Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.

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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri mu buryo bukomeye, kandi nta kindi cyashyizweho cyigisha uku kuri. Urufatiro nyakuri rwo gusenga Imana ntirushingiye ku kuramya ku munsi wa karindwi gusa, ahubwo mu kuramya kose, uko kuramya gushingiye ku itandukaniro riri hagati y’Umuremyi n’ibiremwa bye. Uko kuri gukomeye ntigushobora guta agaciro cyangwa ngo kwibagirane na hato. 610 Imana yatangije Isabato muri Edeni ari ukugira ngo uku kuri gukomeze kuba mu bwenge bw’abantu; kandi igihe cyose igihamya cy’uko ari yo Muremyi gikomeje kuba impamvu y’uko dukwiriye kuyiramya, ni ko Isabato izahora ari ikimenyetso n’urwibutso rw’uko Imana ari Umuremyi. Iyo Isabato iza kuba yarubahirijwe n’abantu bo ku isi yose, ibitekerezo by’abantu n’urukundo rwabo biba byarerekejwe ku Muremyi akaba ari we wubahwa kandi agasengwa. Ntabwo haba harabayeho umuntu usenga ibigirwamana, uhakana Imana n’utizera. Kubahiriza Isabato ni ikimenyetso cyo kuyoboka Imana nyakuri, ‘Yo yaremye ijuru n’isi n’inyanja n’amasoko y’amazi.” Igikurikiraho ni uko ubutumwa butegeka abantu kuramya Imana no gukurikiza amategeko yayo, mu buryo bw’umwihariko, buzabahamagarira gukurikiza itegeko rya kane. Mu buryo butandukanye n’abakurikiza amategeko y’Imana kandi bakizera Yesu, marayika wa gatatu avuga ku rindi tsinda rifite ubuyobe bwatumye rihabwa umuburo ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba muri aya magambo: “Umuntu naramya ya nyamaswa n’igishushanyo cyayo, agashyirwaho ikimenyetso cyayo mu ruhanga rwe cyangwa ku kiganza, uwo ni we uzanywa ku nzoga ni yo mujinya w’Imana.” (Ibyahishuwe 14:9,10). Ubusobanuro nyakuri bw’ibi bimenyetso byakoreshejwe burakenewe cyane kugira ngo ubu butumwa bwumvikane. Inyamaswa isobanura iki ? igishushanyo n’ikimenyetso se byo ni iki ? Umurongo w’ubuhanuzi ibi bimenyetso bibonekamo uri mu Byahishuwe 12, ahavugwa ikiyoka cyashakaga kurimbura Kristo akivuka. Icyo kiyoka ni Satani (Ibyahishuwe 12 : 9), ni we wahagurukije Herode kugira ngo yice Umukiza. Ariko umukozi mukuru wa Satani mu kurwanya Kristo n’abe wabayeho mu kinyejana cya mbere mu gihe cya Gikristo, ni ingoma y’Abaroma yarangwaga n’idini ya gipagani. Bityo rero, mu gihe ku ikubitiro ikiyoka gihagarariye Satani, mu busobanuro bwa kabiri, icyo kiyoka ni ikimenyetso gihagarariye Roma ya gipagani. Mu gice cya 13 cy’Ibyahishuwe (umurongo wa 1 — 10) havugwa indi nyamaswa, ‘isa n’ingwe,’ ikiyoka cyayihaye ‘imbaraga zacyo, n’intebe yacyo y’Ubwami, n’ububasha bukomeye.” Iki kimenyetso nk’uko Abaporotesitanti benshi babyizera, cyerekana Ubupapa, kuko ari bwo bwasimbuye ingoma ya kera y’Abaroma bugafata ubutware n’intebe n’ububasha byari bifitwe n’ubwo bwami. Inyamaswa isa n’ingwe yavuzweho ibi ngo: “Ihabwa akanwa kavuga ibikomeye, n’ibyo gutuka Imana. . . . Ibumburira akanwa kayo gutuka Imana no gutuka izina ryayo n’ihema ryayo, n’ababa mu ijuru. Ihabwa kurwanya abera no kubanesha, ihabwa no gutwara imiryango yose n’amoko yose n’indimi zose n’amahanga yose.” Ubu buhanuzi buri hafi guhwana n’ibyavuzwe ku gahembe gato ko muri Daniel 7, nta gushidikanya bwerekeza ku bupapa. 320

Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri Iyo nyamaswa yahawe imbaraga ngo imare amezi mirongo ine n’abiri. Ubuhanuzi nawe aravuga ati: “Mbona umwe mu mitwe yayo usa n’ukomeretse uruguma rwica.” Arongera akavuga ati: “Nihagira ujyana abandi ho iminyago, na we ubwe azajyanwa ho umunyago: kandi uwicisha abandi inkota, na we akwiriye kwicishwa inkota.” Amezi mirongo ine n’abiri ahwanye “n’igihe n’ibihe n’igice cy’igihe,” imyaka itatu n’igice cyangwa iminsi 1260, yo muri Daniyeli 7, icyo kikaba ari igihe ubupapa bwamaze burenganya abantu b’Imana. Iki gihe nk’uko cyavuzwe mu bice bibanza, cyatangiranye no guhabwa isumbwe k’ubupapa mu mwaka wa 538 N.K kandi kirangira mu mwaka wa 1798 N.K. Icyo gihe (mu 1798) Papa yafashwe n’ingabo z’Abafaransa zimujyanaho umunyago, maze ubupapa bukomereka uruguma rwica, bityo ibyari byaravuzwe birasohora ngo: “Nihagira ujyana abandi ho iminyago, na we ubwe azajyanwa ho umunyago.” Kuri iyi ngingo hongera kuvugwa ikindi kimenyetso. Umuhanuzi aravuga ati: “Nuko mbona indi nyamaswa izamuka iva mu butaka. Iyo yo yari ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwana w’intama.” (Ibyahishuwe 13:11). Uko iyi nyamaswa isa ndetse n’uburyo yadutse byerekana ko ishyanga ishushanya ritandukanye n’andi mahanga yavuzwe mu bimenyetso byabanje. Daniyeli yeretswe ubwami bukomeye bwategetse isi mu bigereranyo by’inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba zaje zikurikiranye ubwo ‘imiyaga ine yo mu ijuru yahubukiraga mu nyanja nini.” 611 Mu Byahishuwe 17, umumarayika yasobanuye ko “amazi agereranya abantu, amoko menshi, amahanga menshi n’indimi nyinshi.” 612 Imiyaga ishushanya intambara. Imiyaga ine yo mu ijuru ihuha mu nyanja nini, yerekana ibintu bibi bikabije byabaye mu ntambara no kwivumbagatanya izo ingoma zakoresheje ngo zigere ku butegetsi. Ariko inyamaswa ifite amahembe nk’ay’umwana w’intama yo yari ‘ivuye mu butaka.” Mu cyimbo cyo guhirika izindi ngoma ngo yimike iyayo, iryo shyanga ryagereranyijwe n’inyamaswa ivuye mu butaka ryavutse ahantu hatari hasanzwe hagenzurwa (hatuwe n’abantu) kandi ryakuze buhoro buhoro no mu buryo bw’amahoro. Iyo nyamaswa ntiyakomotse mu bihugu by’amahanga yo mu Isi ya kera, ari byo byagereranyaga n’inyanja yivumbagatanya y’“amoko menshi, amahanga menshi n’indimi nyinshi.” Yakomotse ku Mugabane w’Uburengerazuba. None se ni ikihe gihugu cy’ahiswe Isi Nshya cyakuraga gikomera mu mwaka wa 1798 N.K, kikaba cyaragaragarwagaho ko kizagira ububasha no gukomera ndetse kigakurura intekerezo z’abatuye isi? Gukoresha ibimenyetso nta kibazo kirimo. Ishyanga rimwe, kandi rimwe gusa, ni ryo ryuzuza ibyavuzwe n’ubu buhanuzi. Bwerekeje mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Inshuro nyinshi, igitekerezo ndetse hafi y’amagambo yose yakoreshejwe n’umwanditsi w’inyandiko zera, mu buryo butagambiriwe, byagiye bikoreshwa n’abanditsi b’amateka basobanura ukwaduka no gukura by’iryo shyanga. Inyamaswa yabonetse ‘izamuka iva mu butaka’ kandi dukurikije abasobanuzi, ijambo ryakoreshejwe ryo “kuzamuka” mu busobanuro butimbitse rivuga “ukumbura, ugupfupfunuka nk’ikimera.” Kandi nk’uko twabibonye, iryo shyanga rigomba 321

