Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba ku nkingi z’umuriro. Ubwo ibirimi by’umuriro byari biri hafi gucecekesha amajwi yabo, bagatwikwa, Latimer yabwiye bagenzi be baziraga ukwizera kwabo ati: “Nimukomere, ku bw’ubuntu bw’Imana, uyu munsi turakongeza itara mu Bwongereza, kandi nk’uko mbyiringira, ntirizigera rizima.” 265 Muri Sikotilandi, imbuto z’ukuri zabibwe na Columba na bagenzi be zari zitarahubanganye rwose. Kubera ko mu gihe cy’imyaka amagana menshi nyuma y’uko amatorero yo mu Bwongereza yemera kugengwa na Roma, amatorero yo muri Sikotilandi yo yakomeje kugira umudendezo wayo. Nyamara mu kinyejana cya cumi na kabiri, ubupapa bwahashinze imizi kandi nta kindi gihugu bwagaragajemo ubutware bukomeye nk’iki. Nta handi hari umwijima mwinshi nkaho. Nyamara hari hakigera imyambi y’umucyo yahuranyaga mu mwijima kandi igatanga icyizere cy’umunsi ugiye kuza. Aba Lollards baturukaga mu Bwongereza bazanye Bibiliya n’inyigisho za Wycliffe, bakoze byinshi mu gutuma abantu bamenya ubutumwa bwiza, kandi buri kinyejana cyagiye kigira abahamya bacyo n’abapfa bazize ukwizera kwabo. Mu itangira ry’Ubugorozi bukomeye, nibwo habonetse inyandiko za Luteri maze hakurikiraho Isezerano Rishya ryasobanuwe na Tyndale mu Cyongereza. Inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’itorero zitigeze zibimenya, izo ntumwa zambukiranyaga imisozi n’ibibaya bucece, zigacana mu bantu amatara y’ukuri yari hafi kuzima muri Sikotilandi, kandi uwo mucyo ugasenya umurimo Roma yari yarakoze mu gihe cy’ibinyejana bine yayoboresheje igitugu. Bityo imivu y’amaraso y’abarenganyirizwaga kwizera kwabo iha imbaraga nshya ubugorozi. Abakuru b’ubuyobozi bwa Roma bakangukiye hejuru kubw’akaga kari kugarije umurimo wabo, maze bafata bamwe mu bakomeye n’abubahwaga cyane muri Sikotilandi, baburiza inkingi z’umuriro barabatwika. Nyamara mu kugenza batyo, icyo babaga bakoze cyari ukubaka uruhimbi aho abo bahamya babaga bicwa bavugiraga amagambo yumvikanaga mu gihugu cyose, agatuma abantu bagira umugambi udatezuka wo kwiganzura ingoyi ya Roma. Hamilton na Wishart, bavutse ari ibikomangoma kandi bikanagaragarira mu mico yabo, hamwe n’abandi bigishwa benshi bicishaga bugufi, batanze ubuzima bwabo batwikirwa ku mambo. Ariko aho Wishart yatwikiwe, havuye umuntu utarabashaga gucecekeshwa n’ibirimi by’umuriro, uwari gukoreshwa n’Imana maze akarwanya ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’ubupapa muri Sikotilandi. Yohani Knox yari yaritandukanyije n’imigenzo n’ibihimbano by’itorero kugira ngo abone uko ahazwa n’ukuri kw’Ijambo ry’Imana; kandi inyigisho za Wishart zari zarashimangiye icyemezo cye cyo guca umubano hagati ye na Roma ,maze yifatanya n’abagorozi batotezwaga. Ubwo yasabwaga na bagenzi be gufata inshingano yo kubwiriza, yarabitinye ahinda umushyitsi. Yaje kubyemera nyuma yo kumara iminsi yiherereye wenyine kandi 180
