Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba

Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...

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Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Ubugorozi bwateraga imbere buhoro buhoro mu mujyi wa Zurich. Abanzi babwo barakangutse maze bahagurukira kuburwanya bivuye inyuma. Mu mwaka umwe mbere y’icyo gihe ni ho umupadiri w’i Wittenberg yari yaravugiye i Worms imbere ya Papa n’umwami w’abami ati: ” Oya”, none ibyagaragaraga byose byasaga n’ibyerekana kurwanya amabwiriza ya Papa kugiye kuba i Zurich nk’uko byagenze i Worms. Zwingle yatewe incuro nyinshi. Aho ubupapa bwabaga bwiganje uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi, abantu bayobotse ubutumwa bwiza bajyaba bicwa urupfu rubi, ariko ibyo ntibyari bihagije. Uwigishaga ibyo bitaga ubuyobe yagombaga gucecekeshwa. Muri ubwo buryo umwepisikopi w’i Constance yohereje intumwa eshatu mu nama y’i Zurich zirega Zwingli ko yigisha abantu kwica amategeko y’itorero, bityo bikaba biteza amahoro make n’imvururu mu bantu. Uwo mwepisikopi yongeyeho ko niba ubutegetsi bw’itorero busuzuguwe, ingaruka yaba iy’uko abantu bose baba ibyigenge. Zwingli yasubije yiregura avuga ko yigishije ubutumwa bwiza i Zurich mu gihe cy’imyaka ine bityo “uwo mujyi wa Zurich ukaba ari wo wari utuje kandi urimo amahoro kurusha indi mijyi yose y’izo ntara. Yaravuze ati: “None se ntabwo Ubukristo ari bwo murinzi ukomeye utuma muri rusange habaho umutekano?” 162 Izo ntumwa zasabye abajyanama gukomeza kuba mu itorero zikavuga ko hanze yaryo nta gakiza gahari. Zwingli yavuze kuri ayo magambo y’izo ntumwa ati: “Iki kirego cye kubatangaza! Urufatiro rw’Itorero ni cya Gitare, Kristo, We wahaye Petero izina kuko yamuhamije nk’uko ari. Umuntu uwo ariwe wese wo mu mahanga yose wizera Umwami Yesu n’umutima we wose Imana iramwemera. Mu by’ukuri aha ni ho hari itorero kandi hirya yaryo nta muntu ubasha kuhakirizwa.” 163 Umusaruro wavuye muri iyo nama wabaye uwo uko umwe mu ntumwa, wa mukaridinari yari yohereje yemeye iby’ukwizera kuvuguruye. Abari muri iyo nama banze kugira icyo bakora kirwanya Zwingli, bityo Roma itegura igitero gikaze. Ubwo Zwingli yamenyaga ubugambanyi bw’abanzi be yaravuze ati: “Nimubareke baze; mbatinya nk’uko ibitare byo ku nkombe bitinya imivumba iza ibyisukaho.” 164 Umuhati w’abo banyadini nta kindi wagezeho uretse gutuma umurimo bashakaga gusenya waguka. Ukuri kwakomeje gukwira hose. Mu Budage aho abari barayobotse ukuri bakaba bari baraciwe intege n’urupfu rwa Luteri, ubwo babonaga iterambere ry’ubutumwa bwiza mu Busuwisi, bongeye kugarura ubuyanja. Uko ubugorozi bwarushagaho gushinga imizi mu mujyi wa Zurich, imbuto zabwo zarushijeho kugaragara neza mu kugabanuka kw’ingeso mbi no gushyigikirwa kwa gahunda n’umutekano mu bantu. Zwingli yaranditse ati: “Amahoro atuye mu mujyi wacu, nta ntonganya ziharangwa, nta buryarya, nta shyari nta n’urugomo. Mbese ubumwe nk’ubwo bubasha gukomoka he uretse kuri Kristo no ku nyigisho zacu zitwuzuza imbuto z’amahoro n’ubutungane?” 165 128

Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba Insinzi ubugorozi bwageragaho yateje abayoboke ba Roma kurushaho gukaza umurego kugira ngo babusenye. Babonye uko gutoteza nta cyo byagezeho ubwo bahagarikaga umurimo wa Luteri mu Budage, biyemeza kurwanya ubugorozi bifashishije intwaro bukoresha. Bagombaga kugirana na Zwingli ikiganiro-mpaka, kandi kubera ko ari bo bari babiteguye, bateguye uburyo bwo kugera ku nsinzi bakoresheje kwihitiramo aho urwo rugamba ruzabera ndetse n’abacamanza bagomba gufata imyanzuro yabo na Zwingli. Kandi iyo babasha kubona Zwingli yabageze mu maboko, bagombaga gukorana ubushishozi kugira ngo atabacika. Bityo umuyobozi w’ubugorozi yamara gucecekeshwa, itsinda yari ayoboye ryari gusenywa vuba vuba. Nyamara bakoranye ubushishozi maze uyu mugambi barawuhisha. Hemejwe ko icyo kiganiro-mpaka kibera ahitwa Baden, ariko Zwingli ntiyahahinguka. Abajyanama b’i Zurich baketse imigambi y’abashyigikiye Papa, kandi banaburirwa b’ibishyito by’umuriro byo gutwikiraho abemera ubutumwa bwiza byari bicanwe mu midugudu yiganjemo abayoboke ba papa, byatumye babuza umushumba wabo kwishora muri ako kaga. I Ziruch yari yiteguye kuhasubiriza abo Roma yari kohereza bose, ariko kujya i Baden ahari haramenewe amaraso y’abaziraga guhamya ukwizera kwabo, byari ukwishora mu rupfu. Abitwa Oecolampadius na Haller ni bo batoranyirijwe guhagararira abagorozi naho umugabo w’ikirangirire mu buhanga witwaga Eck aba ari we uhagararira Roma agaragiwe n’itsinda rinini ry’intiti n’abayobozi b’itorero. Nubwo Zwingli atari ari muri iyo nama, imbaraga ye ntiyabuze kwigaragaza. Abari ku ruhande rwa Papa ni bo bahisemo abanditsi b’inama bose kandi abandi bose babuzwa kugira icyo bandika kuko uwari kubikora yari kwicwa. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, buri munsi Zwingli yagezwagaho ibyavugiwe i Baden. Hari umunyeshuri wari muri icyo kiganiro-mpaka wandikaga ingingo zose zavuzwe buri munsi akabikora buri mugoroba. Abandi banyeshuri babiri biyemeje kujya bashyira izo mpapuro Zwingli wari i Ziruch bakazijyanana n’amabaruwa Oecolampidius yamwandikiraga buri munsi. Zwingli yasubizaga ayo mabaruwa agatanga inama n’ibitekerezo. Inzandiko ze yazandikaga nijoro maze mu gitondo ba banyeshuri bakazigarukana i Baden. Kugira ngo batambuke ku barinzi babaga bari ku miryango y’umujyi, izo ntumwa zikoreraga ibitebo birimo inkoko maze bakabereka bakinjira nta nkomyi. Uko ni ko Zwingli yarwanye urugamba yari ahanganyemo n’abanzi be. Uwitwa Myconius yaravuze ati: “Kubw’ubwunganizi bwe, amajoro yararaga adasinziriye n’inama yatangaga akazohereza i Baden, Zwingli yakoze cyane kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo yiyizira muri izo mpaka agahangana n’abanzi be imbonankubone.” 166 Abari bashyigikiye Roma basaga n’abamaze gutsinda, bari baje i Baden bambaye imyambaro y’agaciro kenshi cyane kandi iriho amasaro abengerana. Bakabyaga mu kurya mu buryo bwa gikire, ameza yabo yabaga yuzuyeho ibyokurya bihenda n’inzoga zikomeye cyane. Umutwaro w’inshingano zabo nk’abayobozi b’itorero baworoheshaga guhugira mu 129

<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />

Insinzi ubugorozi bwageragaho yateje abayoboke ba Roma <strong>ku</strong>rushaho gukaza umurego<br />

<strong>ku</strong>gira ngo babusenye. Babonye uko gutoteza nta cyo byagezeho ubwo bahagarikaga<br />

umurimo wa Luteri mu Budage, biyemeza <strong>ku</strong>rwanya ubugorozi bifashishije intwaro<br />

bukoresha. Bagombaga <strong>ku</strong>gira<strong>na</strong> <strong>na</strong> Zwingli ikiganiro-mpaka, kandi <strong>ku</strong>bera ko ari bo bari<br />

babiteguye, bateguye uburyo bwo <strong>ku</strong>gera <strong>ku</strong> nsinzi bakoresheje kwihitiramo aho urwo<br />

rugamba ruzabera ndetse n’abacamanza bagomba gufata imyanzuro yabo <strong>na</strong> Zwingli. Kandi<br />

iyo babasha <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong> Zwingli yabageze mu maboko, bagombaga gukora<strong>na</strong> ubushishozi <strong>ku</strong>gira<br />

ngo atabacika. Bityo umuyobozi w’ubugorozi yamara gucecekeshwa, itsinda yari ayoboye<br />

ryari gusenywa vuba vuba. Nyamara bakoranye ubushishozi maze uyu mugambi<br />

barawuhisha.<br />

Hemejwe ko icyo kiganiro-mpaka kibera ahitwa Baden, ariko Zwingli ntiyahahinguka.<br />

