Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba bari barasesenguye kandi bamenya neza ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza kandi batsindaga biboroheye inyigisho z’ubucurabwenge n’iza politiki zigishwaga mu mashuri ndetse n’abanyacyubahiro b’i Roma.” 258 Umusaruro w’izo mpaka wabaye uw’uko umwami wa Suwede yemeye ukwizera kw’Abaporotesitanti, kandi nyuma y’igihe gito, inteko ishinga amategeko nayo ivuga ko ishigikiye uko kwizera. Olaf Petri yari yarasobanuye Isezerano Rishya mu rurimi rwo muri Suwede maze kubw’icyifuzo cy’umwami, abo bavandimwe bombi batangira gusobanura Bibiliya yose. Bityo, buba ubwa mbere abaturage bo muri Suwede maze babona ijambo ry’Imana mu rurimi rwabo rwa kavukire. Inama nkuru y’igihugu yategetse ko mu gihugu hose, abagabura b’ubutumwa bwiza bakwiriye gusobanura Ibyanditswe Byera kandi ko mu mashuri abana bose bagomba kwigishwa gusoma Bibiliya. Umucyo w’agatangaza w’ubutumwa bwiza wirukanye bidasuburwaho umwijima w’ubujiji n’imigenzo. Igihugu kibonye umudendezo gikize ikandamiza rya Roma, gishobora kugera ku rugero ruhanitse no gukomera kitari cyarigeze kigeraho mbere. Igihugu cya Suwedi gihinduka kimwe mu bihome by’Ubuporotesitanti. Nyuma y’icyo gihe hashize imyaka ijana, ubwo hariho akaga gakomeye, iki gihugu gito kandi cyari gifite intege nke muri icyo gihe, nicyo cyagize ubutwari mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi, maze gifasha Ubudage mu ntambara ikomeye yamaze imyaka mirongo itatu. Uburayi bw’amajyaruguru bwose, bwasaga n’ubugiye gusubira munsi y’igitugu cy’ubutegetsi bwa Roma. Ingabo za Suwede ni zo zashoboje Abadage gutsimbura abayoboke ba Papa, bituma abaporotestanti babona agahenge- - baba abakomoka kuri Kaluvini n’abakomoka kuri Luteri — ndetse no kugarura umudendezo wo gukurikiza umutimanama mu bihugu byari byaremeye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. 176

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Igice Cya 14 – Abagorozi B’Abongereza Bakurikiyeho Mu gihe Luteri yabumburaga Bibiliya itari yarigeze ihishurirwa abaturage bo mu Budage, Tyndale yakoreshejwe na Mwuka w’Imana maze nawe abigenza atyo mu Bwongereza. Bibiliya yari yarasobanuwe na Wycliffe akura mu rurimi rw’IkiLatini, ariko yarimo amakosa menshi. Ntabwo yari yarigeze icapwa, kandi inyandiko zayo zandikishijwe intoki zarahendaga cyane ku buryo zagurwaga gusa n’abakire cyangwa abakomeye. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko itorero ryari ryarazamaganye, ntabwo zari zarashoboye kugezwa ahantu henshi. Mu 1516, umwaka umwe mbere y’uko Luteri asohora inyandiko y’amahame yanditse, uwitwa Erasme yari yarasohoye Isezerano Rishya yasobanuye mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki n’Ikilatini. Noneho ku ncuro ya mbere, Ijambo ry’Imana ryacapwe mu rurimi rw’umwimerere. Amakosa menshi yabonekaga mu nyandiko zasobanuwe mbere, noneho yari yakosowe kandi ubusobanuro bwarushagaho kumvikana neza. Iyo Bibiliya yatumye abantu benshi b’intiti bamenya ukuri neza, kandi ibyo biha imbaraga nshya umurimo w’Ubugorozi. Nyamara Ijambo ry’Imana ryari ritaramenyekana muri rubanda rwa giseseka. Tyndale yagombaga kurangiza umurimo watangiwe na Wycliffe ageza Bibiliya ku baturage b’igihugu cye. Yari umwigishwa w’umunyamuhati kandi agashishikarira kumenya ukuri. Yari yarakiriye ubutumwa bwiza abukuye mu gusoma Isezerano Rishya ryasobanuwe na Erasme. Yabwirije ibyo yemera ashize amanga, akavuga ko inyigisho zose zigomba gusuzumishwa Ijambo ry’Imana. Ku byo Papa yavugaga ko itorero ryatanze Bibiliya kandi ko ari ryo ryonyine rikwiriye kuyisobanura, Tyndale yabivuzeho ati :“Mbese muzi uwigishije ibisiga uburyo bwo kubona umuhigo wabyo? Nuko rero iyo Mana niyo yigisha abana bayo bashonje uburyo bwo kubona Umubyeyi wabo mu Ijambo rye. Nuko rero, aho kuba ari mwe mwaduhaye Bibiliya, ahubwo ni mwe mwayiduhishe; ni mwe mutwika abayigisha, kandi iyo mubishobora, muba mwaratwitse Ibyanditswe Byera ubwabyo.” 259 Ikibwirizwa cya Tyndale cyakanguye abantu cyane, maze abantu benshi bemera ukuri. Ariko abapadiri bari bari maso, maze ataramara igihe gito avuye aho yabwiririzaga, abapadiri bashishikarira gusenya umurimo we bakoresheje ibikangisho no kumuvuga nabi. Inshuro nyinshi bageraga ku mugambi wabo. Tyndale yaravugaga ati :“Hakorwa iki?” “Mu gihe ndi kubiba imbuto ahantu hamwe, umwanzi asigara yangiza umurima w’aho namaze kuva. Sinshobora kubera hose icyarimwe. Yemwe! Iyaba Abakristo bari bafite Ijambo ry’Imana mu kanwa kabo, bajyaga gushobora kurwanya ababayobya. Kuko Bibiliya itariho, ntibyashoboka gukomereza abayoboke mu kuri.” 260 Noneho umugambi mushya waje kuzura intekerezo ze. Yaravuze ati: ” Indirimbo za Zaburi zaririmbirwaga mu ngoro ya Yehova mu rurimi rw’Abisirayeli ubwabo, none se ntabwo ubutumwa bwavugirwaga muri twe mu rurimi rw’Abongereza? . . . Mbese itorero ryagombye kugira umucyo muke mu gihe cy’amanywa kuruta mu museke?. . . Abakristo 177

