Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba ndetse ibyo bikajyana n’ubuhenebere mu by’umwuka. Ariko muri uwo mwaka, habonetse ibimenyetso byo gusubira inyuma gutunguranye ariko gukomeye mu matorero hafi ya yose. Nubwo nta muntu washoboye kuvuga impamvu zibiteye, ibyabaye ubwabyo byaragaragaraga hirya no hino kandi bikavugwa mu bitangazamakuru no ku ruhimbi. Mu materaniro amwe y’itorero ry’Abapresibiteriyeni bo mu mujyi wa Filadelifiya (Philadelphia), uwitwa Barnes wanditse igitabo cy’ubusobanuro cyakoreshwaga cyane kandi akaba yari umupasitoro wayoboraga rimwe mu matorero akomeye yo muri uwo mujyi yaravuze ati: “Maze imyaka makumyabiri yose ndi umuyobozi w’itorero, ntibyigeze bimbaho yuko igihe cyo gusangirira hamwe ifunguro ryera mbura abantu mu rusengero uretse ubushize. Ariko muri iki gihe simbona ububyutse, nta no kwihana, nta no gukurira mu buntu bw’Imana kugaragara mu bavuga ko ari abizera. Nta bantu bakinsanga aho nkorera ngo tuganire iby’agakiza k’ubugingo bwabo. Gutwarwa n’iby’isi biragenda byiyongera bijyanye no kwiyongera mu bukungu, ubucuruzi n’inganda. Uko niko bimeze mu matorero yose.” 499 Mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare k’uwo mwaka, umwigisha witwaga Finney wo mu ishuri rya Oberlin yaravuze ati: “Dufite igihamya imbere yacu ko muri rusange amatorero y’Abaporotesitanti mu gihugu cyacu atemera cyangwa arwanya amavugururwa mu mico mbonera hafi ya yose abaho muri iki gihe. Hari umugabane muto gusa utari muri urwo ruhande ariko ibyo ntibibuza kuvuga ko ari rusange. Dufite kandi n’ikindi gihamya gishyigikiye ibyo tuvuga: Ni uko mu matorero yose muri rusange hatarangwa imbaraga y’ububyutse. Ubukonje mu by’umwuka buragenda bucengera mu bantu hafi ya bose, kandi burakabije biteye ubwoba. Ibitangazamakuru by’amadini mu gihugu cyose birabihamya. . . Abayoboke b’amatorero bagenda batwarwa n’ibigezweho mu buryo bukabije,- bifatanya n’abatubaha Imana mu minsi mikuru yo kwinezeza, mu mbyino, mu birori, n’ibindi. Ariko ntibikwiye ko tubivugaho byinshi cyane igihe kirekire. Birahagije gusa yuko ibihamya byiyongera kandi bigatamurura ijuru hejuru yacu byerekana ko muri rusange amatorero agenda ahenebera mu buryo bubabaje. Yagiye kure cyane y’Umukiza maze nawe ayavamo arigendera.” Umwanditsi wo mu kinyamakuru cyarebaga kure mu by’idini500 nawe yarahamije ati: “Ntabwo twigeze tubona gusubira inyuma mu by’idini kuri rusange nk’uko bimeze ubu. Mu by’ukuri, itorero rikwiriye gukanguka maze rigashakisha impamvu y’aka kaga; kuko umuntu wese ukunda Siyoni abona ko ari akaga. Iyo twibutse uburyo uguhinduka nyakuri ari guke cyane ndetse hakanabaho agasuzuguro no kwinangira by’abanyabyaha bitagereranywa, bidutera gutaka tuvuga tuti, ‘Mbese Imana yibagiwe kuba inyabuntu? Cyangwa se urugi rw’imbabazi rwarakinzwe?’” Ibyo ntibishobora kuba bidaturutse mu itorero ubwaryo. Umwijima mu by’umwuka ugwirira amahanga, amatorero n’abantu ku giti cyabo ntabwo ku ruhande rw’Imana watewe no gukurwaho k’ubufasha bw’ubuntu mvajuru, ahubwo watewe no kwirengagiza cyangwa kwanga umucyo w’Imana ku ruhande rw’abantu. Icyitegererezo gikomeye cy’uko kuri 276
