Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba iy’uko “umwuzure w’imico ya gipagani wisuka mu itorero, uzana n’imigenzo, imikorere ndetse n’ibigirwamana biwurangwamo.” 515 Uko itorero rya gikristo ryemeraga gufashwa no gushyigikirwa n’abategetsi b’isi, ni ko ryemerwaga n’abantu benshi cyane. Nyamara nubwo bagaragaraga nk’abakristo, benshi “ntibyababujije gukomeza kwibera mu bupagani ariko by’umwihariko basengera ibigirwamana byabo mu rwihisho.” 516 Mbese ibintu nk’ibyo ntibyagiye byongera gukorwa hafi muri buri torero ryose ryiyita Abaporotestanti? Uko abayatangije, ari nabo bari bafite umwuka nyakuri w’ivugurura bagendaga bapfa, ababakomokaho barabasimburaga ubutumwa bwayo bugahabwa ishusho nshya.” Nubwo bihambiraga ku myizerere ya ba se mu buryo bw’ubuhumyi kandi bakanga kwemera ukuri kose batigeze bamenya, abana b’abagorozi bagiye kure y’urugero rwo kwicisha bugufi, kwitanga no kwanga iby’isi. Uko ni ko kwicisha bugufi kwa mbere kwabavuyemo.” Umwuzure w’imico y’ab’isi wisutse mu itorero, uzana n’imigenzo no gusenga ibigirwamana by’ab’isi.” Mbega ukuntu biteye ubwoba kubona uko gukunda iby’isi ari byo bitera, “guhinduka umwanzi w’Imana,” muri iki gihe byahawe intebe mu bavuga ko ari abayoboke ba Kristo! Mbega ukuntu amatorero y’ibyamamare y’aharangwa Ubukristo hose yahabye akajya kure y’amabwiriza ya Bibiliya mubyo kwicisha bugufi, kwiyanga, kwiyoroshya no kubaha Imana! Ubwo Yohana Wesley yavugaga iby’uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amafaranga yaravuze ati: “Ntimugapfushe ubusa umugabane uwo ari wo wose w’iyo mpano y’agatangaza kugira ngo munezeze ibyo amaso yanyu yifuza, kubwo kwishyiraho imitako ihenze kandi idafitiye umubiri akamaro. Ntimukagire umugabane na muto mupfusha ubusa kubwo kurimbisha amazu yanyu; mu kugura ibikoresho byo mu rugo bihenze kandi bidafite akamaro; mu kugura amashusho n’amarangi by’igiciro kirekire. . . ” Ntimukagire icyo mutangira gushimisha ubwibone bw’ubuzima, no kugira ngo mutangarirwe kandi musingizwe n’abantu. . . ‘Igihe cyose muzakora ibyiza, abantu ntibazabura kubavuga neza.’ Igihe cyose mwambara ‘imyambaro y’umuhengeri n’umuhemba,’ ukifata neza buri munsi, nta gushidikanya abantu benshi bazagushimira ko uberewe, ko ugira ubuntu kandi wakira abashyitsi. Ariko ntimugashake kubahatira kubashimagiza mu buryo burenze. Ahubwo mushimishwe n’icyubahiro gituruka ku Mana.” 517 Nyamara mu matorero menshi yo muri iki gihe cyacu, iyo nyigisho ntigihabwa agaciro. Kwitirirwa idini runaka byahindutse rusange mu isi. Abayobozi, abanyapolitiki, abacamanza, abaganga n’abacuruzi bayoboka itorero runaka ari uburyo bwo gushaka icyubahiro no kwiringirwa n’abantu no kugera ku nyungu zabo bwite z’iby’isi. Uko ni ko bagerageza guhisha ibyo bakora bidatunganye bakabitwikiriza umwenda w’Ubukristo. Amatorero menshi, iyo ashyigikiwe n’ubukungu n’ubushobozi by’abo bantu babatijwe nyamara bagamije inyungu z’isi, ashakashakana umwete kuba ibyamamare no gufashwa. Insengero z’ibitangarirwa, zitatswe mu buryo bw’akataraboneka zubakwa ahantu abantu benshi bakunda guhurira. Abaje kuramya bambara imyenda ihenze kandi igezweho. Umuvugabutumwa ufite impano yo kunezeza abayoboke no kubakurura ahembwa 282
