to Download - Nepal Gold & Silver Dealers

@)^& k'; @$ 8 Jan 2011
www.negosida.com.np
NEPAL GOLD & SILVER DEALERS' ASSOCIATION
(NEGOSIDA CENTRAL OFFICE) CHETTRAPATI
DHALKO, KATHMANDU, NEPAL
TEL: 977 1 4260586
FAX: 977 1 4260511 P.O.BOX: 20712
EMAIL: info@negosida.com.np

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sDKo"6/ n]cfp6÷u|flkmS;
EMERGE CREATIONS PVT. LTD.
Old Baneshwor, Kathmandu
Tel: 01-2103066
Banepa, Kavre 9841472695
www.emergecreations.com
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(NEGOSIDA)
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E-mail : info@negosida.com.np
Website: www.negosida.com.np
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nUof] . o;df g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] klg plQs} ;lqmo ;xof]u /lx/Xof] .
kmn:j?k g]kfn /fi6« a} +sn] ahf/sf] cf+lzs dfu kl/k"lt{ug{ cfkm\gf] df}Hbftsf]
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dGqL

FNCCI FNCCI
g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3
Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce & Industry
z'e sfdgf
P.O. Box: 269
Sahid Sukra
FNCCI Milan Marg, Pachali
Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 4262061, 4262218, 4266889
Fax: 977-1-4261022, 4262007
E-mail: fncci@mos.com.np
http://www.fncci.org
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@)^& k'; (

g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{
NEPAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
(Estd. 1952 A.D.)
CHAMBER BHAWAN. KANTIPATH
P.O.Box : 198, Kathmandu, NEPAL
Phone : 977-1-4230947
Fax : 977-1-4229998, 4222890
E-mail : chamber@wlink.com.np
Website : http://www.nepalchamber.org
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NEPAL GOLD AND SILVER DEALER'S ASSOCIATION
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klg JoQm ug{rfxG5' .
===============================================
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!!= ;b:o >L zfSofg zfSo -s]lGb|o ;xsf]iffWoIf_
!@= ;b:o >L 1fg]Gb|dfg zfSo -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!#= ;b:o >L /fhefO ah|frfo{ -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!$= ;b:o >L k| ]ds'df/ ;]Gr'/L -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!%= ;b:o >L /Tg ;'Gb/ zfSo -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!^= ;b:o >L /d]z axfb'/ zfSo -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!&= ;b:o >L a;Gt /fh zfSo -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!*= ;b:o >L OZj/h+u /fhe08f/L -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
!(= ;b:o >L /fh]Gb| ljZjsdf{ -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
@)= ;b:o >L x]d /fh zfSo -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
@!= ;b:o >L ls;g df:s] -s]lGb|o ;b:o_
@@= ;b:o >L z'esfhL zfSo -sf7df8f} + zvf cWoIf_
@#= ;b:o >L ?ks'df/ zfSo -nlntk'/ zfvf cWoIf_
@$. ;b:o >L ci6 jh|frfo{ -eQmk'/ zfvf cWoIf_
@%= ;b:o >L /lag zfSo -sfe| ] zfvf cWoIf_
@^= ;b:o >L cfgGb zfSo -g'jfsf]6 zfvf cWoIf_
@&= ;b:o >L Hof]tL /Tg ah|frfo{ -dsjfgk'/ zfvf cWoIf_
@*= ;b:o >L b'uf{dfg a'4frfo{ -sf:sL zfvf cWoIf_
/fh]Gb| t'nfw/
sfof{no ;lrj
@(= ;b:o >L ch'{gs'df/
;'gf/ -/;fO{nL_-lrtjg zfvf
cWoIf_
#)= ;b:o >L dl0f nfn ljZjsdf{ -ndh'ª zfvf cWoIf_
#!= ;b:o >L /fds[i0f a/fOnL -DofUbL zfvf cWoIf_
#@= ;b:o >L afa'/fd ljZjsdf{ -gjnk/f;L zfvf cWoIf_
##= ;b:o >L s]z axfb'/ ;'gf/ -tgx“ " zfvf cWoIf_
#$= ;b:o >L s]Da/ lj=s= -:of“hf zfvf cWoIf_
#%= ;b:o >L dgsfhL lj=s= -afUn'ª zfvf cWoIf_
#^= ;b:o >L /fd/tg ;/f{km -k;f{zfvf cWoIf_
#&= ;b:o >L dgf]x/ ljZjsdf{ -kj{t zfvf cWoIf_
#*= ;b:o >L ;fFjnL k|;fb k'/jf/ -af“s] zfvf cWoIf_
#(= ;b:o >L lx/fnfn :j0f{sf/ -?s'd zfvf cWoIf_
$)= ;b:o >L s[i0f pbf; -emfkf zfvf cWoIf_
$!= ;b:o >L hf]unfn lj=s -?kGb]xL zfvf cWoIf_
$@= ;b:o >L lbnaxfb'/ a/fOnL -bfª zfvf cWoIf_
$#= ;b:o >L Odfg l;+x uxt/fh -Ko"7fg zfvf cWoIf_
$$= ;b:o >L lbn k|;fb a/fOnL -/f]Nkf zfvf cWoIf_
$%= ;b:o >L nfn dl0f ;'gf/ -c3f{vf“rL zfvf cWoIf_
$^= ;b:o >L vlu/fd ;'gf/ -b}n]v zfvf cWoIf_
$&= ;b:o >L b]jL k|;fb jdf{ -slknj:t' zfvf cWoIf_
$*= ;b:o >L afns[i0f a/fn -u'NdL zfvf cWoIf_
$(= ;b:o >L ;'Aaf ;'gf/ -l;Gw'kfNrf]s zfvf cWoIf_
%)= ;b:o >L ledaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ -alb{of zfvf cWoIf_
%!= ;b:o >L cd/ axfb'/ ;f]a -s}nfnL zfvf cWoIf_
%@= ;b:o >L bof/fd e§/fO{ -pnf{af/L, df]/ª zfvf cWoIf_
%#= ;b:o >L /fh]Gb|d'gL zfSo -kfNkf zfvf cWoIf_
%$= ;b:o >L ;'lgn cu|jfn -;'G;/L zfvf cWoIf_
%%= ;b:o >L cd/ 36fgL -uf]/vf zfvf cWoIf_
%^= ;b:o >L lzj s'df/ -af/f zfvf cWoIf_
g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf
sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/
/ljGb| ah|frfo{
sfof{no ;xfos
lzj l/hfn
sd{rf/Lx¿
/lhnf zfSo
sfof{no ;xfos
;fldg zfSo
sfof{no ;xfos

ljifo ;"rL
l;=g+= ljifo ;"rL n]vs k[i7
! = g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf s]lGb|o cWoIf
>L t]h/Tg zfSoHo";“u lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
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!!=
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g]kfndf /Tg vlghsf] Jofkf/
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cfGbf]ng @)^& sf] l;+xfjnf]sg
;fs{6« ]8 km]o/ @))( e"6fgdf ;xeflutf Ps cg'ej
;+3fTds /fHo k|0ffnL / o;sf r'gf}ltx?
;'grfFbL Joj;foLsf jt{dfg ;d:of
g]jf/ hfltsf] k/Dk/fut uxgf
;DaGw Hj]n/L / :jfYosf]
Gold Plating and its Usages
ca ;'g klg Pl6Pdaf6
s]xL ljZj k|l;4 lx/fx?
Gold “What's Next?”
;'grfFbLsf] b/efpsf] rf6{ -@)^^_
MAJOR GEM LOCATIONS OF NEPAL
s]Gb| ultljlw
lhNnf zfvf ultljlw
k| ]; lj1KtL
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;+3sf] ultljlw
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lbo]z /Tg zfSo
1fgsfhL -;Tsf/_ zfSo
ls/0f efO{ ah|frfo{
lzj l/hfn
j'l4axfb'/ uxt/fh
O{Zj/Ld}ofF >]i7
Kanti Shrestha
Sachin Shakya
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!*
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g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
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sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
rfFbLsf] sldh
Go" /f]lxgL Hj]n;{
B-11, 2nd Floor, Pashupati Plaza
Khichapokhari, Kathmandu
Tel: 4244153
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
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sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
rfFbLsf] >L sldh s'zs'df/ hf]zL
cWoIf Pjd\
g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 kl/jf/
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;Dks{ M $@^@)^!, $@^@@!*, $@^^**(
E-mail : fncci@mos.com.np, http://www.fncci.org

cGt{jftf{
g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf s]lGb|o cWoIf
>L t]h/Tg zfSoHo";“u lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{
zfnLg Pj+ jf}l4s JolQmTjsf wgL >L t]h /Tg zfSo Joj;flos hutsf] ;'kl/lrt gfd xf] .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] nuftf/ tLg sfo{sfn;Dd cWoIf ;DxfNb} cfpg'ePsf pxfF
s'zn g]t[Tjstf{ klg x'g'x'G5 . ;'grfFbL Joj;fosf] jt{dfg ;d;fdflos 36gfx?sf] ;DaGwdf
:j0f{bk{0fsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs >L lbo]z /Tg zfSon] pxfF;Fu lng'ePsf] cGt/jftf{sf] ;f/;+Ifk
tn k|:t[t ul/Psf] 5 .
k|Zg – g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 dxf;+3df
?kfGt/ x'“b}5 eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5, o;sf]
cfjZostf Pj+ cf}lrTo dfly k|sfz kfl/lbg'
x'G5 ls <
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eGg] s'/f ;f“rf] xf] . cj of] ;+3 dxf;+3sf]
k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg{ ] qmddf nfUg] 5 . of] ;+3 lhNnf
:t/af6 z'?jft ub}{;do cg';f/ ljsf;
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jt{dfg l:ylt / sfo{If]q j[l4 x'“b}
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] {cfjZostf ePsf] xf] .
k|Zg –of] aif{;'gsf] d"No ;jf{lws pRr d"No ;+u}cefj klg
r/dr'nLdf k'Uof], o;sf] sf/0f s]
xf]nf <
pQ/–of] jif{cGt/f{li6«o :t/d} ;'grf“bLsf] d"No cTolwsdfqfdf
a9\g uO{cfGtl/s ;'gahf/ k|efljt
x'g uO{@)^& ;fn d+;L/ !$ ut] k|lt tf]nf $),$))÷–
sf] pRr :t/df k'Ug uPsf] xf] . ;fy}
cTolwsdfqfdf d"No a9\g' k5fl8 g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn
/fi6« a} +saf6 cfGtl/s dfu eGbf sd dfq laqmL
ljt/0fsf] nflu a} +s dfkm{t cfoft ug{lbg', Tof] klg gof“
gofF lhNnf :tl/o ;+3x? aLr efu aG8f u/L ljjflbt
x'g] lsl;dsf] gLlt lgod cfPsf]n] ;'gsf] cefj
r/d l;dfdf k'Ug uPsf] xf] .
g]uf]l;8f !@
>L t]h/Tg zfSo
cWoIf – g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3
k|Zg–of] aif{g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGbf]ng d} pqg'
k/]sf] sf/0f rfxLF s] xf]nf <
pQ/– of] jif{g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGbf]ngd} plqg'
k/]sf] k5fl8 lgDg sf/0fx? 5g\M–
s_ g]kfn /fi6« a} +saf6 zf]wgfGt/ 3f6fdf j[l4 x'g uPsf]
eGb} dfu eGbf sd dfq -b}lgs !) s]=hL=_ ;'gsf] laqmL
ljt/0f ug{nufpg] Joj:yf x'g' .
v_ pQm sf]6fdf o; ;+3af6 dfq l;kmfl/z ug] {ul/Psf]df
c G o l h N n f : t l / o ; + 3 x ? n f O {
klg sf]6fsf] efuaG8f u/L l;kmfl/z ug{clwsf/ k|bfg
ug'{.
u_ pQm gLlt lgodsf sf/0f o; ;+3df cfj4
Joj;foLx?nfO{Joj;fo rnfpg ;Sg]
cj:yfg}g/x]sf]n] /fi6« a} +ssf] pQm lgb] {lzsf lj?4
lj/f]w :j?k cfGbf]ngdf plqg' k/]sf] xf] .
k|Zg – g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3n] ;'grf“bLsf] d"No
lgwf{/0fdf Psflwsf/ ug{vf]h]sf] 5, o;sf]
;~hfn dfkm{t sf6]{lnªnfO{a9fjf ul//x]sf] 5
elgG5 lg <
pQ/– of] ;/f;/ unt xf] . g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 ut
@)$$ ;fndf u7g eO{ ;'grf“bLsf] d"No
lgwf{/0f u/L laqmL ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;'rf? ?kdf
;+rfng ub}{cfPsf] Ps ;j{dfGotf k|fKt
cflwsfl/s ;+3 xf] . o;n] cGt/fli6«o ;'gahf/sf]
cfwf/df dfq ;dfgfGt/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug] {u/]sf]n]
sf6] {lnªnfO{a9fjf lbg vf]h]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;/f;/
:j0f{ bk{0f

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k|Zg – g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 dxf;+3df ?kfGt/
x'“b}5 eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5 o;sf] cfjZostf Pj+
cf}lrTo dfly k|sfz kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <
pQ/– g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 dxf;+3df ?kfGt/ x'“b}5
eGg] s'/f ;f“rf] xf] . cj of] ;+3 dxf;+3sf]
k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg{ ] s|ddf nfUg] 5 . of] ;+3 lhNnf
:t/af6 z'?jft ub}{;do cg';f/ ljsf;
/ lj:tf/ u/L s]lGb|o :t/df k'lu ;s]sf] 5 eg] o:sf]
l:ylt cj:yf / sfo{If]q j[l4 x'“b}
uPsf]n] o;nfO{
dxf;+3df ?kfGt/0f ug'{kg]
] {cfjZostf ePsf] xf] .
k|Zg –of] aif{;'gsf] d"No ;jf{lws pRr d"No ;+u}cefj klg
r/d r'nLdf k'Uof], o;sf] sf/0f s]
xf]nf <
pQ/–of] jif{cGt/f{li6«o :t/d};'grf“bLsf] d"No cTolwsdfqfdf
a9\g uO{cfGtl/s ;'gahf/ k|efljt
x'g uO{@)^& ;fn d+;L/ !$ ut] k|lt tf]nf $),$))÷–
sf] pRr :t/df k'Ug uPsf] xf] . ;fy}
cTolwsdfqfdf d"No a9\g' k5f8L g]kfn ;/sf/,
g]kfn /fi6« a} +saf6 cfGtl/s dfu eGbf sd dfq laqmL
ljt/0fsf] nflu a} +s dfkm{t cfoft ug{lbg', Tof] klg gof“
gof lhNnf :tl/o ;+3x? lar efu aGbf u/L ljjflbt
x'g] lsl;dsf] gLlt lgod cfPsf]n] ;'gsf] cefj
r/d l;dfdf k'Ug uPsf] xf] .
k|Zg–of] aif{g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGbf]ng d}pqg'
k/]sf] sf/0f rfxL s] xf]nf <
pQ/– of] jif{g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGbf]ngd}plqg'
k/]sf] k5f8L lgDg sf/0fx? 5g\M–
s_ g]kfn /fi6« a} +saf6 zf]wgfGt/ 3f6fdf j[l4 x'g uPsf]
eGb}dfu eGbf sd dfq -b}lgs !) s]=hL=_ ;'gsf] laqmL
ljt/0f ug{nufpg] Joj:yf x'g' .
v_ pQm sf]6fdf o; ;+3af6 dfq l;kmfl/z ug] {ul/Psf]df
c G o l h N n f : t l / o ; + 3 x ? n f O {
klg sf]6fsf] efuaGbf u/L l;kmfl/z ug{clwsf/ k|bfg
ug'{.
u_ pQm gLlt lgodsf sf/0f o; ;+3df cfj4
g]uf]l;8f !#
Joj;foLx?nfO{Joj;fo rnfpg ;Sg]
cj:yfg}g/x]sf]n] /fi6« a} +ssf] pQm lgb] {lzsf lj?4
lj/f]w :j?k cfGbf]ngdf plqg' k/]sf] xf] .
k|Zg – g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3n] ;'grf“bLsf] d"No
lgwf{/0fdf Psflwsf/ ug{vf]h]sf] 5, o;sf]
;~hfn dfkm{t sf6]{lnªnfO{a9fjf ul//x]sf] 5
elgG5 lg <
pQ/– of] ;/f;/ unt xf] . g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 ut
@)$$ ;fndf u7g eO{;'grf“bLsf] d"No
lgwf{/0f u/L laqmL ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;'rf? ?kdf
;+rfng ub}{cfPsf] Ps ;j{dfGotf k|fKt
cflwsfl/s ;+3 xf] . o;n] cGt/fli6«o ;'gahf/sf]
cfwf/df dfq d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{u/]sf]n]
sf6] {lnªnfO{a9fjf lbg vf]h]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;/f;/
unt xf] .
k|Zg –g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf] d"No lgwf{/0f
k|lqmof kf/bzL{5}g eGg] ;'lgPsf] Pj+ jt{dfg
sfg'gL Joj:yfdf k]zfut ;+3nfO{o:tf] d"No
lgwf{/0fsf] clwsf/ 5}g eGg] cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5
o; ;DaGwdf k|sfz kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <
cGt{jftf{
pQ/– o; ;+3n] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] l:ylt / cj:yf x]/L
kf/bzL{?kdf ;'grf“bLsf] d"No lgwf{/0f
ug] {u/]sf] 5 . o;n] cGt/fli6«o ahf/sf] nflu
cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{sf] ;'gahf/nfO{
cfk"lt{sf] >f]t dfg]sf] 5 eg] cfGtl/s ahf/sf] dfu /
l 5 d ] s L b ] z e f / t s f ] ; ' g a h f / n f O {
dfu tkm{sf] cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 . lsgeg] ef/tsf]
;'gahf/df x'g] kl/jt{gn] cfGtl/s ahf/ klg k|efljt
x'g] u/]sf] 5 . jt{dfg sfg"gL Joj:yfdf k]zfut
;+3nfO{d"No tf]Sg] clwsf/ 5 ls 5}g eGbf klg k|d'v
ljifoj:t' eg]sf] o; k|ltsf] hgdfg;sf] ljZjf; /
dfGotfsf] s'/f k|d'v x'g5 . g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL
;+3n] b]zleq 5l/P/ a;]sf ;'g Joj;foLx? /
pkef]Qmf aLr ;/n ;'ne vl/b laqmL sf/f]jf/
ug{Pp6f dfWod tof/L kf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ljZjf; /
dfGotf g}o:sf] k|d'v cfwf/ xf] .
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k|Zg –g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGtl/s ahf/
Joj:yfkgdf dfq s]Gb|Lt 5 o;n] cfkm\gf]
bfo/f a9fpg ;s]sf] 5}g eG5\g lg <
pQ/–xfn ;Dd g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGtl/s
;'grf“bLsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg ug]{sfddf
g} nfuL /x]sf] 5 eg] cj o;nfO{ kl/dfh{g ub} { bfo\/f
k m / f l s n f ] k f g ] { o f ] h g f s f ] t o f / L d f
nfu]sf] 5 . h:fsf] nflu o; ;+3n] laleGg l5d]sL b]z
ef/t, >Ln+sf / yfOnf08sf] e|d0f
u/L o; Joj;fosf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{g
u g { c W o o g c g ' ; G w f g / T o x f “ s f ]
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k|bfg u/L k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg]{sfo{df
nfusf] 5 . olx l;nl;nfdf ;dsIfL yfO{
Pzf]l;o;gsf] k|ltlglw d08nn] s]lx ;ftf klxn]
g]kfnsf] e|d0f u/]sf] :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' .
k|Zg –@)^& kf}if ! ut] b]lv ;'grf“bL Joj;fodf klg
;Dklt z'l4s/0f -dlg nfpG8l/·_ nfu"
ePsf] kl/k|]R5df o;n] Joj;fodf
kfg]{;sf/fTds÷gsf/fTds c;/af/] s] cf“sng ug'{
ePsf] 5 <
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pQ/–;'grf“bL Joj;fox?sf klg ;+klt z'l4s/0fsf] gLlt lgod
o x L k f i f ! u t b l v n f u
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l j r f / u b f o f J o j ; f o ; / l I f t
sf/f]jf/ u/L cufl8 a9fpg of] lgodn] ;sf/fTds
e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 eg] ;'grf“bL
ax'd"Noj:t' ePsf]n] 7"nf] /sdsf] sf/f]jf/ ug'{kg{
cj:yfdf of] lgodn] To:fsf] sf/f]jf/
/ Jojxf/nfO{ lg?T;flxt kfg{;S5 / volume of
transaction df sdL cfpg ;S5 .
;fy} g]kfndf ;'grf“bLsf] sf/f]jf/ Jojxf/, klx/g,
j r t / c f k t s f l n g u h f ] { 6 f g ] { P s
z;Qm dfWodsf] ?kdf lng ul/Psf]n] ;/n sf/f]jf/
u g { s t } j f w f c 8 \ r g / l j Z j : t
x'g ;Sg] cj:yf dfly g} cf3ft gkfnf{ eGg ;lsGg .
g]uf]l;8f !$
k|Zg –g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf] xfn ;Ddsf]
lqmofsnfk / pknAwLnfO{s;/L d"Nof·g
ug'{ePsf] 5 < o;sf] lqmofsnfkaf6 ;a}eGbf al9
;Gt'i6 ePsf] s'g}If0f eP atfO{
lbg' x'G5 ls <
pQ/–g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf] d"Nofªg o:fsf]
lqmofsnfk, / xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAwsf] cfwf/df
ug{;lsG5 . of] ;+3 @)$$ ;fndf lhNnf :tl/o
;+3af6 z'? eO{ #% lhNnfdf zfvf, pkzfvfx?
lj:tf/ u/L cfh s]lGb|o ;+3sf] ?kdf :yflkt
ug{;kmn eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] clwsf+;
lhNnfx?df cfk\mgf] zfvfx? u7g u/L ;+3sf]
d"No dfGotf, dxTj / cfjZostf dfly k|sfz
kfb}{Joj;foL Pj+ hgdfg;sf] ljZjf;
k|fKt ug{;kmn eO{ hgdfg;df ;lx Pj+ plrt
;'grf“bLsf] d"No lgwf{/0f u/L cg'lrt lqmofsnfkaf6
aRg / arfpg cfjZos ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;
;+3n] @)%% ;fndf ;'grf“bLdf Vat nufpg] ;/sf/L
gLlt cfPsf]df ;b:ox?sf] ;xof]udf Psj4tf k|bz{g
u/]/ Vat x6fpg ;kmn ePsf] If0f xf] .
To:t};'grf“bLsf] cfk"lt{sf] lglZrt >f]tsf]
cefjsf sf/0f cfGtl/s ;'gahf/ ;+t'lnt x'g
g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf @)^# ;fn df3
! ut]sf] cWofb]z dfkm{t OGL sf] Joj:yf nfu' u/fpg
;kmn ePaf6 ;'grf“bLsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ;'rf?
ePsf] If0f xf] .
k|Zg –cGtdf æ:j0f{bk{0fÆ :dfl/sf dfkm{t Joj;foL Pj+
pkef]Qmfx?nfO{s]xL ;Gb]z lbg' x'G5 ls <
pQ/–o; :j0f{bk{0f :dfl/sf dfkm{t g]kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL
;+3sf] tkm{af6 o; ;+3df cfj4 ;Dk"0f{ Joj;foL
;b:ox?nfO{ u'0f:t/ o'Qm u/uxgf Pj+ ef“8fs'“8fx?
dfq pTkfbgu/L cfkm\gf] / ;+3 k|lt pkef]Qmfx?sf]
ljZjf; k|fKt ug] {tkm{ / pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;'grf“bLsf]
u/ uxgfsf] sf/f]jf/ Jojxf/ ubf{ ;+w} Jojxf/ ug] { 7fp“df
dfq lansf] cfwf/df sf/f]jf/ ug'{x'g
cGoyf g]kfn
;'grf“bL Joj;foL ;+3sf] ;b:o k|fKt Joj;foLx? sxf“
dfq sf/f]jf/ ug{ ' ePdf ;'/lIft / ;xof]u ug{;lsg] s'/f
cg'/f]w / clkn ug{rfxG5' .
:j0f{ bk{0f

g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
kz'klt gfy k|;Gg
;f]gf/ l;4 k|;Gg
k|f]=k|f= rGb|sfGt d'DaO{ jfn]
rGb|sfGtf l/kmfOg/L
j6', u'Rrf6f]n
kmf]g g+= $@$#%#*, $@^%*^#
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
Pancha Buddha
Nagal Tole, Kathmandu
Tel: 4259029, 4259713
Step in or showroom for 24K to 22K Gold,
Silver & Jewellery Ornaments.
"Customer's Satisfaction is our Moto"
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
>]i7 Uofn/L Hj]n/L aS;
clht >]i7
lah]Zj/L , sf7df8f} +
kmf]g g+= M $#)@)(* -clkm;_
$@!@)@^ -3/_
df]= (*%!)!)@$&
Associate With Us. Open Up
Opportunity To You And Your Company.
Best Wishes for Grand Success of
18th AGM
of
NEGOSIDA
Halchowk, Adhikari Complex. Kathmandu
Ph. 014279727/ 014672716
Always Remember us for Bulk sms service
and Pushmail (E-mail on your Mobile).