Abajya<strong>na</strong>ma b’i Zurich baketse imigambi y’abashyigikiye Papa, kandi ba<strong>na</strong>burirwa<br />

b’ibishyito by’umuriro byo gutwikiraho abemera ubutumwa bwiza byari bicanwe mu<br />

midugudu yiganjemo abayoboke ba papa, byatumye babuza umushumba wabo kwishora muri<br />

ako kaga. I Ziruch yari yiteguye <strong>ku</strong>hasubiriza abo Roma yari kohereza bose, ariko <strong>ku</strong>jya i<br />

Baden ahari haramenewe amaraso y’abaziraga guhamya ukwizera kwabo, byari ukwishora<br />

mu rupfu. Abitwa Oecolampadius <strong>na</strong> Haller ni bo batoranyirijwe guhagararira abagorozi <strong>na</strong>ho<br />

umugabo w’ikirangirire mu buhanga witwaga Eck aba ari we uhagararira Roma agaragiwe<br />

n’itsinda rinini ry’intiti n’abayobozi b’itorero.<br />

Nubwo Zwingli atari ari muri iyo <strong>na</strong>ma, imbaraga ye ntiyabuze kwigaragaza. Abari <strong>ku</strong><br />

ruhande rwa Papa ni bo bahisemo abanditsi b’i<strong>na</strong>ma bose kandi abandi bose babuzwa <strong>ku</strong>gira<br />

icyo bandika <strong>ku</strong>ko uwari <strong>ku</strong>bikora yari kwicwa. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, buri munsi<br />

Zwingli yagezwagaho ibyavugiwe i Baden. Hari umunyeshuri wari muri icyo kiganiro-mpaka<br />

wandikaga ingingo zose zavuzwe buri munsi akabikora buri mugoroba. Abandi banyeshuri<br />

babiri biyemeje <strong>ku</strong>jya bashyira izo mpapuro Zwingli wari i Ziruch bakazijya<strong>na</strong><strong>na</strong><br />

n’amabaruwa Oecolampidius yamwandikiraga buri munsi. Zwingli yasubizaga ayo<br />

mabaruwa agatanga i<strong>na</strong>ma n’ibitekerezo. Inzandiko ze yazandikaga nijoro maze mu gitondo<br />

ba banyeshuri bakazigaruka<strong>na</strong> i Baden. Kugira ngo batambuke <strong>ku</strong> barinzi babaga bari <strong>ku</strong><br />

miryango y’umujyi, izo ntumwa zikoreraga ibitebo birimo inkoko maze bakabereka bakinjira<br />

nta nkomyi.<br />

Uko ni ko Zwingli yarwanye urugamba yari ahanganyemo n’abanzi be. Uwitwa Myconius<br />

yaravuze ati: “Kubw’ubwunganizi bwe, amajoro yararaga adasinziriye n’i<strong>na</strong>ma yatangaga<br />

akazohereza i Baden, Zwingli yakoze cyane <strong>ku</strong>ruta uko byari <strong>ku</strong>genda iyo yiyizira muri izo<br />

mpaka agahanga<strong>na</strong> n’abanzi be imbo<strong>na</strong>n<strong>ku</strong>bone.” 166<br />

Abari bashyigikiye Roma basaga n’abamaze gutsinda, bari baje i Baden bambaye<br />

imyambaro y’agaciro kenshi cyane kandi iriho amasaro abengera<strong>na</strong>. Bakabyaga mu <strong>ku</strong>rya mu<br />

buryo bwa gikire, ameza yabo yabaga yuzuyeho ibyo<strong>ku</strong>rya bihenda n’inzoga zikomeye cyane.<br />

Umutwaro w’inshingano zabo nk’abayobozi b’itorero baworoheshaga guhugira mu<br />

129

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