Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri
Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge. Umwami, abayobozi b’idini, n’ibikomangoma bari bategetswe kwicisha bugufi bakemera amahano yakorwaga n’abo baturage babaga bariye karungu. Inyota yo kwihimura yakanguwe cyane no kwicwa k’umwami; maze bidatinze abategetse ko yicwa nabo baramukurikira. Hakurikiyeho kwicisha inkota abantu bose bakekwagaho kutemera Impinduramatwara. Gereza zuzuye abantu ku buryo icyo gihe zari zirimo imfungwa zirenga ibihumbi magana abiri. Imijyi yo muri ubwo bwami yari yuzuwemo ibikorwa by’amahano ateye ubwoba. Ishyaka rimwe ry’abaharanira impinduramatwara ryahanganaga n’irindi maze Ubufaransa buhinduka urubuga rugari rw’abantu benshi bahanganye babaga bahinduwe nk’abasazi n’ibyifuzo byabo bibi. “Mu mujyi wa Paris, imyivumbagatanyo yarasimburanaga, abaturage bari baracitsemo ibice byinshi bitagendereye ikindi uretse kwicana ubwabo bakamarana.” Icyiyongeye kuri ako kaga kari rusange, ni uko igihugu cyose cyibonye mu ntambara yamaze igihe kirekire kandi yasenyaga cyarwanaga n’ibihugu bikomeye byo mu Burayi. “Igihugu cyari hafi yo gusenyuka burundu; abasirikare basabaga ibirarane by’imishahara batahembwe, abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Paris bibasiwe n’inzara ikabije, mu ntara hose hari harabaye umusaka kubera kuyogozwa n’ibisambo, kandi gutera imbere no kujijuka byari hafi gusibangana bigasimburwa n’imivurungano no kwigira ibyigenge.
Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri Igice Cya 11 – Imyigaragambyo y' Abaganwa Bumwe mu buhamya bukomeye bwigeze buvugwa ku Bugorozi, bwabaye guhakana inyigisho z’i Roma kwakozwe n’ibikomangoma byo mu Budage byayobotse Kristo kwabereye mu nama y’abategetsi bakuru y’i Spires mu mwaka wa 1529. Ubutwari, ukwizera no gushikama kw’abo bantu b’Imana byahesheje umudendezo mu bitekerezo no kuyoborwa n’umutimanama ku bo mu myaka yakurikiyeho. Uguhakana kwabo ni ko kwahesheje itorero rivuguruye izina ry’”Abaporotesitanti.” Amahame y’uko guhakana niyo “shingiro ry’Ubuporotesitanti.” Igihe cyijimye kandi cy’akaga cyari kigeze ku Bugorozi. Nubwo iteka ryaciriwe i Worms, ryavuze ko Luteri atagifite itegeko rimurengera kandi rikabuzanya kwigisha cyangwa kwemera amahame ye, ukwihanganirana mu by’iyobokamana kwari kwarakomeje kuba mu gihugu. Uburinzi bw’Imana bwari bwarahagaritse imbaraga zarwanyaga ukuri. Umwami Charles wa V yari yariyemeje kuzimangatanya Ubugorozi, nyamara uko yazamuraga ukuboko kwe ngo aburwanye yajyaga akomwa mu nkokora akabireka. Incuro nyinshi abantu batinyukaga kwitandukanya na Roma, byajyaga bisa n’aho kurimbuka kwabo kugiye kugera nta gisibya. Ariko ubwo byari bigeze ahakomeye, ingabo za Turukiya zateye ziturutse ku mupaka w’iburasirazuba, n’umwami w’Ubufaransa ndetse na Papa ubwe kuko babaga batewe ishyari no kwiyongera ko gukomera k’Umwami w’abami bityo bamushozaho intambara; maze bibaye bityo, igihe mu bihugu hari hari intambara n’imivurungano, Ubugorozi bwo bwabonye agahenge ko gukomera no gukwira hose. Nyamara amaherezo, ibyegera bya Papa byahagaritse impaka byabagamo kugira ngo bashyire hamwe barwanye Abagorozi. Inama y’abategetsi bakuru y’i Spires yo mu 1526 yari yarahaye umudendezo buri Leta mu byerekeye iyobokamana kugeza igihe inama nkuru yateranye. Ariko bidatinze akaga kari kamaze kuba kenshi ku buryo Umwami