hfgsf/L
g]kfndf /Tg vlghsf] Jofkf/
c;Ld ;Defjgf
xfd|f] g]kfn lx+pn] 9fs]/ ;]tfDo k/]sf
lxdfnL k/Dk/fut b[Zo, pRr lxdfnL
efusf le/fnf] e'agf]6 tyf leqL db]zsf
;dy/ e"efun] cToGt ljljwtfo'Qm
hnjfo'n] kl/k"0f{ePsf] b]z xf] . oxfFsf]
ef}uf]lns ljljlwtfsf sf/0f lxdfno kj{t
>[ªvnfdf ljljw /Tg vlgh ;Dkfbsf]
c;Ld ;Defjgf /x]sf] cj:yf b]vf kb} { 5
. JolQmut ?lr ;+sngsf] rngn]
ubf{lghL If]qn] o; tkm{kfOnf rfn]sf] 5
/ vlgh ljefudf lbgx'F
o; If]qdf vf]h
tnf;sf cg'dtL k|fKt ug] {sf] ;+Vof Pj+
If]qx? ylkb}uPsf] 5 .
6'df{lng -cf}Bf]lus :t/_
clxn] ;a}eGbf w]/} cg'dtL lng]x? dWo]
6'df{lng hftsf] /Tg kTy/sf] cGoTo
pRr dfusf] sf/0faf6 cf}Bf]lus :t/sf]
6'df{lng -kTy/_sf] ;+sng c5fd, afh'/,
sflngsf]6, hfh/sf]6, ?s'd /f]Nkf If]qdf
vf]htnf; pTvgg Pj+ lgof{t eO{/x]sf] 5
. clxn] ef/tdf dfq lgof{t eO{/x]sf]
6'df{lngsf] ljb]zaf6 cToGt dfu
cfO{/x]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnaf6 ef/t,
ef/taf6 a}+ss, dn]l;of, blIf0f
sf]l/oftkm{g]kfnsf] 6'df{lng t]>f] b]zaf6
lgof{t eO{/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 ;f]em}lgof{t
ug] {tkm{cj l9nf ug'{
x'b}g . lsgeg]
jflif{s !)) b]lv @)) 6g;Dd lgof{t
ug{;lsg] / /fd|f] k|ltkmn lbg] o;sf]
Jofkfl/s ;Defjgf cToGt a9\bf] 5 .
Uff]kfn /]UdL
kqsf/
uf]kfn/fh /]UdL hGd afFs]
g]kfnu~h xfn sfo{If]q sf7df8f} +,
/Tg If]qdf /Tg kl/If0f tflnd
s]Gb|sf] dxfk|aGwsaf6 k|j]z,
g]kfnsf] klxnf] cTofw'lgs /Tg
pBf]u :yfkgf / ;+rfng xfn
g]kfnsf] klxnf] h]d P08 Hj]n/L
klqsfsf] k|sfzs x'g'x'G5 .
Hof;k/
lxdfnL xfjfkfgLsf sf/0f g]kfnsf]
Hof;k/ ax'/+uL 5 . Hof;k/sf] sRrf
kbfy{sf] k|r'/ pknAwtf ePsf]n] o;sf]
pkof]u lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ?kdf -ˆnf]l/g
6fON; _ul/G5 . :kml6s hfltsf] kTy/
ePsf]n] o;sf] /+u, rds l6sfpkg,
dfj{n / u| ]gfO6 eGbf a9L ePsf]n] o;sf]
6fOnsf] ljZjJofkL dfu 5 . xfdLn]
sf7df8f} + ;8sdf 5fk]sf] b]v]sf 5f} + .
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgaf6 cl;d Jofkfl/s
nfe 5 eGg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 .
ufg] {6
s'g}a]nf g]kfnL ufg] {6n] ;Dk"0f{ ef/tLo
/Tg ahf/ sAhf u/]sf] syf 5, g]kfnL
/Tg Joj;foLx?sf aLr . g]kfnsf]
åGbsfnn] pTkfbg gx'g' ef/tsf] pl8;fdf
g]uf]l;8f !^
ufg] {6sf vfgLx? e]l6Psf]n] xfdL kl5
k/]sf xf} + . clxn] klg g]kfndf ufg] {6sf]
vfgLx?sf] pTkfbg ug] {xf] eg] pRr /Tg
:t/ b]lv cf}Bf]lus :t/sf] ufg] {6sf] lgof{t
ug{;DefJotf cToGt pRr /x]sf] 5 .
ahf/sf] ;d:of 5b}5}g .
ljljw k|sf/sf Sjfh{ :t/sf
/Tgx?
g]kfndf e]l6Psf Sjfh{ hfltsf 5g\.
jf6/ lqmi6n, ldNsL lqmi6n, Snf]/fO8
Sjfh{x? d'lt{snf, x:tsnf Pj+ /Tg
cfe"if0fsf nflu ;d]t k|of]u x'g]sf]
Jofkfl/s :t/df cem pkof]u x'g g;s]sf]
kl/k| ]R5df of] If]q ;d]t ;DefJotfsf] 7"nf]
ahf/ kfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
sfO{gfO6
cGt/f{li6«o /Tg hutdf æg]kfn
sfOgfO6Æ sf] gfdn] k|l;4 sfOgfO6 /Tg
vlgh ljljw pkof]uL Jofkf/ pBf]usf]
k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos vlgh dWo]
kxf8L e]usf] lj:t[t If]qdf k"j{ b]lv
klZrd ;Dd pknAw 5 . df]6/,
df]6/;fO{lsnsf] :kfs{Kns, ljB't
l8:sOG;'n]6/ h:tf pTkfbg pBf]udf
cTofjZos sfOgf6, cNdf]lgod pBf]usf]
nflu cTofjZos sRrf kbfy{ePsf] yfxf
kfpg' kb{5 / o:sf] Joj;foLs pkof]u
ug{;lsG5 .
;'g
k/Dk/fut ?kdf jiff} { b]lv ;'g afn'jfaf6
rfn]sf] b]lv hfGg]x?sf] sdL 5}g .
:j0f{ bk{0f

g]kfnsf] ;'gvfgLsf] ljsf;sf nflu km/flsnf] If]q / dfu ePsf]n] /fHon]
;DefJotfsf] /fd|f] cWoogsf] sdLn] ;3fpg ;Sg] k|lqmofdf ;/nLs/0f
ubf{of] If]qdf pT;fxLx?sf] vfFrf] 5 . /fd|f] a} +sx?af6 k" FhL k|jfxdf /x]sf] sdL
;Defjgf ePsf]n] g}lrgsf pBf]uLx? o; sdhf]/L x6fO{cfGtl/s pTkfbgsf] of]
If]qdf k|j]z ul/ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf of] klg If]qnfO{pT;fxL pBdL Jofkf/Lsf] kx'Frsf]
Pp6f If]q xf] .
If]q jgfpg' kg] {cfjZostf cf}NofOPsf]
dfq xf] . b]z /fhg}lts lvrfgfltdf
v/L9'+uf
dfq ?nd'lnPsf] sf/0faf6 cfly{s
v/L9+ 'ufsf] If]qkmn klg g]kfndf w]/}7"nf] pGgltsf] of] 7"nf] If]q pk]Iff ljlxg cj
5 . o:sf] Jofkfl/s ;Defjgf ahf/sf] x'g' x'b}g . cfjZostf dfq s] 5 eg]
cefj 5}g . cf}ifwL pBf]u /Tg vlgh klxrfgsf] :t/Lo tflnd
;f}Gbo{k|;fwg Cosmetic use df s]Gb| h;af6 /Tg kTy/ klxrfgsf :t/
cToflws k|of]u x'g] v/L 9+ 'ufsf] If]qdf lgwf{/0f d'NofÍg ug] {, ;Lk ljsf; x'g
7"nf] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;sf]; ;fy}/Tg kTy/ k|;f]wg, kl/:sf/
cGo vlghdf kmnfd, tfdf, zLzf / pBf]usf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm
h:tfsf] If]qsf] cg';Gwfg g} ck'/f] 5 . pTkfbg ug{;s] g]kfnsf] /Tg ahf/n]
ctM g]kfnsf] /Tg vlgh If]qsf] cGt/f{li6«o hutdf cfkm\gf] klxrfg Pj+
;DefjgfnfO{b[li6ut ubf{cfGtl/s dfu /fd|f] :t/Lo pkl:ylt hgfpg ;sf];
Pj+ lgof{tsf] ;Defjgf ahf/sf] xfn g]kfn sfOg]6n] ljZjahf/df
g]uf]l;8f !&
hfgsf/L
jgfPsf] k|lti7f xfdLn] xfd|f] kf}/vaf6
u/]sf xf}eGg] dg;fon] /Tg pBdLsf]
OR5fOPsf] :j0f{cfe'if0fdf g]kfnL
/Tgx?sf] k|of]u ahf/ k|a4{gsf nflu
ug'{kg]
{sfd cjsf lbgdf k|f/De ug{
;lsG5 . g]kfnsf] PSjfd]l/gsf] /Gt
:t/ pRr u'0f:t/sf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
lgndnfO{k|zf]wg ug] { vfgL ljsf;df
;3fpg] xf] eg] ljZj k|l;4 sfl:d/sf]
lgndsf] :t/sf] pTkfbg ;dfg hnjfo'
ePsf] xfd|f] b]zdf klg ;Defjgf 5 .
g]kfnL ?jL -dfl0fs_sf] vfgL ljsf;df
lxDdtL pBdLsf] k|of; rflxPsf] 5 .
ljljw /+usf 6'df{lngsf] ckf/
;DefjgfnfO{klxrfg / Jofkfl/s bf]xg
;dofg's'n cfjZostf xf] .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
cho dhLl7of
NEPAL
8/471, Dau Bhal
New Road, Gucchatole, Kathmandu
Tel: 4243255
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
ljgfos uxgf k;n
rfjlxn, sf7df8f} +
kmf]g g+= M )!–$$**!)&
$$*#!%&
:j0f{ bk{0f

lbo]z /Tg zfSo
-s]lGb|o ;lrj, g]=;'=rfF=Jo=;+3_
hfgsf/L
$$ cf} + a}Ís h]d P08 Hj]n/L d]nf M Ps ;+:d/0f
yfO{h]d P08 Hj]n/L Pzf]l;ogsf] bfjf ul/Psf] /x]5 . z'?df
lgdGq0ffdf ;+3sf jl/i7 cWoIf >L xfdLnfO{ldgL 6« ]gdf a;fOof] / clg
dl0f /Tg zfSosf] g]t[Tjdf !# nluof] dx]Gb| u'kmf h:t}cWof/f] ;'?Ë
; b : o L o e | d 0 f 6 f ] n L leq HfxfF ax'd"No kTy/
utjif{To;tkm{nfUof} + . e|d0f 6f]nLdf pTvgg\ljlwsf] hLjGt b[Zox? x'ax'
1fg'/fh zfSo -dWodf~rn ldNg] u/L k|bz{g ul//fv]sf] lyof] .
pkfWoIf_, dfl0fs /Tg zfSo - k|fs[lts h:t} nfUg] vf]N;f, em/gfx?
.
dxf;lrj_, 1fgsfhL ;Tsf/ zfSo - clg k|sfz / WjgL ;+of]hgn] !% ;]Kt]Da/sf] lbg 6f]nLsf ofqf
sf]iffWoIf_ nufot x'g'x'GYof] . ;fFlRrg}ax'd"No kTy/ pTvgg\ul//x] ] ;+of]hs >L 1fg' /fh zfSon]
;g\@))( sf] ;]6]Da/ !% b]lv !( em}nfUg] d"lt{snfsf/x? . xfdLnfO{laxfg} p7fpg' eof] . xtf/f]
;Dd ePsf] pQm Hj]n/L d]nfsf]
ha cWofF/f] ;?Ë l5rf]n]/
xtf/f] a| ]skmf:6 lnP/ kfls{Ë :yn
cjnf]sg d'Vo nIo ePklg xfdL
ldlg 6« ]g pHofnf] 7fpFdf /f]lsof] ToxfF
k'Ubf Hj]n/L d]nfsf] lrqn] el/Psf]
z'?df ToxfFsf] ko{6sLo gu/L
b]lvof] Pp6f eJo Pj+ ljzfn Hj]n/L
z6n a; xfdLnfO{ kv{ ]/ a;]sf] /x]5 .
k6fofdf /dfof} + .
k;n . xfd|f] ;d'xdf !# hgfsf] nflu
s/La cfwf 306fdf xfdL d]nfsf]
k6fofsf] ;fd'lb|s lsgf/ s/La Tolt g};+Vofdf ;]N;un{kl5
cfof]hgf :yn ODkfS6 Rofn]Gh/df
sf]/n aLrdf latfPsf If0fx? nfu] . ljqmLsIfsf ;fdfgx? jofg
k'U5f} + . kf; l6s6 Pj+ cGo hfFr
hLjgs}clj:d/0fLo If0fsf ?kdf /x] ub{ }clg cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO{lukm\6sf]
k8\tfn ;s]/ nfddf a:bf k|bz{gL
. ToxfF vrfvr el/Psf ko{6sx?n] ?kdf lsGg cfu|x ub{ }. pNn]vgLo
xn leq l5g{cft'/ cjnf]sg
To; 7fpFsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{k|i6ofpFYof] . laqmLn] xf]nf k6fofsf Kofs]h 6'/df
stf{x?df ljb]zL cg'xf/ a9L
:sfO 8fOleª, :s'6/ af]6 / clS;hg of] g5'6fpg] 7fpF /x]5 . of] ;/sf/L
g}b]lvGy] .
df:s nufP/ ;d'Gb| kL+3sf] cjnf]sg :jfldTjsf] ePklg o;sf] Joj:yfkg xfdL z'?df pb3f6g ;qdf
ug{ 'sf] 5'§};fxl;s dHhf lyof] s'g} gLlh ;+:yf eGbf sd lyPg . efu lng] dg;fon] xnsf] vf]hLdf
logLx?sf] /f]df~rsf/L cg'ej d]/f] cfkm\gf u|fxsx?nfO{z'?df x'G5f}. s]xLa]/ vf]h va/ u/]kl5
df;k6ndf /lx/x] . ljZjs}7"nf] p T v g g s f \ h L j G t b [ Z o x ? gkTofpg] Pp6f ;fgf] xnlg/ cf} +nf
dflgPsf] g'ª gf]s{uf8{]g leq b]vfpFb}dfgl;s k|efjn] tof/ ug{ ] ;f]em\ofO lbP . ToxfF k'u]/ ;f]Wbf s]jn
l5bf{xfQLsf ljleGg v]nx? o;sf] ahf/ k|j4{g ljlw cfwf 306f hltsf] sfo{qmd lyof]
dgf]/~hgk"0f{dfq xf]Og, aLraLrdf dnfO{k|efjsf/L nfUof] . Psl5g cufl8 g};lsof] eg] . cxf] Û
lha|f] 6f]Sg'kg{ ] vfnsf cfZro{hgs
klg lyP . To:t}ToxfFsf] :yfgLo k6fofaf6 xfdLx? a}Ís
&%) j6f :6n /x]sf], k|To]s lbg
k/Dk/fut yfO{g[To Pj+ k|l;4 tkm{nfU5f} + . Hj]n/L d]nf cfof]hs
nfvf}+ bz{sx? cfpg] d]nfsf]
cNsfhf/ 8fG; zf] x]bf{ }hfFbf k6fof ;ldltn] xfdLnfO{kfFrtf/] xf]6n
pb\3f6g olt ;fwf/0f dnfO{crDd
a;fO{sf] 8]9 lbg lah'nL a]udf Nof08dfs{df af;:yfg ldnfPsf]
nfUof] . pgLx?n] pb\3f6g eGbf klg
ljt]sf] lyof] .
/x]5 . zx/sf] d'Vo ko{6sLo If]q
d]nfsf] k|rf/ Pj+ ;kmn
;'v'lDjt ahf/df cjl:yt of]
;~rfngnfO{k|fyldstf lbPsf] k|:6}
k6fof a;fO{ + qmddf h]D; xf]6naf6 a}Íssf] d'Vo zlkË ahf/
a'lemGYof], h'g xfdLsxfF eGbf leGg
Uofn/L k6fofsf] lg/LIf0f klg u¥of} +, l;nf]d / k|f6'gfd ;8s s]jn k}bn
lyof] . xfdLsxfF d]nfeGbf d'Vo
o;nfO{ljZjs}7"nf] Hj]n/L k;n egL b"/Ldf /x]5g, h;n] w]/};lhnf] agfof]
cltlysf] 5gf]6n] ldl8ofdf :yfg
g]uf]l;8f !*
:j0f{ bk{0f

hfgsf/L
kfpg] u5{ / ;s] d'Vo cltlyn] dfq ;DaGw bl/nf] ub{ }hfg'kg{ ] atfP . yfO{h]d P08 Hj]n/L Pzf]l;ogsf
klg cfkm\gf] dGtJodf cfwf 306f ;fy}o; k|of]hgsf]nflu ;dsIfL tTsflng cWoIf kf]g{rfO{r'
;do vr{G5g\ .
yfO{k|ltlglw d08nnfO{ oyf;So
To;kl5 Rofn]Gh/ ejgdf l56f] g]kfn e|d0fsf] lgDtf] lbof] .
/x]sf] d]nfsf] ;Dks{sfof{nodf k'U5f} +,
cfof]hs kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{e]6\g . cltlyx?sf] nflu cfof]lht
d]nf :yndf g}cltlyx?sf] nflu nGrdf ;xefuL ePkl5 g]kfnL
agfOPsf] naLdf yfO{h]d P08 Hj]n/L k|ltlglw d08n d]nfsf] cjnf]sg
Pzf]l;ogdf cWoIf lerfO tkm{nfUof} + . d]nfnfO{tLga6f sIff
c : ; / f ; s f ] g { n u f o t c G o ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . Rofn]Gh/ !
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu e]6aftf{eof] . df rfFbLsf] u/uxgf / sd d"Nosf
yfO{Pzf]l;ogsf pklgb{ ]zs ;fdfO km];g u/uxgfsf] afx'Notf lyof] .
tf]sf/g / kbflwsf/L csa/ cnL Rofn]Gh/ @ df ljb]zL k|b{zgstf{/
;fa'bLgn] g]kfnsf] Hj]n/L ahf/ Pj+ ;'gsf uxgfsf] afx'Notf lyof] eg]
;'grfFbL ;+3sf] ultljlwaf/] cfkm\gf] Rofn]Gh/ # lsdlt tyf cw{lsdlt
lh1f;fx? /fv] .
kTy/ -h]d:6f]g_, ;'grfFbL u/uxgf
agfpg k|of]u x'g] Hofjn ;fdu|L,
To;kl5 ck/fGx lt/ $$ d]l;g cf}hf/x?, Hj]n/L k;nsf]
cf} + a} +Ís Hj]n/L d]nf cfof]hs ;'/Iff k|ljlw ;DaGwL :6n, Hj]n/L
;ldltsf cWoIf ;f]drfO pTkfbg / laqmL ljt/0fsf nflu
k m f ] g { l r G b f / s n u f o t pkof]uL kl5Nnf] k':tfsf] ;km\6j]o/
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu Pp6f a}7s sIfdf cflb lyP .
cf}krfl/s 5nkmn z'? eof] .
sfo{qmddf dfofsf] lrgf] cfbfg naLdf d]nfsf] ;x cfof]hs
k|bfg eP . pQm a}7sdf d]nf
yfO{lgsf;L k|a4{g ;ldlt / GIA,
cfof]hs ;ldltsf cWoIfn] clt sd
ljsl;t /fi6«nfO{ Hj]n/L ljsf;df
AIGS, h]df]kf]ln; 6« ]lgª :s"n h:tf
;3fpg] cfk\mgf] ;+:yfsf] gLlt cg'?k h]d:6f]g tyf u/uxgf ;DaGwL
o;kfnL klg clk|msg b]zx?n] k9fpg] gfdL sn]hx?sf] :6n lyP .
;x'lnot b/df :6n kfO/x]sf] pNn]v k|bz{gLdf b]lvPsf] 8fod08 Hj]n/L
uGf{ 'eof] . g]kfnn] dfu u/]df l5d]sL :6ndf ePsf] eL8ef8n] uxgf
b]zsf] gftfn] of] v'zLsf] If0f x'g] p k e f ] Q m f s f ] g o f F k ' : t f
atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] g]kfnsf] Hj]n/L o;tkm{cfslif{t ePsf] ;+s]6 ub{Yof] .
ljsf;df yfOn}08n] ljsf; u/]sf] ToxfF pknAw u/uxgfsf] l8hfOg,
k|ljlw Pj+ o;sf] cg'ej kmnbfoL x'g] sfnLu9L b]Vbf o;df cTofw'lgs
ljZjf; JoQm ug{ 'eof] . g]kfnL sDo"6/ -u|flkms_ l8hfOg / n]h/
k|ltlglw d08nn] g]kfndf Hj]n/L k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ePsf] b]lvG5
d]nf cfof]hgfsf] nflu ;3fpg . k|ljlw lx;fan] g]kfnL x:tlgld{t
cg'/f]w u¥of] . ;fy}tflnd sfo{qmdsf] u/uxgf of] eGbf lgs} 6f9f /x]sf]
cfbfg k|bfg, Jofkf/Ls cfbfg k|bfg, ePklg l8hfOgsf lx;fan] g]kfnL
Pj+ ;xsfo{ub{ } b'O{;+:yf aLrsf] u/uxgf klg nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 .
utjif{of] d]nfsf] o:t}e]6÷5nkmndf
g]uf]l;8f !(
:j0f{ bk{0f

ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf b]Vg ;lsG5 hxfF
kTy/ sl6ª , Hj]n/L pTkfbgb]lv
Hj]n/L lgof{t;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{k|lqmof
Pp6}5fgf d'lgaf6 x'G5, cfjZos
a} +lͪ / ;/sf/L k|lqmofsf] ;'ljwf klg
ToxL leqaf6 l56f] ;] l56f] ;DkGg
x'G5 . o;af6 yfO{Hj]n/L If]q
lgof{tsf] kmf:6 6«ofsdf /x]sf]
lgSof{ ]n ug{s'g}b'ljwf x'Fb}g
. jf:tjdf
o:t} k|of;n] ubf{Hj]n/L If]qaf6
yfO{u|fx:y pTkfbg -GDP_ df kfrf} +
pRr of]ubfg lbO cfPsf] 5 .
$$ cf} + ;+:s/0fsf] a} +ss h]d P08
Hj]n/L d]nf klg dnfO{;/sf/ / gLlh
If]qsf] /fd|f] ;dGjosf/L k|:t'lt
h:tf] nfUof] . o;df yfO{;/sf/sf
lgof{t k|j4{g ;ldlt / gLlh If]qsf]
yfO{ h]d P08 Hj]n/L Pzf]l;P;g
b'j}sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgf /x]sf] lyof] .
ljut b'O{b;s leq
yfOn}08nfO{Hj]n/L xasf] ?kdf
ljsf; ug{yfOn}08 ;/sf/n] gLlh
If]q;Fu ldn]/ u/]sf] Hj]n/L
If]qnfO{cfjZos dfgj ;+zfwgsf]
ljsf; ljz]if u/L l8hfOg /
cg';Gwfgdf vg{ ]sf] ;don] clxn]
plrt k|ltkmn lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
h]xf];\yfO{Hj]n/L Pzf]l;o;g;Fusf]
;befjgf ;DaGwnfO{cem bl/nf]
kfb{ }ToxfFsf] cg'eaaf6 g]kfnn] of]
I f ] q s f ] l j s f ; d f c e m
w]/}pknlAwd"ns sfo{x? ug{;Sg]5
eGg] ljZjf; lng ;lsG5 . d]nf
cjnf]sgsf] axfgfdf g}ePklg
;dsIfL yfO{kbflwsf/Lx?;Fusf]
ljrf/ k|bfgn] ;DaGwsf] goFf ;]t'
tof/ ePsf]df b'O{dt x'g ;Qm}g .
xfdLn] @ lbgsf] cjlwdf
d]nfsf] ;Dk"0f{:6n jf of] ;Fu
hf]l8Psf] kIfnfO{lgofNg t ;s]gf}
tyflk g]kfnL Hj]n/L ahf/sf] nflu
;+:yfut ?kdf s]xL ug{;S5f} + eg]
k"0f{cfTdljZjf; eg] lnP/ kmSof} {
uf]N8]g Kofn];, Pd/fN8 a'Wb / l8«d
jN8{;Fu}Hj]n/L d]nfsf clj:d/0fLo
;Demgfx?nfO{ :fFufNb}.
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
x'nf; ;fn'+v]
j6', sf7df8f} +
g]uf]l;8f @)
hfgsf/L
:j0f{ bk{0f

cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7 e"ld M
hfgsf/L
Gf]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
cfGbf]ng @)^& sf] l;+xfjnf]sg
@%)) ;b:o ;+Vof /x]sf] g]kfn ;'grfFbL
Joj;foL ;+3 o; Joj:yfaf6 cfxt x'g
k'Uof] .
ljutdf g]kfnL ahf/df ;'gsf]
df}li s gLlt @)^& df ;d]t g]kfn
cfk"lt{v'Nnf cfoft -cf]lhPn Joj:yf_ tyf
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] l;kmfl/;df
ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] leml6u'06f Joj:yf
Joj;foLx?nfO{;d]t ;'grfFbL cfoft ug{lbg]
cfs[lt Nofpg] ;'gaf6 x'g] ub{Yof] . o;af6
k|ltj4tf hgfO ;s]sf] cj:yfdf jt{dfg
tTsfnLg dfu k|lt lbg @% s]=hL= sf] ;xh
J o j : y f n ] ; + 3 d f c f j 4
cfk"lt{k|lqmofut ?kdf g}x'g] ub{Yof] .
Joj;foLx?nfO{cfcfkm\gf] Joj;fo ;'rf?
kl5 @)^$ ;fndf leml6u'06f 1fgsfhL -;Tsf/_ zfSo Ufl//fVgsf] nflu ;'g cfk"lt{sf] ljs/fn
Joj:yfdf s8fO u/L JolQmut k|of]u eg]/
;d:of l;h{gf eof] .
#%) u| |fddf emf/]kl5 o;af6 cfk"lt{x'g] l;kmfl/zdf yf]s ljqm]tfx?nfO{ %÷% lsnf]sf]
cj:yf /x]g . o; Joj:yfdf ljb]zL d'i fsf] b/n] ljqmL ug{ ] k|jwfg ldnfOof] . ;+3df cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o M
hf]xf] JolQmsf] ljb]zL sdfOaf6 x'g] ePsf]n] cfj4 @# hgf Pzf]l;o6 ;b:ox?n] tTsfn ljsl;t c;xh
/fi6« a} +ssf] a}b]lzs d'i f ;+lrltdf bjfj kg{ ] cfnf]kfnf] lzkmfl/; k|fKt u/] . k|To]s jftfj/0fdf ;+3n] afWo eP/ lgDg wf/0ff /
lyPg . ;fy} @)^$ ;fn d} OGL sf] gofF Pzf]l;o6 ;b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f If]q tf]sL c8fg cufl8 ;fb{ } cfGbf]ng @)^& sf] 3f]if0ff
Joj:yfaf6 v'Nnf cfoft ug{lb+bf 7"nf] a} +saf6 k|fKt ;'g ljt/0f ug{ ] Joj:yf u¥of] .
kl/df0fdf k}7f/L eO{ ;/sf/sf] ;f]wgfGt/ 3f6f ldnfOof] . h; cg';f/ cfkm\gf] ;+3sf] cnfjf
@$ cj{ xf/fxf/L k'Ug uof] . of] 3f6fnfO{ uf]N8 sDkgLn] g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf Joj;foL g]uf]l;8fsf] wf/0ff / c8fg M
;dfof]hg ug{ ] gfddf ;/sf/n] kl/0ffdsf] s'g} ;+3sf ;b:ox? / /]Daf] OG6/g]zgn / l/l4 s_ xfn ahf/df ;'gsf] Jofkf/ Joj;fodf
ljrf/ g} gu/L PSsf;L @)^^ df3 ! af6 ;'g l;4L Hj]n;{sDkgLnfO{ /Tg cfe"if0f ;+3sf b]lvPsf] c:tJo:ttfsf] k|d'v sf/0f b}lgs
cfoft g} aGb u¥of] . o;af6 Joj;fo ;'rf? ;b:ox?nfO{ ;d]t ;'g ljt/0fsf] lhDdf #% lsnf] ;'g cfjZos ePsf]df !) lsnf] dfq
Ufg{ lgs} s7Lg ePsf]n] ;'grfFbL Joj;foLx? lbOPsf] lyof] . o;/L ul/Psf] ljt/0f sfo{df x'g' xf] . Go"gtd @) lsnf] cfk'lt{x'g' k5{eGg]
Dfdf{xt x'gk'u] . Jofks dfusf] kmfObf p7fpFb} tLhkj{ glhls+b} uPkl5 dfusf] t'ngfdf dfu
cfk"lt{ lgs} sd ePsf] k|:6 b]lvof] .
v_ pQm !) lsnf] ;'gaf6 cGo ;+3nfO{ klg
ub{ } ;Ldfkfl/af6 sd;n u'0f:t/sf ;'g rf]/L
k}7f/L z'? eof] h;af6 ;/sf/n] k|To]s lbg otf g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf l;kmfl/;sf] clwsf/ lbP/ afF8kmfF8 u/L lbFbf+
?= @$ nfv eGbf al9sf] /fh:j u'dfof] . Joj;foL ;+3 tyf /Tg cfe"if0f ;+3n] sd ;b:o;+Vof ePsf] ;+3nfO{ a9L ;'g / w]/}
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] cg'/f]wdf ljBdfg ljt/0f k|0ffnLaf6 cfkm"x?n] ;'g g} ;b:o;+Vof ePsf] ;+3nfO{ yf]/} ;'g
;/sf/af6 XofG8Sof/Laf6 ;Lldt kl/df0fdf k|fKt ug{g;s]sf] axfgf ub{ } h'g af:tjdf ;lx kg{uPsf]n] g]uf]l;8fn] cfkm\gf] dftxftdf
;'grfFbL cfoft v'Nnf ul/of] @)^^ df3 @@ lyPg_ /fi6« a} +sdf kqfrf/ u/] / 8]lnu]zg /x]sf Joj;foL ;b:ox?nfO{ ;'g ljt/0fdf
b]lv kmfu'0f @& ;Dd . o;af6 ;d]t uP . o;kl5 l;kmfl/; clwsf/sf] nflu Gofo lbg g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] x'gfn]
Joj;foLx?nfO{ s]xL ePklg /fxt ePsf] ljjfb z'? eof] . o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu Tof] ljt/0fn] cfjZostfsf] Go"g c+z klg
cj:yfnfO{ pN6fpFb} o;nfO{ aGb u/L g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3n] ;+3sf] sf]6fdf k'tL{x'g g;Sg] ;'g a} +saf6 gp7fpg] / ;'g
jfl0fHo a} +sx?nfO{ dfq Psflwsf/ lbO vf;}c;/ gkg{ ] u/L cfk"lt{ a9fO{ ;f]xL cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf b/efp klg
k|ltlbg !) s]=hL= ;'g cfoft ug{lbg] ;Ldf l;kmfl/; clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;'emfPsf]df gtf]Sg] lg0f{o ePsf] .
tf]lsof] . o;/L ;'gsf] d"Nodf a} +ssf] gfkmfsf] ljb]zL d'i f ;+lrltsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] sf/0f
u_ ahf/df k|lt tf]nf %))÷ b]lv !,))) ÷
Ps tx ylk+bf pkef]Qmf d"Noj[l4 eO{ b]vfO /fi6« a} +saf6 l:jsf/ ul/Pg . of]
;Dd al9 d"No /fv]/ ;'g laqmL ljt/0f ul/
c;Gtf]if b]vf k¥of] .
ljifodf # j6f ;+3 Psn lg0f{odf k'Ug
/fv]sf] 5 pkef]Qmf 7uLPsf] cj:yf 5
of] Joj:yf cGtu{t & j6f g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfpFb} /fi6« a} +sn] kl/kq g+=
c:tJo:ttf 5fPsf] 5 . l;dfkfl/af6
jfl0fHo a} +sx? qmdzM !_ Pg=cfO=l;=, @_ %$# hf/L ub{ } b}lgs !) s]=hL= ;'g ljt/0fsf]
u'0f:t/xLg ;'gsf] cfPsf] / hyfefjL d"No
:6f088{rf6{8{, #_ df5fk'R5« ] , $_ k|fOd , %_ tLgj6} ;+3nfO{ efua08f u/] . s/La *)
lt/]/ Joj;foLx? cfkm\g] Joj;fo rnfpg
a} +s ckm sf7df08' ^_ glan &_ Pg=Pd=aL= hgf ;b:o ;+Vof xf/fxf/L /x]sf] /Tg cfe"if0f
afWo 5g\. of] x'g'df /fi6« a} +ssf] unt
Af} +sn] a} +s;{ Pzf]lzogsf] l;kml/zdf ;'g ;+3 / s/La @%) ;b:o /x]sf] g]kfn ;'grfFbL
lg0f{osf] e'ldsf /x]sf] 5 .
cfoft u/L g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] snf Joj;foL ;+3nfO{ /fxt k'u]klg s/La
g]uf]l;8f @!
:j0f{ bk{0f

hfgsf/L
]
] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
] ]
]
] ]
3_ ;'g lsGg kfpg' ;j{;fwf/0fsf] df}lns
clwsf/sf] s'/f] xf] o;df s'l07t ePsf] 5
eGg] ;+3sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . To:t}Jofkf/
Joj;fo u/]/ vfg kfpg'kg{ pgLx?sf] g};lu{s
clwsf/ xf] . sRrf kbfy{pknAw u/fpg
dfu{k|z:t ug{ ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf] o;df
s'l07t ePsf] 5 xfdL o;sf] lj/f]w u5f{ }.
s'g}cfwf/ / ;+Defjgf gePsf]n] lj/f]w :j?k
cfGbf]ngdf hfg' kg{ lg0f{o u¥of] . h;
cg';f/ ca pk|fGt ;+3tf ;'grfFbLsf] d"No
lgwf{0f gug{ / ;'grfFbL k;nklg aGb ug{
lg0f{o eof] . / g]kfn /fi6« a} +ssf
ue{g/nfO{1fkgkq a'emfpg] lg0f{o eof] .
ljsl;t 36gf qmdsf] g]kfn
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3n] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo
;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
k|ltj4tf o; k|sf/ /Xof]
ª_ /fi6« a} +sn] tf]s]sf] sf]6fnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{dfq ;+3n] lhDdf lnPsf] xf] To;}nfO{
nlIft u/L s;}af6 if8oGq x'G5 eg] Tof]
dxf;+3nfO{hfgsf/L u/fP kZrft dxf;+3af6
P]Soj4tf k|s6 ub{ }cfGbf]ng k|lt ;dy{g
lyof] .
l;kml/; clwsf/ xfdLnfO{rflxFb}g
v'Nnfahf/sf] cy{tGq cg'?k ;a} ;'grfFbL
Joj;foLx?nfO{ cfjZos dfqfdf ;'g k|fKt
x'g' k5{eGg] xfd|f] dfu xf] .
lj/f]w h'n';sf] cfof]hgf
@)^& ebf} & ut] sfe| ;lxt
pkTosfsf lhNnf zfvfsf] ;lqmotfdf df}g
lj/f]w h'n';sf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . cfcfkm\gf]
r_ g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3n] ckgfPsf]
ljt/0f k|f0ffnLsf] oyf{y hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
/fi6« a} +snfO{ laqmL kl/df0f, kfg g+=, kmf]g,
vl/bstf{, Joj;foLsf] gfd, kmd{sf] gfd, cfbL
O{TofbL ;fdu|Lx? ;dfj]z ePsf] lj:t[t
ljj/0f kmfOn pknAw u/fOPsf] .
Kn]sf8{ / Jofg/ ;lxt lg:s]sf] tLg;o eGbf
j9L ;xefuL h'n'; h'4 ;flns, Go"/f]8af6
aL/ c:ktfn, dxfaf}4 rf]s;Dd kl/qmdf
u/]sf] lyof] . To; kZrft ;xefuLx? g]kfn
/fi6« a} +s afn'jf6f/ k'uL To;sf] k|j]z4f/df
wgf{a;]sf] lyof] . s]lGb|o cWoIf nufot
kbflwsf/LHo"x? / h'n';sf ;xefuL
5_ /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf gofF gLlt th'{df
ubf{;DalGwt ljifox?df o; ;+3n]
dxTjk"0f{/fo ;'emfj lbg] sfo{ u/L cfPsf]df
To;sf] ;xL d'NofÍg geO{ kIfkftk"0f{
Jojxf/ /fi6« a} +saf6 ePsf] dx;'; ;+3n]
u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a} +ssf] kl/kq %$#
nfO{cfwf/ dfg]/ sfd ubf{ g]kfn ;'grfFbL
Joj;foL ;+3n] k|ltlbg k|lt ;b:o @% nfn,
g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf Joj;foL ;+3n] k|lt
;b:o *) nfn / g]kfn /Tg cfe"if0f ;+3n]
k|lt ;b:o !^) nfn k|fKt ug{ b]lvof]
h;nfO{ Gofo;+ut dfGg ;lsg] s'g}cfwf/
sf7df08f} +, nlntk'/, eQmk'/ / sfe| lhNnf
zfvf cWoIf ;d]t * hgfsf] 6f]nL 1fkgkq
a'emfpg ue{g/sf] sfo{sIfdf hfg' ePsf] lyof]
. / jxfFx? gkms{ ;Dd wgf{sfo{qmd ;'rf?
/x]sf] lyof] .
1fkg kqdf # pNn]lvt k|d'v
dfux? o; k|sf/ lyP
s_ kl/kq %$# sf] lgb{ ]lzsf cJofjxfl/s /
c;fdlos /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;f] Joj:yf tTsfn
vf/]h x'g' kg{
v_ jt{dfg ;'gsf]dfu #% lsnf] /x]sf]n] jt{df
!) lsnf]sf] Joj:yf clt Go"g ePsfn]
@) lsnf] k'¥ofO{;xh cfk"lt{Joj:yf oyfl;3|
ldnfpg' kg{
/x]g . o; afx]s klg pQm kl/kqn] a} +saf6
k|fKt ;'g uxgf agfO laqmL ePsf] k|df0f k]z
u/]/ dfq csf{ lsGg kfpg] k|fjwfg /fv]sf] xF'bf
o;n] Jojxfl/s sl7gfO x'g] eof] lsgeg]
tof/L agfPsf jf c8{/ lnPsf ;a}u/uxgf !
;f] ;DaGwdf ue{g/Ho"sf] hjfkm o;k|sf/
/Xof]
s_ kl/kq %$# sf] lgb{ ]lzsf tTsfn vf/]h
x'g g;Sg]
v_ cGo ;+3x?af6 km/s ljjflbt s'/fx?
xKtf leq laqmL x'g] jf a'em]/ nfg] k"0f{;+efjgf cfPsf] x'gfn] ;f] ;dfwfgsf] nflu g]kfn
/xGg o;n] Joj;fo g} ;'rf? /fVg las/fn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] kxndf ;xdlt u/]/
;d:of pTkGg x'g] eof] .
ldlt @)^&÷)%÷)% df a;]sf]
cfPdf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;lhnf] x'g]
u_ ebf}!) ut] laxLaf/ a:g] /fi6« a} +ssf]
pkTosf / sfe| u/L $ zfvf ;lxtsf] af]8{a}7sn] 1fkg kqsf] dfunfO{;Daf]wg ug{
cfsl:ds a}7sn] o; af/] lj:t[t 5nkmn
u/L cGo lhNnf zfvfaf6 klg /fo ;+sng
u/L /fi6« a} +ssf] kl/kq %$# cg';f/ ;'g p7fO{
;+3sf ;b:ox?n] Joj;fo ;'rf? ug{;lsg]
cfZjf;g
3_ tTsfn ;'grfFbL k;n aGb sfo{qmd
lkmtf{lng cfu|x
g]uf]l;8f @@
:j0f{ bk{0f

