Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri

Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.

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Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri kwari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cye, no gukomera ku mahame y’Ubuporotesitanti ayarinda imyemerere y’ubupapa yajyaga igaruka vuba, ndetse agakangurira amatorero yemeraga ubugorozi kugira ngo imibereho itunganye no kwicisha bugufi mu cyimbo cy’ubwibone no gusaya mu bibi byahawe intebe kubera inyigisho z’i Roma. Ibitabo byinshi byaturukaga i Geneve ndetse n’abigisha maze bakajya kwamamaza inyigisho z’ubugorozi. Abatotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bashakiraga amabwiriza, inama no guterwa ubutwari biturutse i Geneve. Umujyi wa Kaluvini wahindutse ubuhungiro bw’Abagorozi bahigwaga mu Burengerazuba bw’Uburayi. Kubera guhunga akaga kakomeje kubaho mu gihe cy’imyaka amagana menshi, abahungaga bazaga i Geneve. Babaga bashonje, barakomeretse, barambuwe amazu yabo, baramazweho abavandimwe babo, ariko bakiranwaga ubwuzu kandi bakitabwaho mu mutima w’impuhwe. Ubwo babonaga aho baba i Geneve, baheshaga umugisha uwo mujyi wabakiriye bakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo, ubwenge bwabo ndetse n’ubutungane bwabo. Abenshi mu babonye ubuhungiro i Geneve, bagiye basubira mu bihugu byabo bakajya kurwanya igitugu cya Roma. Uwitwa Yohani Knox, wari umugorozi w’intwari ukomoka muri Sikotilandi (Scotland), umubare munini w’abaharaniraga ko itorero ryakoroshya imihango rikora ahubwo rigashimangira imico mbonera, Abaporotestanti bo mu Buholandi n’abo muri Esipanye ndetse n’Abahugeno (Huguenots) bo mu Bufaransa bamurikishije itara ry’ukuri bakuye i Geneve kugira ngo ritamurure umwijima wari mu bihugu bavukagamo. 168

Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri Igice Cya 13 – Ubuholandi na Sikandinaviya Mu mizo ya mbere, ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa papa bwateje kwivumbagatanya gukomeye mu Buholandi. Mu myaka magana arindwi mbere y’igihe cya Luteri, abepisikopi babiri bari baroherejwe i Roma maze bakabasha kumenya imico nyakuri y’”Umurwa Utunganye,” bari barashyize Papa ku karubanda bagira bati: “Itorero, Imana yarigize umwamikazi n’umugeni wayo, yarihaye ubukungu bukomeye kandi buhoraho bugenewe umuryango waryo, yaritanzeho inkwano itangirika, ndetse yarihaye ikamba n’inkoni y’ubutware bihoraho; . . . nyamara ibyo byiza byose wabyitambitse imbere ubyiyerekezaho nk’umujura. Wiyicaje mu ngoro y’Imana, kandi aho kuba umushumba, wahindutse nk’ikirura ku ntama; . . . ushaka ko twizera ko uri umwepisikopi w’ikirenga nyamara witwara nk’umunyagitugu . . . Aho kwemera kuba umugaragu w’abagaragu, nk’uko wiyita, uharanira kuba umwami w’abami. . . . Ibyo bisuzuguza amabwiriza y’Imana. . . . Mwuka Muziranenge ni we wubaka amatorero yose kugeza ku mpera z’isi. . . Umurwa w’Imana yacu, ari nawo dutuyemo, ugera ku mpande zose z’ijuru; ndetse uruta umujyi abahanuzi bazira inenge bise Babuloni yiyitirira Imana, wikuza ukagera ku ijuru, ndetse wirata ko ubwenge bwawo budapfa, kandi amaherezo nubwo nta shingiro ufite, uvuga ko utigeze uyoba ngo ukore amakosa kandi ko ibyo bitanashoboka.” 250 Uko ibinyejana byakurikiranaga, hagiye hahaguruka abandi bagasubiramo aya magambo yo kwamagana imikorere ya Papa. Kandi abo bigisha ba mbere bambukiranyaga ibihugu bitandukanye bakamenywa n’abantu benshi maze bakaza kwinjira mu Buholandi, bari bafite imico nk’iy’abavugabutumwa b’Abavoduwa, ndetse bamamaje ubutumwa bwiza ahantu hose. Inyigisho zabo zakwirakwiye bwangu. Bibiliya yari mu rurimi rw’Abawalidense bayisobanuye mu Kidage. Baravuze bati : “Ifite akamaro kanini, nta magambo y’ubupfapfa arimo, nta migani y’imihimbano, nta bitagira umumaro cyangwa ibinyoma birangwamo uretse amagambo y’ukuri gusa. Bavuze ko ikomeye mu bice byayo byose ko ariko ushobora gusangamo umusokoro n’uburyohe by’ibyiza n’ibitunganye.” 251 Uko ni ko mu kinyejana cya cumi na kabiri incuti z’ukwizera kwa mbere zanditse. Noneho hatangiye itotezwa rikozwe na Roma; ariko mu gihe cyo gutwikwa no kwicwa urw’agashinyaguro, abizera barushagaho kwiyongera kandi bagahamya byimazeyo ko Bibiliya ariyo muyobozi mu by’idini utibeshya, kandi ko ” nta muntu wagombye guhatirwa kwizera, ko ahubwo akwiriye kubyemezwa n’inyigisho.” 252 Inyigisho za Luteri zakiranywe ubwuzu mu Buholandi, maze abantu b’abanyamurava kandi b’indahemuka bahagurukira kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Mu ntara imwe mu zigize Ubuholandi hakomotsemo uwitwa Menno Simons. Uyu yakuze ari umugatolika w’i Roma aza kurobanurirwa kuba umupadiri. Ntabwo yari asobanukiwe na Bibiliya kandi ntiyabashaga kuyisoma bitewe no gutinya ko yamuyobya akagwa mu buhakanyi. Umunsi umwe, yaje kugira gushidikanya ku nyigisho ivuga ibyo guhinduka kwa divayi n’umutsima mu maraso nyayo n’umubiri nyawo bya Kristo mu gihe cy’igitambo cya ukarisitiya, maze abifata ko ari 169