w’abami yatumije inama nkuru ya kabiri ngo iteranire i Spires mu 1529 hagamijwe kurimbura ubuyobe. Bagombaga kubishoramo n’ibikomangoma hifashishijwe n’uburyo bw’amahoro bibaye bishobotse, kugira ngo barwanye Ubugorozi; ariko mu gihe ubwo buryo butageze ku ntego, Umwami w’abami Charles yari yiteguye gukoresha inkota. Abambari ba papa babyinaga insinzi. Baje i Spires ar benshi cyane maze berekana ku mugaragaro urwango bafitiye abagorozi n’abari babashyigikiye. Melanchthon yaravuze ati: “Twagizwe ibicibwa, dufatwa nk’ibishingwe mu isi, ariko Kristo yita ku bwoko bwe kandi azaburengera.” 188 Ibikomangoma byari byaremeye ubutumwa bwiza byari biri muri iyo nama y’abategetsi bakuru byabujijwe ko hagira ubutumwa bwiza bubwirizwa no mu ngo zabo bwite. Ariko abaturage b’i Spires bari bafitiye inyota Ijambo ry’Imana, maze nubwo bari barabibujijwe, abantu ibihumbi byinshi bazaga mu materaniro yo gusenga yaberaga muri kiriziya y’umwepisikopi w’i Saxony. 138
Umwuka W'Imijyi Ibiri Ibyo byihutishije akaga. Intumwa iturutse i bwami yabwiye abari muri iyo nama nkuru ko kubera ko umwanzuro waheshaga umudendezo mu gukoresha umutimanama w’umuntu watumye havuka imivurungano, umwami w’abami yasabye ko uwo mwanzuro wakurwaho. Icyo gikorwa kitemewe n’amategeko cyarakaje kandi gitera ubwoba Abakristo b’ababwirizabutumwa. Umwe muri bo yaravuze ati: “Kristo yongeye kujya mu maboko ya Kayafa na Pilato.” Abambari ba Roma barushijeho gukaza ubugome. Umwe muri abo bayoboke ba Papa yavuganye uburakari ati: “Abanyaturukiya barusha ubwiza Abayoboke ba Luteri kubera ko bo bubahirizaga iminsi yo kwiyiriza ubusa, kandi abayoboke ba Luteri ntibayubahirize. Niba tugomba guhitamo hagati y’Ibyanditswe Byera by’Imana n’amakosa ya kera yamenyerewe mu Itorero, dukwiriye kureka Ibyanditswe Byera.” Melanchthon yaravuze ati: “Buri munsi mu ruhame Faber atera ibuye rishya twe ababwirizabutumwa bwiza.” 189 Uburenganzira mu by’idini bwari bwarashyizweho mu buryo bw’amategeko, maze za Leta zari zaremeye ubutumwa bwiza ziyemeza kurwanya kuvogerwa k’uburenganzira bwazo. Luteri wari ukiri igicibwa kuva igihe cy’iteka ry’i Worms, ntabwo yari yemerewe kugera i Spires; ariko mu mwanya we yari ahagarariwe na bagenzi be ndetse n’ibikomangoma Imana yari yarahagurukirije kurengera umurimo we muri icyo gihe cy’akaga gakomeye. Igikomangoma Ferederiko w’i Saxony wari wararinze Luteri, yari yarapfuye, ariko umuvandimwe we Yohani wamusimbuye yari yarakiriye ubugorozi n’umunezero; kandi kubera ko yakundaga amahoro, yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi n’ubutwari mu bibazo byose byerekeranye n’inyungu mu byo kwizera. Abapadiri basabye za Leta zayobotse ubugorozi ko zitazuyaje zakwemera gucibwa urubanza n’inkiko za Roma. Ku rundi ruhande, abagorozi basabaga umudendezo bari barahawe mbere. Ntibashoboraga kwemera ko Roma yongera kwigarurira izo Leta zari zarakiranye Ijambo ry’Imana umunezero mwinshi. Nk’uburyo bwo kumvikana, amaherezo byaje gusabwa ko aho ubugorozi bwari butarashinga imizi, iteka ryaciriwe i Worms rigomba kubahirizwa cyane; kandi ko “muri Leta zaciye ukubiri n’iryo teka, ndetse n’aho babasha kubahiriza iryo teka ntibitere akaga k’umuvurungano, basabwe kutagira ubugorozi bushya bakora, ntibagombaga kugira ingingo iteza impaka bavugaho, ntibagombaga kurwanya kwizihiza misa, kandi ntibagombaga kugira umugatorika w’i Roma wemererwa kwinjira mu itsinda rya aba Luteri.” 190 Izo ngamba zemejwe n’inama y’abategetsi bakuru maze zinezeza cyane abapadiri n’ibyegera bya Papa. Iyo iryo teka riza kubahirizwa n’imbaraga nyinshi, “Ubugorozi ntibwajyaga kugera aho bwari butaramenyekana cyangwa ngo bushinge imizi bukomere aho bwari bwaramaze kugera.” 191 139