cfoft x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . tyflk /fi6« a} +sn]
k'/fg} kl/df0ffTds aGb]h nfu" ub{ } ;'gsf] cfoft
ug{lbg] / rfFbLsf] xsdf v'Nnf cfoft ug{lbg]
gLltut lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}rfn' Joj:yfdf
k|To]s ! dlxgfdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ] h'g lg0f{o
ePsf] 5 Tof] Jofjxfl/s 5 .
pk;+xf/ M af:tjdf clxn] klg
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 cfGbf]ng r/0fd}
/x]sf] 5, o;n] kl/l:yltsf] d"NofÍg ub{ } :yug
dfq u/]sf] xf] . g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] P]Soj4tf / g]kfn pBf]u
jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{, g]kfn
x:tsnf dxf;+3 nufot z'e]R5'sx?sf] ;dy{g
/ ;xof]un] ;'grfFbL Joj;fo ;~rfngsf]
;xh jftfj/0f gag];Dd cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ng
hf/L /fVg' kg{ ] b]lvG5 .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
cg'k dfemL
ag]kf–(, sfe| ]
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g]uf]l;8f @#
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sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
xf¿ dfOtL
ag]kf–(, sfe| ]
df]=M (*$!#))$%#
ljgf /;fogsf gofF l;qmL Pjd\ tf/kftf l8hfOgsf uxgf xf]n;]n Hofnfdf
tof/ ug'{k/]df
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Oltxf; d} klxnf] kN6 cGt/{fli6«o If]qdf st}klg cK7\of/f] / c;lhnf]sf] dx;";
;xeflutfsf] ?kdf nlntk'/ zfvfn] g}geO{cfˆg}b]z g]kfn d}al;/x]sf] efg
;fs{6« ]8 km]o/ @))( e"6fgdf @ j6f xfdLnfO{x'GYof] . hxfFtlx+ km/flsnf
:6ndf cfˆgf] ;'grfFlbsf] af6fx?, jftfj/0f k|lt ;r]t, lgod
pTkfbgnfO{/fvL cfˆgf] pkl:ylt hgfpg] sfg"gdf ljz]if ;ts{tf, Pp6}kf}/fl0fs
sfo{;DkGg eof] . uPsf] ldlt @)^^ efb| lsl;dsf 3/x? e"6fgsf cfsif{s
@# ut] b]lv @( ut];Dd e"6fgsf] /fhwfgL ljifox? x'g\.
lyDk"df ;fs{/fi6«sf ef/t, >Ln+sf, k|bz{gL z'? x'g' ! lbg cufl8
aËnfb]z, kfls:tfg, g]kfn / e"6fg dfq xfdL k'u]sf] x'gfn] ef]lnkN6 ;a]/}
nufotsf b]zx?n] ;f] Jofkfl/s d]nfdf xfdL k|bz{gL :yndf k'u]/ cfˆgf] :6n
;xeflutf hgfOPsf] lyof] . ePsf] 7fpFdf k'u]/ :6nsf]
pQm ;fs{6« ]8 km]o/df o; Decoration b]lv lnP/ ;fdfgx?
nlntk'/ zfvfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf * Display ug{df 6f]lnsf cf7}hgf
hgf kbflwsf/Lju{x? qmdzM cWoIf >L ;b:ox? Jo:t eof} + . ;f] sf/0fn]
?k s'df/ zfSo, jt{dfg k|yd pkffWoIf pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf lgDtf] ePtfklg ;f]
>L ls/0f efO{ah|frfo{, ;lrj df]ltdfg ;efdf xfdL pkl:yt x'g ;s]g t/ xfdL
zfSo, sf]iffWoIf >L lah]Gb| ah|frfo{, pQm :6ndf e"6fgLjf;Lx?sf] cfudgn]
;x;lrj >L ;'ljg ah|frfo{, ;xsf]iffWoIf lgSs}pT;flxt Pj+ k|f]T;flxt ePsf lyof} + .
>L lu/]Gb| zfSo, sfo{;lddltsf ;b:oåo cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] klxnf] k|bz{gL
>L lx/fsfhL zfSo / 6]s /Tg To;dfly pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf /
ah|frfo{Ho"sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] ;'grfFlbsf ;fdfu|Lx?df pgLx?sf]
km]o/df nlntk'/ zfvfsf] tkm{af6 lh1f;fn] xfdL ;a};fdfgsf] af/]df
k/Dk/fut ;'g tyf rfFlbsf u/uxgfx? ;Demfpg, a'emfpg / lalqm ug{df Jo:t
k"hfdf k|of]u x'g] ;'grfFlbsf ;fdflu+ |x?, eof} + . k|foM k|bz{gLsf] $ lbg g}xfdL Jo:t
Hj]n/Lsf ;fdfgx?, ltAa]tg af}4 wd{df g}eof} + + . g]kfn ;'grfFlb Joj;foL ;+3sf]
k|of]u x'g] ;'grfFlbsf ;fdfg nufot af/]df klg w]/}sf] lh1f;fnfO{ xfdLn] ;Sbf]
rfFlbsf u/uxgfx? k|bz{gdf /flvPsf] ?kdf o;n] u/]sf ulQljlw af/] k|sfz
lyof] . kfg] {sfo{;a}n] u/]sf lyP .
e"6fg Pp6f g]kfn eGbf klg ;fs{6« ]8 km]o/sf] clGtd lbg t
;fgf] t/ xfn cfP/ o;n] w]/}ljsf; Pj+ ljxfg b]lv a]n'ls;Dd g}k|bz{gL :6n
k|ult u/]sf] efg xfdLnfO{ Druk
vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] . ljz]ifu/L rfFlbsf
;;fgf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lalqm lgSs}w]/}dfqfdf
Air af6 e"6fgsf] lyDk" Airport df ePsf] xfdLn] kfPF . ;'gs};fdfgsf] xsdf
k'Ubf b]lv g} dxz'; ePsf] lyof] . w]/}n] lh1f;f /fv]tfklg k|foM 7"nf] s'g}
k/Dk/fut af}4wd{sf] z}nLdf u'Djfsf] klg ;fdfg lalqm eg] ug{;s]g . t/ Pp6f
cfsf/df Airport sf] ejgx?sf] v'zLsf] s'/f cGt/fli6«o If]qdf ;xeflutf
hgfO ;s]sf cGo b]zsf k|ltlglwx? Pj+
lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . dflg;x? klg k|foM
:j0f{ bk{0f

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g]kfn ;'grfFlb Joj;fo ;+3sf] k|ult u/]sf] efg xfdLnfO{Druk Air af6 eof} + . k|foM k|bz{gLsf] $ lbg g}xfdL Jo:t
Oltxf; d}klxnf] kN6 cGt/fli6«o If]qdf e"6fgsf] lyDk" Airport df k'Ubf b]lv g}eof} + + . g]kfn ;'grfFlb Joj;foL ;+3sf]
;xeflutfsf] ?kdf nlntk'/ zfvfn] g}dxz'; ePsf] lyof] . k/Dk/fut af/]df klg w]/}sf] lh1f;fnfO{ xfdLn] ;Sbf]
;fs{6« ]8 km]o/ @))( e"6fgdf @ j6f af}4wd{sf] z}lndf u'Djfsf] cfsf/df ?kdf o;n] u/]sf ulQljlw af/] k|sfz
:6ndf cfˆgf] ;'grfFlbsf] Airport sf] ejgx?sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] kfg] {sfo{;a}n] u/]sf lyP .
pTkfbgnfO{/fvL cfˆgf] pkl:ylt hgfpg] lyof] . dflg;x? klg k|foM ;a}h;f]n] ;fs{6« ]8 km]o/sf] clGtd lbg t
sfo{;DkGg eof] . uPsf] ldlt @)^^ efb| g]kfln efiff ;lhn}af]Ng ;Sg] x'gfn] ljxfg b]lv a]n'ls;Dd g}k|bz{gL :6n
@# ut] b]lv @( ut];Dd e"6fgsf] /fhwfgL h'g;'s} 7fpFx?df xfdL hfFbf klg slx vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] . ljz]ifu/L rfFlbsf
lyDk"df ;fs{/fi6«sf ef/t, >Ln+sf, st}klg cK7\of/f] / c;lhnf]sf] dx;"; ;;fgf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lalqm lgSs}w]/}dfqfdf
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nufotsf b]zx?n] ;f] Jofkfl/s d]nfdf xfdLnfO{x'GYof] . hxfFtlx+ km/flsnf w]/}n] lh1f;f /fv]tfklg k|foM 7"nf] s'g}
;xeflutf hgfOPsf] lyof] . af6fx?, jftfj/0f k|lt ;r]t, lgod klg ;fdfg lalqm eg] ug{;s]g . t/ Pp6f
pQm ;fs{6« ]8 km]o/df o; sfg"gdf ljz]if ;ts{tf, Pp6}kf}/fl0fs v'zLsf] s'/f cGt/fli6«o If]qdf ;xeflutf
nlntk'/ zfvfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf * lsl;dsf 3/x? e"6fgsf cfsif{s hgfO ;s]sf cGo b]zsf k|ltlglwx? Pj+
hgf kbflwsf/Lju{x? qmdzM cWoIf >L ljifox? x'g\.
g]kfns}k|ltl:yt Exporter x?n]
?k s'df/ zfSo, jt{dfg k|yd pkffWoIf k|bz{gL z'? x'g' ! lbg cufl8 ;d]t g]kfn ;'grfFlb Joj;foL ;+3
>L ls/0f efO{ah|frfo{, ;lrj df]ltdfg dfq xfdL k'u]sf] x'gfn] ef]lnkN6 ;a]/} nlntk'/ zfvfn] NofPsf ;'gsf kf}/fl0fs
zfSo, sf]iffWoIf >L lah]Gb| ah|frfo{, xfdL k|bz{gL :yndf k'u]/ cfˆgf] :6n u/uxgfx? / rfFlbsf k'/fgf df}lns
;x;lrj >L ;'ljg ah|frfo{, ;xsf]iffWoIf ePsf] 7fpFdf k'u]/ :6nsf] u/uxgfx? b]v]/ w]/}k|efljt e}xfn;Dd
>L lu/]Gb| zfSo, sfo{;lddltsf ;b:oåo Decoration b]lv lnP/ ;fdfgx? klg cGo b]zx?df ;xeflutfsf] nfuL
>L lx/fsfhL zfSo / 6]s /Tg Display ug{df 6f]lnsf cf7}hgf lgDtf] qmdzM cfO g} /x]sf] s'/f xfd|f] nfuL
ah|frfo{Ho"sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] ;b:ox? Jo:t eof} + . ;f] sf/0fn] w]/}v'zLsf] s'/f x'g uPsf] 5 . k|bz{gLsf]
km]o/df nlntk'/ zfvfsf] tkm{af6 pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf lgDtf] ePtfklg ;f] clGtd lbg xfdL ;a} /ftL;Dd klg Jo:t
k/Dk/fut ;'g tyf rfFlbsf u/uxgfx? ;efdf xfdL pkl:yt x'g ;s]g t/ xfdL g}eP / ;f] lbg e"6fg ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
k"hfdf k|of]u x'g] ;'grfFlbsf ;fdflu+ |x?, pQm :6ndf e"6fgLjf;Lx?sf] cfudgn] ;a}nfO{/fqL ef]hsf] Joj:yf ePsf]n] xfdL
Hj]n/Lsf ;fdfgx?, ltAa]tg af}4 wd{df lgSs}pT;flxt Pj+ k|f]T;flxt ePsf lyof} + . ;a}pt};fs{/fi6«sf ;a};+u e]63f6
k|of]u x'g] ;'grfFlbsf ;fdfg nufot cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] klxnf] k|bz{gL ug] {;'cjz/ klg ;f]lx /fqLef]hdf k|fKt
rfFlbsf u/uxgfx? k|bz{gdf /flvPsf] To;dfly pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf / eof] / ;f+:s[lts gfrufg ;lxt ;a}n]
lyof] . ;'grfFlbsf ;fdfu|Lx?df pgLx?sf] v'zLsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug] {df}sf ;lxt
e"6fg Pp6f g]kfn eGbf klg lh1f;fn] xfdL ;a};fdfgsf] af/]df g]kfndf e]6\g] jfrf lnP/ xfdL 5'l§of} + .
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g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
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tyf lg/+s'z zf;g ;Qfaf6 d'lQm /
;dfj]zL hgd'vL k|hftflGqs tyf
kf/bzL{zf;g Joj:yfsf] jxfnLsf] nflu
;+rfng u/]sf jiff} {nfdf] cfGbf]ngn]
@)^@ ;fn r}q @^ b]lv @)^# ;fn
a}zfv !# ut]sf] cjlwdf s]lx cln alnof]
v'8\lsnf] kf/ u/]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . Ps
r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngn] lj>fd lnPsf] 5 t/
Jojxfl/s ?kdf nIo k|fKtLsf] cfGbf]ng
eg] ca z'? ug'{kg]
{ePsf] 5 .
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clwjQmf
kfl6{x?n] ;d]6\g g;s]sf] sf/0f /
AolQmafbL tyf s]lGb|s[t /fhlgtLs eGb}ef]6 /fhlgtL / ;Qf k|fKtLsf] ul0ftLo
rl/qsf] sf/0f cw{e'dLut ?kdf /x]sf] v]n ;"? eof] . ;Qfdf a:g] /fhlglts
df`f]afbL kfl6{@)%@ ;fn kZrft k'/f kfl6{n] ef]6 /fhlgtLsf] sf/0fn]
e'dLut eO{hft, ;Dk|fbo / If]qn] s] ubf{t/fO{df a:g] jf:tlas g]kfnLsf] ;§f
rfxG5 ;f]xL rfxgf cg';f/sf] /fhlgtL ef/tLo d'nsf clwsfF; AolQmx? g]kfnL
/0flgtLsf] z"?jft u/\of] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] gful/stfsf wgL x'g k'u]sf 5g\.
d'QmLsf] gfdaf6 hfthftL, efiff, au{, If]q @)$^ ;fnsf] hg cfGbf]ngn] dfu
tyf ;d'xsf] ;xh hGdbftf x'g k'Uof] . u/]sf] laifo j:t' eGbf k[ys ?kdf cfd
au{/ hftsf] s'g};Ldf x'b}g eGg] sDo'lgi6 g]kfnLn] cfkm\gf] klxrfg ;xLtsf]
kfl6{;a}eGbf a9L au{/ hftsf] /fhlgtLs pkl:ytL zQf ;fem]bf/df x'gkg] {eGg] s'/f
gf/fnfO{cuf8L NofO{ ;+lawfg ;efsf] ;d]t @)^@÷)^# sf] hg cfGbf]ngn]
dfWofdaf6 ;Qf k|fKtLsf] xts08f agfof] dfu u/]sf] 5 . of] ;dodf cfd g]kfnLsf]
. @))& ;fn b]lv g}lta| ?kdf p7]sf] efjgf cg';f/sf] ;dfj]zL tyf hgd'vL
laifo ;+lawfg ;efsf] r'gfa nf]stflGqs Joj:yf leq s;/L
x'gkg] {dfunfO{;Qf k|fKtLsf] v]n / kf/bzL{tyf hgpQ/bfoL zf;g Joj:yf
lts8dafhLsf] sf/0f kG5fpb}cfpg] u/]sf] :yfkgf ug] {eGg] s'/f g}clxn]sf g]t[Tj
36gfnfO{df`f]afbLn] ;lhn};dfTg ;Sof] ju{;fd' v8f ePsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL / ;fdgf
. df`f]afbLx?sf] oxL gf/fn] g]skf Pdfn] ug'{kg]
{laifo ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf]
tyf g]kfnL sfFu| ]; h:tf /fhlgtLs rfxgf / cfsfFIff cg'?k ;dfj]zL
kfl6{nfO{;vfk kfg] {8/n] @)^) sf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg
bzsdf df`f]afbLsf lo / ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgdf{0f u/]sf]
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log}d'No / dfGotfsf] cfwf/df b]zdf
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b n n ] g } A o l Q m u t / Joj:yfsf] cGTo eof] oL 36gfx?nfO{ dfGotf lbg''
kg] { c8fg lnof] eg]
kfl6{lg0f{onfO{;/sf/sf] lg0f{o gofF z'?jftsf] kl/l:ylt eGg ;lsG5 . Congress n] To;nfO{ ef/tsf cGo
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j]nfot ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglw Lord
5 . b]zdf u7g ePsf] ;+lawfg ;efn] cfh b]z ;+3fTds zf;g Aoa:yfsf] Pethick Lawrence sf] pSt
agfPsf] ;+ljwfg nfu" u/L goFf ;/sf/ nfuL egL ;+lawfg ;efsf] dfWofdaf6 Mission Plan df ef/t Pp6}
u7g geP ;Ddsf] w]/}nfdf] cjlwsf] ;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf] k|s[ofdf uO{/x]sf] 5 . ;+3fTds /fHo cGtu{t /xg] t/ ltgj6f
ofqfsf] s'g}klg ;dodf /fhgLlts, sfg"gL jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf hgcfGbf]ngaf6 If]qdf -provinces_ ljeflht ul/g] s'/f
tyf ;+j}wflgs cj/f]w v8f x'g ;Sg] / cleJoQm hgefjgfsf] k|ltlglw pNn]v lyof] . h; cGtu{t Pp6f d'l:nd
o;sf] ;fdgf ug{cfjZos kg] {w]/};+:yfut ug] {/fhgLlts zlQmx? jLr ePsf] ;d'bfosf] jfx'No /x]sf] If]q csf] {
tyf sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] k"j{tof/L tyf ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df g} ;+3fTds /fHo lxGb'x?sf] jfx'No /x]sf] If]q / t]>f]
u[xsfo{ug' kg] { ca:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . Aoa:yfsf] sNkgf ul/Psf] xf] . of] s'/f d'l:nd / lxGb" b'j} ;d'bfosf] j/fj/ ;+Vof
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e};s]sf] / To;nfO{k|lt:yfkg ug] {zlQmn] s]nfpg] lhDdf s;}sf] 5}g o:tf] 3f]if0ff s] lyof] . of] of]hgf b'j}kIf Congresss /
gofF hgdt kfPsf] cj:yfnfO{g}x]/]/ gofF s'g ca:yfkl5 dfq a}wflgstf jf Muslim League n] :jlsf/]tf klg
;+lawfg lgdf{0fsf] ca:yfdf b]z u'h|L/x]sf] cf}krfl/stf k|fKt ub{5 eGg] laifo slx To; cGtu{tsf cGo s'/fx?df cfjZos
5 . Pp6f Joj:yf k"0f{?kdf c;kmn s;}n] p7fpg ;s]sf] ca:yf klg 5}g . 5nkmn gx'+bf
cGttM ef/t ljeflht eO{
eO{o;n] zlQmsf] >f]t / zf;gsf] j}wtf /fHosf lgsfox? -Aoa:yflksf, kfls:tfgsf] pbo eof] . ef/t ljefhg
u'dfO;s]sf] x'G5 / zf;g kl/kf6Lsf] gofF sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsf_ sf] :j?k / x'g'df Congress / Muslim
ljsNksf] ?kdf gofF /fhgLlts zlQm 9fFrfx? s:tf] /xg] s'g cfwf/df League n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g x'g
v8f ePsf] x'G5 / ToxL /fhlglts ;~rfng ug] {of] ue{sf] laifo g}ag]/ /x]sf] cufl8 Pp6f lglZrt uGtJosf] lgwf{/0f
zQmLn] zf;g Aoa:yf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . h:t}M Joj:yflksfsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{of] gug'{
g}k|d'v sf/0f lyof] . h;sf] c;/
x'G5 . cfh xfdL olx ca:yfaf6 Ps ;bgfTds x'g] jf b'O{;bgfTds x'g], g]kfnn] ef]Ub}g eGg ;lsGg . To;/L
u'lh|/x]sf 5f} + .
cy{tGq s'g lsl;dsf] ckgfOg], lgjf{rg g}ef/tdf ljno x'g' eGbf cufl8
gofF ;+lawfgsf] hGd ta x'G5 k|0ffnL s:tf] x'g] h:tf d'ne't s'/fx?sf] l;lSsddf klg gofF ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f p7]sf]
ha hgcfGbf]ng dfkm{t JoQm ePsf] jf/]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] gofF ;+lawfg n]Vg' lyof] . gofF ;+ljwfg jgfpg ;+ljwfg ;ef
/fhg}lts, ;fdflhs jf cfly{s cuf8L g}lg0f{o x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . gofF klg u7g ul/of] . t/ ;+ljwfg ;efdf
rfxgfnfO{tTsfn ljBdfg ;+ljwfgn] zf;g Joj:yf / kl/kf6L nufot gofF b'O}kIf n]08'k bf]h] {/ rf]Uofn jLr
;d]6\g g;Sg] x'gfn] k|To]s ;+ljwfgsf] :j?k lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]
{x'G5 . lo lvrftfgL a9\of] . gofF ;+ljwfgsf]
hgcfGbf]ngn] ljns'n gofF ;+ljwfgsf] s'g}klg laifodf gofF ;+ljwfgsf] :j?ksf] :j?ksf ;DjGwdf ;+ljwfg ;ef cufj}
dfu ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ;g\ !(!* df lgwf{/0f gePdf / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu b'O{ kIf jLr oy]i6 5nkmn / cfk;L
r]sf]:nf eflsof, x+u]/L, cli6«ofsf Pp6f uGtJo lgwf{/0f gePdf ;+ljwfg ;xdlt x'g kfPsf] lyPg . o;}sf] kl/0ffd
hgtfn] tTsfn zf;g ul/cfPsf] ;efdf cGof]nsf] l:ylt >[hgf eO{ l;lSsd ef/tdf ljno eof] . c?
;fd|fHojfbL ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotf glbO{d'St csNklgo kl/0ffd klg x'g ;St5 . o; pbfx/0fsf nflu kf]Nof08df klg
x'g' / cfkm"åf/f jgfOPsf] ;+ljwfgåf/f jf/]df cGo b]zsf] cg'ejaf6 klg s]xL ;+j}wflgs ;efdf cgfjZos dte]b ePs}
zfl;t x'g] OR5f JoSt ug'{nfO{
l;Sg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ef/tsf] sf/0fn] gofF ;+ljwfg aGg l9nfO{ePsf]
pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;g\ ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{lng ;lsG5 . j]nfot lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o tyf xfdLn] ef]uL
!**( df km|fG; tyf ;f]leot ;+3df ;/sf/sf] Cabinet mission plan cfPsf] cg'ejnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnsf] nfuL lo
zf;g ul/ cfPsf] ;/sf/nfO{ s|flGt åf/f cGtu{t tTsflng Congress kfl6{ / s'/fx? lzIff x'g]5g\.
ldNsfOof] / gofF Joj:yf cGtu{tsf] Muslim League n] ;f] ld;gnfO{
;/sf/ u7g ug] { OR5f b]vfOof] . ;g\ :jLsf/ u/L ;+ljwfg ;efdf efu lnP . t/ #_ ;+3fTds /fHo sL plrt k|ltlglwTjsf]
!(!* df hd{gLdf / !*&% tyf !($^ df gofF jGg] ;+ljwfgsf jf/]df pgLx? jLr k|Zg < M
km|fG;df eP h:t} o'4df xf/]kl5 k'/fgf] ltj| dte]b eof] . Muslim Legue n]
kfls:tfgnfO{ Pp6f 5'6} /fi6«sf ?kdf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+lawfg @)$& ;d]tn]
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lgdf{0f, o;sf] k|of]u, sfof{Gjog tyf 5 . g]kfnL efiff k7g kf7gsf nflu txdf k|ltlglwTjnfO{x]g] {xf] eg] cfzf
b]zsf] zf;g ;+rfngdf efiff, hfthftL clgjf{o ePsf]n] cGo efiff eflifsf nfUbf] kl/0ffd kfO{b}g . s]xL s]xL
tyf dlxnfx?sf] ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTjsf] ;d'bfon] o;nfO{3[0ff ug'{:jfefljs
xf] . hghfltx?sf] ljleGg kfl6{x?df
k|Zg g]kfndf w]/}klxnf b]lv rln cfPsf] 3[0ffsf] d'Vo sf/0f cfkm\gf] dft[efiff ;+nUgtf /fd| }ePtfklg l;dfGts[t tyf
laifonfO{;d]t ;d]6\g ;s]g eGg] s'/f g} x]lkPsf] 7fGg' klg xf] . g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;Dk"0f{hghftLsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;s]sf]
cfhsf] dfu xf] eGg] s'/f b]lvPsf] 5 . sltko hghftLn] nflbPsf] efiffsf] kfO{b}g . cem g]kfnL ;dfhn] blnt
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+lawfg @)^# sf] ? k d f ; d ] t l n P s f 5 g \ . hghftLsf] k|ltlglwTj k'/}lg/f;fhgs
dfWofdaf6 u7g ePsf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] ljljwtfnfO{cfkm\gf] klxrfg dfGg] /fi6«n] ePsf] tYo k|i6 5 . hjsL ltgLx?n]
lgdf{0f ug] {;+lawfgn] lo laifox?nfO{ ljljwtf s}cfwf/df cfkm\gf] /fli6«o gLlt g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofdf sl/j !% k|ltzt
;d]6]sf] x'gk5{eGg] g}cfhsf] dfu xf] . jgfpg g;Sg' Pp6f ;d:of xf] . To:t}lo lx:;f cf]u6]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
o; afx]s ;+3fTds zf;g Aoa:yf af/] efiff jf]Ng] hgtfx?sf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf
cfhklg ;Qf / zQmLdf /x]sf AolQmx? kx'+r
gx'g' csf] { ;d:of ePsf] s'/f u_ dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj M g]kfndf ePsf]
afx]s c?n] p7fPsf] kfO{b}g . ca aGg] s;}jf6 l5k]sf] 5}g . cfkm\gf] klxrfg xfn}sf] hgu0fgfn] b]zsf] hg;+Vofdf
;+lawfgdf ;+3fTds /fHo Aoa:yfsf] s'/f vf]Hgsf] k5fl8 /fi6«nfO{g}bf]if lbg' xf]O{g dlxnfsf] lx:;f %! k|ltzt k'u]sf] b]vfPsf]
eGbf klg lgDg laifodf Wofg lbg ;/sf/ ;~rfng / sfo{;}nL k|ltsf] 5 . ;+lawfg ;efdf dlxnfsf]
cfaZos /x]sf] s'/f kfO{G5 . ;+lawfg cfs|f]; xf] eGg] b]lvG5 .
/fd| };xefuLtf ePsf] kfO{Ptfklg o;
lgwf{/0f ubf{lgDg tYox?nfO{lj;{g x'Gg
cuf8L b]zdf /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;efdf
eGg] nfUb5 M
v_ hghfltsf] k|ltlglwTj M g]kfnsf] dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj % k|ltzt eGbfklg
;j}eGbf kl5Nnf] hgu0fgfsf] k|ltj]bgdf sd /x]sf] cg'ea xfdLnfO{5 . gLlt
s_ efiffsf] k|ltlglwTj M g]kfnsf] !)^ k|sf/ eGbf a9L hftL / hghftLsf] lgdf{0fsf x/]s txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf
la=;+=@)$* tyf @)%* sf] hgu0fgfsf] j;f]jf; /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . h; dWo] !& Go'g 5 To;}n] g}dlxnf ;+j]bgsf
k|ltj]bgdf g]kfn /fHo leq af]lng] hDdf k|ltzt If]qL, !# k|ltzt j|fXd0f / cGodf s'/fx?n] /fli6«o txdf rrf{kfpg g;s]sf]
@) k|sf/sf efiff eflifsfx? d'n ?kdf du/, yf?, tdfË, g]jf/, d'l:nd, sfdL, / o;sf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf]
ePsf] pNn]v 5 . tL efiffx? dWo] ofbj, /fO{,u'?Ë, bdfO{, lnDj', 7s'/L, ;fsL,{ u'gf;f] s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . o; cuf8L
g]kfnL efiffnfO{ %)=#! k|ltzt hgtfn] t]nL, rdf/, sf]O/L cflbsf] ;+Vof klg ;+lawfgn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] ;dfgtfsf]
dft[efiffsf] ?kdf k|of]u ub{5g\/ jf+sL pNn]vgLo 5 . g]kfn cflbjf;L tyf xsnfO{ dlxnf k|ltlglwTjsf] cg'ejn]
$(=^( k|ltzt hgtfx? cGo hghftL /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gsf] ;"lrdf x+;L p8fPsf] dfq xf]Og u+le/ r'gf}lt
efiffnfO{cfkm\gf] dft[efiffsf ?kdf k|of]u %( k|sf/sf hghgltnfO{;dfj]z u/]sf 5 lbPsf] lyof] . cflw cfsf;sf] gfdaf6
ub{5g\. efiffsf cfwf/df s|dz d}ynL, oL hghftLx?nfO{;Dk"0f{hg;+Vofsf]
kl/lrt of] If]qsf] plrt / ;Ddfghgs
ef]hk'/L, yf?, tdfË, g]jf/, du/, cjwL, cfwf/df x]g] {xf] eg] logLx? jx'dtdf
k|ltlglwTjsf] s'/f ;+lawfgsf] cfwf/;Lnf
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
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/ :tDe klg xf] . k|sflzt eof] . ef/t l;df If]qdf u}x| :jfy{nfO{;jf] {k/L 7fGg] k|j[ltn] k|>o kfpg
g]kfnL gful/sn] dtbfg u/]sf] s'/f hf+bf ;f+;bx?nfO{y'Gg] ;Ddsf cg]s
k|sfzdf cfof] . of] lgjf{rgdf ePsf] ljs[lt / la;+utLx? l;h{gf eP .
lx+;fdf @ bh{g eGbf j9L dflg;n] kf/blz{tfsf] cefj eof] . u}x|
gfxsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/\of] . @)^# ;fn lhDd]jf/Lkgf, e|i6frf/ cflbn]
r}qdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;+lawfg ;efsf] hgtfnfO{emg s+ufn agfpg yfn]kl5
lgaf{rgsf] l:ytL / ca:yf x]g] {xf] eg] t hgtfx?sf w}o{tfsf] afFw 6'6\g k'Uof] .
emg sxfnL nfUbf] g}/x]sf] 5 . ;Qf @)^@÷)^# sf] nf]stflGqs
k|fKtLsf] nfuL /fhlglts bnn] stL hgcfGbf]ngsf w]/}sf/0fx? dWo] Pp6f
xb;Dd ubf{/x]5g\eGg] HjnGt pbfx/0f sf/0f of] klg /Xof] . t/ cfhklg of]
of] lgaf{rgn] b]vfP/}5f8]sf] 5 . h;sf] h] ;d:ofn] emg las/fn ?k lnP/
h] zlQm 5 To;sf] xb};Ddsf] pkof]u eof] cfO{/x]sf] kfO{G5 . o; s'/fnfO{dWo gh/
. cem las6 kxf8L lhNnf tyf g/fVg] xf] eg] ;d:of emg hl6n aGb}hfg]
t/fO{lhNnfsf] lgaf{rg k|s[of t sxfnL s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf .
nfUbf] g}/Xof] . h;sf] kmn:j?k ;Qfdf
slxNo}gk'u]sf zflGtk"0f{jf6f]sf] cjnDjg $_ ;+3fTds /fHo Aoj:yfsf s]xL
ug{rfxg] / zlQm k|bz{g ug{c;dy{kf6L{/ dxTjk"0f{k|Zgx?
hg;d'bfonfO{ lg/f; jfx]s s]lx xft
nfu]g . To;s}sf/0f xf] zf;g ;Qfdf g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf
slxNo}k'Ug g;Sg] kfl6{x? /fli6«o ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g kl5 ;+3fTds
/fhgLltjf6 6f9f x'g yfnL cfh /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f s;/L / s] laifonfO{ cfwf/
/fhg}lts w| 'ljs/0fsf] ;"?jft ePsf] 5 . dfg]/ ug] {eGg] s'/f g}lajfbsf] laifo
;dfg'kflts lgaf{rg k¢tLn] s]xL /fxt aGb}cfO{/x]sf] 5 . jflnu dtflwsf/ /
h:tf] ePklg of] k|s[ofklg s'g}cy{df ;dfj]z lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df
v'Nnf lgaf{rg k|s[of eGbf k[ys /xg lgjf{lrt hg k|ltlgwLx? g}of] laifodf
;s]g t;y{jf:tljs cy{df hgtfsf] cgle1 /x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfg
;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Psdfq k|df0f / k|of]u ;efdf p7\g] u/]sf] efjgf / ;/sf/n]
:jR5 ?kdf hgk|ltlglw r'Gg kfpg] AoQm ug] { u/]sf] efjgf clg /fhlglts
cj;/ hgtfnfO{pknJw x'g ;ls/x]sf] kfl6{sf] x}l;otn] cfpg] u/]sf
g}5}g . of] laifo tkm{klg Wofg hfg h?/L cawf/0ffx? g}k[ys /x]sf 5g\. ;/sf/
/x]sf] 5 .
;+rfng ug]{/fhlglts kfl6{sf
cawf/0fx?nfO{x]bf{/ ;'Gbf ;d]t cfd
5_ plrt Joj:yfkg / ;'zf;gsf] ] hgtf jfSs e};s]sf 5g\. klxn]
k|Zg M g]kfnsf] 7"nf] ;d:of eg]sf] /fHo ;}¢flGts ;jfndf Psdt ePkl5 dfq
Joj:yfkgdf 5f8fkg, sd{rf/L tGqdf ;+3fTds /fHosf] lgdf{0fsf] laifodf
/fghLlts/0f, u}/ lhDd]jf/L, e|i6frf/, hfg'kg] {df ;}¢flGts ;jfndf g}cfh;Dd
:jO{R5frf/L k|j[lt / s'zf;g cfbL x'g . Ps dt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;}n]
k+rfot sfndf oLg};df:ofåf/f ufFlhPsf] cGtl/d ;+lawfgn] tf]s]sf] ;docalw
zf;g Joj:yfdf @)$& ;fnkl5 klg leq ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
s'g};'wf/ x'g ;s]g . !% jif{sf] jx'bnLo ug{;Sg] kl/l:ytLsf] laBdfgtf g}b]lvb}g
zf;g Aoa:yfdf ;d]t of] ;d:of emg . cfh /fi6« leq /fHo lgdf{0f / u7gsf]
hl6n eof] . /fhg}lts g]t[Tjdf b[9 k|s[of s] xf] eGg] s'/f klg ;+ljwfg zefsf]
k|ltj4tfsf] cefj eof] . cfkm\gf] Pp6f d'ne"t ljifo xf] . o; jf/]df
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k|ltlglwTjsf] k|Tofe"lt xf] . ;+3fTds cg'df]bg M
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ljifox? dxTjk"0f{x'G5g\h;df cfh;Dd at{dfg ;+lawfg ;efsf] nfuL r'gf}tLsf] gofF k|fjwfg cg'df]bgsf nflu @÷#
s'g}klg /fhlglts bnsf] Wofg g}uPsf] laifo eg]sf] o;n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+lawfg s+u| ]zsf] dtsf] ;dy{g / hgdt ;Fu|xaf6
kfO{b}g M
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cfh;Dd s'g}sf]0faf6 k|Zg p7fPsf] 5}g . ToxfFsf] /fhg}lts bnsf] cg'bf/ rl/qsf]
s_ ;+3fTds /fHo lgdf{0fsf] nfuL s] s] ;+lawfg /fd|f] dfq agfP/ x'b}g o;n] ;a} sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf ;DaGwdf ul7t
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s] s'g cfwf/df / s;/L sfod ug] {< /x]sf] 5 . at{dfg ca:yfdf of] ;+lwfg ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L df}l/;;sf
ª_ hfthftL, au{, ;d'bfo tyf lgdf{0f kl5 hgdt ;+u|xdf hfg kg] {jf gful/sx?n] lghx?sf] g]tfx?nfO{
I]fqnfO{;d]t ldnfP/ nfg] k|s[ofsf] nfuL gkg] {eGg] ljifodf ljleGg wf/0ffx? ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmddf k6s k6s
s] s:tf dfkb08x? cjnDag ug] {< ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]sf 5g\. obL 5nkmnsf nflu ;efdf k7fPsf lyP .
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k]zf tyf Joj;foLs ;Fu7g tyf kqsf/, ;fj{ef}d ;Qf hgtfdf /xg] eGg] dfGotf xfn;Dd ljjfbx? gePtfklg cg'df]bg
sfg"g Joj;foL, lrlsT;fsdL{, lzIfs, :jLsf/ u/]kl5 hglgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg k|lqmofsf] sf/0faf6 ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
k|fWofks tyf ;/sf/L tyf gLlh If]qsf ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg g]kfnL sfo{cgfjZos ?kdf nlDaPsf] tyf k6s
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g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] Oltxf; d[To' x'gnfUbf ;d]t ;'g Ps6'qmf d'vdf
slt;Dd k|frLg 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ulxl/P/ /fvLlbg'kg{ rng 5 . To:t}dflg; @_ lz/aGbL M ;'gsf, ;f}efUosf] k|tLssf]
x]g] {xf] eg] lnR5jLsfn;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 . dl/;s]kl5 ug{ ;+:sf/x?df klg uxgfsf] ?kdf ;w'jfx?n] nufpg], /fd|f ;fOtsf
lnR5jLsfndf k|of]udf
dxTj 5 . d[To'kl5 jif{el/ !@ j6f sfo{x?df nufpg], Olx, afx«fM /fv]sf
cfO;s]sf >[+uf/sf] ;fwgsf] ljsf;
lty{:yndf ul/g] >f4df sxLF ;'gsf aflnsfx?nfO{;fy}b'nxLnfO{ klg
dNnsfndf Jofks ?kdf ePsf] b]lvG5
uxgf, sxLF k~r/Tg, sxLF gj/Tg, nufOlbg] tLg k§f jf kfFr k§f ePsf]
. g]jf/ ;+:sf/ cg';f/ uxgfsf] :j?k
ci6wft' dWo] Ps wft'sf] efF8f agfP/ km"nsf] a'§f ePsf] uxgf .
k'?if / :qL hftLdf km/s 5 . k'?if /
bfg lbg] rng 5 . gj/Tg /
:qLsf] ?kdf dfq xfOg pd]/, cj:yf
#_ a'lng M l;pFbf]sf] lardf nufpg],
ci6wft'nfO{g]jf/ ;dfhdf x'g nfu]sf]
cg';f/klg uxgfsf] k|of]udf km/s 5 .
bfofFafofF c08f cfsf/sf] a'§f cln
clgi6nfO{/f]Sg], u|xbzfn] hLjgdf x'g]
hlt klg uxgfx? 5g\tL uxgfx? k'?if
nfDrf] vfnsf] ePsf] >[ª\uf/snfn]
g/fd|f sfo{af6 aRg k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
jf :qLn] nufpg], aRrf jf a'9fx?n] g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] wfld{s, kl/k"0f{Psvfn] uxgf .
nufpg] eGg] lglZrttf eOxfN5 . Hof]ltif zf:q cg';f/ ?kn] klg 7"nf] $_ n'F:jf+
M !@ OGrL j[Qfsf/ ePsf] of]
s'g}s'g}uxgf a'9f] kf:gL ;s]sf pd]/ dxTj 5 . s'gs'g uxgf s;n] sxfF sxfF uxgfsf] rSsfdf snfTds k+IfLsf] hf]8L
k'u]sfn] dfq nufpF5g\ . h:tf] k'gfo\rf k|of]u ug{ eGg] g]jf/ ;dfhleq ePsf] ax'd"No kTy/, kGgf, k'ik/fh,
eGg] uxgf . cfkm\g}k|sf/sf] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 .
g]jf/ ;dfhdf hGdb]lv
dfl0fs / d'ufn] l;+ufl/Psf] snfTds /
;+:sf/b]lv hLjg z}nL rNg] g]jf/
d[To'ko{Gt uxgfsf] dxTj 5 . aRrf
df}lns uxgf . of] uxgf cS;/ u/]/
;dfhleq k|of]u x'g] uxgfsf]
gjljjflxtf gf/Ln] nufpg] rng 5 .
g]uf]l;8f #$
:j0f{ bk{0f

