Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Kubw’ikimwaro n’ubwoba, yahereyeko arahaguruka maze ava aho yihuta. Ntabwo yongeye na gato kwibagirwa iryo somo. Kuva ubwo yasobanukiwe neza no kwishuka kuri ku kwishingikiriza ku mirimo y’umuntu ngo imuheshe agakiza, ndetse anasobanukirwa n’uburyo ari ngombwa guhora umuntu yizeye ibyo Kristo yakoze. Amaso ye yari yahumutse ubutazongera guhuma ngo ananirwe kubona ubuyobe buri mu nyigisho z’ubupapa. Ubwo yarekaga guhanga amaso ye i Roma, yari yanahindukiye mu mutima, kandi kuva icyo gihe kwitandukanya na Roma byarushijeho gukura kugeza ubwo yitandukanyije burundu n’Itorero ry’ i Roma. Nyuma yo kuva i Roma, Luteri yaherewe impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga mu byerekeye Imana muri kaminuza ya Wittenberg. Ubu noneho mu buryo butandukanye na mbere, yari afite umudendezo wo kwirundurira mu kwiga Ibyanditswe yakundaga. Yari yararahiriye ko mu minsi y’ubuzima bwe bwose azajya yiga Ijambo ry’Imana yitonze kandi akaryigisha uko riri, atari ukwigisha imigani n’inyigisho by’abapapa. Ntabwo yari akiri uwihaye Imana cyangwa umwarimu usanzwe ahubwo yari umwigisha wa Bibiliya ubifitiye uburenganzira. Yari yarahamagariwe kuba umushumba wo kuragira umukumbi w’Imana wari ufitiye ukuri inzara n’inyota. Yavuze ashimikiriye ko Abakristo badakwiriye kwemera izindi nyigisho uretse izishingiye ku Byanditswe Byera. Ayo magambo yahamyaga rwose ku rufatiro rw’inyigisho z’ubutware bwa papa. Ayo magambo kandi yarimo ipfundo ry’Ubugorozi. Luteri yabonaga akaga kazanwa no gufata inyigisho z’abantu ukazirutisha Ijambo ry’Imana. Yajoraga ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro by’abigisha kandi akarwanya ubucurabwenge n’iby’iyobokamana byose byari bimaze igihe kirekire biyobora abantu. Yarwanyije izo nyigisho avuga ko uretse no kuba zidafite agaciro ziranangiza. Yagerageje gukura intekerezo z’abamutegaga amatwi ku mitekerereze iyobya y’abacurabwenge n’abigisha iyobokamana maze azerekeza ku kuri guhoraho kwavuzwe n’abahanuzi n’intumwa. Ubutumwa yavugaga bwari bufite agaciro gakomeye ku mbaga y’ababaga bamuteze amatwi bafite amatsiko menshi. Nti bari barigeze kumva inyigisho nk’izo mbere. Inkuru ishimishije y’urukundo rw’Umukiza n’ubwishingizi bwo kubabarirwa no kugira amahoro kubw’amaraso ye akuraho ibyaha, byanejeje imitima yabo kandi bibatera ibyiringiro bihoraho. Umucyo wari umaze kumurika i Wittenberg kandi imirasire yawo yagombaga gukwira mu turere tw’isi twa kure, ndetse kurabagirana kwawo kukiyongera kuzageza ku iherezo ry’ibihe. Nyamara umucyo n’umwijima ntibishobora kumvikana. Hagati y’ukuri n’ikinyoma hari intambara idashobora guhagarikwa. Gukomera kuri kimwe no kugishyigikira ni ugushotora ikindi no kugisenya. Umukiza wacu ubwe yaravuze ati: “Mwe gutekereza ko nazanywe no kuzana amahoro mu isi: sinaje kuzana amahoro, ahubwo naje kuzana inkota.” 81 Nyuma y’imyaka mike ubugorozi butangiye Luteri yaje kuvuga ati: “Ntabwo Imana inyobora gusa ahubwo iranansunika ngo njye mbere. Iranjyana. Ntabwo nitegeka. Nifuza kwibera mu 88

