Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Geneve kandi akaba ari ho akorera. Kaluvini byamuteye ubwoba asubira inyuma. Yari umuntu uvuga make kandi ukunda amahoro, bityo rero ahindishwa umushyitsi no gutinya gukorana n’umwuka wo kwiyemera, kuba ibyigenge ndetse w’amahane warangaga abaturage b’i Geneve. Intege nke z’ubuzima bwe ndetse n’akamenyero ko gushishoza byamuteye gushaka aho yaruhukira. Kubera ko yiringiraga ko azashobora gufasha umurimo w’ubugorozi akoresheje inyandiko, yifuzaga kubona ahantu hatuje kugira ngo yige maze ajye akoresha inyandiko bityo yigishe kandi akomeze amatorero. Ariko amagambo meza yavuzwe na Farel yayumvise nk’umuhamagaro uturutse ku Mana, maze ntiyatinyuka guhakana. Nk’uko yabivuze byasaga n’aho “ukuboko kw’Imana kurambuwe guturutse mu ijuru, kuramufata, kandi kumukomereza aho hantu yashakaga kuva adatindiganyije.” 249 Muri icyo gihe akaga gakomeye kari kagose umurimo w’abaporotesitanti. Imivumo ya Papa yari yibasiye umujyi wa Geneve kandi ibihugu by’ibihangange byari byiteguye gusenya uwo mujyi. Byajyaga gushoboka bite ko uyu mujyi muto wahangana n’ubushobozi bukomeye akenshi bwari bwarahatiye abami n’abami b’abami kubwumvira? Ni mu buhe buryo uyu mujyi wari kubasha gutsinda ingabo z’ibihangange ku rugamba byo ku isi yose? Aho ubukristo bwarangwaga hose, abaporotesitanti bari bibasiwe n’abanzi bakomeye. Intambwe za mbere zo gutsinda Ubugorozi zari zaratewe maze Roma ihamagaza ingabo nshya yiringiye kurimbura Ubugorozi burundu. Muri icyo gihe hashyizweho umuryango w’Abayezuwiti (jesuits) bari abicanyi ruharwa, ntibagiraga icyo batinya, kandi nibo bari bakomeye mu bambari bose ba Papa. Abayezuwiti bari baratandukanye n’inzira yose ibahuza n’abandi bantu ndetse n’ibigirira umuntu akamaro, nta rukundo kamere rwabarangwagamo, imitekerereze myiza ndetse n’umutimanama byari byaracecekeshejwe burundu, nta tegeko na rimwe bubahaga cyangwa ngo bagirane isano iyo ariyo yose n’abandi usibye abo mu muryango wabo, kandi nta yindi nshingano bari bafite uretse iyo kwagura imbaraga zawo. Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo bwari bwarashoboje ababuyobotse guhangana n’akaga no kwihanganira umubabaro, imbeho, inzara, umunaniro n’ubukene ndetse no kuzamura ibendera ry’ukuri igihe bari imbere y’imbago zo kubakandiramo kugeza bapfuye, imbere ya gereza ndetse n’imbere y’imambo zo gutwikirwaho. Kugira ngo Abayezuwiti barwanye abo bayobotse ubutumwa, bacengeje mu bayoboke babo umwuka wo gukabya (ubwaka) wabashobozaga kwihanganira ibyago byose ndetse no kurwanya imbaraga y’ukuri bifashishije intwaro zose z’ibinyoma. Kuri bo, bwari ubugome bukomeye cyane ku buryo batinyaga kubukora, nta bushukanyi bukaze batinyaga gukora ndetse nta no kwiyoberanya gukomeye gute batakoraga. Babaga bararahiriye kuba abakene no kwicisha bugufi iteka ryose, kandi byari umugambi wabo wateguwe neza ko bazagera ku bukungu no gukomera igihe birunduriye mu gikorwa cyo guhirika ubuporotesitanti no kongera kwimakaza ubutware bwa Papa. Iyo wababonaga nk’abagize uwo muryango wabo, babaga bambaye umwambaro w’ubutungane, bagasura abari muri gereza ndetse no mu bitaro, bakita ku barwayi n’abakene bakavuga ko batandukanye n’iby’isi, kandi bakitwaza izina rizira inenge rya Yesu wajyaga 168