snf–;F:s[lt
s'g}klg ;dfh jf ;Eotfsf] :t/ slt lty{:yndf ul/g] >f4df sxLF ;'gsf uxgf, ePsf] ax'd"No kTy/, kGgf, k'ik/fh,
pRr 5 eGg] s'/f ;dfhsf dflg;x?sf] sxLF k~r/Tg, sxLF gj/Tg, ci6wft' dWo] dfl0fs / d'ufn] l;+ufl/Psf] snfTds /
hLjg k|s[of, ;+:s[lt, nufpg] klx/g Pj+ Ps wft'sf] efF8f agfP/ bfg lbg] rng 5 df}lns uxgf . of] uxgf cS;/ u/]/
ljleGg ;dodf ul/g] ;+:sf/x?df nufOg] . gj/Tg / ci6wft'nfO{g]jf/ ;dfhdf x'g gjljjflxtf gf/Ln] nufpg] rng 5 .
uxgfx?af6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . of] nfu]sf] clgi6nfO{/f]Sg], u|xbzfn]
%_ df]tf;f -;tkmnL_ M rfFbLsf] lrl6Ss
;Gbe{df g]jf/ ;dfh Ps pRr:t/sf] hLjgdf x'g] g/fd|f sfo{af6 aRg k|of]u
k/]sf] snfTds a'§fn] e/]sf] /ftf] jf sfnf]
;dfh xf] rGg] s'/f g]jf/ ;d'bfodf k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
x'g] klx/g, uxgfx? Pj+ >[+uf/af6 klg g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] wfld{s, l/ag jf s]zdf k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf .
:ki6 x'g cfFp5 .
Hof]ltif zf:q cg';f/ ?kn] klg 7"nf]
^_ Gofk'l;vM M ljz]if u/]/ ljjfx
of] 5f]6f] n]vdf ;f]x« >[ª\uf/sf] dxTj 5 . s'gs'g uxgf s;n] sxfF sxfF
x'g]a]nfdf b'nxLnfO{lz/sf] s]z 5f]Kg]u/L
;fwgsf] ?kdf lnOg] ljleGg klx/g Pj+ k|of]u ug{ ] eGg] g]jf/ ;dfhleq
nufOlbg] ;'gsf] Gofk'l;vM-kfFrl;qmL_
c? ;fwgx? Affx]s d"ntM ;'g, rfFbLsf cfkm\g}k|sf/sf] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 .
bfz{lgs ?kn] k~rtTjsf] k|tLs xf] .
ljleGg uxgfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] ;+:sf/b]lv hLjg z}nL rNg] g]jf/
s;}s;}n] Rofk'l;vM -cf7l;qmL_ klg
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
;dfhleq k|of]u x'g] uxgfsf]
k|of]u u5g\ {, of] ci6wft'sf] k|tLssf] ?kdf
g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] Oltxf; k|sf/nfO{pNn]v ug{ ]a]nfdf x/]s uxgfsf]
lnOG5 .
slt;Dd k|frLg 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ulxl/P/ k|of]udf cfkm\g}k|sf/sf] cy{ePsf] s'/f
x]g] {xf] eg] lnR5jLsfn;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 . oxfF :d/0fLo 5 . To;}n] hLjgrqm &_ ;KjMlt;f M ;'g jf rfFbLdf ljleGg
lnR5jLsfndf k|of]udf
;Fu;Fu}uxgfsf] k|sf/df klg kl/jt{g x'G5 lsl;dsf] /Tg hl8t uxgf, ljz]if u/]/
cfO;s]sf >[+uf/sf] ;fwgsf] ljsf;
. oxfF uxgfsf] k|sf/ pNn]v ug{ ] qmddf b'nxLnfO{s]z afFWg]a]nfdf nufOlbG5 .
dNnsfndf Jofks ?kdf ePsf] b]lvG5
s'g uxgf s;n] sxfF lsg k|of]u u5{eGg]
. g]jf/ ;+:sf/ cg';f/ uxgfsf] :j?k
lgwf/df k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf
s'/fnfO{ljrf/ u/L tn pNn]v u/] cg';f/
k'?if / :qL hftLdf km/s 5 . k'?if /
uxgfsf k|sf/x? 5g\.
*_ n'Fl;Gx
M -;'gsf]l6sf_M Olx, afx«fM /
:qLsf] ?kdf dfq xfOg pd]/, cj:yf
ljjfxdf nufO lbg] ljleGg afGsLsf]
cg';f/klg uxgfsf] k|of]udf km/s 5 . lz/df -s]zsf] dfly_ k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf M
;'gsf l6sf .
hlt klg uxgfx? 5g\tL uxgfx? k'?if
!_ l;Grf M ;'gsf] l;qmLdf 5]pdf rGb|dfsf]
jf :qLn] nufpg], aRrf jf a'9fx?n]
(_ nF'lr+
M ljjfx, a'9fkf:gL a]nfdf k|ofu
a'§f ePsf], l;pFbf]df nufpg], Olx -a]n
nufpg] eGg] lglZrttf eOxfN5 .
ug{ ] ;'gsf uxgf .
ljjfx_, afx«fM -u'kmf /fv]/ lgsfNg] lbgdf _
s'g}s'g}uxgf a'9f] kf:gL ;s]sf pd]/
/fVg] aflnsfx?nfO{nufOlbg] . !)_ b[li6 M rfFbLsf] x'G5 .
k'u]sfn] dfq nufpF5g\ . h:tf] k'gfo\rf
eGg] uxgf . @_ lz/aGbL M ;'gsf, ;f}efUosf] k|tLssf] sfgdf nufpg] uxgf M
g]jf/ ;dfhdf hGdb]lv ?kdf ;w'jfx?n] nufpg], /fd|f ;fOtsf
d[To'ko{Gt uxgfsf] dxTj 5 . aRrf
!!_ Gxfltsf M 5f]/f hftnfO{bL3f{o'sf]
sfo{x?df nufpg], Olx, afx«fM /fv]sf
hGd]/ rf/lbg jf bz lbgdf
sfdgf u/]/ nufOlbg] Ps k|sf/sf] ;'gsf]
aflnsfx?nfO{;fy}b'nxLnfO{ klg
aRrfnfO{;'gsf] cf} +7L nufOlbP/ uxgf
uxgf xf] . d'G›f h:t} uxgf xf] . d'G›f bfofF
nufOlbg] tLg k§f jf kfFr k§f ePsf]
nufpg] sfo{sf] z'ef/De ul/G5 eg]
afofF b'O6}sfgdf nufOlbg] uxgf xf] eg]
km"nsf] a'§f ePsf] uxgf .
To;kl5 x'g] s'g}klg sd{sf08df 5f]/f jf
Gxfltsf bfofF sfgdf dfq nufOlbg] uxgf
5f]/L hf] ePklg aRrfnfO{s'g}g #_ a'lng M l;pFbf]sf] lardf nufpg], xf] . klxn] klxn] Gxfltsf uxgfdf tf/
s'g}k|sf/sf] uxgf nufOlbPsf] x'G5 . d[To' bfofFafofF c08f cfsf/sf] a'§f cln tLgkN6 3'dfOPsf] x'G5 eg] kl5 To;df
x'gnfUbf ;d]t ;'g Ps6'qmf d'vdf nfDrf] vfnsf] ePsf] >[ª\uf/snfn] d'uf / df]lt klg /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
/fvLlbg'kg{ ] rng 5 . To:t}dflg; kl/k"0f{Psvfn] uxgf .
!@_ kFo\lt M ;'gsf] snfTds rf/s'g]
dl/;s]kl5 ug{ ] ;+:sf/x?df klg uxgfsf]
$_ n'F:jf+
M !@ OGrL j[Qfsf/ ePsf] of] ePsf] of] uxgf s]6fnfO{;+:sf/ kj{df dfq
dxTj 5 . d[To'kl5 jif{el/ !@ j6f
uxgfsf] rSsfdf snfTds k+IfLsf] hf]8L nufOlbg' kg{ ] k/Dk/f 5 .
pg] rng 5 .
g]uf]l;8f #%
:j0f{ bk{0f

