo ruguma rwayishe rurakira. Abari mu isi bose bakurikira iyo nyamaswa bayitangarira”. 13 Gukomereka uruguma rwica, bisobanura gutsindwa k’ubupapa mu mwaka wa 1798. Umuhanuzi aravuga ati “hanyuma y’ibyo, rwa ruguma rwica rwarakize, maze abantu bose bo ku isi bakurikira iyo nyamaswa bayitangarira.’‘ Pawulo yerekana yeruye ko ‘uwo mwana wo kurimbuka azakomeza kubaho kugeza Yesu agarutse. Hafi y’iherezo ry’ibihe, azashyira ahagaragara imirimo ye y’ubushukanyi. Kandi Umuhishuzi yerekana ubupapa aravuga ati “Abari mu isi bose bazayiramya, umuntu wese izina rye ritanditswe mu gitabo cy’ubugingo”. Ari mu isi ya kera no mu ya none, ubupapa buzahabwa ikuzo binyuze mu kuruhuka ku Cyumweru byerekana nta gushidikanya ububasha bw’itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Guhera hagati y’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, abigaga iby’ubuhanuzi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, batanze ubu buhamya ku isi yose. Ibyo tubona byaduka mu isi muri iki gihe, byerekana ko ibyahanuwe biri bugufi gusohora. Abigisha b’Abaporotesitanti, bahamya ko kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday) byategetswe n’Imana, nyamara bakabura ibihamya mu Byanditswe Byera, nk’abayobozi b’ubupapa, bahimbye ibitangaza kugira ngo bimure itegeko ry’Imana. Amagambo akomeje kwemeza ko iteka ry’Imana riri ku bantu bagomera itegeko ryo kuruhuka Isabato-Cyumweru (Icyumweru sabato), yatangiye gukurikizwa. Kandi imyigishirize ihatira abantu kuruhuka ku Cyumweru ubu iramenyerezwa kandi yahawe intebe. Ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubucakura bw’Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma buratangaje. Rishobora kugenzura ibizaba. Rikoresha igihe cyaryo neza, rireba uko amatorero y’Abaporotesitanti aryunamira igihe yemera Isabato y’ibinyoma, kandi rikaba ryitegura kuzayihatira umuntu wese nk’uko ryakoze mu myaka ya kera. Abirengagiza umucyo w’ukuri, bazitabaza abo biyita ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kuba batagikora icyaha, bagamije gushyira hejuru ibyo bihimbiye ubwabo. Uburyo biteguye kwifashisha itorero ry’Abaporotesitanti muri uwo murimo ni ibintu bitabagoye. Ninde usobanukiwe cyane n’uko bagenza abanze kumvira itorero kuruta abayobozi b’ubupapa ? Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma hamwe n’amashami yaryo yose ku isi, bakoze gahunda imwe ikomeye, bagamije guharanira inyungu z’ubupapa. Milioni nyinshi z’abizera bo mu bihugu 418

Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri byose byo ku isi, bigishijwe gufatanyiriza hamwe, maze bakayoboka ubutegetsi bwa Papa. Aho baba bakomoka hose, uko ubutegetsi bwabo bwaba bukomeye kose, bakwiriye kumenya ko ububasha bw’itorero buri hejuru y’ibyo byose. N’ubwo barahira basezerana ko bazubaha Leta y’iwabo, ariko inyuma y’iyo ndahiro haba hari umuhigo bahize wo kumvira Papa, ubakuriraho ibihano by’izindi ndahiro baba bararahiye. 14 Amateka ahamya neza ko ubupapa butahwemye gukoresha ubucakura n’umwete mwinshi mu kwivanga muri gahunda za Leta z’ibihugu; maze bwamara kuhashinga ikirenge, bugasohoza imigambi yabwo, ndetse bukarimbura ibikomangoma n’abaturage. Mu mwaka wa1204, Papa Inosenti wa III yifashishije indahiro y’akataraboneka ya Petero wa II, Umwami w’Aragon, iyo ndahiro ikaba iteye itya:” Jyewe Petero, Umwami w’Abanyaragon, mpamije kandi nsezeranye kuzahora ndi indahemuka kandi numvira databuja Papa Inosenti n’abandi bapapa bazamusimbura, n’itorero rya Roma, kandi ubwami bwanjye bugakomeza kumwumvira, nzaharanira ukwizera Gatolika, kandi abazaguhakana nzabamarira ku icumu. ‘’Iyo ndahiro yari ihuje n’ibyo ububasha bwa Papa butegeka,” bigaragaza ko ‘’yari afite ububasha bwo gushyiraho abami’‘ kandi agashobora gukuraho bamwe batashoboye gukomeza indahiro barahiye.” 14 Nuko rero duhore twibuka ko Roma yirata ko itazigera ihinduka. Amahame ya Gregoire wa VII na Inosenti wa III aracyari amahame y’ itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Kandi iyo riza kugira imbaraga, ryajyaga gushyira ayo mahame mu bikorwa ntakuzuyaza rikoresheje imbaraga nko mu binyejana byashize. Abaporotesitanti ntibasobanukiwe bihagije icyatumye bemera gufatanya na Roma igikorwa cyo kuramya ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru. Naho Abagatolika bo, mu gushishikarira gusohoza umugambi wabo, itorero ry’i Roma rigambiriye kugarura ikuzo ryaryo ryari ryarabuze. Mureke ayo mabwiriza atangizwe muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, maze ubutegetsi bwa Leta buhatire abantu ibyo itorero; muri make, ububasha bw’itorero na Leta nibyo bizajya bigenga umutimanama w’abantu, ubwo nibwo insinzi y’itorero ry’i Roma muri icyo gihugu izaba igezweho. Ijambo ry’Imana ryatanze imiburo ku kaga kagiye gutera; mureke ibyo byirengagizwe, maze abaporotesitanti bagere aho bamenye neza imigambi nyakuri ya Roma, uretse ko bazabyibuka barakererewe batagifite uburyo bigobotora muri uwo mutego baguyemo. Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma riragenda risatira ububasha bwaryo ryahoranye bucece. Inyigisho zaryo mu biterane, muri za kiliziya, zirategura inzira mu mitima y’abantu. Riregura rwihishwa inyubako yaryo yaguye kugira ngo rigarure akarengane ku bataryemera. Rirahuriza hamwe imbaraga zaryo, ritegura intwaro bucece kandi ntacyo ryikanga kugira ngo igihe nikigera rishoze intambara. Ritegereje gusa ko igihe kigera kandi icyo gihe ryamaze kugihabwa. Bidatinze, tugiye kureba kandi twumve, nibwo tuzamenya itorero ry’i Roma icyo ari cyo. Umuntu wese uzizera kandi akumvira Ijambo ry’Imana, azahasakiranira n’ibigeragezo n’akarengane. 419

