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Foucault and Neoliberalism

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vii
5

“‘
’?”“
70”
21
..2560
BayArea
(neoliberalism)
(CollègedeFrance)..1978–1979
vii

..1979
The Birth
of Biopolitics
2021
1960
?
1
()
(MichelFoucault,..1926–1984)
‘’ 2
1
7
2
‘’
,
10, 4(–2531):
viii

‘Discourse’ 3 ‘’ 4 ‘Genealogy’ 5
,,
6 ,, 7 ,
106.‘’‘discourse’
3
‘Discourse’
..1960“Folieetdéraison:Histoiredelafolieàl’âgeclassique”(MadnessandInsanity:
HistoryofMadnessintheClassicalAge)
..1961..1964
Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of
Reason..2006
4
‘’‘Genealogy’
10,
4(-2531):47.
5
‘Genealogy’Genealogy of Morals Frie-
drichNietzsche“Nietzsche,lagénéalogie,l’his-
toire”(‘Nietzsche,genealogy,historiography’)
..1971Genealogy
Hommage à Jean Hyppolite(1971)
JeanHyppoliteHyppoliteÉcoleNormaleSupérieure
6
,:
(:
,2552).
7
,“:,”
5,1–2(..2528-..2529):131–141.
ix

8 ,,,
, 9 ,10 ,
:
11 ..2542
:
8
,“,”14,3
(2528):36–57;,“:
,”5,1–2(
2528-2529):142–154;,“
,”12,13(
2529–2530):166–178;,“,”
6,3–4(2531):16–37.
9
,(Genealogy)
(:,2534).,
“,”,
,.,(:
,2558),126–178. “
:,”,
:
(:,2562),157–190.
10
,= Michel Foucault(:,
2551).
11
,:
,3(:,2543).
x

..2543 12 ..2545
:(2558)
6,
,,,
,
13
1960
?
“”
?
The Birth of
Biopolitics
‘ ’
(anall-purposedenunciatory
category) 14
12
,:(:
,2543).
13
(),(:
,2558).
14
TerryFlew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”Thesis Eleven122,
no.1(June2014):51–53.
xi

The Birth of Biopolitics 5
(1–3)
18
(4–6)‘(ordoliberalism)’
(7–8)
(KarlMarx)(MaxWeber)
(JosephSchumpeter)
(9–10)
(11–12)
(rationality)
15
15
TerryFlew,“MichelFoucault’sTheBirthofBiopoliitcsandContemporaryNeo-LiberalismDebates,”Thesis
Eleven108,no.1(February
2012):47–48.
xii

The
Birth of BiopoliticsBiopolitics(
) 16
“
()” 17
‘Biopolitics’
10..1979 18
The Birth of
Biopolitics 19
..1984
..1979
16
(biopolitics)‘
’ThomasLemke,Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction
(NewYorkandLondon:NewYorkUniversityPress,2001);
,Conatus:
21.(:IlluminationsEditions,2561),21–32.
17
“Despiteeverything,Icertainlyintendedattheoutsettospeakto
youaboutbiopoliticsandyet,thingsbeingsuchastheyare,yousee
thatIhavespokenatlength(perhapstoolong)aboutneoliberalism”
MichaelFoucault,Naissance de la biopolitique: cours au Collège de
France (1978–1979)(Paris:Gallimard:Seuil,2004),190.
18
124..1979
19
TerryFlew,“MichelFoucault’sTheBirthofBiopoliitcsandContemporaryNeo-LiberalismDebates,”Thesis
Eleven108,no.1(February
2012):48;MikeGane,“Foucaultongovernmentalityandliberalism,”
Theory, Culture & Society25,7–8(December2008):355.
xiii

..2004..2008
The Birth of Biopolitics
..2014Critiquer
Foucault: Les années 1980 et la tentation néolibérale
(DanielZamora)
..
1968
..2014
Ballast
Jacobin
“
” 20
Foucault and Neoliberalism(2016)
.(MichaelC.Behrent)
20
“CanWeCriticizeFoucault?:AnInterviewWithDanielZamora,”
Jacobin,December12,2014,https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/12/
foucault-interview/.
xiv