snf–;F:s[lt
s'g}klg ;dfh jf ;Eotfsf] :t/ slt lty{:yndf ul/g] >f4df sxLF ;'gsf uxgf,
pRr 5 eGg] s'/f ;dfhsf dflg;x?sf] sxLF k~r/Tg, sxLF gj/Tg, ci6wft' dWo]
hLjg k|s[of, ;+:s[lt, nufpg] klx/g Pj+ Ps wft'sf] efF8f agfP/ bfg lbg] rng 5
ljleGg ;dodf ul/g] ;+:sf/x?df nufOg] . gj/Tg / ci6wft'nfO{g]jf/ ;dfhdf x'g
uxgfx?af6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . of] nfu]sf] clgi6nfO{/f]Sg], u|xbzfn]
;Gbe{df g]jf/ ;dfh Ps pRr:t/sf] hLjgdf x'g] g/fd|f sfo{af6 aRg k|of]u
;dfh xf] rGg] s'/f g]jf/ ;d'bfodf k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
x'g] klx/g, uxgfx? Pj+ >[+uf/af6 klg
g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] wfld{s,
:ki6 x'g cfFp5 .
fPsf] 5 . ;+:sf/b]lv hLjg z}nL rNg]
of] 5f]6f] n]vdf ;f]x« >[ª\uf/sf]
;fwgsf] ?kdf lnOg] ljleGg klx/g Pj+
c? ;fwgx? Affx]s d"ntM ;'g, rfFbLsf
ljleGg uxgfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg]
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
g]jf/ ;dfhdf uxgfsf] Oltxf;
slt;Dd k|frLg 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ulxl/P/
x]g] {xf] eg] lnR5jLsfn;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 .
lnR5jLsfndf k|of]udf
cfO;s]sf >[+uf/sf] ;fwgsf] ljsf;
dNnsfndf Jofks ?kdf ePsf] b]lvG5
. g]jf/ ;+:sf/ cg';f/ uxgfsf] :j?k
k'?if / :qL hftLdf km/s 5 . k'?if /
:qLsf] ?kdf dfq xfOg pd]/, cj:yf
cg';f/klg uxgfsf] k|of]udf km/s 5 .
hlt klg uxgfx? 5g\tL uxgfx? k'?if
jf :qLn] nufpg], aRrf jf a'9fx?n]
nufpg] eGg] lglZrttf eOxfN5 .
s'g}s'g}uxgf a'9f] kf:gL ;s]sf pd]/
k'u]sfn] dfq nufpF5g\ . h:tf] k'gfo\rf
eGg] uxgf .
g]jf/ ;dfhdf hGdb]lv
d[To'ko{Gt uxgfsf] dxTj 5 . aRrf
hGd]/ rf/lbg jf bz lbgdf
aRrfnfO{;'gsf] cf} +7L nufOlbP/ uxgf
nufpg] sfo{sf] z'ef/De ul/G5 eg]
To;kl5 x'g] s'g}klg sd{sf08df 5f]/f jf
5f]/L hf] ePklg aRrfnfO{s'g}g
s'g}k|sf/sf] uxgf nufOlbPsf] x'G5 . d[To'
x'gnfUbf ;d]t ;'g Ps6'qmf d'vdf
/fvLlbg'kg{ ] rng 5 . To:t}dflg;
dl/;s]kl5 ug{ ] ;+:sf/x?df klg uxgfsf]
dxTj 5 . d[To'kl5 jif{el/ !@ j6f
g]uf]l;8f #^
Hof]ltif zf:q cg';f/ ?kn] klg 7"nf]
dxTj 5 . s'gs'g uxgf s;n] sxfF sxfF
k|of]u ug{ ] eGg] g]jf/ ;dfhleq
cfkm\g}k|sf/sf] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 .
;+:sf/b]lv hLjg z}nL rNg] g]jf/
;dfhleq k|of]u x'g] uxgfsf]
k|sf/nfO{pNn]v ug{ ]a]nfdf x/]s uxgfsf]
k|of]udf cfkm\g}k|sf/sf] cy{ePsf] s'/f
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
:j0f{ bk{0f

oxfF :d/0fLo 5 . To;}n] hLjgrqm
;Fu;Fu}uxgfsf] k|sf/df klg kl/jt{g x'G5
. oxfF uxgfsf] k|sf/ pNn]v ug{ ] qmddf
s'g uxgf s;n] sxfF lsg k|of]u u5{eGg]
s'/fnfO{ljrf/ u/L tn pNn]v u/] cg';f/
uxgfsf k|sf/x? 5g\.
lz/df -s]zsf] dfly_ k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf M
!_ l;Grf M ;'gsf] l;qmLdf 5]pdf rGb|dfsf]
a'§f ePsf], l;pFbf]df nufpg], Olx -a]n
ljjfx_, afx«fM -u'kmf /fv]/ lgsfNg] lbgdf _
/fVg] aflnsfx?nfO{nufOlbg] .
@_ lz/aGbL M ;'gsf, ;f}efUosf] k|tLssf]
?kdf ;w'jfx?n] nufpg], /fd|f ;fOtsf
sfo{x?df nufpg], Olx, afx«fM /fv]sf
aflnsfx?nfO{;fy}b'nxLnfO{ klg
nufOlbg] tLg k§f jf kfFr k§f ePsf]
km"nsf] a'§f ePsf] uxgf .
#_ a'lng M l;pFbf]sf] lardf nufpg],
bfofFafofF c08f cfsf/sf] a'§f cln
nfDrf] vfnsf] ePsf] >[ª\uf/snfn]
kl/k"0f{Psvfn] uxgf .
$_ n'F:jf+
M !@ OGrL j[Qfsf/ ePsf] of]
uxgfsf] rSsfdf snfTds k+IfLsf] hf]8L
ePsf] ax'd"No kTy/, kGgf, k'ik/fh,
dfl0fs / d'ufn] l;+ufl/Psf] snfTds /
df}lns uxgf . of] uxgf cS;/ u/]/
gjljjflxtf gf/Ln] nufpg] rng 5 .
%_ df]tf;f -;tkmnL_ M rfFbLsf] lrl6Ss
k/]sf] snfTds a'§fn] e/]sf] /ftf] jf sfnf]
l/ag jf s]zdf k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf .
^_ Gofk'l;vM M ljz]if u/]/ ljjfx
x'g]a]nfdf b'nxLnfO{lz/sf] s]z 5f]Kg]u/L
nufOlbg] ;'gsf] Gofk'l;vM-kfFrl;qmL_
bfz{lgs ?kn] k~rtTjsf] k|tLs xf] .
s;}s;}n] Rofk'l;vM -cf7l;qmL_ klg
k|of]u u5g\ {, of] ci6wft'sf] k|tLssf] ?kdf
lnOG5 .
&_ ;KjMlt;f M ;'g jf rfFbLdf ljleGg
lsl;dsf] /Tg hl8t uxgf, ljz]if u/]/
b'nxLnfO{s]z afFWg]a]nfdf nufOlbG5 .
lgwf/df k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf
*_ n'Fl;Gx
M -;'gsf]l6sf_M Olx, afx«fM /
ljjfxdf nufO lbg] ljleGg afGsLsf]
;'gsf l6sf .
(_ nF'lr+
M ljjfx, a'9fkf:gL a]nfdf k|ofu
ug{ ] ;'gsf uxgf .
!)_ b[li6 M rfFbLsf] x'G5 .
sfgdf nufpg] uxgf M
!!_ Gxfltsf M 5f]/f hftnfO{bL3f{o'sf]
sfdgf u/]/ nufOlbg] Ps k|sf/sf] ;'gsf]
uxgf xf] . d'G›f h:t} uxgf xf] . d'G›f bfofF
afofF b'O6}sfgdf nufOlbg] uxgf xf] eg]
Gxfltsf bfofF sfgdf dfq nufOlbg] uxgf
xf] . klxn] klxn] Gxfltsf uxgfdf tf/
tLgkN6 3'dfOPsf] x'G5 eg] kl5 To;df
d'uf / df]lt klg /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
!@_ kFo\lt M ;'gsf] snfTds rf/s'g]
ePsf] of] uxgf s]6fnfO{;+:sf/ kj{df dfq
nufOlbg' kg{ ] k/Dk/f 5 .
!#_ df/jlnrf M ;'gsf] uf]nf] cfsf/sf] of]
uxgf aRrfnfO{kf:gLa]nfdf nufOlbg]
u5{. of] uxgfnfO{;Tosf] k|tLssf] ?kdf
dfg]sf] kfOG5 .
!$_ k'gfo\rf M a'9fkf:gL ;ls;s]sf
a'9fa'9Lx?nfO{dfq nufOlbg] ;'gsf] l/Ë
xf] . g]jf/ ;dfhdf cfo'sf] lx;fan]
kfFrk6s ;Dd a'9f kf:gL ug{ ] rng 5 .
of] k'gfo\rf hlt k6s kf:gL ;s]sf] xf]
Tolt j6fg}nufPsf] x'G5 . of] uxgf
nufPaf6 g}sltk6s kf:gL ;ls;s]sf] xf]
eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
!%_ 9'ª\u|L Mcwj} +;] cfOdfOn] nufpg]
bfkm:jfF -b'af] /fVg] ;]tf] km"n_ cfsf/sf],
k|To]s ^ j6f jf Tof] eGbf a9L kftdf
dfl0fs, kGgf, df]lt / lx/f h:tf ax'd"No
g]uf]l;8f #&
kTy/ h8]/ agfO/fv]sf] uxgf xf] .
!^_ dfsMl; M s6x/sf] cfsf/df
agfO/fv]sf] rfFbLsf] Ps k|sf/sf] uxgf ,
h'g Hofk'gLx?n] k|of]u ug{ ] uxgf xf] .
!&_ t'ls M s'g}hfqfkj{, ;+:sf/ cflb
gePklg ;wF}
h:tf] nufO/fVg] ;fbf jf
a'§f ePsf] ] uxgf .
!*_ tfof]t'ls M s]6fx?n] bfofF sfgsf]
dflyNnf] efudf Pp6f dfq nufpg,]
s]6Lx?n] rfxLF b'j}sfgdf nufpg] ;'gsf]
uxgf xf] .
!(_ ljhslg M g]kfnefiffsf] k'/fgf uLt
/fhdltdf pNn]v eO/fv]sf] uxgf
ljhslg vf; sxfF k|of]u ug{ ] af/] olsg
5}g . s;}n] lz/df nufpg] uxgf eG5g\t
s;}n] unfdf nufpg] uxgf eg]sf] kfOG5
.
@)_+ ul; l;v M sfgsf] Kjfn 7"nf] eP/
uxgfnfO{c8sfpg agfO/fv]sf] ;'gsf]
dl;gf] l;qmL .
unfdf nufpg] uxgf
snf–;F:s[lt
@!_ s07L M 3fF6Ltn;Dd nufpg] ;'g
rfFbLsf] uxgf . lnR5jLsfndf
/fhf/fgLn] k|of]u ug{ ] k|lti7fk"0f{uxgf xf] .
@@_ tfof] M dlR5G›gfy / lhljt b]jLsf]
?kdf dfgL cfPsf] s'df/Lsf] unfdf
nufOlbg] ;'gsf] uxgf tfof]sf] bfofFafofF
ljz]if u/L k+IfL, km"n cflbsf] snfTds
a'§f s'F8]/
;'gsf] kftfdf hf]8L/fv]sf] Ps
k|sf/sf] uxgf .
@#_ ltv M g]jf/ ;d'bfodf k|frLg
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Gold Plating and its Usages
History:
Metallurgy is one of the
oldest applied processes in
sciences. Its history can be
traced back to antiquity that
initiated mankind's association
with metals. Gold is the first
metal discovered in 6000 BC.
Until 18th century only 24 metals
were known. Currently, there are
86 known metals and seven
metals namely gold, copper,
silver, lead, tin, iron and mercury
were the metals of antiquity
upon which the civilization was
based. Out of seven, five metals
eg. gold, copper, silver, iron and
mercury can be found in their
native states.
Gold is widely used in
jewelry, ornaments and coins as
well in early days. It is a yellow
colored noble metal, non-
corrosive and tarnish free. Due
to its noble characters, man has
used gold in fashion making
jewelries ornaments since Stone
Age. It is highly malleable that
allows it to form a very thin
sheet. Since gold is found in
uncombined form, early
goldsmiths would collect small
n u g g e t s o f g o l d f r o m
streambeds and weld them
together by hammering. It is
also a precious metal that it will
not oxidize in air and its electrical
conductivity stays uniform over
long periods of time and have
good solder ability; it is ideally
suited for gold electroplating
applications.
Besides jewelry, gold is
now a days commonly used in
electrical switch contacts,
connector pins, barrels, watch
making, porcelains decoration
and also used in the electronics
industry mainly to cover the
electrical contacts of electronic
computers in the modern
society.
Gold Plating:
D u e t o i t s n o b l e
characters and very high cost, a
thin layer of gold is applied on
the cheaper metals like copper
or silver for good corrosion
resistant, conductivity and
durability. This process of
applying thin layers (125 µm) of
gold is called gold plating. The
method was used widely in
Egypt to the surfaces of articles,
designs, and architectural
structures. In the beginning of
19th century, the iron or copper
cupolas of churches and the
roofs and spires of palaces were
plated by gold. Earlier, it involved
sticking finest petals of gold
from one to three layers onto the
prepared surface of an article.
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Kanti Shrestha
The lifetime of such sheet gold
coverings was about 50 years.
Later, the firing method came
into use to a surface of the article
made of porcelain or metal. Such
coverings would last for 100 to
150 years. The galvanic method
has been used since the middle
of the 19th century. Here, the
gold is precipitated onto the
surface from a solution of
dicyanoaurate KAu(CN)2. Such a
covering is very stable
chemically, possesses high
t h e r m a l a n d e l e c t r i c a l
conductivity.
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Ph. D. in Chemistry
The early history of
electro-deposition of precious
metal gold on cheaper metal can
be reliably traced back to around
1800, when an Italian chemist
utilized gold in the electroplating
process. By 1805, he had refined
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his process enough to plate a
fine layer of gold over large silver
metals. From the early 1800's to
a b o u t 1 8 4 5 , t w o m a i n
commercial processes for
coating objects in gold were
utilized. For low costs,
immersing an object in a diluted
form of gold chloride solution
allowed a very thin flash of gold
t o b e d e p o s i t e d o n t o
inexpensive objects. In Russia,
large-scale gold plating for
cathedral domes, icons and
religious statues were being
successfully completed during
that period. Despite the
expansion of electroplating
processes to other industries, no
s i g n i f i c a n t s c i e n t i f i c
developments were discovered
until the emergence of the
electronics industry in the mid-
1940's.
T h e l a t e 1 9 4 0 ' s
witnessed the rediscovery of
heavy gold plating for electronic
components. By the mid-1950's,
the utilization of new and safer
plating baths based on acid
formulas, began to displace
some of the traditional cyanide
based formulas in large-scale
commercial use. The 1970's led
to numerous regulatory laws for
waste-water emissions and
d i s p o s a l . A s a r e s u l t ,
improvements in chemical
formulas and technical hardware in which a metal is coated onto a
has allowed for the rapid and solid surface. Plating is
continuous gold plating of wire,
metal strips, semiconductors
and complex metal shapes.
Electroplating processes for all
types of decorative and technical
plating applications will continue
to find new applications as
manufacturing capabilities
expand into emerging global
markets.
Types of Plating:
Gold is applied to
surfaces of wood and metals
using mechanical, chemical or
electroplating processes. The
coatings achieved by chemical
and mechanical means are
referred to as gilding; they are
achieved by a combination of
various treatments, such as the
application of mercury, mixing
gold chloride with ether, and
washing the base metal in
various solutions. Electroplating
is the most modern gold plating
process, in which, the object to
be coated is attached to an
electricity source and immersed
in a solution.
Gold plating is often
used in electronics, to provide a
corrosion resistant electrically
conductive layer on copper,
typically in electrical connectors
and printed circuit boards.
Plating is the general name of
many surface- cover techniques
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dilute solution of gold chloride scratch brush to metallic system, endocrine system,
with twice its quantity of ether.
The ether is then applied with a
small brush, and as it evaporates
it deposits the gold.
iii) Fire-gilding:
In this process, mercury is mixed
with gold and make amalgam.
Gold amalgam is chiefly used on
plating for silver, copper, or brass.
Mercury was also known to the
ancients and has been found in
tombs dating back to 1500 and
1600 BC. Mercury, also known as
quicksilver is highly poisonous. It
is only the liquid metal at room
temperature. Mercury was widely
used because of its ability to
dissolve silver and gold and forms
alloys so called amalgam.
In the preparation of the
amalgam the gold must first be
reduced to thin plates or grains,
which are heated red hot, and
thrown into previously heated
mercury, until it begins to smoke.
Upon stirring the mercury with an
iron rod, the gold totally
disappears. The proportion of
mercury to gold is generally six or
eight to one.
The article to be plated
is washed over with diluted nitric
acid or potash lye to remove any
tarnish or rust that might prevent
the amalgam from adhering.
After polishing perfectly bright,
the amalgam is applied as evenly
as possible, usually with a fine
surfaces, the mercury being
subsequently volatilizes on
heating, leaving a yellow film of
gold.
Hazards of Mercury in
Gold Plating:
In Nepal, a large
quantity of mercury is used for
gold plating of beautiful metallic
idols around residential areas at
Lalitpur District (Fig.1). Mercury
would vaporize during heating,
leaving a gold coating on the
metallic surface. However,
heating the amalgam released
toxic mercury vapors, which
ultimately proved deadly to the
craftspeople utilizing this
technique. Breathing the fumes
generated by this process can
quickly result in serious health
problems, such as neurological
d a m a g e a n d e n d o c r i n e
disorders, since inhalation is a
very efficient route for mercuric
compounds to enter the body.
This is a very dangerous process
for human health and also
extremely hazardous to the
environment. It is illegal in the
US. The process was eventually
banned and replaced by
electroplating in the developed
countries.
Mercury is such a highly
reactive toxic agent that it is
difficult to identify its specific
mechanism of damage. It
damages the central nervous
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kidneys and other organs, and
adversely affects the mouth,
gums, and teeth. Exposure over
long periods of time or heavy
exposure to mercury vapor can
result in brain damage and
ultimately death. Mercury and its
compounds are particularly toxic
to fetuses and infants. Women
who have been exposed to
mercury in pregnancy have
sometimes given birth to
children with serious birth
defects. Symptoms includes
tremors, emotional changes
(e.g., mood swings, irritability,
n e r v o u s n e s s , e x c e s s i v e
s h y n e s s ) ; i n s o m n i a ;
n e u r o m u s c u l a r c h a n g e s ,
headaches; disturbances in
sensations etc. At higher
exposures there may be kidney
effects, respiratory failure and
death. People concerned about
their exposure to elemental
mercury should consult their
physician. Mercury may be
measured in blood or urine to
confirm a diagnosis of poisoning
in hospitalized victims or to assist
in the forensic investigation in a
case of fatal over dosage.
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Caution!
THESE ARE DANGEROUS
METHODS OF GOLD PLATING.
DO NOT PRACTICE THEM
U N L E S S Y O U H A V E
KNOWLEDGE OF ACID and
M E T A L C H E M I S T R Y ,
UNDERSTAND ALL THE
DANGERS AND HAVE THE
APPROVED AND INSPECTED
FACILITIES. Certainly, never
try this process in a confined
area or around open flame
AND DON'T GET ANY OF IT ON
YOU and don't breathe the
fumes. Also, you have to be
careful about how you get rid
of the toxic products!
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:j0f{ bk{0f

'Gold-The precious yellow metal' is in
everyone's wish list. No one can stay far from it.
And on one can remain unconcerned about its
rising price. Gold is on a high, breaking precious
records and giving rise to speculations whether
it will rise much higher.
In the past few months, we have seen
the price of Gold rise to new level. Everyone has
a question in their mind “Why is the price of Gold
going up?”. What should be the answer then?
Well, let's clear our confusion.
In an economy, every economy element
is interrelated to each other. Change in one
element brings change to others. Same is the
case with gold. We know that the price of gold
against the US $. So the behavior of the US $ as
per the US economy in response to its economic
activities and the economic activities and the
economic activities of other major nations brings
change to the price of gold.
At present, the Fed meeting results
turned out to be, the expected dollar free-fall
and corresponding gold spike did not materialize
in their wake last week. Bullion fell to an
overnight low of $1,385.30 on the bid side of
spot prices as the greenback gained ground on
the rising conviction that the US economy is
indeed on the mend, and as it was also helped by
the on-going 'review' of Spain's debt rating by
Moody's Investor's Service.
The rating agency, which has been in a
downgrading 'mood' of late, did in fact take its
scalpel out overnight and did cut Vietnam's
ratings from B1 to Ba3 given what it sees as
Gold
“What's Next?”
Sachin Shakya
Mr. Shakya is related to ShakyaMuni Commodities Traders Pvt.Ltd.
www.shakyamunibiz.com
g]uf]l;8f $^
hfgsf/L
difficult conditions for that country. Yes it
(downgrading) can happen is Asia as well, even
as the skies continue to darken over Europe
somewhat more. Agency France-Presse reports
that Greece was brought to a standstill today as
some 15,000 angry protestors marched against
their government's austerity measures. This was
the country's seventh general strike this year.
Gold price opened the midweek session
with a modest $3.90 per ounce loss, quoted at
the $1,392.00 level as scattered selling ahead of
year-end and the US dollar at 79.69 on the index
continued to exert pressure on the yellow metal
at Dec. 15. Gold-oriented ETPs lost nearly 5
tones of metal from current balances in Dec.14.
ABN AMRO's most recent price projections for
the precious metals group calls for peaks some 2
months from now, at $1,485 gold, $31 silver.
Easy math. You have a 7% potential in gold,
14.8% in silver.
The banks also note that “The US dollar
cannot be singled out as the root cause of the
latest gold rally either since it is no weaker than a
month ago and the gold:dollar correlation is
moving ever closer to positive territory. Nor it is
necessarily concerns over eurozone debt levels,
although the gold:dollar correlation does imply
an element of risk aversion.”
“So while the gold price remains strong,
we are little concerned that if a correlation
comes it may not be signaled before the event.
This gold rally appears very much sentiment
based and investment demand in all reasons and
in most currencies is very strong. Any change to
:j0f{ bk{0f