<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />

byose byo ku isi, bigishijwe gufatanyiriza hamwe, maze bakayoboka ubutegetsi bwa Papa.<br />

Aho baba bakomoka hose, uko ubutegetsi bwabo bwaba bukomeye kose, bakwiriye kumenya<br />

ko ububasha bw’itorero buri hejuru y’ibyo byose. N’ubwo barahira basezerana ko bazubaha<br />

Leta y’iwabo, ariko inyuma y’iyo ndahiro haba hari umuhigo bahize wo kumvira Papa,<br />

ubakuriraho ibihano by’izindi ndahiro baba bararahiye. 14<br />

Amateka ahamya neza ko ubupapa butahwemye gukoresha ubucakura n’umwete mwinshi<br />

mu kwivanga muri gahunda za Leta z’ibihugu; maze bwamara kuhashinga ikirenge,<br />

bugasohoza imigambi yabwo, ndetse bukarimbura ibikomangoma n’abaturage. Mu mwaka<br />

wa1204, Papa Inosenti wa III yifashishije indahiro y’akataraboneka ya Petero wa II, Umwami<br />

w’Aragon, iyo ndahiro ikaba iteye itya:” Jyewe Petero, Umwami w’Abanyaragon, mpamije<br />

kandi nsezeranye kuzahora ndi indahemuka kandi numvira databuja Papa Inosenti n’abandi<br />

bapapa bazamusimbura, n’itorero rya Roma, kandi ubwami bwanjye bugakomeza<br />

kumwumvira, nzaharanira ukwizera Gatolika, kandi abazaguhakana nzabamarira ku icumu.<br />

‘’Iyo ndahiro yari ihuje n’ibyo ububasha bwa Papa butegeka,” bigaragaza ko ‘’yari afite<br />

ububasha bwo gushyiraho abami’‘ kandi agashobora gukuraho bamwe batashoboye<br />

gukomeza indahiro barahiye.” 14<br />

Nuko rero duhore twibuka ko Roma yirata ko itazigera ihinduka. Amahame ya Gregoire<br />

wa VII na Inosenti wa III aracyari amahame y’ itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Kandi iyo riza<br />

kugira imbaraga, ryajyaga gushyira ayo mahame mu bikorwa ntakuzuyaza rikoresheje<br />

imbaraga nko mu binyejana byashize. Abaporotesitanti ntibasobanukiwe bihagije icyatumye<br />

bemera gufatanya na Roma igikorwa cyo kuramya ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru. Naho<br />

Abagatolika bo, mu gushishikarira gusohoza umugambi wabo, itorero ry’i Roma rigambiriye<br />

kugarura ikuzo ryaryo ryari ryarabuze. Mureke ayo mabwiriza atangizwe muri Leta zunze<br />

ubumwe za Amerika, maze ubutegetsi bwa Leta buhatire abantu ibyo itorero; muri make,<br />

ububasha bw’itorero na Leta nibyo bizajya bigenga umutimanama w’abantu, ubwo nibwo<br />

insinzi y’itorero ry’i Roma muri icyo gihugu izaba igezweho.<br />

Ijambo ry’Imana ryatanze imiburo ku kaga kagiye gutera; mureke ibyo byirengagizwe,<br />

maze abaporotesitanti bagere aho bamenye neza imigambi nyakuri ya Roma, uretse ko<br />

bazabyibuka barakererewe batagifite uburyo bigobotora muri uwo mutego baguyemo. Itorero<br />

Gatolika ry’i Roma riragenda risatira ububasha bwaryo ryahoranye bucece. Inyigisho zaryo<br />

mu biterane, muri za kiliziya, zirategura inzira mu mitima y’abantu. Riregura rwihishwa<br />

inyubako yaryo yaguye kugira ngo rigarure akarengane ku bataryemera. Rirahuriza hamwe<br />

imbaraga zaryo, ritegura intwaro bucece kandi ntacyo ryikanga kugira ngo igihe nikigera<br />

rishoze intambara. Ritegereje gusa ko igihe kigera kandi icyo gihe ryamaze kugihabwa.<br />

Bidatinze, tugiye kureba kandi twumve, nibwo tuzamenya itorero ry’i Roma icyo ari cyo.<br />

Umuntu wese uzizera kandi akumvira Ijambo ry’Imana, azahasakiranira n’ibigeragezo<br />

n’akarengane.<br />

419

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