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba hirya no hino akora ibyiza. Ariko iyo shusho y’inyuma y’ubuziranenge, akenshi yabaga ihishwemo imigambi mibisha kandi y’ubwicanyi. Ihame ry’ingenzi bagenderagaho ryari uko iyo umusozo mwiza ugezweho, inzira zanyuzwemo ntacyo zitwaye. Kubw’iri hame bakurikizaga, ntabwo kubeshya, kurahira ibinyoma no kwica byari ibyaha bibabarirwa gusa, ahubwo byari bitegetswe gukorwa mu gihe cyose bifitiye itorero inyungu. Binyuze mu buryo bwinshi bwo kwiyoberanya, Abayezuwiti bakoraga uko bashoboye bagacengera mu myanya y’ubutegetsi kugeza n’ubwo bazamutse bakaba abajyanama b’abami, kandi bagatunganya imiyoborere y’ibihugu. Bigiraga abagaragu kugira ngo babone uko baneka ba shebuja. Bashinze amashuri y’abana b’ibikomangoma n’abakomeye, amashuri y’abana ba rubanda rwa giseseka maze bagatoza abana b’Abaporotesitanti kubahiriza imigenzo y’ubupapa. Bakoreshaga uburyo bwose bwo gutera urujijo mu ntekerezo no gutwara intekerezo, bityo umudendezo ababyeyi bari baraharaniye bakemera no kumenerwa amaraso uba uhinduwe ubusa n’abana babo. Abayezuwiti bakwirakwiye mu Burayi mu buryo bwihuse, kandi aho bajyaga hose ubupapa bwarabyukaga. Ku bwo kubaha ubushobozi burushijeho, hatanzwe itegeko risubizaho urukiko rukomeye rucira imanza abatemera amahame y’itorero gatolika. Nubwo muri rusange urwo rukiko rwangwaga urunuka ndetse no mu bihugu by’abagatorika, rwongeye gushyirwaho n’abatware bakorera papa, kandi amahano y’indengakamere atakorerwa ahagaragara yongera kujya akorerwa muri za kasho zo mu rwihisho. Mu bihugu byinshi, abantu ibihumbagiza, bakuwe mu myanya y’icyubahiro mu bihugu kandi bubashywe na rubanda nk’abantu b’inyangamugayo, abakomeye, intiti n’abize amashuri menshi, abapasitoro b’imbonera kandi bitanze, abantu bakunda igihugu kandi b’abanyamuhati, abanyabwenge, abahanzi b’abahanga n’abanyabukorokori bafite impano zitangaje baricwaga cyangwa bikaba ngombwa ko bahungira mu bindi bihugu. Ubwo nibwo buryo Roma yakoresheje kugira ngo izimye umucyo w’Ubugorozi, ikure Bibiliya mu bantu maze ubujiji n’imigenzo byo mu Gihe cy’Umwijima byongere guhabwa intebe. Ariko kubw’imigisha y’Imana no kwitangira umurimo kw’abantu b’inyangamugayo yari yarahagurukije gusimbura Luteri, ntabwo Ubuporotesitanti bwasenyutse. Ntabwo Ubuporotesitanti bwakuye imbaraga zabwo ku gukundwa no gushyigikirwa n’ibikomangoma. Ibihugu bito cyane, ibihugu byoroheje by’ibinyantegenke nibyo byabaye ibihome bibukingira. Ubwo umujyi wa Geneve muto cyane wari uzengurutswe n’abanzi bakomeye bacuraga umugambi wo kuwurimbura; igihugu cy’Ubuholandi, aho gikora ku nyanja yo mu Majyaruguru, kikaba cyari gihanganye no kotswa igitutu na Esipanye yari ubwami bukomeye kandi bukungahaye kurusha ubundi bwose, nibwo Suwede yari ikennye kandi ifite imbaraga nke yagejeje Ubugorozi ku nsinzi. Kaluvini yakoreye i Geneve mu gihe cy’imyaka igera kuri mirongo itatu, abanza kuhahanga itorero rikurikiza Bibiliya, maze akurikizaho guteza imbere Ubugorozi mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Nk’umuntu wayobara abandi, ntabwo ibyo yakoraga cyangwa inyigisho ze byaburagamo amakosa no kwibeshya. Ariko yari igikoresho mu kumenyekanisha ukuri 169

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

hirya no hino akora ibyiza. Ariko iyo shusho y’inyuma y’ubuziranenge, akenshi yabaga<br />

ihishwemo imigambi mibisha kandi y’ubwicanyi. Ihame ry’ingenzi bagenderagaho ryari uko<br />

iyo umusozo mwiza ugezweho, inzira zanyuzwemo ntacyo zitwaye. Kubw’iri hame<br />

ba<strong>ku</strong>rikizaga, ntabwo <strong>ku</strong>beshya, <strong>ku</strong>rahira ibinyoma no kwica byari ibyaha bibabarirwa gusa,<br />

ahubwo byari bitegetswe gukorwa mu gihe cyose bifitiye itorero inyungu. Binyuze mu buryo<br />

bwinshi bwo kwiyoberanya, Abayezuwiti bakoraga uko bashoboye bagacengera mu myanya<br />

y’ubutegetsi <strong>ku</strong>geza n’ubwo bazamutse bakaba abajya<strong>na</strong>ma b’abami, kandi bagatunganya<br />

imiyoborere y’ibihugu. Bigiraga abagaragu <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo babone uko baneka ba shebuja.<br />