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba mahoro ntuje ariko hari imbaraga injyana ikanshyira mu mivurungano hagati no mu ihinduramatwara.” 82 Noneho Luteri yari hafi guhatirwa kujya mu ntambara. Itorero ry’i Roma ryagurishaga ubuntu bw’Imana. “Ameza y’abavunjaga” 83 yahoraga ateguwe iruhande rwa za alitari zaryo kandi ahazengurutse hose humvikanaga urusaku rw’abagura n’abagurisha. Kubwo gushaka gukusanya umutungo kugira ngo i Roma hubakwe Kiriziya ya Mutagatifu Petero, Papa yatanze uburenganzira bwo kugurisha imbabazi z’ibyaha ku mugaragaro. Ingoro yo gusengeramo Imana yagombaga kubakwa n’ibiguzi by’imbabazi z’icyaha- ibuye nsanganyarukuta ryashinzwe hakoreshejwe ibiguzi byo gukiranirwa! Nyamara ubwo buryo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo Roma ihabwe isumbwe, bwahungabanyije cyane imbaraga zayo no gukomera kwayo. Ubwo buryo nibwo bwateye abarwanyaga ubutware bwa papa guhaguruka biyemeje kandi bagamije insinzi, ndetse bishoza urugamba rwanyeganyeje intebe y’ubwami bwa papa ndetse n’ikamba ryo ku mutwe we. Uwatoranyirijwe kuyobora igurishwa ry’imbabazi z’ibyaha mu Budage ni uwitwa Tetzel. Yahamwaga n’ibyaha bikomeye cyane yari yarakoreye abantu ndetse n’amategeko y’Imana. Ariko kuko yari yarabashije gusimbuka igihano cy’ibyo byaha bye, yaje gukoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga igamije inyungu kandi itagira ikindi yitaho ya Papa. Yavugaga ashize amanga maze akabasubiriramo ibinyoma kandi akavuga imigani mihimbano itangaje kugira ngo ajijishe abantu badasonukiwe n’abatwarwa badasesenguye. Iyo abo bantu bajya kugira Ijambo ry’Imana, ntibajyaga gushukwa bene ako kageni. Ariko bari baranyazwe Bibiliya kugira ngo bagume mu maboko y’ubutegetsi bwa Papa, no kugira ngo ubutware ndetse n’ubutunzi bw’ubwo butegetsi bigwire. 84 Igihe Tetzel yinjiraga mu mujyi, hari intumwa yamubanzirizaga ikagenda ivuga iti: “Ubuntu bw’Imana n’ubw’umubyeyi uzira inenge buri ku marembo yanyu.” 85 Bityo rubanda rwakiraga uwo watukaga Imana agafatwa nk’aho ari Imana ubwayo ibasanze imanutse iva mu ijuru. Ubwo bucuruzi bubi bwakorerwaga mu rusengero, kandi Tetzel akazamuka ku ruhimbi (aritari), maze akamamaza impapuro zihesha imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya) nk’impano y’agatangaza itangwa n’Imana. Yavugaga ko kubw’ibyo byemezo bihesha imbabazi yatangaga, ibyaha byose uwaguraga icyo cyemezo yari kuzifuza gukora nyuma y’aho yari kuzabibabarirwa kandi ko no “kwicuza atari ngombwa kubera icyo cyemezo.” 86 Ikirenze ibyo, yemezaga abamuteze amatwi ko icyemezo cy’imbabazi z’ibyaha (indurugensiya) kidafite ububasha bwo gukiza abazima gusa ahubwo n’abapfuye; kandi ko iyo amafaranga ageze mu ndiba y’isandugu ye, umwuka w’ubugingo bw’uwo muntu uguriwe imbabazi uhita uva muri purigatori maze ukajya mu ijuru. 87 Igihe Simoni Magus wari umupfumu yasabaga intumwa kumugurisha ububasha bwo gukora ibitangaza, Petero yaramusubije ati: “Pfana ifeza yawe, kuko wagize ngo impano y’Imana iboneshwa ifeza.” 88 Nyamara abantu uduhumbagiza bakiranaga ibyishimo byinshi 89

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

Kubw’ikimwaro n’ubwoba, yahereyeko arahaguruka maze ava aho yihuta. Ntabwo yongeye<br />

<strong>na</strong> gato kwibagirwa iryo somo. Kuva ubwo yasobanukiwe neza no kwishuka <strong>ku</strong>ri <strong>ku</strong><br />

kwishingikiriza <strong>ku</strong> mirimo y’umuntu ngo imuheshe agakiza, ndetse a<strong>na</strong>sobanukirwa n’uburyo<br />

ari ngombwa guhora umuntu yizeye ibyo Kristo yakoze. Amaso ye yari yahumutse<br />

ubutazongera guhuma ngo a<strong>na</strong>nirwe <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong> ubuyobe buri mu nyigisho z’ubupapa. Ubwo<br />

yarekaga guhanga amaso ye i Roma, yari ya<strong>na</strong>hindukiye mu mutima, kandi <strong>ku</strong>va icyo gihe<br />

kwitandukanya <strong>na</strong> Roma byarushijeho gu<strong>ku</strong>ra <strong>ku</strong>geza ubwo yitandukanyije burundu n’<strong>Itorero</strong><br />

ry’ i Roma.<br />

Nyuma yo <strong>ku</strong>va i Roma, Luteri yaherewe impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga mu byerekeye<br />

