Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba kwari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cye, no gukomera ku mahame y’Ubuporotesitanti ayarinda imyemerere y’ubupapa yajyaga igaruka vuba, ndetse agakangurira amatorero yemeraga ubugorozi kugira ngo imibereho itunganye no kwicisha bugufi mu cyimbo cy’ubwibone no gusaya mu bibi byahawe intebe kubera inyigisho z’i Roma. Ibitabo byinshi byaturukaga i Geneve ndetse n’abigisha maze bakajya kwamamaza inyigisho z’ubugorozi. Abatotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bashakiraga amabwiriza, inama no guterwa ubutwari biturutse i Geneve. Umujyi wa Kaluvini wahindutse ubuhungiro bw’Abagorozi bahigwaga mu Burengerazuba bw’Uburayi. Kubera guhunga akaga kakomeje kubaho mu gihe cy’imyaka amagana menshi, abahungaga bazaga i Geneve. Babaga bashonje, barakomeretse, barambuwe amazu yabo, baramazweho abavandimwe babo, ariko bakiranwaga ubwuzu kandi bakitabwaho mu mutima w’impuhwe. Ubwo babonaga aho baba i Geneve, baheshaga umugisha uwo mujyi wabakiriye bakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo, ubwenge bwabo ndetse n’ubutungane bwabo. Abenshi mu babonye ubuhungiro i Geneve, bagiye basubira mu bihugu byabo bakajya kurwanya igitugu cya Roma. Uwitwa Yohani Knox, wari umugorozi w’intwari ukomoka muri Sikotilandi (Scotland), umubare munini w’abaharaniraga ko itorero ryakoroshya imihango rikora ahubwo rigashimangira imico mbonera, Abaporotestanti bo mu Buholandi n’abo muri Esipanye ndetse n’Abahugeno (Huguenots) bo mu Bufaransa bamurikishije itara ry’ukuri bakuye i Geneve kugira ngo ritamurure umwijima wari mu bihugu bavukagamo. 170

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Igice Cya 13 – Ubuholandi na Sikandinaviya Mu mizo ya mbere, ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa papa bwateje kwivumbagatanya gukomeye mu Buholandi. Mu myaka magana arindwi mbere y’igihe cya Luteri, abepisikopi babiri bari baroherejwe i Roma maze bakabasha kumenya imico nyakuri y’”Umurwa Utunganye,” bari barashyize Papa ku karubanda bagira bati: “Itorero, Imana yarigize umwamikazi n’umugeni wayo, yarihaye ubukungu bukomeye kandi buhoraho bugenewe umuryango waryo, yaritanzeho inkwano itangirika, ndetse yarihaye ikamba n’inkoni y’ubutware bihoraho; . . . nyamara ibyo byiza byose wabyitambitse imbere ubyiyerekezaho nk’umujura. Wiyicaje mu ngoro y’Imana, kandi aho kuba umushumba, wahindutse nk’ikirura ku ntama; . . . ushaka ko twizera ko uri umwepisikopi w’ikirenga nyamara witwara nk’umunyagitugu . . . Aho kwemera kuba umugaragu w’abagaragu, nk’uko wiyita, uharanira kuba umwami w’abami. . . . Ibyo bisuzuguza amabwiriza y’Imana. . . . Mwuka Muziranenge ni we wubaka amatorero yose kugeza ku mpera z’isi. . . Umurwa w’Imana yacu, ari nawo dutuyemo, ugera ku mpande zose z’ijuru; ndetse uruta umujyi abahanuzi bazira inenge bise Babuloni yiyitirira Imana, wikuza ukagera ku ijuru, ndetse wirata ko ubwenge bwawo budapfa, kandi amaherezo nubwo nta shingiro ufite, uvuga ko utigeze uyoba ngo ukore amakosa kandi ko ibyo bitanashoboka.” 250 Uko ibinyejana byakurikiranaga, hagiye hahaguruka abandi bagasubiramo aya magambo yo kwamagana imikorere ya Papa. Kandi abo bigisha ba mbere bambukiranyaga ibihugu bitandukanye bakamenywa n’abantu benshi maze bakaza kwinjira mu Buholandi, bari bafite imico nk’iy’abavugabutumwa b’Abavoduwa, ndetse bamamaje ubutumwa bwiza ahantu hose. Inyigisho zabo zakwirakwiye bwangu. Bibiliya yari mu rurimi rw’Abawalidense bayisobanuye mu Kidage. Baravuze bati : “Ifite akamaro kanini, nta magambo y’ubupfapfa arimo, nta migani y’imihimbano, nta bitagira umumaro cyangwa ibinyoma birangwamo uretse amagambo y’ukuri gusa. Bavuze ko ikomeye mu bice byayo byose ko ariko ushobora gusangamo umusokoro n’uburyohe by’ibyiza n’ibitunganye.” 251 Uko ni ko mu kinyejana cya cumi na kabiri incuti z’ukwizera kwa mbere zanditse. Noneho hatangiye itotezwa rikozwe na Roma; ariko mu gihe cyo gutwikwa no kwicwa urw’agashinyaguro, abizera barushagaho kwiyongera kandi bagahamya byimazeyo ko Bibiliya ariyo muyobozi mu by’idini utibeshya, kandi ko ” nta muntu wagombye guhatirwa kwizera, ko ahubwo akwiriye kubyemezwa n’inyigisho.” 252 Inyigisho za Luteri zakiranywe ubwuzu mu Buholandi, maze abantu b’abanyamurava kandi b’indahemuka bahagurukira kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Mu ntara imwe mu zigize Ubuholandi hakomotsemo uwitwa Menno Simons. Uyu yakuze ari umugatolika w’i Roma aza kurobanurirwa kuba umupadiri. Ntabwo yari asobanukiwe na Bibiliya kandi ntiyabashaga kuyisoma bitewe no gutinya ko yamuyobya akagwa mu buhakanyi. Umunsi umwe, yaje kugira gushidikanya ku nyigisho ivuga ibyo guhinduka kwa divayi n’umutsima mu maraso 171