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba bimuremereye mu mutima we. Ariko ubwo yari amaze kubyemera, yakoranye umurava udasanzwe, afite kumasha kutadohoka ndetse n’ubutwari budacogora mu gihe cyose yabayeho. Uwo mugorozi wari ufite umutima w’ubunyangamugayo ntiyatinyaga amaso y’abantu. Ibirimi by’umuriro byo gutwika abaziraga ukwizera kwabo byagurumanaga ahamukikije, nta kindi byamaze uretse gutuma ishyaka yari afite rirushaho gukomera. Nubwo intorezo y’umugome yari iri hejuru y’umutwe we, yagumye mu birindiro bye, arahangana, arwanana imbaraga nyinshi iburyo n’ibumoso ngo asenye gusenga ibigirwamana. Igihe bamuzanaga imbere y’umwamikazi wa Sikotilandi, aho ubutwari bwa benshi mu bayobozi b’abaporotesitanti bwari bwaracogoreye, Yohani Knox we yahahamirije ukuri ashize amanga. Ntibashoboraga kumwigarurira bakoreheje amagambo ashyeshya, kandi ntiyadohokaga imbere y’ibikangisho. Umwamikazi yamureze ubuyobe. Umwamikazi yavuze ko Knox yari yarigishije abantu kuyoboka idini ryabuzanyijwe na Leta, kandi kubw’ibyo yari yarishe itegeko ry’Imana ritegeka ko abantu bose bakwiriye kubaha ibikomangoma bibategeka. Knox yasubije ashikamye ati: “Nk’uko idini nyakuri ridakomora imbaraga cyangwa ubushobozi ku bikomangoma byo ku isi, ahubwo ribikomora ku Mana yonyine, ni ko abantu batagomba kubaka idini yabo ku byifuzo by’ibikomangoma bibategeka. Kuko bijya bibaho kenshi ko ibikomangoma bidasobanukirwa n’idini nyakuri y’Imana kurusha abandi bose. . . Mbese iyo urubyaro rwa Aburahamu rwose ruba rwarayobotse idini ya Farawo, uwo bakoreye igihe kirekire, ndababaza Madamu, mbese mu isi yose hari kuba irihe dini? Cyangwa se iyo mu gihe cy’intumwa abantu bose bayoboka idini y’ibikomangoma by’Abaroma, mbese ni irihe yobokamana riba ryarabaye ku isi? . . .Kandi rero, Madamu, mubasha kwibonera ko abayoborwa batagomba guhatirwa gukurikira idini y’ababategeka nubwo bategetswe kubumvira.” Mariya yaravuze ati: “Musobanura Ibyanditswe mu buryo bumwe, kandi nabo babisobanura mu bundi buryo. None nziringira nde kandi ni nde uzaba umucamanza?” Uwo mugorozi yaramusubije ati : “Uziringire Imana, yo yavugiye mu ijambo ryayo yeruye, kandi ibirenze ibyo Ijambo ry’Imana rikwigisha, ntukabyizere utitaye ku muntu uwo ari we wese ubyigisha. Ijambo ry’Imana ubwaryo rirasobanutse; kandi nihagira ahagaragara kudasobanuka, Mwuka Muziranenge utajya yivuguruza, abisobanura neza kurushaho mu yindi mirongo kugira ngo hatagira gushidikanya gusigara keretse ku binangira bagashaka kuguma mu bujiji.” 266 Uku ni ko kuri Umugorozi utaragiraga ubwoba yabwiye ukomeye w’ibwami, ashyize ubugingo bwe mu kaga. Ubwo butwari butangaje ni bwo yakomeje ngo agere ku mugambi we, agasenga kandi arwana urugamba rw’Umukiza kugeza ubwo Sikotilandi yibohoye ubutegetsi bwa Papa. 181
- Page 137 and 138: Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Insinzi
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- Page 231 and 232: Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba kitaruye
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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />
<strong>ku</strong> nkingi z’umuriro. Ubwo ibirimi by’umuriro byari biri hafi gucecekesha amajwi yabo,<br />
bagatwikwa, Latimer yabwiye bagenzi be baziraga ukwizera kwabo ati: “Nimukomere, <strong>ku</strong><br />
bw’ubuntu bw’Ima<strong>na</strong>, uyu munsi turakongeza itara mu Bwongereza, kandi nk’uko<br />
mbyiringira, ntirizigera rizima.” 265<br />
Muri Sikotilandi, imbuto z’u<strong>ku</strong>ri zabibwe <strong>na</strong> Columba <strong>na</strong> bagenzi be zari<br />