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba umushahara munini. Mu bibwirizwa bye, ntagomba kwamagana ibyaha rusange biri mu bantu, ahubwo amagambo ye agomba kuba asize umunyu kandi aryoheye amatwi y’abakunda ibigezweho. Muri ubwo buryo, abanyabyaha bakunda ibigezweho bandikwa mu bitabo by’itorero, kandi ibyaha bigezweho bigatwikirirwa umwenda wo kwigira intungane. Mu kuvuga iby’uko abantu bavuga ko ari Abakristo bitwara imbere y’ab’isi, ikinyamakuru cyamamaye cyane mu nyandiko z’iby’isi cyaravuze kiti: “Itorero ryagiye ryakira buhoro buhoro mu buryo butagaraga umwuka w’iby’iki gihe, maze rihuza uburyo bwaryo bwo gusenga n’ibyo ab’iki gihe bashaka.” “Itorero rikoresha ibintu byose birifasha gutuma iby’idini biba ibintu bikurura abantu.” Ku byerekeye imiterere y’itorero ry’Abametodisiti, umwanditsi umwe wo mu kinyamakuru cyitwa “ Independent” cyo muri New York yaravuze ati: “Umurongo utandukanya abubaha Imana n’abatayubaha uragenda usibangana uhinduka umwijima, kandi abantu bo muri ayo matsinda yombi bamaramaje bakora uko bashoboye ngo bakureho ryose itandukaniro riboneka hagati y’uburyo bihariye bwo gukora n’ibibanezeza.” “Kwamamara kw’iby’idini kuragenda kongera cyane umubare w’abantu bifuza kubona inyungu zibirimo ariko batuzuje inshingano basabwa.” Uwitwa Howard Crosby yaravuze ati: “Ni ikintu gikomeye cyane kubona uburyo itorero rya Kristo ridasohoza imigambi y’Umwami waryo. Nk’uko Abayahudi ba kera baretse ukwifatanya n’amahanga asenga ibigirwamana kugakura imitima yabo ku Mana,... ni ko muri iki gihe, ku bw’ubufatanye bubi n’ab’isi batizera, itorero rya Yesu rigenda rireka uburyo bw’imibereho yaryo nyakuri bwagenwe n’Imana, bityo rikemera imigenzereze mibi y’abatubaha Kristo, rigakoresha ibitekerezo ndetse rikagera ku myanzuro ihabanye n’ibyo Imana yahishuye ndetse inarwanya gukurira mu buntu bw’Imana kose.” 518 Muri urwo rujya n’uruza rw’iby’isi no kwishakira ibinezeza, umutima wo kwiyanga n’ubwitange kubwa Kristo usa n’uwazimangatanye rwose. “Muri iki gihe abagabo bamwe n’abagore bagize itorero, bigishijwe kwigomwa kugira ngo babashe kugira icyo batanga cyangwa bakora mu murimo wa Kristo ubwo bari bakiri abana.” Ariko se ubu, igihe itorero rikeneye amafaranga, . . . nta muntu wasabwa gutanga. Oya! ahubwo hategurwa igurisha, ibitaramo bya nijoro, tombola, ibirori byo gusangirira hamwe nk’ibyabagaho mu gihe cya kera, cyangwa hagategurwa ibyo kurya runaka. Hashakwa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyashimisha abantu.” Uwitwa Washburn wari umuyobozi w’intara ya Wiscosin ubwo yatangagaga ubutumwa bwe bwa buri mwaka, ku itariki ya 9 Mutarama 1873 yaravuze ati: “Bisa n’aho hakenewe itegeko ryo gufunga amashuri agaragaramo gukina urusimbi. Ayo mashuri ari hirya no hino. Ndetse n’itorero (mu buryo ritagambiriye, nta gushidikanya) rimwe na rimwe usanga rikora umurimo w’umwanzi. Ibitaramo bigamije gusaba abantu impano, gahunda zo gusaba impano na za tombora rimwe na rimwe bikorwa mu rwego rwo gufasha imigambi y’idini n’ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza, nyamara akenshi iyo migambi nta gaciro iba ifite. Iriya mikorere yose ni inzira zo kubona amafaranga kandi uyatanze nta cyo yungutse. Nta kintu na kimwe gisenya 283
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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />
umushahara munini. Mu bibwirizwa bye, ntagomba kwamaga<strong>na</strong> ibyaha rusange biri mu<br />
bantu, ahubwo amagambo ye agomba <strong>ku</strong>ba asize umunyu kandi aryoheye amatwi y’aba<strong>ku</strong>nda<br />
ibigezweho. Muri ubwo buryo, abanyabyaha ba<strong>ku</strong>nda ibigezweho bandikwa mu bitabo<br />
by’itorero, kandi ibyaha bigezweho bigatwikirirwa umwenda wo kwigira intungane.<br />
Mu <strong>ku</strong>vuga iby’uko abantu bavuga ko ari Abakristo bitwara imbere y’ab’isi, ikinyama<strong>ku</strong>ru<br />
cyamamaye cyane mu nyandiko z’iby’isi cyaravuze kiti: “<strong>Itorero</strong> ryagiye ryakira buhoro<br />