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

kwari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cye, no gukomera <strong>ku</strong> mahame y’Ubuporotesitanti ayarinda<br />

imyemerere y’ubupapa yajyaga igaruka vuba, ndetse agakangurira amatorero yemeraga<br />

ubugorozi <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo imibereho itunganye no kwicisha bugufi mu cyimbo cy’ubwibone no<br />

gusaya mu bibi byahawe intebe <strong>ku</strong>bera inyigisho z’i Roma.<br />

Ibitabo byinshi byaturukaga i Geneve ndetse n’abigisha maze bakajya kwamamaza<br />

inyigisho z’ubugorozi. Abatotezwaga bo mu bihugu byose bashakiraga amabwiriza, i<strong>na</strong>ma no<br />

guterwa ubutwari biturutse i Geneve. Umujyi wa Kaluvini wahindutse ubuhungiro<br />

bw’Abagorozi bahigwaga mu Burengerazuba bw’Uburayi. Kubera guhunga akaga kakomeje<br />

<strong>ku</strong>baho mu gihe cy’imyaka amaga<strong>na</strong> menshi, abahungaga bazaga i Geneve. Babaga bashonje,<br />

barakomeretse, barambuwe amazu yabo, baramazweho abavandimwe babo, ariko<br />

bakiranwaga ubwuzu kandi bakitabwaho mu mutima w’impuhwe. Ubwo babo<strong>na</strong>ga aho baba<br />

i Geneve, baheshaga umugisha uwo mujyi wabakiriye bakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo,<br />

ubwenge bwabo ndetse n’ubutungane bwabo. Abenshi mu babonye ubuhungiro i Geneve,<br />

bagiye basubira mu bihugu byabo bakajya <strong>ku</strong>rwanya igitugu cya Roma. Uwitwa Yohani<br />

Knox, wari umugorozi w’intwari ukomoka muri Sikotilandi (Scotland), umubare munini<br />

w’abaharaniraga ko itorero ryakoroshya imihango rikora ahubwo rigashimangira imico<br />

mbonera, Abaporotestanti bo mu Buholandi n’abo muri Esipanye ndetse n’Abahugeno<br />

(Huguenots) bo mu Bufaransa bamurikishije itara ry’u<strong>ku</strong>ri ba<strong>ku</strong>ye i Geneve <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo<br />

ritamurure umwijima wari mu bihugu bavukagamo.<br />

170

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