Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba
Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya... Ubuhanga bw'intambara bufite akamaro kanini kuri Leta (buri ku butegetsi). Ni ikibazo cyubuzima nurupfu, umuhanda haba mumutekano cyangwa kurimbuka. Kubwibyo, ni ingingo yiperereza idashobora kwirengagizwa. Ubuhanga bw'intambara rero, bugengwa nibintu bitanu bihoraho, bigomba kwitabwaho ... Ibi ni: (1) Amategeko agenga imyitwarire; (2) Ijuru; (3) Isi; (4) Komanda; (5) Uburyo na disipulini. Amategeko agenga imyifatire atuma abantu bumvikana neza numutegetsi wabo, kugirango bazamukurikire batitaye ku mibereho yabo, badatezuka ku kaga ako ari ko kose… Komanda ashimangira ibyiza byubwenge, umurava, ubugwaneza, ubutwari no gukomera. Ibi bitanu (element) bigomba kumenyera buri general. Uzabazi azatsinda; uwabazi ntazatsindwa. Noneho jenerali watsinze urugamba akora imibare myinshi murusengero rwe mbere yuko urugamba ruba. Jenerali watsinzwe kurugamba akora ariko kubara bike mbere. Rero kubara byinshi biganisha ku ntsinzi war Intambara zose zishingiye kuburiganya...
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba amagambo y’amanjwe ndetse n’ibyo yakuye ahandi bidafite ireme. Noneho Luteri yarahagurutse avugana n’uwo muyobozi mukuru w’idini w’umwibone, avuga ku migenzo n’inyigisho by’itorero kandi asenya rwose ibyo uwo muyobozi yishingikirizagaho. Uwo muyobozi mukuru abonye ko imitekerereze ya Luteri itabasha kugishwa impaka, ni uko abuze uko yifata avugana uburakari bwinshi cyane ati: “Isubireho! Niba utabikoze ndakohereza i Roma ujye kwitaba abacamanza bashyiriweho kurangiza urubanza rwawe. Ndaguca wowe ubwawe n’abakuyobotse bose, ndetse n’abantu bose bazagushyigikira igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bazacibwa mu itorero.” Yarangije avugana ubwibone n’uburakari ati; “Isubireho cyangwa we kuzongera kugaruka imbere yanjye.” 97 Luteri n’incuti ze bahise bava aho, muri ubwo buryo agaragaza yeruye ko atitezweho kwisubiraho. Ibi ntabwo ari byo uwo mukaridinali yari yaragambiriye. Yari yishutse ko kubwo gukoresha igitugu ari bubashe gukangisha Luteri maze akisubiraho. Noneho yari asigaranye n’abari bamushyigikiye gusa maze akajya abarebana agahinda kenshi atewe no kutagera ku migambi ye bimutunguye. Umuhati Luteri yakoresheje icyo gihe ntiwabuze kugira ingaruka zishimishije. Inteko y’abantu bari bateraniye aho bashoboye kugereranya abo bagabo bombi no kwifatira umwanzuro ku mwuka buri wese yagaragaje ndetse n’imbaraga n’ukuri k’uruhande rwa buri wese. Mbega uburyo itandukaniro ryari rinini! Luteri yari umuntu woroheje, wicishije bugufi, ushikamye, wahagaze afite imbaraga y’Imana n’ukuri mu ruhande rwe. Intumwa ya Papa yo yari yuzuye kwiyumvamo icyubahiro, kwishyira hejuru, ifite ubwibone, udashyira mu gaciro, kandi nta n’ingingo n’imwe yavugaga ayikuye mu Byanditswe Byera, nyamara akavugana ubukana asakuza ati: “Isubireho, cyangwa woherezwe i Roma ujye guhanwa!” Nubwo Luteri yari yashoboye kubona urwandiko rw’inzira ahawe n’umwami w’abami, abakomeye ku itorero ry’i Roma bacuraga umugambi mubisha wo kumufata ngo bamufunge. Incuti ze zibonye ko bitakiri ngombwa kongera igihe cyo kuguma aho zamusabye ko akwiriye gusubira i Wittenberg bidatinze kandi ko hakwiye kuba ubushishozi ngo iyo migambi ye itamenyekana. Kubw’ibyo yavuye i Augsburg mu rukerera izuba ritararasa, agenda ku ifarashi aherekezwa gusa n’uwo kumuyobora umucamanza yari yamuhaye. Yari afite ubwoba bw’ibyamubaho, agenda mu ibanga aca mu tuyira twijimye kandi dutuje two muri uwo mujyi. Abanzi be b’abagome babaga bari maso bacura imigambi yo kumwica. Mbese yabashaga gusimbuka imitego bamuteze? Byari ibihe by’akababaro gakomeye no gusenga cyane. Yageze ku rugi ruto rw’icyanzu cy’uruzitiro rw’umujyi, we n’uwari umuyoboye bakinguriwe urwo rugi maze bacamo barasohoka nta mbogamizi. Bamaze kugera hanze aho bari bafite umudendezo, barirutse cyane ku buryo ya ntumwa ya papa yamenye ko Luteri yagiye yamaze kugera aho abamuhigaga batabasha kugera. Satani n’abakozi be baratsinzwe. Umuntu bibwiraga ko ari mu maboko yabo yari yamaze kugenda, yacitse nk’inyoni icitse umutego. Intumwa ya Papa imaze kumenya ko Luteri yabacitse yarumiwe kandi azabiranywa n’uburakari. Yari yiteze ko azahabwa icyubahiro gikomeye kubw’ubucakura no kwiyemeza 96
