Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba kwinezeza. Abagorozi bo bagaragaraga ko bahabanye cyane nabo. Rubanda rwabonaga ko abagorozi bitwara neza kurusha abo bayobozi basabirizaga. Amafunguro yoroheje y’abagorozi yatumaga badatinda ku meza. Umuntu wari ucumbikiye Oecolampadius mu nzu yafashe akanya ko kwitegereza ibyo yakoreraga mu cyumba yabagamo, igihe cyose yasangaga ari kwiga cyangwa asenga, maze aza kuvuga atangaye ko uwo muntu bitaga ko yayobye ari “umuntu w’intungane cyane.” Mu gihe cy’inama, “Eck yazamukanaga isheja akajya ku ruhimbi rwabaga rurimbishijwe cyane mu gihe Oecolampadius wari umuntu woroheje, wabaga yambaye imyambaro yoroheje, we yagombaga kwicara ku gatebe kabaje nabi imbere y’abo bari bahanganye.” 167 Ijwi rya Eck ryarangururaga ndetse n’icyizere cyamurangaga ntibyamutengushye. Umwete we wakangurwaga no kwiringira ko azahabwa izahabu kandi akamamara, kubera ko uwaburaniraga ukwizera yagombaga kugororerwa amafaranga menshi. Iyo yaburaga ingingo nziza avuga, yifashishaga ibitutsi ndetse no kurahira. Oecolampadius wari usanzwe ari umuntu woroheje kandi uvuga make ntiyari yarashatse kujya muri urwo rugamba maze arwinjiramo yiyemeje agira ati: “Nta rundi rugero ngenderwaho mu gufata umwanzuro ruruta Ijambo ry’Imana.” 168 Nubwo yari afite kwiyoroshya n’ikinyabupfura yagaragaje ko ari umuntu ushoboye kandi udakurwa mu byimbo. Mu gihe abashyigikiye Roma bumvaga bafite ubutware baheshwa n’imigenzo y’itorero ryabo, umugorozi Oecolampadius we yihambiraga ku Byanditswe Byera. Oecolampadius yaravuze ati: “Mu Busuwisi bwacu imigenzo nta mbaraga ifite keretse gusa ibaye ihuje n’itegeko-nshinga; none ubu mu byerekeye kwizera, Bibiliya ni yo tegekonshinga ryacu.” 169 Guhabana kw’abo bantu babiri bajyaga impaka ntikwabuze kugira ingaruka. Imitekerereze itunganye kandi ituje umugorozi yagaragaje mu buryo bufite imbaraga kandi bworoheje yakoze ku mitima y’abantu ku buryo yazinutswe ibyo Eck yavuganaga ubwibone no kwishongora. Ikiganiro-mpaka cyarakomeje kimara iminsi cumi n’umunani. Ubwo cyari kirangiye abayoboke ba Papa bavuganaga ishema ko batsinze. Abenshi mu ntumwa zari zihagarariye abandi zari ziri ku ruhande rwa Roma, maze inama y’abategetsi bakuru itangaza ko abagorozi batsinzwe kandi ivuga ko bo na Zwingli umuyobozi wabo baciwe mu itorero. Ariko umusaruro wavuye muri iyo nama wagaragaje uruhande rwari rufite ukuri. Izo mpaka zaje kubyara imbaraga ikomeye ku ruhande rw’ubugorozi maze nyuma y’aho gato imijyi y’ingenzi ya Bern na Basel itangaza ko iyobotse ubugorozi. 130