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<strong>Umwuka</strong> <strong>W'Imijyi</strong> <strong>Ibiri</strong><br />
Ibyo byihutishije akaga. Intumwa iturutse i bwami yabwiye abari muri iyo nama nkuru ko<br />
kubera ko umwanzuro waheshaga umudendezo mu gukoresha umutimanama w’umuntu<br />
watumye havuka imivurungano, umwami w’abami yasabye ko uwo mwanzuro wakurwaho.<br />
Icyo gikorwa kitemewe n’amategeko cyarakaje kandi gitera ubwoba Abakristo<br />
b’ababwirizabutumwa. Umwe muri bo yaravuze ati: “Kristo yongeye kujya mu maboko ya<br />
Kayafa na Pilato.” Abambari ba Roma barushijeho gukaza ubugome. Umwe muri abo<br />
bayoboke ba Papa yavuganye uburakari ati: “Abanyaturukiya barusha ubwiza Abayoboke ba<br />
Luteri kubera ko bo bubahirizaga iminsi yo kwiyiriza ubusa, kandi abayoboke ba Luteri<br />
ntibayubahirize. Niba tugomba guhitamo hagati y’Ibyanditswe Byera by’Imana n’amakosa<br />
ya kera yamenyerewe mu Itorero, dukwiriye kureka Ibyanditswe Byera.”<br />
Melanchthon yaravuze ati: “Buri munsi mu ruhame Faber atera ibuye rishya twe<br />
ababwirizabutumwa bwiza.” 189<br />
Uburenganzira mu by’idini bwari bwarashyizweho mu buryo bw’amategeko, maze za<br />
Leta zari zaremeye ubutumwa bwiza ziyemeza kurwanya kuvogerwa k’uburenganzira bwazo.<br />
Luteri wari ukiri igicibwa kuva igihe cy’iteka ry’i Worms, ntabwo yari yemerewe kugera i<br />
Spires; ariko mu mwanya we yari ahagarariwe na bagenzi be ndetse n’ibikomangoma Imana<br />
yari yarahagurukirije kurengera umurimo we muri icyo gihe cy’akaga gakomeye.<br />
Igikomangoma Ferederiko w’i Saxony wari wararinze Luteri, yari yarapfuye, ariko<br />
umuvandimwe we Yohani wamusimbuye yari yarakiriye ubugorozi n’umunezero; kandi<br />
kubera ko yakundaga amahoro, yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi n’ubutwari mu bibazo byose<br />
byerekeranye n’inyungu mu byo kwizera.<br />
Abapadiri basabye za Leta zayobotse ubugorozi ko zitazuyaje zakwemera gucibwa<br />
urubanza n’inkiko za Roma. Ku rundi ruhande, abagorozi basabaga umudendezo bari<br />
barahawe mbere. Ntibashoboraga kwemera ko Roma yongera kwigarurira izo Leta zari<br />
zarakiranye Ijambo ry’Imana umunezero mwinshi.<br />
Nk’uburyo bwo kumvikana, amaherezo byaje gusabwa ko aho ubugorozi bwari<br />
butarashinga imizi, iteka ryaciriwe i Worms rigomba kubahirizwa cyane; kandi ko “muri Leta<br />
zaciye ukubiri n’iryo teka, ndetse n’aho babasha kubahiriza iryo teka ntibitere akaga<br />
k’umuvurungano, basabwe kutagira ubugorozi bushya bakora, ntibagombaga kugira ingingo<br />
iteza impaka bavugaho, ntibagombaga kurwanya kwizihiza misa, kandi ntibagombaga kugira<br />
umugatorika w’i Roma wemererwa kwinjira mu itsinda rya aba Luteri.” 190<br />
Izo ngamba zemejwe n’inama y’abategetsi bakuru maze zinezeza cyane abapadiri<br />
n’ibyegera bya Papa.<br />
Iyo iryo teka riza kubahirizwa n’imbaraga nyinshi, “Ubugorozi ntibwajyaga kugera aho<br />
bwari butaramenyekana cyangwa ngo bushinge imizi bukomere aho bwari bwaramaze<br />
kugera.” 191<br />
139