Itorero na Leta ku Rugamba yakoresheje akemura ikibazo cy’uwo wajujubije itorero; ariko ibyiringiro bye byabaye iby’ubusa. Uburakari bwe yabugaragarije mu ibaruwa yandikiye Ferederiko wari igikomangoma cy’i Saxony arwanya Luteri cyane kandi asaba ko Ferederiko yamwohereza i Roma cyangwa akamuca i Saxony. Mu kwisobanura, Luteri yasabye ko intumwa ya Papa cyangwa Papa ubwe berekena mu Byanditswe ikosa yaba afite; kandi arahira akomeje ko yiteguye kureka inyigisho ze mu gihe zigaragajwe ko zivuguruza Ijambo ry’Imana. Yanashimiye Imana kuba yarabonye ko bimukwiriye kurenganywa kubw’umurimo muziranenge. Ferederiko wari igikomangoma cy’i Saxony ntabwo yari asobanukiwe neza n’inyigisho zivuguruye, ariko yari yaranyuzwe cyane n’ubutungane, imbaraga no kumvikana kw’amagambo ya Luteri, kandi yiyemeza kumurinda kugeza ubwo kugeza ubwo bazagaragaza ko Luteri ari mu makosa. Ubwo yasubizaga kubyo iyo ntumwa ya Papa yasabaga, Ferederiko yaranditse ati: “‘Kuva Dogiteri Martin Luteri yarakwitabye i Augsburg, wagombye kunyurwa. Ntabwo twari twiteze ko ushishikazwa no gutuma yisubiraho utabanje kumwemeza amakosa ye. Nta muntu n’umwe wo mu ntiti zo mu ntara yacu wigeze amenyesha ko inyigisho za Martin zisuzuguza Imana, ko zirwanya ubukristo cyangwa ko ari iz’ubuhakanyi.’ Ikindi kandi icyo gikomangoma cyanze kohereza Luteri i Roma cyangwa kumwirukana mu ntara gitegeka.” 98 Igikomangoma Ferederiko yabonye ko muri rusange, mu bantu hariho ukwicwa kw’amabwiriza y’imico-mbonera. Umurimo ukomeye w’ivugurura wari ukenewe. Uburyo bukomeye kandi buhenze bwakoreshwa bwose kugira ngo bahagarike kandi bahane ubwigomeke ntacyo byajyaga kugeraho keretse gusa abantu bazirikanye kandi bakumvira ibyo Imana ibasaba ndetse n’amabwiriza y’uwamurikiwe nayo. Ferederiko yabonaga ko Luteri akora kugira ngo abageze kuri iyo ntego bityo yishima rwihishwa ashimishijwe n’uko hari impinduka nziza yigaragaza mu itorero. Yabonye kandi ko Luteri wari umwigisha muri Kaminuza hari ibikomeye yagezeho. Hari hashize umwaka umwe gusa Luteri amanitse amahame shingiro ye kuri kiriziya ngari, ariko hari harabayeho kugabanyuka gukomeye kw’umubare w’abagenzi bazaga gusura iyo kiriziya ku munsi w’abatagatifu bose. Roma yari yarabuze abaza kuramya ndetse n’amaturo, nyamara umwanya wabo wagiwemo n’irindi tsinda ryabazaga i Wittenburg, bataje nk’abagenzi baje kuramya abatagatifu, ahubwo babaga ari abanyeshuri baje kuzura amashuri yaho. Hirya no hino inyandiko za Luteri zari zarakanguriye abantu gusoma Ibyanditswe Byera, kandi abanyeshuri bazaga kuri Kaminuza badaturutse mu ntara zose z’Ubudage gusa ahubwo bavuye no mu bindi bihugu. Abasore bazaga bakabona umujyi wa Wittemberg ubwa mbere, “bazamuraga amaboko yabo bakayerekeza mu ijuru maze bagashimira Imana kuba yaratumye umucyo w’ukuri umurika uturutse muri uwo mujyi nk’uko mu bihe bya kera waturukaga i Siyoni ugakwira no mu bihugu bya kure cyane.” 99 97
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<strong>Itorero</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>Leta</strong> <strong>ku</strong> <strong>Rugamba</strong><br />
amagambo y’amanjwe ndetse n’ibyo ya<strong>ku</strong>ye ahandi bidafite ireme. Noneho Luteri<br />
yarahagurutse avuga<strong>na</strong> n’uwo muyobozi mu<strong>ku</strong>ru w’idini w’umwibone, avuga <strong>ku</strong> migenzo<br />
n’inyigisho by’itorero kandi asenya rwose ibyo uwo muyobozi yishingikirizagaho.<br />
