07.04.2023 Views

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

gukomoka ahantu hatari hasanzwe hatuwe. Umwanditsi w’ikirangirire yasobanuye<br />

umwaduko wa <strong>Leta</strong> Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika maze avuga iby’” amayobera y’umwaduko<br />

wayo ivuye ahantu hadatuwe,” bityo aravuga ati: “Nk’uko urubuto ruba rwicecekeye ni ko<br />

twa<strong>ku</strong>ze tuba igihugu cy’igihangange.” 613<br />

Mu mwaka wa 1850, ikinyama<strong>ku</strong>ru cyo mu Burayi cyavuze ko <strong>Leta</strong> Zunze Ubumwe za<br />

Amerika ari ubutegetsi butangaje, ‘bwarushagaho gukomera’ kandi ‘bwongeraga imbaraga<br />

zabwo n’ishema ryabwo buri munsi mu gihe isi yose ituje.’ Uwitwa Edward Everett, mu<br />

ijambo yavuze <strong>ku</strong> Bagenzi bashinze iki gihugu, yaravuze ati: “Mbese bashakaga ahantu<br />

hitaruye, ahantu hari amahoro kandi hatuje <strong>ku</strong>bwo <strong>ku</strong>ba hitaruye ahandi, ahantu itorero rito<br />

ry’i Leyden ryagombaga kwishimira umudendezo wo gu<strong>ku</strong>rikiza ijwi ry’umutima<strong>na</strong>?<br />

Nimwitegereze amadini akomeye bashinzeho amabendera y’umusaraba mu <strong>ku</strong>higarurira mu<br />

buryo bw’amahoro!” 614<br />

“Kandi yari ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwa<strong>na</strong> w’intama.” Amahembe nk’ay’umwa<strong>na</strong><br />

w’intama yereka<strong>na</strong> ubuto, ubutungane n’ubugwaneza, bigaragaza neza imico ya <strong>Leta</strong> Zunze<br />

Ubumwe za Amerika ubwo yagaragarizwaga umuhanuzi ko “izazamuka mu butaka” mu<br />

mwaka wa 1798 N.K. Mu Bakristo b’impunzi bahungiye muri Amerika bwa mbere kandi<br />

bashakaga aho bikinga gukandamizwa n’abami no <strong>ku</strong>dacirwa akari urutega n’abapadiri,<br />

harimo benshi biyemeje gushinga ubutegetsi <strong>ku</strong> rufatiro rugari rw’umudendezo mu butegetsi<br />

no mu by’idini. Ibitekerezo byabo byagaragarijwe mu Itangazo ry’Ubwigenge, rishyira<br />

ahagaragara u<strong>ku</strong>ri gukomeye <strong>ku</strong>vuga ko “abantu bose baremwe banga<strong>na</strong>” kandi ririmo<br />

uburenganzira nta<strong>ku</strong>ka bwo “<strong>ku</strong>baho, umudendezo no gushaka icyanezeza umuntu.” Kandi<br />

Itegeko-nshinga ryemerera abantu bose uburenganzira bwo kwishyira bakiza<strong>na</strong>, rikavuga ko<br />

abahagarariye abandi batowe <strong>na</strong> rubanda bazashyiraho amategeko kandi bagahagaranira ko<br />

yubahirizwa. Hatanzwe kandi umudendezo mu myizerere y’iby’idini, umuntu wese ahabwa<br />

uburenganzira bwo gusenga Ima<strong>na</strong> a<strong>ku</strong>rikije uko umutima<strong>na</strong>ma we ubimutegeka. Amahame<br />

y’ubutegetsi bw’abaturage615 ndetse n’ay’Ubuporotesitanti, yahindutse amahame fatizo<br />

y’icyo gihugu. Ayo mahame ni yo banga ry’imbaraga no <strong>ku</strong>gubwa neza by’icyo gihugu. Abari<br />

barakandamijwe kandi batotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bya gikristo bagiye bajya muri iki<br />

gihugu babishishikariye kandi bafite ibyiringiro. Abantu miliyoni nyinshi bashakaga uko<br />

bagera <strong>ku</strong> nkengero zayo, bityo <strong>Leta</strong> Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zara<strong>ku</strong>ze zigira umwanya<br />

mu bihugu by’ibihangange byo <strong>ku</strong> isi.<br />

Nyamara inyamaswa ifite amahembe nk’ay’umwa<strong>na</strong> w’intama, “yavugaga nk’ikiyoka.<br />

Itegekesha ububasha bwose bwa ya nyamaswa ya mbere mu maso yayo, ihata isi n’abayirimo<br />

ngo baramye ya nyamaswa ya mbere yakize uruguma rwayishe; . . . ibabwira <strong>ku</strong>rema<br />

igishushanyo cya ya nyamaswa yari ikomerekejwe n’inkota ikabaho.” 616<br />

Amahembe nk’ay’umwa<strong>na</strong> w’intama n’ijwi ry’ikiyoka bikoreshwa mu bigereranyo,<br />

byereka<strong>na</strong> u<strong>ku</strong>vuguruzanya gukomeye <strong>ku</strong>ri hagati y’ibivugwa n’iryo shyanga ndetse<br />

n’imikorere yaryo. U<strong>ku</strong>vuga kw’igihugu gusobanuye igikorwa n’ububasha bw’amategeko<br />

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