Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba kwiyambaza Mariya cyangwa abatagatifu bishobora kubahesha ubuntu bw’Imana? . . . Mbese amagambo menshi dukoresha dusenga amaze iki? Mbese ibitambaro bishashagirana bipfutse umutwe, umutwe utagira umusatsi, amakanzu maremare kandi atatswe indabo, cyangwa inkweto zitatswe izahabu ku misozo bimaze iki? . . . Imana ireba ku mutima kandi imitima yacu iri kure yayo.” Yaravuze ati: “Kristo wabambwe ku musaraba ni we gitambo cy’ibyaha by’abizera kugeza iteka ryose.” 154 Abantu benshi bumvise ayo magambo ntibayakiriye neza. Byari urucantege rukomeye kuri bo kubwirwa ko urugendo runanije bakoze barukoreye ubusa. Ntabwo bashoboraga gusobanukirwa n’imbabazi bahererwa ubuntu muri Kristo. Bari banyuzwe n’inzira ya kera igana mu ijuru, iyo Roma yari yaraberetse. Banze guhangayikishwa no gushaka ikindi cyarushaho kubabera cyiza. Byari biboroheye cyane kwiringira abapadiri na Papa mu by’agakiza kabo aho gushaka gutungana k’umutima. Nyamara hari irindi tsinda ryakiranye ibyishimo inkuru yo gucungurwa kubonerwa muri Kristo. Ibyo Roma yabasabaga kubahiriza ntibyari byarabazaniye amahoro yo mu mutima, maze mu kwizera, bemera ko amaraso y’Umukiza ari yo abezaho ibyaha byabo. Abangaba basubiye iwabo bajya guhishurira abandi umucyo utangaje bari barakiriye. Uko ni ko ukuri kwavaga mu mudugudu kukagera mu wundi, kukava mu mujyi kukajya mu wundi bityo umubare w’abantu bazaga gusura ingoro ya Mariya uragabanyuka cyane. Hanabayeho kugabanyuka kw’amaturo maze ingaruka iba kugabanyuka k’umushahara wa Zwingli wavaga muri ayo maturo. Nyamara ibi byamuteye ibyishimo ubwo yabonaga ko imbaraga zo gukabya mu myizerere no gutwarwa n’imigenzo zigenda zicika. Abayobozi b’Itorero ntibaburaga kubona umurimo Zwingli yakoraga; ariko icyo gihe barihanganye ntibawurogoya. Biringiraga ko bazamwigarurira akajya mu ruhande rwabo, bashatse kumwigarurira bakoresheje kumusheshya ariko muri icyo gihe ukuri kwarimo gucengera mu mitima y’abantu. Imirimo Zwingli yakoreye i Einsiedeln yamuteguriye gukora umurimo wagutse kurutaho kandi ni wo yaje kwinjiramo bidatinze. Amaze imyaka itatu i Einsiedeln yaje guhamagarwa kujya gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza muri kiriziya nini cyane y’i Zurich. Zurich niwo wari umujyi ukomeye cyane mu Busuwisi kandi ibyajyaga kuva aho byagombaga gukwira hose. Nyamara kandi, abanyamadini bari bamutumiye i Zurich, bashakaga ko nta nyigisho nshya zihigishwa bityo bibatera guha Zwingli amabwiriza ajyana n’inshingano yari imuzanye. Baramubwiye bati: “Uzakore ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umugabane w’icyigisho wigishijwe ugire umusaruro winjiza kandi ntukagire icyo usubiza inyuma. Uzashishikariza abizera bose, waba uri kubwiririza kuri aritari cyangwa uri kwakira abicuza ibyaha, ko bagomba gutanga icyacumi cyose n’ibindi basabwa, kandi bakerekanisha amaturo yabo batanga ko bakunda itorero. Uzita cyane ku kongera inyungu zituruka ku barwayi, muri za misa n’indi mihango yose ikorwa.” Abamuhaga amabwiriza bongeyeho bati: “Ku byerekeranye no gutanga amasakaramentu, kubwiriza ndetse no kwita ku mukumbi, ibyo 124
