Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
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<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />
ni ko kwatumye abatuye isi baba abahakana Kristo, kandi ubwo itorero ryahanaga abahakanyi<br />
nta kibi ryakoze.” 339 Abakoloni bari batuye muri Amerika batoye itegeko rivuga ko abantu<br />
babarizwa mu itorero ari bo bonyine bagomba kugira ijambo mu butegetsi bwa Leta.<br />
Hashyizweho ubutegetsi bwa Leta bugendera ku mahame y’itorero, abaturage bose basabwa<br />
gutanga umusanzu wo kunganira ubuyobozi bw’idini kandi abacamanza bahabwa<br />
uburenganzira bwo gukuraho ubuhakanyi. Muri ubwo buryo, ubutegetsi bw’iby’isi bwari buri<br />
mu maboko y’itorero. Ntibyatinze izo ngamba ziza kubyara itoteza ari ryo ryabaye ingaruka<br />
simusiga.<br />
Imyaka cumi n’umwe hamaze gushingwa intara ya mbere y’ubukoloni, nibwo uwitwa<br />
Roger Williams yaje muri Amerika (Icyo gihe bayitaga Isi Nshya). Kimwe na ba Bagenzi<br />
bahageze mbere, yari azanwe n’umugambi wo gushaka umudendezo mu by’iyobokamana;<br />
ariko ibinyuranye n’ibyabo, yabashije kubona ibyo bake cyane bari barashoboye kubona mu<br />
gihe cye, yuko uwo mudendezo ari uburenganzira butavuguruzwa bwa buri muntu hatitawe<br />
ku myizerere ye. Yashakashakaga ukuri abishishikariye, kandi akizera kimwe na Robinsons<br />
ko bidashoboka ko umucyo wose wo mu ijambo ry’Imana waba waramaze kwakirwa.<br />
Williams “yabaye uwa mbere mu turere twari tugezweho tw’Ubukristo, washingiye<br />
ubutegetsi bwa Leta ku ihame ryo kugira umudendezo mu gukurikiza umutimanama ndetse<br />
n’uburinganire bwo gutanga ibitekerezo imbere y’amategeko.” 340 Yavugaga ko inshingano<br />
y’abacamanza ari iyo gukumira ibyaha, ko atari iyo kugenga umutimanama. Yaravuze ati:<br />
“Rubanda cyangwa abacamanza bashobora gufata umwanzuro ku cyo umuntu akwiriye<br />
gukorera mugenzi we; ariko igihe bagerageje gushyiraho inshingano umuntu afite ku Mana,<br />
baba barengereye kandi iyo bimeze bityo nta mutekano ushobora kuboneka; kubera ko<br />
byumvikana ko niba umucamanza afite ububasha, uyu munsi ashobora gushyiraho itegeko<br />
rishingiye ku bitekerezo runaka cyangwa imyizerere, ejo agashyiraho irindi nk’uko byagiye<br />
bikorwa n’abami n’abamikazi batandukanye mu Bwongereza ndetse bikanakorwa n’abapapa<br />
banyuranye n’inama zitari zimwe mu itorero ry’i Roma, ku buryo imyizerere yahinduka<br />
uruhurirane rw’urujijo.” 341<br />
Kujya muri gahunda zo gusenga z’itorero ryariho byari bitegetswe abantu utabikoze<br />
agacibwa igihano cyangwa agafungwa. “Williams ntiyemeraga iryo tegeko. Ryari itegeko ribi<br />
kuruta ayandi yose mu mategeko y’Ubwongereza kuko ryahatiraga abantu kujya gusenga mu<br />
itorero rya Leta. Guhatira abantu kwifatanya n’abo badahuje imyizerere we yabifataga ko ari<br />
ukuvogera uburenganzira bw’umuntu ku mugaragaro; kandi kujyana gusenga abatizera<br />
n’abatabishaka ku ngufu, kuri we byari ukubasaba gukora uburyarya. . . Yongeyeho ati: ‘Nta<br />
muntu ukwiriye guhatirwa kujya gusenga, cyangwa kwemera uburyo bw’imisengere<br />
atabyiyemereye.’ Abataravugaga rumwe na we batangajwe n’ibyo yavugaga maze baravuga<br />
bati: ‘Bishoboka bite? mbese umukozi ntakwiriye igihembo cye?” Na we yarabasubije ati:<br />
‘Yee, ariko agihabwa n’abamukoresha.” 342<br />
Roger Williams yarubahwaga kandi agakundirwa ko yari umugabura w’umwizerwa, ufite<br />
impano utabona muri benshi, akaba indahemuka n’umunyabuntu; nyamara uko guhakana<br />
210
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