Bashinze amashuri y’aba<strong>na</strong> b’ibikomangoma n’abakomeye, amashuri y’aba<strong>na</strong> ba rubanda<br />

rwa giseseka maze bagatoza aba<strong>na</strong> b’Abaporotesitanti <strong>ku</strong>bahiriza imigenzo y’ubupapa.<br />

Bakoreshaga uburyo bwose bwo gutera urujijo mu ntekerezo no gutwara intekerezo, bityo<br />

umudendezo ababyeyi bari baraharaniye bakemera no <strong>ku</strong>menerwa amaraso uba uhinduwe<br />

ubusa n’aba<strong>na</strong> babo. Abayezuwiti bakwirakwiye mu Burayi mu buryo bwihuse, kandi aho<br />

bajyaga hose ubupapa bwarabyukaga.<br />

Ku bwo <strong>ku</strong>baha ubushobozi burushijeho, hatanzwe itegeko risubizaho urukiko rukomeye<br />

rucira imanza abatemera amahame y’itorero gatolika. Nubwo muri rusange urwo rukiko<br />

rwangwaga urunuka ndetse no mu bihugu by’abagatorika, rwongeye gushyirwaho n’abatware<br />

bakorera papa, kandi amahano y’indengakamere atakorerwa ahagaragara yongera <strong>ku</strong>jya<br />

akorerwa muri za kasho zo mu rwihisho. Mu bihugu byinshi, abantu ibihumbagiza, ba<strong>ku</strong>we<br />

mu myanya y’icyubahiro mu bihugu kandi bubashywe <strong>na</strong> rubanda nk’abantu<br />

b’inyangamugayo, abakomeye, intiti n’abize amashuri menshi, abapasitoro b’imbonera kandi<br />

bitanze, abantu ba<strong>ku</strong>nda igihugu kandi b’abanyamuhati, abanyabwenge, abahanzi b’abahanga<br />

n’abanyabukorokori bafite impano zitangaje baricwaga cyangwa bikaba ngombwa ko<br />

bahungira mu bindi bihugu.<br />

Ubwo nibwo buryo Roma yakoresheje <strong>ku</strong>gira ngo izimye umucyo w’Ubugorozi, i<strong>ku</strong>re<br />

Bibiliya mu bantu maze ubujiji n’imigenzo byo mu Gihe cy’Umwijima byongere guhabwa<br />

intebe. Ariko <strong>ku</strong>bw’imigisha y’Ima<strong>na</strong> no kwitangira umurimo kw’abantu b’inyangamugayo<br />

yari yarahagurukije gusimbura Luteri, ntabwo Ubuporotesitanti bwasenyutse. Ntabwo<br />

Ubuporotesitanti bwa<strong>ku</strong>ye imbaraga zabwo <strong>ku</strong> gu<strong>ku</strong>ndwa no gushyigikirwa<br />

n’ibikomangoma. Ibihugu bito cyane, ibihugu byoroheje by’ibinyantegenke nibyo byabaye<br />

ibihome bibukingira. Ubwo umujyi wa Geneve muto cyane wari uzengurutswe n’abanzi<br />

bakomeye bacuraga umugambi wo <strong>ku</strong>wurimbura; igihugu cy’Ubuholandi, aho gikora <strong>ku</strong><br />

nyanja yo mu Majyaruguru, kikaba cyari gihanganye no kotswa igitutu <strong>na</strong> Esipanye yari<br />

ubwami bukomeye kandi bu<strong>ku</strong>ngahaye <strong>ku</strong>rusha ubundi bwose, nibwo Suwede yari ikennye<br />

kandi ifite imbaraga nke yagejeje Ubugorozi <strong>ku</strong> nsinzi.<br />

Kaluvini yakoreye i Geneve mu gihe cy’imyaka igera <strong>ku</strong>ri mirongo itatu, abanza<br />

<strong>ku</strong>hahanga itorero ri<strong>ku</strong>rikiza Bibiliya, maze a<strong>ku</strong>rikizaho guteza imbere Ubugorozi mu bindi<br />

bihugu by’Uburayi. Nk’umuntu wayobara abandi, ntabwo ibyo yakoraga cyangwa inyigisho<br />

ze byaburagamo amakosa no kwibeshya. Ariko yari igikoresho mu <strong>ku</strong>menyekanisha u<strong>ku</strong>ri<br />

169

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