Uwo muyobozi mu<strong>ku</strong>ru abonye ko imitekerereze ya Luteri itabasha <strong>ku</strong>gishwa impaka, ni<br />
uko abuze uko yifata avuga<strong>na</strong> uburakari bwinshi cyane ati: “Isubireho! Niba utabikoze<br />
ndakohereza i Roma ujye kwitaba abacamanza bashyiriweho <strong>ku</strong>rangiza urubanza rwawe.<br />
Ndaguca wowe ubwawe n’aba<strong>ku</strong>yobotse bose, ndetse n’abantu bose bazagushyigikira igihe<br />
icyo ari cyo cyose bazacibwa mu itorero.” Yarangije avuga<strong>na</strong> ubwibone n’uburakari ati;<br />
“Isubireho cyangwa we <strong>ku</strong>zongera <strong>ku</strong>garuka imbere yanjye.” 97<br />
Luteri n’incuti ze bahise bava aho, muri ubwo buryo agaragaza yeruye ko atitezweho<br />
kwisubiraho. Ibi ntabwo ari byo uwo mukaridi<strong>na</strong>li yari yaragambiriye. Yari yishutse ko<br />
<strong>ku</strong>bwo gukoresha igitugu ari bubashe gukangisha Luteri maze akisubiraho. Noneho yari<br />
asigaranye n’abari bamushyigikiye gusa maze akajya abareba<strong>na</strong> agahinda kenshi atewe no<br />
<strong>ku</strong>tagera <strong>ku</strong> migambi ye bimutunguye.<br />
Umuhati Luteri yakoresheje icyo gihe ntiwabuze <strong>ku</strong>gira ingaruka zishimishije. Inteko<br />
y’abantu bari bateraniye aho bashoboye <strong>ku</strong>gereranya abo bagabo bombi no kwifatira<br />
umwanzuro <strong>ku</strong> mwuka buri wese yagaragaje ndetse n’imbaraga n’u<strong>ku</strong>ri k’uruhande rwa buri<br />
wese. Mbega uburyo itandukaniro ryari rinini! Luteri yari umuntu woroheje, wicishije bugufi,<br />
ushikamye, wahagaze afite imbaraga y’Ima<strong>na</strong> n’u<strong>ku</strong>ri mu ruhande rwe. Intumwa ya Papa yo<br />
yari yuzuye kwiyumvamo icyubahiro, kwishyira hejuru, ifite ubwibone, udashyira mu gaciro,<br />
kandi nta n’ingingo n’imwe yavugaga ayi<strong>ku</strong>ye mu Byanditswe Byera, nyamara akavuga<strong>na</strong><br />
ubuka<strong>na</strong> asa<strong>ku</strong>za ati: “Isubireho, cyangwa woherezwe i Roma ujye guhanwa!”<br />
Nubwo Luteri yari yashoboye <strong>ku</strong>bo<strong>na</strong> urwandiko rw’inzira ahawe n’umwami w’abami,<br />
abakomeye <strong>ku</strong> itorero ry’i Roma bacuraga umugambi mubisha wo <strong>ku</strong>mufata ngo bamufunge.<br />
Incuti ze zibonye ko bitakiri ngombwa kongera igihe cyo <strong>ku</strong>guma aho zamusabye ko akwiriye<br />
gusubira i Wittenberg bidatinze kandi ko hakwiye <strong>ku</strong>ba ubushishozi ngo iyo migambi ye<br />
itamenyeka<strong>na</strong>. Kubw’ibyo yavuye i Augsburg mu rukerera izuba ritararasa, agenda <strong>ku</strong> ifarashi<br />
aherekezwa gusa n’uwo <strong>ku</strong>muyobora umucamanza yari yamuhaye. Yari afite ubwoba<br />
bw’ibyamubaho, agenda mu ibanga aca mu tuyira twijimye kandi dutuje two muri uwo mujyi.<br />
Abanzi be b’abagome babaga bari maso bacura imigambi yo <strong>ku</strong>mwica. Mbese yabashaga<br />
gusimbuka imitego bamuteze? Byari ibihe by’akababaro gakomeye no gusenga cyane.<br />
Yageze <strong>ku</strong> rugi ruto rw’icyanzu cy’uruzitiro rw’umujyi, we n’uwari umuyoboye bakinguriwe<br />
urwo rugi maze bacamo barasohoka nta mbogamizi. Bamaze <strong>ku</strong>gera hanze aho bari bafite<br />
umudendezo, barirutse cyane <strong>ku</strong> buryo ya ntumwa ya papa yamenye ko Luteri yagiye yamaze<br />
<strong>ku</strong>gera aho abamuhigaga batabasha <strong>ku</strong>gera. Satani n’abakozi be baratsinzwe. Umuntu<br />
bibwiraga ko ari mu maboko yabo yari yamaze <strong>ku</strong>genda, yacitse nk’inyoni icitse umutego.<br />
Intumwa ya Papa imaze <strong>ku</strong>menya ko Luteri yabacitse yarumiwe kandi azabiranywa<br />
n’uburakari. Yari yiteze ko azahabwa icyubahiro gikomeye <strong>ku</strong>bw’ubuca<strong>ku</strong>ra no kwiyemeza<br />
96