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba nabyo ni inshingano y’umupadiri. Icyakora, kuri izo nshingano ushobora gukoresha ugusimbura ariko by’umwihariko mu kubwiriza. Ntabwo ugomba guha amasakaramentu umuntu uwo ari we wese uretse abantu bakomeye, kandi ukabikora gusa igihe baguhamagaye; ntabwo wemerewe gukora ibyo utabanje kurobanura abantu.”- 155 Zwingli yategeye amatwi ayo mabwiriza acecetse, maze amaze kuvuga ijambo ryo gushima kubwo kuba yarubashywe agahamagarirwa kuza aho hantu hakomeye, yakurikijeho kubasobanurira uburyo ateganya gukoresha. Yaravuze ati: “Abantu bamaze igihe kirekire cyane bahishwa iby’imiberaho ya Yesu. Nzabwiriza cyane ubutumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Matayo, . . .mbukura gusa mu Byanditswe Byera, mbisesengura, ngereranya umurongo umwe n’uwundi, nshakisha uko nasobanukirwa mbiheshejwe no gusenga ubudasiba kandi mbikuye ku mutima. Umurimo wanjye uzibanda ku cyubahiro cy’Imana, ku gusingiza Umwana wayo w’ikinege, ku gakiza nyakuri k’abantu ndetse no kubakomereza mu kwizera nyakuri.” 156 Nubwo bamwe muri abo bayobozi b’itorero batemeye gahunda ye kandi bagakora uko bashoboye ngo bayimuteshureho, Zwingli ntiyatezutse. Yababwiye ko atagiye gutangiza uburyo bushya, ko ahubwo agaruye uburyo bwa kera bwakoreshwaga n’itorero mu bihe bya mbere byari bitunganye. Abantu bari baratangiye gukangukira kwakira ukuri yigishaga, kandi abantu bazaga ari benshi baje kumva uko abwiriza. Mu bazaga kumutega amatwi habagamo abantu benshi bari bamaze igihe kirekire bararetse kujya gusenga. Umurimo we yawutangiye abumbura Ubutumwa bwiza kandi agasoma anasobanurira abamuteze amatwi amateka yandikishijwe avuga iby’imibereho, ibyigisho n’urupfu rwa Kristo. Nk’uko yabigenje ari i Einsiedeln, aho i Zurich yahagaragarije ko Ijambo ry’Imana ari ryo muyobozi utibeshya kandi ko urupfu rwa Kristo ari rwo gitambo cyonyine gihagije. Yaravuze ati: “Kuri Kristo gusa niho nifuza kubayobora. Kuri Kristo we soko nyakuri y’agakiza.” 157 Abantu bo mu nzego zose bazaga kumva uwo mubwiriza, uhereye ku bategetsi, abanyabwenge, ukageza ku banyamyuga na rubanda rwose. Bamutegeraga amatwi bashishikaye. Ntabwo yavugaga iby’agakiza gatangirwa ubuntu gusa ahubwo yanamaganaga nta mbebya ibibi no gusayisha byariho muri icyo gihe. Abantu benshi basohokaga muri kiriziya basingiza Imana. Baravugaga bati: “Uyu mugabo abwiriza ukuri. Azatubera Mose maze atuvane muri uyu mwijima wa Egiputa.” 158 Nyamara nubwo ku ikubitiro umurimo we wakiranywe ubwuzu bwinshi, nyuma y’igihe runaka haje kuboneka abatamushyigikiye. Abapadiri bagiye umugambi wo kubangamira umurimo we no kwamagana inyigisho ze. Bamwe bamuhaga urw’amenyo abandi bakamukwena; abandi baramutukaga kandi bakamukangisha. Ariko Zwingli yarabyihanganiye byose akavuga ati: “Niba twifuza kuzanira Yesu Kristo abanyabyaha, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba kwima amaso.”- Ibid., b.8, ch.6. 125
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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />
<strong>na</strong>byo ni inshingano y’umupadiri. Icyakora, <strong>ku</strong>ri izo nshingano ushobora gukoresha<br />
ugusimbura ariko by’umwihariko mu <strong>ku</strong>bwiriza. Ntabwo ugomba guha amasakaramentu<br />
umuntu uwo ari we wese uretse abantu bakomeye, kandi ukabikora gusa igihe baguhamagaye;<br />
ntabwo wemerewe gukora ibyo utabanje <strong>ku</strong>robanura abantu.”- 155<br />
Zwingli yategeye amatwi ayo mabwiriza acecetse, maze amaze <strong>ku</strong>vuga ijambo ryo<br />
