Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
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<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />
gukomoka ahantu hatari hasanzwe hatuwe. Umwanditsi w’ikirangirire yasobanuye<br />
umwaduko wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika maze avuga iby’” amayobera y’umwaduko<br />
wayo ivuye ahantu hadatuwe,” bityo aravuga ati: “Nk’uko urubuto ruba rwicecekeye ni ko<br />
twakuze tuba igihugu cy’igihangange.” 613<br />
Mu mwaka wa 1850, ikinyamakuru cyo mu Burayi cyavuze ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za<br />
Amerika ari ubutegetsi butangaje, ‘bwarushagaho gukomera’ kandi ‘bwongeraga imbaraga<br />
zabwo n’ishema ryabwo buri munsi mu gihe isi yose ituje.’ Uwitwa Edward Everett, mu<br />
ijambo yavuze ku Bagenzi bashinze iki gihugu, yaravuze ati: “Mbese bashakaga ahantu<br />
hitaruye, ahantu hari amahoro kandi hatuje kubwo kuba hitaruye ahandi, ahantu itorero rito<br />
ry’i Leyden ryagombaga kwishimira umudendezo wo gukurikiza ijwi ry’umutimana?<br />
Nimwitegereze amadini akomeye bashinzeho amabendera y’umusaraba mu kuhigarurira mu<br />
buryo bw’amahoro!” 614<br />
“Kandi yari ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwana w’intama.” Amahembe nk’ay’umwana<br />
w’intama yerekana ubuto, ubutungane n’ubugwaneza, bigaragaza neza imico ya Leta Zunze<br />
Ubumwe za Amerika ubwo yagaragarizwaga umuhanuzi ko “izazamuka mu butaka” mu<br />
mwaka wa 1798 N.K. Mu Bakristo b’impunzi bahungiye muri Amerika bwa mbere kandi<br />
bashakaga aho bikinga gukandamizwa n’abami no kudacirwa akari urutega n’abapadiri,<br />
harimo benshi biyemeje gushinga ubutegetsi ku rufatiro rugari rw’umudendezo mu butegetsi<br />
no mu by’idini. Ibitekerezo byabo byagaragarijwe mu Itangazo ry’Ubwigenge, rishyira<br />
ahagaragara ukuri gukomeye kuvuga ko “abantu bose baremwe bangana” kandi ririmo<br />
uburenganzira ntakuka bwo “kubaho, umudendezo no gushaka icyanezeza umuntu.” Kandi<br />
Itegeko-nshinga ryemerera abantu bose uburenganzira bwo kwishyira bakizana, rikavuga ko<br />
abahagarariye abandi batowe na rubanda bazashyiraho amategeko kandi bagahagaranira ko<br />
yubahirizwa. Hatanzwe kandi umudendezo mu myizerere y’iby’idini, umuntu wese ahabwa<br />
uburenganzira bwo gusenga Imana akurikije uko umutimanama we ubimutegeka. Amahame<br />
y’ubutegetsi bw’abaturage615 ndetse n’ay’Ubuporotesitanti, yahindutse amahame fatizo<br />
y’icyo gihugu. Ayo mahame ni yo banga ry’imbaraga no kugubwa neza by’icyo gihugu. Abari<br />
barakandamijwe kandi batotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bya gikristo bagiye bajya muri iki<br />
gihugu babishishikariye kandi bafite ibyiringiro. Abantu miliyoni nyinshi bashakaga uko<br />
bagera ku nkengero zayo, bityo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zarakuze zigira umwanya<br />
mu bihugu by’ibihangange byo ku isi.<br />
Nyamara inyamaswa ifite amahembe nk’ay’umwana w’intama, “yavugaga nk’ikiyoka.<br />
Itegekesha ububasha bwose bwa ya nyamaswa ya mbere mu maso yayo, ihata isi n’abayirimo<br />
ngo baramye ya nyamaswa ya mbere yakize uruguma rwayishe; . . . ibabwira kurema<br />
igishushanyo cya ya nyamaswa yari ikomerekejwe n’inkota ikabaho.” 616<br />
Amahembe nk’ay’umwana w’intama n’ijwi ry’ikiyoka bikoreshwa mu bigereranyo,<br />
byerekana ukuvuguruzanya gukomeye kuri hagati y’ibivugwa n’iryo shyanga ndetse<br />
n’imikorere yaryo. Ukuvuga kw’igihugu gusobanuye igikorwa n’ububasha bw’amategeko<br />
322
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