<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />

kwari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cye, no gukomera ku mahame y’Ubuporotesitanti ayarinda<br />

imyemerere y’ubupapa yajyaga igaruka vuba, ndetse agakangurira amatorero yemeraga<br />

ubugorozi kugira ngo imibereho itunganye no kwicisha bugufi mu cyimbo cy’ubwibone no<br />

gusaya mu bibi byahawe intebe kubera inyigisho z’i Roma.<br />

Ibitabo byinshi byaturukaga i Geneve ndetse n’abigisha maze bakajya kwamamaza<br />

inyigisho z’ubugorozi. Abatotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bashakiraga amabwiriza, inama no<br />

guterwa ubutwari biturutse i Geneve. Umujyi wa Kaluvini wahindutse ubuhungiro<br />

bw’Abagorozi bahigwaga mu Burengerazuba bw’Uburayi. Kubera guhunga akaga kakomeje<br />

kubaho mu gihe cy’imyaka amagana menshi, abahungaga bazaga i Geneve. Babaga bashonje,<br />

barakomeretse, barambuwe amazu yabo, baramazweho abavandimwe babo, ariko<br />

bakiranwaga ubwuzu kandi bakitabwaho mu mutima w’impuhwe. Ubwo babonaga aho baba<br />

i Geneve, baheshaga umugisha uwo mujyi wabakiriye bakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo,<br />

ubwenge bwabo ndetse n’ubutungane bwabo. Abenshi mu babonye ubuhungiro i Geneve,<br />

bagiye basubira mu bihugu byabo bakajya kurwanya igitugu cya Roma. Uwitwa Yohani<br />

Knox, wari umugorozi w’intwari ukomoka muri Sikotilandi (Scotland), umubare munini<br />

w’abaharaniraga ko itorero ryakoroshya imihango rikora ahubwo rigashimangira imico<br />

mbonera, Abaporotestanti bo mu Buholandi n’abo muri Esipanye ndetse n’Abahugeno<br />

(Huguenots) bo mu Bufaransa bamurikishije itara ry’ukuri bakuye i Geneve kugira ngo<br />

ritamurure umwijima wari mu bihugu bavukagamo.<br />

168

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