gushima <strong>ku</strong>bwo <strong>ku</strong>ba yarubashywe agahamagarirwa <strong>ku</strong>za aho hantu hakomeye, ya<strong>ku</strong>rikijeho<br />
<strong>ku</strong>basobanurira uburyo ateganya gukoresha. Yaravuze ati: “Abantu bamaze igihe kirekire<br />
cyane bahishwa iby’imiberaho ya Yesu. Nzabwiriza cyane ubutumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe<br />
<strong>na</strong> Matayo, . . .mbu<strong>ku</strong>ra gusa mu Byanditswe Byera, mbisesengura, ngereranya umurongo<br />
umwe n’uwundi, nshakisha uko <strong>na</strong>sobanukirwa mbiheshejwe no gusenga ubudasiba kandi<br />
mbi<strong>ku</strong>ye <strong>ku</strong> mutima. Umurimo wanjye uzibanda <strong>ku</strong> cyubahiro cy’Ima<strong>na</strong>, <strong>ku</strong> gusingiza<br />
Umwa<strong>na</strong> wayo w’ikinege, <strong>ku</strong> gakiza nya<strong>ku</strong>ri k’abantu ndetse no <strong>ku</strong>bakomereza mu kwizera<br />
nya<strong>ku</strong>ri.” 156<br />
Nubwo bamwe muri abo bayobozi b’itorero batemeye gahunda ye kandi bagakora uko<br />
bashoboye ngo bayimuteshureho, Zwingli ntiyatezutse. Yababwiye ko atagiye gutangiza<br />
uburyo bushya, ko ahubwo agaruye uburyo bwa kera bwakoreshwaga n’itorero mu bihe bya<br />
mbere byari bitunganye.<br />
Abantu bari baratangiye gukangukira kwakira u<strong>ku</strong>ri yigishaga, kandi abantu bazaga ari<br />
benshi baje <strong>ku</strong>mva uko abwiriza. Mu bazaga <strong>ku</strong>mutega amatwi habagamo abantu benshi bari<br />
bamaze igihe kirekire bararetse <strong>ku</strong>jya gusenga. Umurimo we yawutangiye abumbura<br />
Ubutumwa bwiza kandi agasoma a<strong>na</strong>sobanurira abamuteze amatwi amateka yandikishijwe<br />
avuga iby’imibereho, ibyigisho n’urupfu rwa Kristo. Nk’uko yabigenje ari i Einsiedeln, aho i<br />
Zurich yahagaragarije ko Ijambo ry’Ima<strong>na</strong> ari ryo muyobozi utibeshya kandi ko urupfu rwa<br />
Kristo ari rwo gitambo cyonyine gihagije. Yaravuze ati: “Kuri Kristo gusa niho nifuza<br />
<strong>ku</strong>bayobora. Kuri Kristo we soko nya<strong>ku</strong>ri y’agakiza.” 157<br />
Abantu bo mu nzego zose bazaga <strong>ku</strong>mva uwo mubwiriza, uhereye <strong>ku</strong> bategetsi,<br />
abanyabwenge, ukageza <strong>ku</strong> banyamyuga <strong>na</strong> rubanda rwose. Bamutegeraga amatwi<br />
bashishikaye. Ntabwo yavugaga iby’agakiza gatangirwa ubuntu gusa ahubwo ya<strong>na</strong>maga<strong>na</strong>ga<br />
nta mbebya ibibi no gusayisha byariho muri icyo gihe. Abantu benshi basohokaga muri<br />
kiriziya basingiza Ima<strong>na</strong>. Baravugaga bati: “Uyu mugabo abwiriza u<strong>ku</strong>ri. Azatubera Mose<br />
maze atuvane muri uyu mwijima wa Egiputa.” 158<br />
Nyamara nubwo <strong>ku</strong> i<strong>ku</strong>bitiro umurimo we wakiranywe ubwuzu bwinshi, nyuma y’igihe<br />
ru<strong>na</strong>ka haje <strong>ku</strong>boneka abatamushyigikiye. Abapadiri bagiye umugambi wo <strong>ku</strong>bangamira<br />
umurimo we no kwamaga<strong>na</strong> inyigisho ze. Bamwe bamuhaga urw’amenyo abandi<br />
bakamukwe<strong>na</strong>; abandi baramutukaga kandi bakamukangisha. Ariko Zwingli<br />
yarabyihanganiye byose akavuga ati: “Niba twifuza <strong>ku</strong>zanira Yesu Kristo abanyabyaha, hari<br />
ibintu byinshi tugomba kwima amaso.”- Ibid., b.8, ch.6.<br />
125
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