25–26..2016
“(FoucaultandNeoliberalism)”
(Centerfor
CriticalDemocracyStudies)
(AmericanUniversityofParis)
-(Daniel
Steinmetz-Jenkins),.(StephenW.Sawyer),(ClaudiaCastiglioni),
(DuncanKelly),(AnerBarzilay),
(LucaPaltrinieri),(LucaProvenzano),.
,(SergeAudier),.
(BernardE.Harcourt),(FrançoisEwald),
(JudithRevel),(DaniloScholz)
(ColinGordon)
(LucaProvenzano)
1.2.
21
21
LucaProvenzano,“FoucaultandNeoliberalismConferenceReport,”
MichelFoucault’sCollègedeFranceLectures:13YearsattheCollège,
13SeminarsatColumbia,LastmodifiedMarch28,2016,http://
blogs.law.columbia.edu/foucault1313/2016/03/28/foucault-813-epilogue-
foucault-and-neoliberalism-conference-report/.(Provenzano)
“The‘FoucaultandNeoliberalism’presentationson
xv

1:“”
25-26..2016
Source:https://foucaultnews.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/foucault-
and-neoliberalism-2-1.pdf
xvi

?
‘(Neoliberalism)’
(oft-invokedbutill-defined) 22
2 23 ‘monetarism
()’‘neoliberalism()’
15Google
Library..2012‘’
..1990–2007‘’
25–26March2016seemedtodisplaytwoimportantgeneralshifts.
Onewasthenarrowingofthecontoursofthedebateandthegeneral
dismissaloftwoextremepositions:1)thatFoucaultunequivocally
identifiedwithneoliberalismand2)thatFoucault’slecturesoffera
globaldenunciationofneoliberalism.”
22
Flew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”49–51.
23
Flew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”50.
xvii

2:Useoftheterms‘monetarism’and‘neoliberalism’,
1980–2010(asmeasuredbyGoogleNgram)
Source:Google,accessedMarch9,2012
xviii

‘’(Milton
Friedman)
..1976
1990 24 ‘’
((moneysupply)
)
‘ ’
25
‘
’ ‘’
‘’
“
” 1 4
24
,:,
(:,2559),43.
25
Flew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”50.
xix

“”5
8
1“”
,,
The SAGE Handbook of Neoliberalism
(2018)
‘’
‘’
‘’
26
The Birth of Biopolitics..
2008
26
TaylorC.BoasandJordanGans-Morse,“Neoliberalism:FromNew
PhilosophytoAnti-LiberalSlogan,”Studies in Comparative International
Development44,no.2(June2009):137–161.
xx

‘(Governmentality)’
?( )
(grandnarrative)‘’
27
(DavidHarvey)A Brief
History of Neoliberalism(2005)
27
IsabellaM.Weber,“ChinaandNeoliberalism:MovingBeyondthe
Chinais/isnotNeoliberalDichotomy,”InThe SAGE Handbook of
Neoliberalism,eds.DamienCahill,MelindaCooper,MartijnKonings,
andDavidPrimrose(London:SAGE,2018),219–233.
xxi

28
29
“(Neoliberalismasthedominantideologyofglobalcapitalism)”
30
DuménilandLévy(2011) 31 OverbeekandVanApeldoorn
(2012) 32 StegerandRoy(2011) 33
: 34
35 (
28
,,
(:,2555),33.
29
,,67–68.
30
Flew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”56.
31
G.DuménilandD.Lévy,The Crisis of Neoliberalism(Cambridge,
MA:HarvardUniversityPress,2011).
32
H.OverbeekandB.VanApeldoorn, Neoliberalism in Crisis(Basingstoke:Palgrave,2012).
33
M.StegerandR.Roy,Neoliberalism: A Very Short Introduction
(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2011).
34
,:.
35
E.HumphrysandD.Cahill,“HowLabourMade
Neoliberalism,”Critical Sociology 43,no.4–5(July2017):669–684.
xxii

3:PublicsocialspendingasashareofGDP,1880–2016
Source:https://ourworldindata.org/government-spending#
all-charts-preview,accessedMay9,2020
xxiii

)‘
’
-(
)
(TonyBlair)
..1998(Bill
Clinton)..1996 36
GDP..1880–
2016
GDP
OECD
OECD (
)
-
37
36
,:,97–98.
37
Flew,“Sixtheoriesofneoliberalism,”55.
xxiv