zitarahubanganye rwose. Kubera ko mu gihe cy’imyaka amaga<strong>na</strong> menshi nyuma y’uko<br />
amatorero yo mu Bwongereza yemera <strong>ku</strong>gengwa <strong>na</strong> Roma, amatorero yo muri Sikotilandi yo<br />
yakomeje <strong>ku</strong>gira umudendezo wayo. Nyamara mu kinyeja<strong>na</strong> cya cumi <strong>na</strong> kabiri, ubupapa<br />
bwahashinze imizi kandi nta kindi gihugu bwagaragajemo ubutware bukomeye nk’iki. Nta<br />
handi hari umwijima mwinshi nkaho. Nyamara hari hakigera imyambi y’umucyo<br />
yahuranyaga mu mwijima kandi igatanga icyizere cy’umunsi ugiye <strong>ku</strong>za. Aba Lollards<br />
baturukaga mu Bwongereza bazanye Bibiliya n’inyigisho za Wycliffe, bakoze byinshi mu<br />
gutuma abantu bamenya ubutumwa bwiza, kandi buri kinyeja<strong>na</strong> cyagiye kigira abahamya<br />
bacyo n’abapfa bazize ukwizera kwabo.<br />
Mu itangira ry’Ubugorozi bukomeye, nibwo habonetse inyandiko za Luteri maze<br />
ha<strong>ku</strong>rikiraho Isezerano Rishya ryasobanuwe <strong>na</strong> Tyndale mu Cyongereza. Inzego z’ubutegetsi<br />
bw’itorero zitigeze zibimenya, izo ntumwa zambukiranyaga imisozi n’ibibaya bucece,<br />
zigaca<strong>na</strong> mu bantu amatara y’u<strong>ku</strong>ri yari hafi <strong>ku</strong>zima muri Sikotilandi, kandi uwo mucyo<br />
ugasenya umurimo Roma yari yarakoze mu gihe cy’ibinyeja<strong>na</strong> bine yayoboresheje igitugu.<br />
Bityo imivu y’amaraso y’abarenganyirizwaga kwizera kwabo iha imbaraga nshya<br />
ubugorozi. Aba<strong>ku</strong>ru b’ubuyobozi bwa Roma bakangukiye hejuru <strong>ku</strong>bw’akaga kari <strong>ku</strong>garije<br />
umurimo wabo, maze bafata bamwe mu bakomeye n’abubahwaga cyane muri Sikotilandi,<br />
baburiza inkingi z’umuriro barabatwika. Nyamara mu <strong>ku</strong>genza batyo, icyo babaga bakoze<br />
cyari u<strong>ku</strong>baka uruhimbi aho abo bahamya babaga bicwa bavugiraga amagambo yumvika<strong>na</strong>ga<br />
mu gihugu cyose, agatuma abantu bagira umugambi udatezuka wo kwiganzura ingoyi ya<br />
Roma.<br />
Hamilton <strong>na</strong> Wishart, bavutse ari ibikomangoma kandi bika<strong>na</strong>garagarira mu mico yabo,<br />
hamwe n’abandi bigishwa benshi bicishaga bugufi, batanze ubuzima bwabo batwikirwa <strong>ku</strong><br />
mambo. Ariko aho Wishart yatwikiwe, havuye umuntu utarabashaga gucecekeshwa n’ibirimi<br />
by’umuriro, uwari gukoreshwa n’Ima<strong>na</strong> maze akarwanya ubwicanyi bwakorwaga n’ubupapa<br />
muri Sikotilandi.<br />
Yohani Knox yari yaritandukanyije n’imigenzo n’ibihimbano by’itorero <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo abone<br />
uko ahazwa n’u<strong>ku</strong>ri kw’Ijambo ry’Ima<strong>na</strong>; kandi inyigisho za Wishart zari zarashimangiye<br />
icyemezo cye cyo guca umubano hagati ye <strong>na</strong> Roma ,maze yifatanya n’abagorozi<br />
batotezwaga.<br />
Ubwo yasabwaga <strong>na</strong> bagenzi be gufata inshingano yo <strong>ku</strong>bwiriza, yarabitinye ahinda<br />
umushyitsi. Yaje <strong>ku</strong>byemera nyuma yo <strong>ku</strong>mara iminsi yiherereye wenyine kandi<br />
180