hfgsf/L
this current status quo could therefore see a
sharp correction” concludes ABN AMROs VM
Group.
The inflation data gave the US currency
a further boost at Dec.15 and helped drag gold
back to near the $1,380.00 area. As for the
Empire State manufacturing index, it rose 22
points this month.
The world's largest gold-backed
exchange-traded fund, SPDR Gold Trust, said its
holdings inched lower to 1,286.187 tones by
Dec.15 from 1,286.794 tones on Dec.14. The
holdings hit a record at 1,320.436 tones on June
29.
Gold is likely to benefit as the US dollar
loses purchasing power due to factors such as
spending deficits and a rising debt load, “Gold is
priced in US dollar. So as the dollar loses value,
gold must go up almost by default.” The metal
has been viewed as the “ultimate currency”
often rising even on days when the dollar
strengthens.
Gold has been in a decade-long bull
market, rising from roughly $250 an ounce to a
recent record of $1,431. Many look for still more
gains. Gold has the possibility of reaching
$1,500 in 2011, while Goldman Sachs have a 12months
target of $1650.
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
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sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
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k|lt bz u|fdsf] b/
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dlxgf
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rf6{
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MAJOR GEM LOCATIONS OF NEPAL
Aquamarine from Taplayjung East Nepal
lhNnf zfvf
Multi colour Tourmaline from Hyakulay, East Nepal
Source : Nepal Rock & Minerals Accosiation

s]Gb| ultljlw
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !* cf} +
;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg
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/fjnHo" x'g'x'GYof] . ;efdf :jfut dGtJo /fVb}s]lGb|o
cWoIf >L t]h /Tg zfSon] ;'grfFbL Joj;fo cl;ldt bfloTj
af]ssf] rn ;DklQsf] ;+j]bgzLn Joj;fo ePsf]n] tb\cg'?k
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;'grfFbLnfO{plrt k|j4{g u/L lgof{t Jofkf/df pNn]Vo k|j]z
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;'/Iff cfhsf] cfjZostf" ePsf] atfpg' xF'b}o;
Joj;fodf
;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] nflu ;/sf/;Fu dfu ug{ 'eof] .
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k'¥ofPsf]n] o:tf ultljlw tTsfn lgoGq0f ug{;'/Iff
lgsfnfO{an k|of]u ug{cfb]z lbO;s]sf] 5''
pxfFn] cfZj:t
kfb{ }eGg'eof] .
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u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/]klg o;sf] xfn;Dd s]xL sfof{Gjog x'g
g;s]sf]df Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' eof] .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb}g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{sf cWoIf ;'/]G›jL/
dfnfsf/n] o; Joj;fo nufgL a9L d'gfkmf sd x'g] ePsf]n]
o;sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu ;/sf/ rgfvf] x'g' kg{ ] atfpg' eof] .
;f] cj;/df g]kfn /fi6«a} +ssf 8]k'6L ueg{/ s[i0f axfb'/
dfgGw/n] g]kfn cfoftLt a:t' dfly lge{/ /x]sf]n] ;'grfFbL
uxgf lgof{t u/L Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ug{;lsg] atfpg' eof] .
pxfFn] o; Joj;fodf ljZjJofkL pkef]Qmfsf] dfu / rfxgf
cg'?k cfw'lgs k|ljlw leqofpg cfu|x ug{ ' eof] .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf ;+3sf ;Nnfxsf/ >L lty{dfg
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P]g sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf cf}nfpFb};+ljwfg ;efn]
o;tkm{;f]Rg] ljZjf; k|s6 ug{ 'eof] . pkTosf k|x/L cltl/Qm
dxflg/LIfs >L sNof0f s'df/ ltlD;gfHo"n] ;'grfFbL
Joj;foLx?sf] ;'emfj cg';f/ v8f ul/Psf] ;'/Iff 6f:s
kmf];{nufot zflGt ;'/Iffsf] nflu g]kfn k|x/Ln] lgefO/x]sf]
e"ldsf ;DaGwdf k|sfz kfg{ 'eof] . ;+3sf g]kfn el/sf ##
lhNnf zfvfn] efu lnPsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;Nnfxsf/Ho"x?
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g]uf]l;8f %)
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k|f= k[y'/fh >]i7 Ho" nufot ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfo Pj+
;+3;+:yfaf6 kbflwsf/LHo"x?sf] a[xt\ pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
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>L 1fg'/fh zfSo / klZrdf~rn pkfWoIf >L df]xg la=s=n]
qmdzM dWodf~rn, / klZrdf~rn If]qLo e]nfsf] k|ltj]bg
k|:t't ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
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ug{ 'ePsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tyf sf]iffWoIf >L 1fgsfhL -;/sf/_
zfSon] k|:t't ug{ 'ePsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg cfjZos 5nkmn
kl5 kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] .
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lbo]z /Tg zfSon] qmdzM klxnf] / bf;|f] ;qdf wGojfb 1fkg
ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
;DdfggLo k|wfg dGqLHo" ;Fu
e]6jftf{Pj+ dfu kq k|:t't
@)^& kf}if !& ut] g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] cWoIf >L
t]h/Tg zfSosf] g]t[Tj uPsf] * ;b:oLo k|ltlglw d08nn]
;'grfFbL Joj;folsf ljBdfg ;d:ofx? af/] cjut u/fof] .
ljBdfg cfk"lt{;d:ofn] cfGt/Ls ahf/ / lgof{t Jofkf/df 7"nf]
c;/ k/]sf] eGb}pxfFn] v'Nnf cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ug{dfu ug{ ' eof] .
;fy}Joj;fo ljsf; u/L /fi6«s}cfly{s 6]jf a9fpg dfu kq klg
afrg u/]/ ;'gfpg' eof] .
g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3;Fu cf}krfl/s
;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/
;'grfFbL Pj+ ax'd"No kTy/ hl8t u/uxgfsf] l8hfOg ljefu,
u'0f:t/, ahf/ la:tf/ Pj+ gLltut ;jfndf ;dfg p2]Zo lnP/
cufl8 a9]sf] g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 / g]kfn x:tsnf
dxf;+3 aLr @)^& efb| !! df cf}krfl/s ;dembf/L kqdf
x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . x:tfIf/ sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;'grfFbL
Joj;foL ;+3 cWoIf >L t]h/Tg zfSo tyf g]kfn x:tsnf
dxf;+3 cWoIf >L ljsf; wfVjfn] cfk;L ;xsfo{af6 o;
If]qsf] ljsf; 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug] atfpg' eof] .
OlGkms]o/ k|f= ln= ;Fu ;Demf}tf
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3n] P;PdP; ;]jf dfkm{t k|bfg ug{ ]
;'grfFbL b/efpnfO{cem u'0f:t/Lo / k|efjsf/L ug{i 't ultsf]
;]jfsf] nflu ;+3n] OlGkms]o/ k|f= ln= ;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
o;af6 ;f] ;]jf lnO/x]sf !&) eGbf al9 u|fxsx? cfdflGjt
ePsf 5g\.
:j0f{ bk{0f

;'gsf] l;SAsfsf] ahf/ k|j4{g
;DaGwL cGtlqm{of
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kbflwsf/Lx? / u|Lg OGe]i6d]G6sf k|ltlglwx? aLr ;+3sf]
a}7s sIfdf ;'grfFbLsf l;Ssf pTkfbg Pj+ cGo ;DalGwt
;fdu|Lx|? pTkfbg u/L ahf/ k|a4{g ug{ ] ;DaGwL cGtlqm{of
;DkGg eof] .
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;+34f/f 3f]lift cfGbf]ng qmdd}g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf
a:t'ut pkfWoIf >L ef:s/ /fh /fhslgsf/sf cu'jfOdf
;'grfFbLsf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f / d"No Joj:yfkg ;femf cjwf/0ff
agfpg / sfo{ut ;fem]bf/L ug{g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3
s]lGb|o cWoIf >L t]h/Tg zfSo ;+of]hs /xL ;+3s}dxf;lrj
kb]g ;lrj /xg] u/L g]kfn /tg tyf cfe"if0f ;+3 cWoIf /
g]kfn ;'grfBL snf Joj;foL ;+3 cWoIf ;lkmlnh ;'grfFbL
d"No lgwf{/0f ;+oGq u7g ul/of] . ;+oGqn] g]kfnL ahf/sf]
Go"gtd dfu ;Dafwg gul/P;Dd g]kfn /fi6« a} +ssf]
kl/df0fTds aGb]h k|lt lj/f]w sfod /fVb}5nkmnsf]
zflGtk"0f{jftfj/0f sfod /fVg ebf} ( ut]kl5 lj/f]wsf]
sfo{qmdnfO{:yug u¥of] . tyflk o;kl5 cGo ;+3;+:yfsf]
ljljw sf/0fn] ;lqmo ;xeflutf g/x]kl5 of] ;+oGq lgl:qmo
/xg uof] .
o; ;+oGqsf] a}7s k6s;Dd g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo
dxf;+3, 6]s'df a;]sf] lyof] h;df g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3
cWoIf >L ljsf; wfVjfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL
cg';f/df kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof]
h;df dxf;+3 cWoIf >L s'z s'df/ hf]zLHo" nufotn]
;Daf]wg ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
$% cf} + a} +s Hj]n/L d]nfdf ;xeflutf
;g\ @))( ;]K6]Da/df ;DkGg $% cf} + a} +Ís Hj]n/L P08
Hj]n/L d]nfdf ;+3sf jl/i7 pkfWoIf >L dl0f /Tg zfSosf]
g]t[Tjdf !! ;b:oLo ;+3sf] k|ltlglw d08nn] cjnf]sg e|d0f
;DkGg u¥of] . k|ltlglw d08ndf pkfWoIf >L 1fg'/fh zfSo,
>L dfl0fs /Tg zfSo, sf]iffWoIf >L 1fgsfhL -;Tsf/_ zfSo,
;lrj >L lboz /Tg zfSo nufot x'g'x'GYof] . k|ltlglw
d08nn] yfO{h]D; P08 Hj]n/L Pzf]l;ogsf pkfWoIf ;f]drfO
nufotsf kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu cGt/lqmof u/L g]kfn / yfOn}08
aLr ;'grfFbL u/uxgf / ax'd"No kty/sf] Jofkf/ la:tf/ /
g]kfndf Hj]n/L d]n fug{k'¥ofpg ;lsg] ;xof]u af/] la:t[t
5nkmn eof] . sfo{qmddf yfO{;dsIfLnfO{jl/i7 pkfWoIf >L
dl0f /Tg zfSoHo"n] :joDe"sf] k|ltd"lt{pkxf/ k|bfg ug{ 'ePsf]
lyof] .
g]uf]l;8f %!
PkLhL k|ltlglw d08nsf] :jfut
hfgsf/L
@)^& efi @* ut] uf8{g x'ssf] g]Q[Tjdf cfPsf] $ ;b:oLo
PkLhL k|ltlglw d08n -Asia Pacific Group on Money
Laundering_ nfO{;+3sf] sfof{no 9Nsf] If]qkf6Ldf :jfut
ul/of] . ;f]xL cj;/df ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? Pj+ e|d0f tf]nL
;b:ox? aLr dlg nfpG8l/ªsf ljljw kIfx? af/] lj:t[t
5nkmn ;DkGg eof] . o;df ;'grfFbL Joj;fon] v]Ng ;Sg]
e"ldsf / ;+3n] lgefpg' kg{ ] bfloTjsf ;DaGwdf klg
cfbfgk|bfg eof] . e|d0f tf]nLsf cGo ;b:ox?df u| ]u/
cSsfg -;f]lnl;6/ hg/n ckm Go"lhNof08_, ;Gtf]if z'Snf -
;]So'l/l6h P08 PS;r]Gh af]8{, OlG8of_ nufot x'g'x'GYof] eg]
g]kfn /fi6« a} +s tyf cGo ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx/ klg ;f] cj;/df
pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] .
;+34f/f 3f]lift cfGbf]ng @)^& df Jofks
;xeflutf
g]kfn /fi6« a} +sn] ;'grfFbL cfoftdf nufPsf]
kl/df0fTds aGb]h / cJofjxfl/s ljt/0f k|0ffnLn] ubf{ahf/df
;'grfFbLsf] r/d cefj l;h{gf eO Joj;fo ug{ 'kg{ ] cj:yf
cfPkl5 ;+3n] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . h; cg';f/ ldlt
@)^&÷)%÷)& b]lv @)^&÷)%÷)( ;Dd ;+3df cfj4
g]kfn el/sf ;'grfFbL k;nx? aGb u/L lj/f]w hgfOof] .
oxL l;nl;nfdf ebf}& ut] lj/f]w h'n'; Pj+ wgf{sf]
sfo{qmd ul/of] . h'4zflns, gofF;8sdf s]lGi o cWoIf >L
t]h/Tg zfSosf] cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf af/] ;+lIfKt dGtJo
kl5 df}g h'n';n] aL/ c:ktfn rf]s;Dd kl/qmdf u¥of] . ;f]
h'n';df Kn]sf8{ / Jofg/ ;lxt sf7df08f} +, eQmk'/, nlntk'/ /
sfe| ] zfvfsf ;b:ox? Pj+ ;'grfFbL Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt
k]zfsdL{tyf ;'e]R5'sx?sf] ljzfn hg;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
o;kl5 h'n';n] g]kfn /fi6« a} +ssf] k|j]z4f/ cufl8
s/Lj @ 306f 3gf{s;]sf] lyof] . s]lGi o cWoIf >L t]h/fh
zfSosf] g]t[Tjdf sf7df08f} +, nlntk'/ eQmk'/ / sfe| ] zfvf
cWoIf ;lxtsf] / ;b:oLo k|ltlglw d08nn] /fi6« a} +ssf
ueg{/ >L o'j/fh vltj8fHo"nfO{e]6L ;'grfFbL cfk"lt{
;d:ofsf] cljnDa, k|efjsf/L ;dfwfgsf] nflu 1fkgkq k|:t't
u¥of] .
/fi6« a} +ssf] k|j]z4f/df /x]sf] wgf{sf ;xefuLx?nfO{
wGojfb ;lxt slGi o sf]iffWoIf >L 1fgsfhL ;Tsf/ zfSo,
slGi o ;lrj >L lboz /Tg zfSo / sf7df08f} + zfvf ;lrj >L
dx]Gi /Th zfSo nufotn] ;Daf]wg ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
:j0f{ bk{0f

s]Gb| ultljlw
dlg nfpG8l/Ã sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf
@)^& d+;L/ !^ ut]df xf]6n ;fFlu|nfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] !
lbg] Introduction to money laundering risk
management ;]ldgf/df s]lGi o cWoIf th /Tg zfSo,
sf]iffWoIf 1fgsfhL ;Tsf/ zfSo, nlntk'/ zfvf cWoIf ?k
s'df/ zfSo, sfe| ] zfvf cWoIf >L /lag zfSo nufot ^ hgf
k|ltlglwn] ;xeflutf hgfOof] . Asia pacific group on
money laundering sf] pQm sfo{qmddf cWoIf t]h /Tg
zfSon] dlg nfpG8l/ªdf ;'grfFbL Joj;foaf6 kg{;Sg] c;/
af/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] .
cy{dGqL >L ;'/]Gb| kf08]Ho";Fu
dfu kq k|:t't
@)^&÷)%÷!% df ;'grfFbL clt Go"g cfk"lt{n] ubf{pTkGg
;d:of af/] cjut u/fpg cWoIf >L t]h /Tg zfSosf] g]t[Tj
Pp6f 8]lnu]zg tf]nLn] cy{dGqL >L ;'/]Gb| kf08]Ho";Fu
e]6jftf{u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu ( aF'b]
dfu kq k|:t't u¥of]
. tf]nLdf jl/i7 pkfWoIf >L dl0f /Tg zfSo, dxf;lrj dfl0fs
/Tg zfSo nufot ;lDdlnt x'g'x'GYof] .
;'grfFbL cfk"lt{;d:ofaf/]
cy{dGqfno;Dd 5nkmn
@)^&÷)%÷@* df cy{dGqfnodf cy{;lrj >L /fd]Zj/
vtfHo" nufotsf] tf]nL nflu / g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;fosf]
cWoIf >L t]h /Tg zfSo nufotsf] k|ltlglw d08n aLr
;'grfFbL Joj;fodf b]vf k/]sf] las/fn ;d:ofx?, o;sf]
;dfwfgsf] nflu cjnDag ul/g'kg{ ] tTsflng tyf lb3{sfnLg
pkfox? Aff/] ;f}xfb{k"0f{jftfj/0f 5nkmn ;DkGg eof] . ;f]
cj;/df g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] tkm{af6 ;'gdf k|lt
!) u|fd !))) / rfFbLdf k|lt lsnf] ;Dd eG;f/ nufP/
ePklg cfoft v'Nnf ug{ 'kg{ ] / Joj;fo ug{;xh jftfj/0f
agfpg' kg{ ]df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .
g]uf]l;8f %@
yfO{k|ltlglw d08nsf] e|d0f ;DkGg
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 / g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3sf]
lgkGq0fdf yfO{h]D; P08 Hj]n/L 6« ]8;{/ zf]l;ogsf] rf/
;b:oLo k|ltlglw d08nn] @)^^ kf}if ! b]lv $ lbg ;Dd
g]kfnsf] cf}krfl/s e|d0f ;DkGg u¥of] .
k|yd pklgb{ ]zs ;fdfO{tf]rf/f]gsf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf]
k|ltlglw d08ndf l4tLo ;xsf]ifWoIf rf]Dkmf]n kmf]g{lrG8f/fs,
lnofhf] lgb{ ]zs PG6f]gL lk6/ a| 's / >LdtL
x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx?nfO{pQm sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs L>
1fg'/fh zfSo nufot d]nf ;ldltsff ;b:ox?n] lqe'jg
ljdfg:yndf :jut ug{ 'eof] . g]kfn a;fO{ qmddf g]kfn
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 tyf g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3 ;Fu 5'§f5'§}
cf}krfl/s a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . b'a}a}7ssf cj;/df
g]kfndf Hj]n/L d]nf ug{ ] tyf a} +Ís Hj]n/L d]nfdf g]kfnsf]
tkm{af6 kfldlnog -:6n_ /fVg] ;DaGwdf Pj+ k|ljlw nufot
cGo ;xof]u cfbfgk|bfgsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
e|d0f 6f]nLn] :joDe"gfy, af}Wbgfy, j;Gtk'/ b/af/,
sfe| ]sf] gdf]a'4 dlGb/, eQmk'/ b/af/ :Sjfo/ nufot kf]v/fsf]
cjnf]sg u/]sf] lyof] . e|d0f 6fnLnfO{cWoIf >L th] /Tg
zfSon] dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ug{ ' eof] eg] cf cfkm\gf] lhNnfdf
eQmk'/ zfvf, sfe| ] zfvf / sf:sL zfvfn] klg :jfut ub} {dfofsf]
lrgf] k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!* cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
s] tkfO{nfO{ cfsif{s l8hfOgsf ;'gsf] km'nL rflxPsf] 5 <
To;f] eP xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .
;fydf ;'gsf] -hs{g_ 6k, k~r/Tg cf} +7L, r'/f / rfFbLsf
;fdfgx¿ cf} +7L, a|f;n]6, l;qmL, kfph' / ljleGg a6\6fx?
xf]n;]n efpdf pknAw 5 .
uf}td ah|frfo{
nfos', l7dL, eQmk'/ lhNnf
kmf]g M )!–^^##(!$, df]afOn M (*$!@)@#*@
cl:6«og (Signity) / cd]l/sg hs{g klg xf]n;]n
d"Nodf pknAw 5 .
:j0f{ bk{0f

sf7df8f} + zfvf
!_ ldlt @)^^ $ # ut] o; ;+3sf ;b:o RK Hj]n;{sf
k|f]kfO{6/ >L /fh]Gb| zfSonfO{7uL d'2fdf km;fO{Psf]
;DaGwdf zfvfn] ljleGg e]63f6 u/L ;d:ofnfO{;dfwfg
ug{k|of; u/]sf] 5 . o; afx]s s]lGb|o kbflwsf/L ;d]tsf]
/f]xa/df k|x/L k|wfg sfo{noaf6 ;f]lwPsf] kqsf] hjfkm
zfvf ;b:osf] lxtnfO{Wofgdf /fv]/ kq rnfg ul/Psf]
5 .
@_ ldlt @)^^ )% )^ ut]sf lbg g]kfn ;'grfFbL
Joj;foL ;+3 sf7df78f} + zfvf, l;ld|s o'jf kl/jf/ / ldq
o'jf Sof]s'lzg s/fFt] Snasf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf
cfof]lht v'Nnf /Qmbfg sfo{qmddf zfvf ;b:ox?
;+nUg eO{eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
#_ zfvf Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna ;do
cg's'n ldnfpg Full Duty ug] {sd{rf/Lsf] tna
:s]n @%Ü sf] b/n] / Half duty ug] {sd{rf/Lsf] :s]n
!%Ü sf] b/n] a[4L ug] {lg0f{o ul/of] / ! hgf sd{rf/L ;d]t
efp ljt/0fsf] nflu yk ul/Psf] 5 .
$_ s]lGb|o ?kdf k|fKt ljleGg kqx? rf]/L vf]n'jf /
;"rgfx?, pBf]u gLlt ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, /fi6« a} +saf6
k|fKt kqx?, ;b:ox?nfO{;"lrt / ;r]t t'Nofpg]
;s{ 'n/ u/L k7fO{Psf] 5 .
%_ jflif{s ?kdf ;b:ox?n] cfGtl/s /fh:j sfo{nodf
a'emfpg] cfos/ ;+3sf] g} ljz]if kxndf k/fdz{lbO{clu|d
?kdf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}gfktf}n ljefusf] 8f]/
sd{rf/L lgoldt 9s t/fh' gljs/0f ug{zfvf sfo{nodf
g}8f]/ vltO{cfpg' eO{ ;b:o ;fyLx?sf] 9s t/fh'
gljs/0f ;DkGg ePsf] hfgsf/L ub{5 .
^_ ldlt @)^^ !! )$ ut] g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf Joj;foL
;+3sf pkfWoIf >L 4f/Lsf z+s/Ho"sf] afg]Zj/ l:yt
k;ndf xltof/wf/L ;d'xn] wgdfn, u/ uxgf, n'6]sf]
lj/f]wdf g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3, sf7df08f} + zfvf /
snf Joj;foL ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm ;dGjo ul/ kmfNu'0f !# /
!$ ut] lj/f]w :j?k b'j};+3sf k;n, Joj;fo / sf/f]af/
aGb u/L dGqL >L eLd /fjnHo"nfO{1fkg kq
lbO{ck/flwnfO{sf/jflx ug{bjfa lbg] sfo{qmd eof] .
g]uf]l;8f
lhNnf zfvf ultljlw
&_ Joj;foLx?sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu k|efudf gofF 8/aGbL
cg';f/ lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg cfpg' ePsf k|x/L lgl/Ifs >L
cjb]z ljitHo" ;Fu cfklz kl/ro / o; If]qsf] ;'/Iff
;DaGwL cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ ;'grfFbL
Joj;foLsf] ;'/IffnfO{ljz]if ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{xflb{s cg'/f]w
ug{ ] sfo{eof] .
*_ R.K. Jewellers afËd'9fdf k;n kmf]8]/ rf]/Lsf]
36gf ePsf] xF'bf
;'grfFbLsf rf]/L ePsf ;fdfgx?sf] l6kf]6
ul/ lkl8t ;b:osf] dfu cg';f/ k| ]; n]Vg] sfo{eof] / pQm
rf]/L ePsf ;fdfgx? ;b:ox?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;s{ 'n/
ul/ k7fO{Psf] 5 .
(_ sf7df08f} + zfvf / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?
aLr xflb{stf a9fpg gofF jif{@)^& sf ljleGg z'esfdgf
cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ] sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL eO{z'esfdgf
cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!)_ ldlt @)^& h]i7 !@ ut] sfo{;ldltsf] zlgaf/ k;n
aGb ug{ ] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{sfo{sf/L0fL ;b:ox? ;d]t
ahf/ cg'udgdf hfg] lg0f{o ul/of] . ahf/ cg'udg
ubf{:kl:6s/0f lng] sfo{ePsf] 5 .
!!_ xf]6n xf/tLdf hg;]jfsf k|x/L O{Grfh{cjb]z lji6,
sf7df08f} + lhNnf kl/;/sf P;= lk= /d]z v/]n / s]/sf/
zfvfsf P;= lk= ;d]t /fvL zfvfsf ;b:ox? aLr ;'grfFbL
vl/b laqmL k|lqmof / ;'grfFbLsf] k;nx?sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
!@_ :yfgLo ;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|x/L k|efusf] ejg
lh0f{eO{ejg lgdf0f{ug{ ] ;DaGwL k|f]h]S6df o; zfvfnfO{klg
;lqmo ejg lgdf{0f sldltdf /fVg] lg0f{o ePsf] xF'bf
sfo{;ldltn] ;d]t pQm lg0f{onfO{;xif{kfl/t u/]sf] / pQm
ejg lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf ?kdf nfUg] l;d]G6 @% af]/f zfvfn]
;xofu ug{ ] lg0f{o eof] . o;sf ;fy}b}lgs ?kdf ahf/
k]6f]lnË ug{ ] k|x/L hjfgx?nfO{bz} + vr{jfkt hg;]jf k|x/L
sfo{nonfO{?= %,)))÷ gub lbO{Psf] 5 .
!#_ ldlt @)^& ;fn efb| & ut] a} +ssf] kl/kq g+= %$# df
pNn]v ePsf] wf/fx?sf] lj/f]w :j?k cfkm\gf] k;n aGb
u/ ;b:ox? ;lxt /fi6« a} +ssf] k|fË0fdf wgf{sfo{qmd ul/of]
%#
zfvfsf] ultljlw
:j0f{ bk{0f