<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />

Iyo nyamaswa yahawe imbaraga ngo imare amezi mirongo ine n’abiri. Ubuhanuzi nawe<br />

aravuga ati: “Mbona umwe mu mitwe yayo usa n’ukomeretse uruguma rwica.” Arongera<br />

akavuga ati: “Nihagira ujyana abandi ho iminyago, na we ubwe azajyanwa ho umunyago:<br />

kandi uwicisha abandi inkota, na we akwiriye kwicishwa inkota.” Amezi mirongo ine n’abiri<br />

ahwanye “n’igihe n’ibihe n’igice cy’igihe,” imyaka itatu n’igice cyangwa iminsi 1260, yo<br />

muri Daniyeli 7, icyo kikaba ari igihe ubupapa bwamaze burenganya abantu b’Imana. Iki gihe<br />

nk’uko cyavuzwe mu bice bibanza, cyatangiranye no guhabwa isumbwe k’ubupapa mu<br />

mwaka wa 538 N.K kandi kirangira mu mwaka wa 1798 N.K. Icyo gihe (mu 1798) Papa<br />

yafashwe n’ingabo z’Abafaransa zimujyanaho umunyago, maze ubupapa bukomereka<br />

uruguma rwica, bityo ibyari byaravuzwe birasohora ngo: “Nihagira ujyana abandi ho<br />

iminyago, na we ubwe azajyanwa ho umunyago.”<br />

Kuri iyi ngingo hongera kuvugwa ikindi kimenyetso. Umuhanuzi aravuga ati: “Nuko<br />

mbona indi nyamaswa izamuka iva mu butaka. Iyo yo yari ifite amahembe abiri<br />

nk’ay’umwana w’intama.” (Ibyahishuwe 13:11). Uko iyi nyamaswa isa ndetse n’uburyo<br />

yadutse byerekana ko ishyanga ishushanya ritandukanye n’andi mahanga yavuzwe mu<br />

bimenyetso byabanje. Daniyeli yeretswe ubwami bukomeye bwategetse isi mu bigereranyo<br />

by’inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba zaje zikurikiranye ubwo ‘imiyaga ine yo mu ijuru<br />

yahubukiraga mu nyanja nini.” 611 Mu Byahishuwe 17, umumarayika yasobanuye ko “amazi<br />

agereranya abantu, amoko menshi, amahanga menshi n’indimi nyinshi.” 612 Imiyaga<br />

ishushanya intambara. Imiyaga ine yo mu ijuru ihuha mu nyanja nini, yerekana ibintu bibi<br />

bikabije byabaye mu ntambara no kwivumbagatanya izo ingoma zakoresheje ngo zigere ku<br />

butegetsi.<br />

Ariko inyamaswa ifite amahembe nk’ay’umwana w’intama yo yari ‘ivuye mu butaka.”<br />

Mu cyimbo cyo guhirika izindi ngoma ngo yimike iyayo, iryo shyanga ryagereranyijwe<br />

n’inyamaswa ivuye mu butaka ryavutse ahantu hatari hasanzwe hagenzurwa (hatuwe<br />

n’abantu) kandi ryakuze buhoro buhoro no mu buryo bw’amahoro. Iyo nyamaswa<br />

ntiyakomotse mu bihugu by’amahanga yo mu Isi ya kera, ari byo byagereranyaga n’inyanja<br />

yivumbagatanya y’“amoko menshi, amahanga menshi n’indimi nyinshi.” Yakomotse ku<br />

Mugabane w’Uburengerazuba.<br />

None se ni ikihe gihugu cy’ahiswe Isi Nshya cyakuraga gikomera mu mwaka wa 1798<br />

N.K, kikaba cyaragaragarwagaho ko kizagira ububasha no gukomera ndetse kigakurura<br />

intekerezo z’abatuye isi? Gukoresha ibimenyetso nta kibazo kirimo. Ishyanga rimwe, kandi<br />

rimwe gusa, ni ryo ryuzuza ibyavuzwe n’ubu buhanuzi. Bwerekeje mu buryo<br />

budashidikanywaho kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Inshuro nyinshi, igitekerezo<br />

ndetse hafi y’amagambo yose yakoreshejwe n’umwanditsi w’inyandiko zera, mu buryo<br />

butagambiriwe, byagiye bikoreshwa n’abanditsi b’amateka basobanura ukwaduka no gukura<br />

by’iryo shyanga. Inyamaswa yabonetse ‘izamuka iva mu butaka’ kandi dukurikije<br />

abasobanuzi, ijambo ryakoreshejwe ryo “kuzamuka” mu busobanuro butimbitse rivuga<br />

“ukumbura, ugupfupfunuka nk’ikimera.” Kandi nk’uko twabibonye, iryo shyanga rigomba<br />

321

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