buhoro mu buryo butagaraga umwuka w’iby’iki gihe, maze rihuza uburyo bwaryo bwo<br />
gusenga n’ibyo ab’iki gihe bashaka.” “<strong>Itorero</strong> rikoresha ibintu byose birifasha gutuma<br />
iby’idini biba ibintu bi<strong>ku</strong>rura abantu.” Ku byerekeye imiterere y’itorero ry’Abametodisiti,<br />
umwanditsi umwe wo mu kinyama<strong>ku</strong>ru cyitwa “ Independent” cyo muri New York yaravuze<br />
ati: “Umurongo utandukanya abubaha Ima<strong>na</strong> n’abatayubaha uragenda usibanga<strong>na</strong> uhinduka<br />
umwijima, kandi abantu bo muri ayo matsinda yombi bamaramaje bakora uko bashoboye ngo<br />
ba<strong>ku</strong>reho ryose itandukaniro riboneka hagati y’uburyo bihariye bwo gukora n’ibibanezeza.”<br />
“Kwamamara kw’iby’idini <strong>ku</strong>ragenda kongera cyane umubare w’abantu bifuza <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong><br />
inyungu zibirimo ariko batuzuje inshingano basabwa.”<br />
Uwitwa Howard Crosby yaravuze ati: “Ni ikintu gikomeye cyane <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong> uburyo itorero<br />
rya Kristo ridasohoza imigambi y’Umwami waryo. Nk’uko Abayahudi ba kera baretse<br />
ukwifatanya n’amahanga asenga ibigirwama<strong>na</strong> <strong>ku</strong>ga<strong>ku</strong>ra imitima yabo <strong>ku</strong> Ma<strong>na</strong>,... ni ko muri<br />
iki gihe, <strong>ku</strong> bw’ubufatanye bubi n’ab’isi batizera, itorero rya Yesu rigenda rireka uburyo<br />
bw’imibereho yaryo nya<strong>ku</strong>ri bwagenwe n’Ima<strong>na</strong>, bityo rikemera imigenzereze mibi<br />
y’abatubaha Kristo, rigakoresha ibitekerezo ndetse rikagera <strong>ku</strong> myanzuro ihabanye n’ibyo<br />
Ima<strong>na</strong> yahishuye ndetse i<strong>na</strong>rwanya gu<strong>ku</strong>rira mu buntu bw’Ima<strong>na</strong> kose.” 518<br />
Muri urwo rujya n’uruza rw’iby’isi no kwishakira ibinezeza, umutima wo kwiyanga<br />
n’ubwitange <strong>ku</strong>bwa Kristo usa n’uwazimangatanye rwose. “Muri iki gihe abagabo bamwe<br />
n’abagore bagize itorero, bigishijwe kwigomwa <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo babashe <strong>ku</strong>gira icyo batanga<br />
cyangwa bakora mu murimo wa Kristo ubwo bari bakiri aba<strong>na</strong>.” Ariko se ubu, igihe itorero<br />
rikeneye amafaranga, . . . nta muntu wasabwa gutanga. Oya! ahubwo hategurwa igurisha,<br />
ibitaramo bya nijoro, tombola, ibirori byo gusangirira hamwe nk’ibyabagaho mu gihe cya<br />
kera, cyangwa hagategurwa ibyo <strong>ku</strong>rya ru<strong>na</strong>ka. Hashakwa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose<br />
cyashimisha abantu.”<br />
Uwitwa Washburn wari umuyobozi w’intara ya Wiscosin ubwo yatangagaga ubutumwa<br />
bwe bwa buri mwaka, <strong>ku</strong> itariki ya 9 Mutarama 1873 yaravuze ati: “Bisa n’aho hakenewe<br />
itegeko ryo gufunga amashuri agaragaramo guki<strong>na</strong> urusimbi. Ayo mashuri ari hirya no hino.<br />
Ndetse n’itorero (mu buryo ritagambiriye, nta gushidikanya) rimwe <strong>na</strong> rimwe usanga rikora<br />
umurimo w’umwanzi. Ibitaramo bigamije gusaba abantu impano, gahunda zo gusaba impano<br />
<strong>na</strong> za tombora rimwe <strong>na</strong> rimwe bikorwa mu rwego rwo gufasha imigambi y’idini n’ibikorwa<br />
by’ubugiraneza, nyamara akenshi iyo migambi nta gaciro iba ifite. Iriya mikorere yose ni<br />
inzira zo <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong> amafaranga kandi uyatanze nta cyo yungutse. Nta kintu <strong>na</strong> kimwe gisenya<br />
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