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Igice Cya 10 – Iterambere Ry’Ubugorozi Mu Budage Kubura kwa Luteri mu buryo bw’amayobera kwateje akayubi mu gihugu cy’Ubudage cyose. Hirya no hino abantu bibazaga ibye. Inkuru mbi zakomezaga gukwirakwizwa kandi abantu benshi bizeraga ko yaba yarishwe. Habayeho kuganya gukomeye bitari gusa ku ncuti ze zari zarabishyize ku mugaragaro, ahubwo no mu bantu ibihumbi byinshi batari barifatanyije n’Ubugorozi. Abantu benshi ntibatinyaga kurahirira ko bazamuhorera. Abayobozi b’itorero ry’ i Roma barebanaga ubwoba bwinshi uburyo rubanda rwabarebaga nabi mu buryo bukomeye. Nubwo mbere bari banejejwe no kumva ko Luteri yapfuye, ntibyatinze maze bifuza kwihisha umujinya w’abantu. Ntabwo abanzi ba Luteri bari barabujijwe amahwemo n’ibikorwa yakoreraga hagati yabo yisanzuye nk’uko byabagendekeye ubwo yari atakiboneka. Abari barazabiranyijwe n’uburakari bagashaka guhitana Umugorozi wari ushize amanga noneho bari buzujwe ubwoba n’uko yaburiwe irengero. Umwe muri bo yaravuze ati: “Inzira imwe rukumbi isigaye yo kugira ngo twikize ni uko twacana amasitimu maze tugashakashaka Luteri aho yaba ari hose ku isi kugira ngo tumugarurire abantu bamwifuza.” 170 Itegeko ry’umwami w’abami ryasaga n’iritagifite imbaraga. Intumwa za Papa zakozwe n’isoni ubwo zabonaga ko itegeko ry’umwami w’abami ryari ryitaweho buhoro aho kugira ngo rigene iherezo rya Luteri. Inkuru zivuga ko Luteri ari amahoro nubwo yari imfungwa zatumye ubwoba abantu bari bafite butuza ariko na none bituma abantu barushaho kumugirira urukumbuzi. Inyandiko ze zarushijeho gusomwa kuruta mbere. Abantu benshi barushaho kwiyongera bajya mu ruhande rw’uwo mugabo w’intwari wari warashyigikiye ijambo ry’Imana mu kaga gakomeye gatyo. Ubugorozi bwahoraga burushaho kugira imbaraga. Imbuto Luteri yari yarabibye yameraga ahantu henshi. Kutaboneka kwe byakoze umurimo utarabashije gukorwa igihe yabonekaga ahibereye. Igihe umuyobozi wabo ukomeye yabakurwagamo, abandi bakozi bumvise bafite inshingano nshya. Bafite kwizera gushya n’umuhati barushijeho kujya mbere kugira ngo bakore n’imbaraga zabo zose ngo umurimo watangiye neza udakomwa mu nkokora. Ariko Satani ntiyari yicaye ubusa. Yagerageje gukora ibyo yari yarakoze mu gihe cy’ubugorozi bwose bwagiye bubaho. Yagiye abeshya kandi akarimbura abantu akoresheje umurimo bw’ibyiganano mu mwanya w’umurimo nyakuri. Nk’uko mu kinyejana cya mbere cy’itorero rya Gikristo habayeho ba kristo b’ibinyoma, niko no mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu hahagarutse abahanuzi b’ibinyoma. Abantu bamwe bamaze gukorwa ku mutima no gukanguka kwabayeho mu by’iyobokamana, bibwiye ko bahawe uguhishurirwa kudasanzwe kuvuye mu ijuru, maze bavuga ko Imana yabahaye inshingano yo gukomeza ubugorozi Luteri yari yaratangiranye imbaraga nke nk’uko babivugaga. Mu by’ukuri, basenyaga umurimo Luteri yari yarakoze. 131

