Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
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<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />
yivuye inyuma uburenganzira abacamanza ba Leta bafite ku itorero, ndetse no gusaba ko<br />
abantu bagira umudendezo mu by’idini, ntibyari kubasha kwihanganirwa. Bakekaga ko<br />
gukurikiza izo nyigisho nshya bishobora “guhirika Leta ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwose<br />
bw’igihugu.” 343 Baherako bamucira urubanza rwo kumuca agakurwa muri koloni zabo,<br />
maze amaherezo atinye ko yafatwa, biba ngombwa ko ahungira mu mashyamba y’inzitane<br />
mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi n’imiyaga ikaze.<br />
Yaravuze ati : “Mu byumweru cumi na bine nazereraga mu gihe kibi cyane, ntarya kandi<br />
ntagoheka. Ariko ibikona ni byo byangabuririye mu butayu,” kandi akenshi ibiti<br />
by’inganzamarumbo bifite imyobo ni byo yikingagamo. 344 Nguko uko yakomezaga<br />
guhunga bimubabaje anyura mu rubura no mu mashyamba y’inzitane kugeza ubwo<br />
yashoboye kubona ubuhungiro mu bwoko bumwe bw’Abahinde baje kumugirira icyizere<br />
kandi baramukunda ubwo yihatiraga kubigisha ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza.<br />
Nyuma y’amezi menshi yo kugenda yimuka azerera hirya no hino, amaherezo yaje kugera<br />
ku nkengero z’ikigobe cya Narragansett, aho ni ho yashinze urufatiro rwa Leta ya mbere<br />
y’ibihe by’amajyambere yemeraga uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira umudendezo mu<br />
by’idini. Ihame shingiro y’iyo koloni ya Roger Williams ryari uko, “umuntu wese akwiriye<br />
kugira umudendezo wo kuramya Imana akurikije umucyo w’umutimanama we.” 345 Iyo Leta<br />
ye ntoya yitwaga Rhode Island, yahereye ko ihinduka ubuhungiro bw’abakandamizwaga<br />
bose, maze irakura, irakungahara kugeza ubwo ya mahame yayo shingiro ari yo —<br />
umudendezo mu by’ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’umudendezo mu by’idini — byaje guhinduka<br />
amabuye-fatizo Repubulika ya Amerika ishingiyeho.<br />
Muri iyo nyandiko nini imaze igihe abashinze Repubulika ya Amerika basohoye yari<br />
ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo,- ari yo bise, “Itangazwa ry’Ubwigenge” 346 -bavuzemo<br />
batya bati: “Kuko ari ukuri kudashidikanywaho, twemera ko abantu bose baremwe kimwe;<br />
ko bose bahawe n’Umuremyi wabo uburenganzira budahinduka; kandi ko muri bwo harimo<br />
: ubuzima, umudendezo no gushakisha ibyabanezeza.” Kandi mu magambo asobanutse neza,<br />
itegeko-nshinga ryemeza ko umutimanama w’umuntu utavogerwa rigira riti: “Nta genzura<br />
mu by’idini rizigera risabwa ngo ribe icyangombwa umuntu akwiriye kuzuza ngo abone<br />
umwanya cyangwa umurimo uwo ari wo wose mu butegetsi bwa Leta muri Leta Zunze<br />
Ubumwe za Amerika.” “Inama nkuru ntizigera ishyiraho itegeko ryerekeranye no gushyiraho<br />
idini cyangwa itegeko ribuzanya gukora iby’idini uko umuntu ashatse.”<br />
“Abatunganyije Itegeko-nshinga bazirikanye ihame ridakuka rivuga ko imibanire<br />
y’umuntu n’Imana ye iri hejuru y’amategeko ashyirwaho n’abantu, kandi ko uburenganzira<br />
bw’umutimanama budakuka. Gushyiraho uku kuri ntibyasabaga kubanza kugarirwaho abantu<br />
bashyira mu gaciro, kuko buri wese akuzi mu mutima we. Uko kuri k’umutimanama ni ko<br />
kwakomeje abahowe ukwizera kwabo benshi cyane ubwo bicwaga urubozo kandi<br />
bagatwikwa kubwo kutumvira amategeko yashyizweho n’abantu. Bumvaga ko inshingano<br />
yabo ku Mana iruta cyane amategeko y’abantu, kandi ko abantu badafite uburenganzira bwo<br />
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