‘
’
(MontPelerin
Society)
(FriedrichvonHayek)(Ludwig
vonMises)
‘’
2“‘’:
”
(ArnaudBrennetot)
(Politicalgeography) 38
‘’
38
Politicalgeography
xxv

‘
’
(AugustoPinochet)..1973
‘(ChicagoBoys)’
39
1980
40
..1947
(Thinktank)
39
,,14–15.
40
2,
,66–108.
xxvi

‘(néoliberalisme)’
(WalterLippmannColloquium)
26–30..1938
..1947
..1950
(WilhelmRöpke)
(AlexanderRüstow)‘
(ordoliberalism)’
(Weimar)
(ThirdReich)
(Walter
Eucken)(FranzBöhm)-
xxvii

(HansGroßmann-Doerth)
(Freiburg)
Order of the Economy(OrdnungderWirtschaft)..1936
-(Alfred
Müller-Armack)
Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
..1948
The Birth of Biopolitics
14..19796 41
()
24..1979
,,
42
41
21..1979
42
MichelFoucault,The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de
France, 1978–1979,trans.GrahamBurchell(NewYork:PalgraveMac-
Millan,2008).
xxviii

(ideology)
‘’
1970
19801990
19902000‘
’
:
xxix

3“3”
‘’
()
2
xxx

4
•+()
•versus()
•after()
•inside()
4“”
The Birth of Politics
(Naissance de la biopolitique)
104..1979
(Ordoliberalism)
1.
2.
3.
xxxi

31.
(Ordnungstheorie)
(Ordnungspolitik)2.
3.
(AuthoritarianLiberalism)
“”
5“”
(MitchellDean)‘
’The SAGE
Handbook of Neoliberalism (2018)
?
(..1984)
-
xxxii

-
The Road from Mont-Pèlerin: The Making
of the Neoliberal Thought Collective(2009)
40
“
(laissez-faire))
The Birth of Biopolitics
”(A Brief History of Neoliberalism(2005)
‘-
’“
”
“”
xxxiii

“
”
‘’‘
’
6“:
,1976–1979”.(MichaelC.
Behrent)
1970
xxxiv

1970
1970
“”
1970
7“‘’
?”
xxxv

..2015
The Birth of Biopolitics
(austerity)
..2008
..2009
The
Birth of Biopolitics
?“”
“”
The Birth of Biopolitics
(MargaretThatcher)
xxxvi

(RonaldReagan)
19701980
..1989
‘(economicsubject)’
‘
’
Gramm-Leach-BlileyAct(1999) 43
“
”
“”-
(riskanalysis)
The Birth of Biopolitics
()
The Birth of Biopolitics
43
Gramm-Leach-BlileyAct
()
UniversalBanking—
xxxvii

8“:
”(Wendy
Brown)
Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution(2015)
Undoing the Demos41.
?2.
“”
?3.
?
“”?
4.“”
?
xxxviii

‘’
‘
’‘’
‘’‘’
1–4
‘’
‘’
?
1.2.
56
7
(StuartElden) 44 .(Bernard
44
PeterGratton,“StuartEldenonFoucaultandNeoliberalism,”
Philosophy in a Time of Error,LastmodifiedDecember17,2014,
http://blogs.law.columbia.edu/foucault1313/2016/01/23/introducing-
the-birth-of-biopolitics/.
xxxix

E.Harcourt) 45 (FrançoisEwald) 46
47
45
BernardE.Harcourt,“IntroducingtheBirthofBiopolitics,”
MichelFoucault’sCollègedeFranceLectures:13YearsattheCollège,
13SeminarsatColumbia,LastmodifiedJanuary23,2016,http://
blogs.law.columbia.edu/foucault1313/2016/01/23/introducing-the-birth-
of-biopolitics/.
46
FrançoisEwald,“FrançoisEwaldonFoucaultandneoliberalism,”
MichelFoucault’sCollègedeFranceLectures:13YearsattheCollège,
13SeminarsatColumbia,LastmodifiedJanuary24,2016,http://
blogs.law.columbia.edu/foucault1313/2016/01/24/ewaldneoliberalism/.
47
6