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

bari barasesenguye kandi bamenya neza u<strong>ku</strong>ri k’ubutumwa bwiza kandi batsindaga<br />

biboroheye inyigisho z’ubucurabwenge n’iza politiki zigishwaga mu mashuri ndetse<br />

n’abanyacyubahiro b’i Roma.” 258<br />

Umusaruro w’izo mpaka wabaye uw’uko umwami wa Suwede yemeye ukwizera<br />

kw’Abaporotesitanti, kandi nyuma y’igihe gito, inteko ishinga amategeko <strong>na</strong>yo ivuga ko<br />

ishigikiye uko kwizera. Olaf Petri yari yarasobanuye Isezerano Rishya mu rurimi rwo muri<br />

Suwede maze <strong>ku</strong>bw’icyifuzo cy’umwami, abo bavandimwe bombi batangira gusobanura<br />

Bibiliya yose. Bityo, buba ubwa mbere abaturage bo muri Suwede maze babo<strong>na</strong> ijambo<br />

ry’Ima<strong>na</strong> mu rurimi rwabo rwa kavukire. I<strong>na</strong>ma n<strong>ku</strong>ru y’igihugu yategetse ko mu gihugu<br />

hose, abagabura b’ubutumwa bwiza bakwiriye gusobanura Ibyanditswe Byera kandi ko mu<br />

mashuri aba<strong>na</strong> bose bagomba kwigishwa gusoma Bibiliya.<br />

Umucyo w’agatangaza w’ubutumwa bwiza wirukanye bidasuburwaho umwijima<br />

w’ubujiji n’imigenzo. Igihugu kibonye umudendezo gikize ikandamiza rya Roma, gishobora<br />

<strong>ku</strong>gera <strong>ku</strong> rugero ruhanitse no gukomera kitari cyarigeze kigeraho mbere. Igihugu cya Suwedi<br />

gihinduka kimwe mu bihome by’Ubuporotesitanti. Nyuma y’icyo gihe hashize imyaka ija<strong>na</strong>,<br />

ubwo hariho akaga gakomeye, iki gihugu gito kandi cyari gifite intege nke muri icyo gihe,<br />

nicyo cyagize ubutwari mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi, maze gifasha Ubudage mu ntambara<br />

ikomeye yamaze imyaka mirongo itatu. Uburayi bw’amajyaruguru bwose, bwasaga<br />

n’ubugiye gusubira munsi y’igitugu cy’ubutegetsi bwa Roma. Ingabo za Suwede ni zo<br />

zashoboje Abadage gutsimbura abayoboke ba Papa, bituma abaporotestanti babo<strong>na</strong> agahenge-<br />

- baba abakomoka <strong>ku</strong>ri Kaluvini n’abakomoka <strong>ku</strong>ri Luteri — ndetse no <strong>ku</strong>garura umudendezo<br />

wo gu<strong>ku</strong>rikiza umutima<strong>na</strong>ma mu bihugu byari byaremeye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi.<br />

176

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