Ima<strong>na</strong> muri kaminuza ya Wittenberg. Ubu noneho mu buryo butandukanye <strong>na</strong> mbere, yari<br />

afite umudendezo wo kwirundurira mu kwiga Ibyanditswe ya<strong>ku</strong>ndaga. Yari yararahiriye ko<br />

mu minsi y’ubuzima bwe bwose azajya yiga Ijambo ry’Ima<strong>na</strong> yitonze kandi akaryigisha uko<br />

riri, atari ukwigisha imigani n’inyigisho by’abapapa. Ntabwo yari akiri uwihaye Ima<strong>na</strong><br />

cyangwa umwarimu usanzwe ahubwo yari umwigisha wa Bibiliya ubifitiye uburenganzira.<br />

Yari yarahamagariwe <strong>ku</strong>ba umushumba wo <strong>ku</strong>ragira umu<strong>ku</strong>mbi w’Ima<strong>na</strong> wari ufitiye u<strong>ku</strong>ri<br />

inzara n’inyota. Yavuze ashimikiriye ko Abakristo badakwiriye kwemera izindi nyigisho<br />

uretse izishingiye <strong>ku</strong> Byanditswe Byera. Ayo magambo yahamyaga rwose <strong>ku</strong> rufatiro<br />

rw’inyigisho z’ubutware bwa papa. Ayo magambo kandi yarimo ipfundo ry’Ubugorozi.<br />

Luteri yabo<strong>na</strong>ga akaga kazanwa no gufata inyigisho z’abantu ukazirutisha Ijambo<br />

ry’Ima<strong>na</strong>. Yajoraga ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro by’abigisha kandi akarwanya<br />

ubucurabwenge n’iby’iyobokama<strong>na</strong> byose byari bimaze igihe kirekire biyobora abantu.<br />

Yarwanyije izo nyigisho avuga ko uretse no <strong>ku</strong>ba zidafite agaciro zira<strong>na</strong>ngiza. Yagerageje<br />

gu<strong>ku</strong>ra intekerezo z’abamutegaga amatwi <strong>ku</strong> mitekerereze iyobya y’abacurabwenge<br />

n’abigisha iyobokama<strong>na</strong> maze azerekeza <strong>ku</strong> <strong>ku</strong>ri guhoraho kwavuzwe n’abahanuzi<br />

n’intumwa.<br />

Ubutumwa yavugaga bwari bufite agaciro gakomeye <strong>ku</strong> mbaga y’ababaga bamuteze<br />

amatwi bafite amatsiko menshi. Nti bari barigeze <strong>ku</strong>mva inyigisho nk’izo mbere. In<strong>ku</strong>ru<br />

ishimishije y’uru<strong>ku</strong>ndo rw’Umukiza n’ubwishingizi bwo <strong>ku</strong>babarirwa no <strong>ku</strong>gira amahoro<br />

<strong>ku</strong>bw’amaraso ye a<strong>ku</strong>raho ibyaha, byanejeje imitima yabo kandi bibatera ibyiringiro<br />

bihoraho. Umucyo wari umaze <strong>ku</strong>murika i Wittenberg kandi imirasire yawo yagombaga<br />

gukwira mu turere tw’isi twa <strong>ku</strong>re, ndetse <strong>ku</strong>rabagira<strong>na</strong> kwawo <strong>ku</strong>kiyongera <strong>ku</strong>zageza <strong>ku</strong><br />

iherezo ry’ibihe.<br />

Nyamara umucyo n’umwijima ntibishobora <strong>ku</strong>mvika<strong>na</strong>. Hagati y’u<strong>ku</strong>ri n’ikinyoma hari<br />

intambara idashobora guhagarikwa. Gukomera <strong>ku</strong>ri kimwe no <strong>ku</strong>gishyigikira ni ugushotora<br />

ikindi no <strong>ku</strong>gisenya. Umukiza wacu ubwe yaravuze ati: “Mwe gutekereza ko <strong>na</strong>zanywe no<br />

<strong>ku</strong>za<strong>na</strong> amahoro mu isi: si<strong>na</strong>je <strong>ku</strong>za<strong>na</strong> amahoro, ahubwo <strong>na</strong>je <strong>ku</strong>za<strong>na</strong> inkota.” 81 Nyuma<br />

y’imyaka mike ubugorozi butangiye Luteri yaje <strong>ku</strong>vuga ati: “Ntabwo Ima<strong>na</strong> inyobora gusa<br />

ahubwo ira<strong>na</strong>nsunika ngo njye mbere. Iranjya<strong>na</strong>. Ntabwo nitegeka. Nifuza kwibera mu<br />

88

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