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba kigaragara mu mateka y’ishyanga ry’Abayahudi mu gihe cya Kristo. Kubwo kwirundurira mu isi no kwibagirwa Imana n’ijambo ryayo, imyumvire yabo yari yaracuze umwijima, imitima yabo itwarwa n’iby’isi n’irari. Bityo bari bibereye mu bujiji bwo kutamenya ibyo kuza kwa Mesiya, kandi kubw’ubwibone bwabo no kutizera banze Umucunguzi wabo. Nyamara ntabwo Imana yigeze igomwa ishyanga ry’Abayahudi uburyo bwo kumenya cyangwa kugira uruhare ku migisha y’agakiza. Ariko abantu banze kwakira ukuri batakaje ubushake bwose bwo kwakira impano y’Imana. Bahinduye “umucyo bawugira umwijima, n’ibyari umwijima babigira umucyo,” kugeza ubwo umucyo wari muri bo wahindutse umwijima. Mbega ukuntu uwo mwijima wari mwinshi! Gutsimbarara ku mihango y’idini gusa, nyamara abantu bakiberaho nta mwuka wo kubaha Imana ubarangwamo. Banezeza Satani. Ubwo Abayahudi bari bamaze kwanga ubutumwa bwiza, bakomeje gutsimbarara ku mihango yabo ya kera babishishikaye, bakomeza kugundira imyumvire ko ari ishyanga ryihariye, nyamara bo ubwabo baragombaga kumenya ko Imana itakiri hagati muri bo bakabyemera. Ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli bwerekanaga ku buryo bugaragara igihe cyo kuza kwa Mesiya, kandi bwavuze iby’urupfu rwe mbere y’igihe mu buryo butaziguye ku buryo Abayahudi bagwabije gahunda yo kubwiga, kandi amaherezo abigisha bakuru bavuga ko umuvumo uzagera ku bantu bose bazagerageza gukora imibare ngo bamenye iby’icyo gihe. Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho Abisirayeli bagumye mu buhumyi no kwinangira, ntibita ku kurarikirwa kwakira agakiza, ntibazirikana imigisha y’ubutumwa bwiza ndetse n’umuburo ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba waberekaga akaga barimo kubwo kwanga umucyo mvajuru. Ahantu hose haboneka impamvu nk’izo, hazanaboneka ingaruka nk’izo zabayeho. Umuntu wese wiyemeza ku bushake bwe kwanga ibyo umutima umwemeza akwiriye gukora bitewe n’uko bibangamira ibyo ararikiye, amaherezo azabura ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ukuri n’ibinyoma. Ubwenge bucura umwijima, umutimanama ukagwa ikinya, umutima ukinangira maze ubugingo bwe bugatandukana n’Imana. Aho ubutumwa buvuga iby’ukuri mvajuru busuzuguwe cyangwa bugapfobywa, itorero rizabundikirwa n’umwijima; kwizera n’urukundo bizakonja kandi kudahuza n’amacakubiri bizaryinjiramo. Abagize itorero berekeza inyungu n’imbaraga zabo mu gushaka iby’isi kandi abanyabyaha bakarushaho kwinangira ntibihane. Ubutumwa bwa marayika wa mbere bwo mu Byahishuwe 14, buvuga iby’igihe cy’Imana cyo guca urubanza kandi bukaba burarikira abantu gutinya Imana no kuyiha ikuzo, bwatangiwe kugira ngo butandukanye abavuga ko ari ubwoko bw’Imana n’ibyangiza by’isi ndetse no kubakangura ngo babone imiterere yabo nyakuri yo gutwarwa n’iby’isi no gusubira inyuma. Imana yoherereje itorero ubutumwa bw’imbuzi ibunyujije muri ubu butumwa kandi iyo bwemerwa bwajyaga gukosora ibibi byatumaga abagize itorero batandukana na Yo. Iyo bakira ubutumwa mvajuru, bagacisha bugufi imitima yabo imbere y’Uwiteka kandi bagashaka kwitegura kuzagaragara imbere y’Umukiza babikuye ku mutima, imbaraga y’Imana na Mwuka wayo biba byaragaragariye muri bo. Itorero riba ryarageze kuri wa 277
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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />
ndetse ibyo bikajya<strong>na</strong> n’ubuhenebere mu by’umwuka. Ariko muri uwo mwaka, habonetse<br />
ibimenyetso byo gusubira inyuma gutunguranye ariko gukomeye mu matorero hafi ya yose.<br />
Nubwo nta muntu washoboye <strong>ku</strong>vuga impamvu zibiteye, ibyabaye ubwabyo byaragaragaraga<br />
hirya no hino kandi bikavugwa mu bitangazama<strong>ku</strong>ru no <strong>ku</strong> ruhimbi.<br />
Mu materaniro amwe y’itorero ry’Abapresibiteriyeni bo mu mujyi wa Filadelifiya<br />