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

kwinezeza. Abagorozi bo bagaragaraga ko bahabanye cyane <strong>na</strong>bo. Rubanda rwabo<strong>na</strong>ga ko<br />

abagorozi bitwara neza <strong>ku</strong>rusha abo bayobozi basabirizaga. Amafunguro yoroheje<br />

y’abagorozi yatumaga badatinda <strong>ku</strong> meza. Umuntu wari ucumbikiye Oecolampadius mu nzu<br />

yafashe akanya ko kwitegereza ibyo yakoreraga mu cyumba yabagamo, igihe cyose<br />

yasangaga ari kwiga cyangwa asenga, maze aza <strong>ku</strong>vuga atangaye ko uwo muntu bitaga ko<br />

yayobye ari “umuntu w’intungane cyane.”<br />

Mu gihe cy’i<strong>na</strong>ma, “Eck yazamuka<strong>na</strong>ga isheja akajya <strong>ku</strong> ruhimbi rwabaga rurimbishijwe<br />

cyane mu gihe Oecolampadius wari umuntu woroheje, wabaga yambaye imyambaro<br />

yoroheje, we yagombaga kwicara <strong>ku</strong> gatebe kabaje <strong>na</strong>bi imbere y’abo bari bahanganye.” 167<br />

Ijwi rya Eck ryarangururaga ndetse n’icyizere cyamurangaga ntibyamutengushye.<br />

Umwete we wakangurwaga no kwiringira ko azahabwa izahabu kandi akamamara, <strong>ku</strong>bera ko<br />

uwaburaniraga ukwizera yagombaga <strong>ku</strong>gororerwa amafaranga menshi. Iyo yaburaga ingingo<br />

nziza avuga, yifashishaga ibitutsi ndetse no <strong>ku</strong>rahira.<br />

Oecolampadius wari usanzwe ari umuntu woroheje kandi uvuga make ntiyari yarashatse<br />

<strong>ku</strong>jya muri urwo rugamba maze arwinjiramo yiyemeje agira ati: “Nta rundi rugero<br />

ngenderwaho mu gufata umwanzuro ruruta Ijambo ry’Ima<strong>na</strong>.” 168<br />

Nubwo yari afite kwiyoroshya n’ikinyabupfura yagaragaje ko ari umuntu ushoboye kandi<br />

uda<strong>ku</strong>rwa mu byimbo. Mu gihe abashyigikiye Roma bumvaga bafite ubutware baheshwa<br />

n’imigenzo y’itorero ryabo, umugorozi Oecolampadius we yihambiraga <strong>ku</strong> Byanditswe<br />

Byera. Oecolampadius yaravuze ati: “Mu Busuwisi bwacu imigenzo nta mbaraga ifite keretse<br />

gusa ibaye ihuje n’itegeko-nshinga; none ubu mu byerekeye kwizera, Bibiliya ni yo tegekonshinga<br />

ryacu.” 169<br />

Guhaba<strong>na</strong> kw’abo bantu babiri bajyaga impaka ntikwabuze <strong>ku</strong>gira ingaruka.<br />

Imitekerereze itunganye kandi ituje umugorozi yagaragaje mu buryo bufite imbaraga kandi<br />

bworoheje yakoze <strong>ku</strong> mitima y’abantu <strong>ku</strong> buryo yazinutswe ibyo Eck yavuga<strong>na</strong>ga ubwibone<br />

no kwishongora.<br />

Ikiganiro-mpaka cyarakomeje kimara iminsi cumi n’umu<strong>na</strong>ni. Ubwo cyari kirangiye<br />

abayoboke ba Papa bavuga<strong>na</strong>ga ishema ko batsinze. Abenshi mu ntumwa zari zihagarariye<br />

abandi zari ziri <strong>ku</strong> ruhande rwa Roma, maze i<strong>na</strong>ma y’abategetsi ba<strong>ku</strong>ru itangaza ko abagorozi<br />

batsinzwe kandi ivuga ko bo <strong>na</strong> Zwingli umuyobozi wabo baciwe mu itorero. Ariko<br />

umusaruro wavuye muri iyo <strong>na</strong>ma wagaragaje uruhande rwari rufite u<strong>ku</strong>ri. Izo mpaka zaje<br />

<strong>ku</strong>byara imbaraga ikomeye <strong>ku</strong> ruhande rw’ubugorozi maze nyuma y’aho gato imijyi y’ingenzi<br />

ya Bern <strong>na</strong> Basel itangaza ko iyobotse ubugorozi.<br />

130

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