(Philadelphia), uwitwa Barnes wanditse igitabo cy’ubusobanuro cyakoreshwaga cyane kandi<br />
akaba yari umupasitoro wayoboraga rimwe mu matorero akomeye yo muri uwo mujyi<br />
yaravuze ati: “Maze imyaka ma<strong>ku</strong>myabiri yose ndi umuyobozi w’itorero, ntibyigeze bimbaho<br />
yuko igihe cyo gusangirira hamwe ifunguro ryera mbura abantu mu rusengero uretse<br />
ubushize. Ariko muri iki gihe simbo<strong>na</strong> ububyutse, nta no kwiha<strong>na</strong>, nta no gu<strong>ku</strong>rira mu buntu<br />
bw’Ima<strong>na</strong> <strong>ku</strong>garagara mu bavuga ko ari abizera. Nta bantu bakinsanga aho nkorera ngo<br />
tuganire iby’agakiza k’ubugingo bwabo. Gutwarwa n’iby’isi biragenda byiyongera bijyanye<br />
no kwiyongera mu bu<strong>ku</strong>ngu, ubucuruzi n’inganda. Uko niko bimeze mu matorero yose.” 499<br />
Mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare k’uwo mwaka, umwigisha witwaga Finney wo mu ishuri rya<br />
Oberlin yaravuze ati: “Dufite igihamya imbere yacu ko muri rusange amatorero<br />
y’Abaporotesitanti mu gihugu cyacu atemera cyangwa arwanya amavugururwa mu mico<br />
mbonera hafi ya yose abaho muri iki gihe. Hari umugabane muto gusa utari muri urwo<br />
ruhande ariko ibyo ntibibuza <strong>ku</strong>vuga ko ari rusange. Dufite kandi n’ikindi gihamya<br />
gishyigikiye ibyo tuvuga: Ni uko mu matorero yose muri rusange hatarangwa imbaraga<br />
y’ububyutse. Ubukonje mu by’umwuka buragenda bucengera mu bantu hafi ya bose, kandi<br />
burakabije biteye ubwoba. Ibitangazama<strong>ku</strong>ru by’amadini mu gihugu cyose birabihamya. . .<br />
Abayoboke b’amatorero bagenda batwarwa n’ibigezweho mu buryo bukabije,- bifatanya<br />
n’abatubaha Ima<strong>na</strong> mu minsi mi<strong>ku</strong>ru yo kwinezeza, mu mbyino, mu birori, n’ibindi. Ariko<br />
ntibikwiye ko tubivugaho byinshi cyane igihe kirekire. Birahagije gusa yuko ibihamya<br />
byiyongera kandi bigatamurura ijuru hejuru yacu byereka<strong>na</strong> ko muri rusange amatorero<br />
agenda ahenebera mu buryo bubabaje. Yagiye <strong>ku</strong>re cyane y’Umukiza maze <strong>na</strong>we ayavamo<br />
arigendera.”<br />
Umwanditsi wo mu kinyama<strong>ku</strong>ru cyarebaga <strong>ku</strong>re mu by’idini500 <strong>na</strong>we yarahamije ati:<br />
“Ntabwo twigeze tubo<strong>na</strong> gusubira inyuma mu by’idini <strong>ku</strong>ri rusange nk’uko bimeze ubu. Mu<br />
by’u<strong>ku</strong>ri, itorero rikwiriye gukanguka maze rigashakisha impamvu y’aka kaga; <strong>ku</strong>ko umuntu<br />
wese u<strong>ku</strong>nda Siyoni abo<strong>na</strong> ko ari akaga. Iyo twibutse uburyo uguhinduka nya<strong>ku</strong>ri ari guke<br />
cyane ndetse haka<strong>na</strong>baho agasuzuguro no kwi<strong>na</strong>ngira by’abanyabyaha bitagereranywa,<br />
bidutera gutaka tuvuga tuti, ‘Mbese Ima<strong>na</strong> yibagiwe <strong>ku</strong>ba inyabuntu? Cyangwa se urugi<br />
rw’imbabazi rwarakinzwe?’”<br />
Ibyo ntibishobora <strong>ku</strong>ba bidaturutse mu itorero ubwaryo. Umwijima mu by’umwuka<br />
ugwirira amahanga, amatorero n’abantu <strong>ku</strong> giti cyabo ntabwo <strong>ku</strong> ruhande rw’Ima<strong>na</strong> watewe<br />
no gu<strong>ku</strong>rwaho k’ubufasha bw’ubuntu mvajuru, ahubwo watewe no kwirengagiza cyangwa<br />
kwanga umucyo w’Ima<strong>na</strong> <strong>ku</strong> ruhande rw’abantu. Icyitegererezo gikomeye cy’uko <strong>ku</strong>ri<br />
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