zfvfsf] ultljlw
. To kZrft ;d]t b'O{lbg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{1fkg kq a'emfO{, zfvfsf
sfo{sfl/l0fx? Afhf/ cg'udgdf uO{ahf/ aGb u/fpg]
lg0f{o eof] . g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
lj/f]ws}sf/0f ;/sf/L txn] ;d]t ahf/df ;'gsf]
cfk"lt{a9fpg /fi6« a} +ssf] 9's'l6df /x]sf !)) lsnf] ;'g /
!),)))÷ lsnf] rfFbL af]n saf]naf6 lnnfd abfab ul/
laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ] ;/sf/L lg0f{o eof] .
!$_ /fi6« a} +sdf ;'gsf] af]n saf]ndf efu lng]
;b:ox?nfO{;+3sf] tkm{af6 a}Bflgs ;b:o ePsf]
kl/ro b]lvg] ul/ l;kmfl/; lbO{of] .
s]lGb|o sfo{nonfO{a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf] n]le o;}kq
cg';f/ k|lt ;b:o ?= @%)÷ n] x'g cfpg] ^),)))÷
cIf]?kL ?= ;fL xhf/ ;d]t r]saf6 e'QmfgL x'g]
;xif{hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f} + . cfufdL lbgx?df s]lGb|o
sfo{no / zfvf sfo{nox? aLr plrt tfnd]n sfod
u/L ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg x'g] g}5 eGg] ljZjf; o;
sfo{;ldltsf] /x]sf] 5 .
g]uf]l;8f
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!(cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
lty{ /Tg ah|frfo{ P08 ;G;
nlntk'/, ufaxfn–!*, cf]gaxfn
kmf]g g+= %%##)%%
c;nL ;'g rfFbL vl/b laqmLsf] nflu ;w}
+
xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .
%$
nlntk'/ zfvf
!_ ;fs{6« « ]8 km]o/ @))( e'6fgdf ;xeflutf M
@)^^ ef› @# ut] b]lv @( ut];Dd e"6fgsf] /fhwfgL
lyDk"df ;DkGg gjf};fs{6« « ]8 km]o/df o; nlntk'/ zfvfn] @ j6f
:6n a'lsª, u/L ;kmntfk"j{s cGt/fli6« « {o :t/sf] k|bz{gLdf
;xefuL eof] / uQm 6« « ]8 k]mo/df o; ;+3af6 sfo{ ;ldltsf *
hgf JolQmx?n] ;xefuLtf hgfPsf] lyof] . ;fy}o; kZrft
Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|a4{g s]G›n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;fs{6« « ]8 km]o/
@))( sf] d"NofÍg ufi7Ldf klg ;xefuL eO{dxTjk"0f{;'emfj k]z
u/]sf] lyof] .
@_ g]kfn ;Dat !!#) Gx"u' bF sf] pknIodf leGt'gf ¥oflndf
;xefuL M
olx ldlt @)^^ sflQ{s @ ut]sf lbg nlntk'/df cfof]lht gofF
jif{!!#) Gx"u' bFof leGt'gf ¥oflndf ;Dk"0f{kbflwsf/Lju{;lxt
;b:ox? ¥oflndf ;xefuL eO{leGt'gf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ] sfo{eof]
.
#_ Joj;fo s/, cfosf/ btf{tyf gljs/0f sfo{;DkGg M
olx ldlt @)^^ kf}if @% ut]sf] lbg o; nlntk'/ zfvfn]
;Dk"0f{;b:o dxfg'efjx?nfO{;+3sf] sfof{nodf
af]nfO{;Dk"0f{ljlwut k|lqmof k'¥ofO{gu/kflnsfsf] Joj;fo s/ /
cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nodf cfos/ a'emfpg] sfo{;DkGg eof]
;fy};b:ox?sf] ;b:otf gljs/0f sfo{klg ;DkGg eof] .
$_ 9s t/fh'df 6fFrf nufpg] sfo{;DkGg M
lox ldlt @)^^ kf}if @% ut] zlgjf/sf lbg g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf
gfktf}n ljefuaf6 sd{rf/Lx? Af]nfO{9s t/fh' tyf On]lS6«s
sfF6fdf 6fFrf nufpg] sfo{;DkGg ul/of] .
%_ g]jfM :joQ /fHo 3f]if0ff ;efdf ;xefuLtf M
olx ldlt @)^^ kf}if !! ut] bz/y /Ëzfnfdf ;DkGg gjfM
:jfoQ /fHo 3f]if0ff ;efdf o; nlntk'/ zfvfsf
;Dk"0f{kbflwsf/Lju{x? ;lDdlnt eof] .
^_ PAN ;Ktfx sfo{qmddf ;xefuL M
nlntk'/ cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu / nlntk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo
;+3sf] nfof]hgfdf ePsf] PAN ;Ktfx sfo{qmddf o; ;+3sf]
;lqmo ;xefuLtf /Xof] .
&_ k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{;xof]u M
k'Nrf]s k|x/L kl/;/sf k|x/L lg/LIfs efUodfg tfdfË Ho"sf]
cg'/f]wdf a9\bf] l;lqm n'Tg] k|j[ltnfO{lg?T;fx ug{;'gsf] hnk
nufO{Psf l;lqmx? Kf|bfg u/]/ ;xof]u ug{ ] sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] .
*_ “;'/Iff pks/0f” ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg M
olx ldlt @)^^ df3 @@ ut] zlgjf/sf lbg o; nlntk'/
zfvfn] o'lgkmf]g 6]lnsd OG8li6«hsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf “;'/Iff
:j0f{ bk{0f

pks/0f” ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] .
nlntk'/ k|x/L kl/;/sf k|x/L pkl/Ifs >L ljqmd l;+
yfkfHo"sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf
Joj;foLx?nfO{rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff pks/0f ljifodf hfgsf/L
o'lgkmf]g 6]lnsdsf] 8fO/]S6/lj;g k|wfgHo"n] lbg' ePsf] lyof]
. ;f]lx sfo{qmddf nlntk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIfHo",
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 s]G›sf tkm{af6 jl/i7 pkfWoIf
>L dl0f/Tg zfSo, k|x/L lgl/Ifs /]zd k/fh'lnaf6 sfo{qmd
af/] cfkm\gf] dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . dWodf~rn If]lqo
pkfWoIf Pj+ o; zfvfsf ;+:yfks cWoIf >L 1fg'/fhf
zfSoHo"n] ;ldIffTds dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;efsf]
;efkltTj ;WoIf >L ?ks'df/ zfSoHo"n] ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]
sfo{qmddf ;'/Iff pks/0f v/Lbsf] nfuL nlntk'/zfvfsf]
l;kmfl/; ePdf #)Ü 5'6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
(_ “rfFbLdf s]8ldod ld;fj6sf] k|efj” ljifos cGt/lqmof
sfo{qmddf ;xefuLtf M
g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+34f/f cfof]lht “rfFbLdf s]8ldod
ld;fj6sf] k|efj” ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf
;Dk"0f{kbflwsf/Lju{x? ;lDdlnt x'g] sfo{;DkGg eof] .
!)_ zfvf e|d0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg M
olx ldlt @)^^ kmfu'0f @! Uft]b]lv @^ ut] ;Dd ;+3sf] ljleGg
zfvfx?sf] e|d0f ug{ ] p2]Zo cg'?k pkTosf aflx/ hfg]
qmddf dsjfgk"/ zfvf, lrtjg zfvf, sfl:s zfvf / uf]/vf
u/L hDdf $ j6f zfvfx?df ;kmntfk"j{s e|d0f sfo{;DkGg
ul/of] . o; e|d0fdf “;'g rfFbL Joj;fodf b]lvPsf ;d:of
r'gf}lt / cj;/” ljifodf ;fd'lxs 5nkmn x'g'sf ;fy}zfvf
zfvf ljrdf s;/L d}qLk"0f{;DaGw clea[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 eg]
ljifodf klg lj:t[t ?kdf 5nkmn u/L k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf
s]lG›o ;+3sf cWoIf Ho"nfO{a'emfpg] sfo{klg e|d0f
nut};DkGg u/LPsf] lyof] .
!!_ /Qmbfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg M
olx ldlt @)^& a}zfv ( ut] g]kfn ;'g rfFbL Joj;fo ;+3,
nlntk'/ zfvf / Hj]N;\art tyf C9f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf nlntk'/sf] xMvf l:yt sf]6df /Qmbfg
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd hDdf *$%
hgfn] /Qmbfg ug{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf /Qm ;+rf/
s]G›sf cWoIf >L dx]G› ljnf; hf]zLHo" k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf
/x]sf] lyof] .
!@_ zflGt ¥ofnLdf ;xefuLtf M
olx ldlt @)^& a}zfv @$ ut] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf]
cfJxfgdf cfof]lht a[xt zflGt ¥ofnLdf o; ;+3sf
;Dk"0f{sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L ju{x?af6 ;xefuLtf hgfpg]
sfo{;DkGg eof] .
g]uf]l;8f
!#_ “;b:o /fxt sf]if” :yfkgf M
ut jif{sf] !% cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t “;b:o /fxt sf]if”
:yfkgf cGt{ut k|To]s ;b:ox?af6 ?= %,)))÷ ;+sng u/L
/fxt sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ] sfo{cg'?k zt k|ltzt ;+sng eO{NDEP
a} +sdf d'2tL vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] 5 .
!$_ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL sflnu9sf] tYofÍ ;+sng M
o; nlntk'/ zfvfsf ;b:ox? cGtu{t sfo{/t g]kfn tyf
ljb]zl sflnu9x? nufot nlntk'/ gu/ If]qdf cnu a;] sfd
ug{ ] ;Dk"0f{sflnu9x?sf] ljj/0f ;+sng u/L tYofÍ ;+sng ug{ ]
sfo{ltj| ?kdf cuf8L a9fOPsf] 5 .
!%_ ;Nnfsf/ ;ef ;DkGg M
ldlt @)^& a}zfv @% ut]sf lbg o; zfvfsf] ;Nnfsf/ ;ef
;DkGg ul/of] . o; zfvfnfO{eljiosf lbgx?df s;/L cufl8
lnP/ hfg] nufot zfvfdf /x]sf ljleGg ;d:of tyf cj;/x?
af/] pQm cj;/df ;fd'lxs ?kdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . pf]
;rfdf ;Nnfxsf/x? >L a'l4/fh ah|frfo{, lty{dfg zfSo,
1fg/fh zfSo, b'08 axfb'/ ah|frfo{/ lty{/Tg ah|frfo{sf]
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
!^_ gofF ;b:otf k|bfg M
of] jif{@)^^÷)^& ;fndf o; zfvfdf ( hjfg
JolQmx?nfO{;b:otf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
!_ /fh' ah|frfo{
@_ cf]d/fh ah|frfo{
#_ /fs]z ah|frfo{
$_ ;'/]z l/hfn
%_ k| ]d zfSo
^_ b]jsfhL zfSo
&_ dx]zdfg ah|frfo{
*_ clgn ah|frfo{
(_ ;'/]z zfSo
!(_ nlntk'/ pBf]u jfl0Ho ;+3sf] ;b:otf u|x0f M
oxL ldlt @)^& >fj0f !& ut]sf lbg nlntk'/ pBf]u jl0fHo
;+3sf] ;b:otf u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . eljiodf jfl0fHo ;+3 ;Fu ldn]/
eflj sfo{qmdx? u/]/ hfg] of]hgf ;+3n] lnPsf] 5 .
@)_ !^ cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg M
@)^& >fj0f @@ ut] zlgaf/ nlntk'/ zfvfsf] !^ cf} + jflif{s
;fwf/0f ;ef nlntk'/ ljzfnahf/ ejgdf ;DkGg eof] .
zfvfsf] cWoIf >L ?k s'df/ zfSo Ho"sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg
pQm sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo cltly s]lG›o cWoIf >L t]h /Tg zfSo
x'g'x'GYof] . ;efdf jl/i7 pkfWoIf dl0f /Tg zfSo, pkfWIf
1fg'/fh zfSo, nlntk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 cWoIf, tyf cfe"if0f
;+3 cWoIf, jl/i7 k|x/L clws[t Ho"x? nufPtn] z'esfdgf
dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
%%
zfvfsf] ultljlw
:j0f{ bk{0f

zfvfsf] ultljlw
!_ cWoIf zfSofgsf] /fhLgfdf kl5 pkfWoIf >L ci6 ah|
zfSonfO{sfo{afxs cWoIf rog ul/of] .
@_ lbn zf]ef ah|frfo{nfO{ls8\gL pkrf/sf] nflu ?=
@),*%)÷, g]jf :jfoQ u0f/fHo 3f]if0ff sfo{qmdsf] nflu
?= %,)))÷ cfly{s ;xof]u ul/of] . o:t}d'lg laxf/ tyf
eQmk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu klg
cfly{s ;xof]u pl/of] .
#_ eQmk'/ af}4 ;Dkbf ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{u/L cufl8 a9\g
;xdlt kqdf x:tfIf/ ul/of] .
$_ @)^&÷)$÷@) ut] kl/rofTds ;'/Iff uf]i7L ;DkGg
eof] . h;df dxfgu/Lo k|x/L k|efusf k|x/L pk/LIfs >L
/fh]Gb| >]i7, k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs Zofdnfn 1fjnL
nufotn] ;'/Iff cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] ;f]xL
cj;/df zfvfsf] tkm{af6 sf=a= cWoIf lx/fah|
zfSoHo"n] ;fOsn x:tfGt/0f ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
g]uf]l;8f
eQmk'/ zfvf
Hj]n/L tflnd ;DkGg
!_ sfe| ] zfvfsf] Joj:yfkg ;xof]udf zx/L tyf jftfj/0fLo
;'wf/ kl/of]hgf (UEIP) sf] tTjfjwfgdf “u/uxgf agfpg] ”
!) lbg] tflnd @)^^ d+;L/ @@ b]lv kf}if ;Dd zfvfsf]
;lrjfno sIfdf ;DkGg eof] . :yfgLo !@ hgf
k|lzIffyL{/x]sf] pQm tflnddf >L k'if/Tg zfSo k|d'v k|lzIfs
tyf /ljg zfSo k|lzIfs x'g'x'GYof] ;fy}lbo]z /Tg zfSon]
;}4flGts lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
%_ efb| ^ / & ut] ;'grfFbLsf] ;xh cfk"lt{sf] nflu bjfa
lbg s]lGb|o sfo{noaf6 cfXjfg ePsf] aGb sfo{qmddf
P]Soa4tf k|s6 ub{ }eQmk'/ lhNnf leqsf ;'grfFbL k|x/L sfo{nonfO{ ;fOsn k|bfg
k;nx? aGb ul/of] .
@_ sfe| ] zfvfn] O{nfsf k|x/L sfo{no, ag]kfnfO{x:tfGt/0f
u/]sf] 5 .
^_ >L dgf]h ah|frfo{, sf]zntf/, k'ik/tg a'4frfo{O6f5] +, j8f bz}tyf ltxf/sf] ;dodf x'g ;Sg] ck/flws 36gf /f]Sg
eQmk'/ / lx/fah| Hf]n;{k|f=ln= l7dLnfO{zfvfsf] gofF Onfsf k|x/L sfo{nonfO{;3fpg ;f] k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] . ;f]
;b:otf lbg] lg0f{o ul/of] .
sfo{qmddf zfvf cEoIf ;ljg Pj+ k|x/L lg/LIfs ?k]z
v8\sfn] hg:t/sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;'/Iff k|aGwdf k'Ug] kmfObf
&_ @)^& sflt{s @& ut] l;4kf]v/L kf6L{Kn];df zfvfsf] af/] pNn]v ug{ 'eof] .
!& cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg eof] . ;efsf] k|d'v #_ sfe| ] zfvfsf] kGw|f}jflif{s ;ef ;DkGg
cltYotf slGb|o cWoIf >L t]h/Tg zfSon] ug{ ' ePsf] sfe| ] zfvfsf] kGw|f}jflif{s ;ef @)^& kf}if !# ut]
lyof] . pxfFn] of] jif{;'g cfk'lt{df ;/sf/n] kl/df0fTds knf~rf]s eujtL l:yt xf]6n Ao"l6km"ndf ;DkGg eof] .
aGb]h nufPkl5 Joj;fo c:tJo:t ePsf] pNn]v zfvfsf cWoIf >L /ljg zfSosf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm
ub{ };d:of;Fu h'Wg Pstfsf] cfjZostfdf cfjZostfdf sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly s]lG›o cWoIf >L t]h /Tg zfSon]
k|sfz kfg{ ' eof] . zfvfsf sfo{afxs cWoIf >L ci6 ah| b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{cfly{s kl/;"rsx? gsf/fTds ePsf]
zfSosf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf sfo{no cj:yfdf xfnsf] cj:yfnfO{;+s6sf] 38L dfg]/ ;+oldt
;lrj ljho zfSonfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ef jflif{s eP/ sfd ug{cg'/f]w ug{ ' eof] . ;fy}pxfFn] yKb}eGg'eof]
k|ltj]bg ;lrj kb\d ;'Gb/ zfSon] / cfly{s k|ltj]bg rfFbLsf] cfoft k"0f{?kdf v'Nnf eP h:t};'g cfoft klg
k"0f{ah| ah|frfo{n] k|:t't ug{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
vf]Ngsf] nflu cfjZos kxn sbdL ug{;+3n] s'g} s;/
afFsL /fv]sf] 5}g .
;efn] ;lrj >L ;'utxif{ah|frfo{/ sf]iffWoIf >L
bfgsfhL ah|frfo{n] k|:t't ug{ ' ePsf] qmdzM k|ult k|ltj]bg
/ cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;j{;Ddtn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] .
%^
sfe| ] zfvf
:j0f{ bk{0f

zfvfsf] ultljlw
g]uf]l;8f
l;Gw'kfNrf]s zfvf
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ldlt @)^& o; ;+3sf] !@ cf} + jflif{sf]T;j tyf !# cf} + ;fwf/0f
c;f/ % ut] s]G›Lo jl/i7 pkfWoIf >L dl0/Tg zfSoHo"sf] ;ef ldlt @)^^ ;fn kmfu'g @$ ut] ;f]daf/sf lbg pBf]u
k|d'v cfltYodf rf}tf/fdf ;DkGg ePsf] t];|f] jflif{s jfl0fHo ;+3 ;'g;/Lsf] ldn]lgod xndf eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg
;fwf/0f;ef tyf k|yd clwj]zgn] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] gjul7t ePsf] 5 . ;f] lbg klxnf] ;qdf !&) hgfsf] pkl:yltdf al/i7
sfo{;ldlt lglj{/f]w ;j{;Ddt rog u/]sf] 5 .
k|x/L pkl/Ifs >L ldªdf/ nfdfHo"sf] k|d'v cfltYo Pj+ ;+3sf
!_ cWoIf M >L ;'Aaf ;'gf/
s]lG›o al/i7 pkfWoIf >L dl0f /Tg zfSoHo"sf] ljz]if
@_ pkfWoIf M >L ;'j]z ;'gf/
pkl:yltdf pb\3f6g ;df/f]x ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm
#_ pkfWoIf M >L Zofds'df/ bfxfn
;df/f]xdf k'/fgf ;'grfFbL Joj;foL hgs klnv] / hLtaxfb'/
$_ ;lrj M >L /ljG›s'df/ vftL
zfSoHo'x?nfO{;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf]
%_ sf]iffWoIf M >L jL/]G›/Tg zfSo
cWoIftf cWoIf >L df]xgsfhL zfSoHo"n] ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] eg]
^_ ;b:o M >L ;'/]G› ;'gf/
;lrj >L /fh]z cu|jfnHo"n] ;+3sf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{ 'sf
&_ ;b:o M >L ;f]daxfb'/ ;'gf/
;fy}sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] .
*_ ;b:o M >L u0f]zaxfb'/ >]i7
sfo{qmddf w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] lgldQ sfo{sf/L
clws[t vu]G› vltj8f, O{nfsf k|zf;g sfof{no w/fgsf k|d'v
af/f zfvf
/fddl0f kf]v/]n, cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nosf k|d'v s/
clws[t o1k|;fb 9'+u]n,
s]lG›o jl/i7 pkfWoIf dl0f /Tg zfSo,
@)^&÷)!÷!# ut]df o; zfvfsf] sfo{;ldlt tyf ;fwf/0f pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;'g;/Lsf k|yd pkfWoIf ;/f]h >]i7, ;+3sf
;b:o ;d]tsf] a;]sf] ;+o'Qm a}7saf6 lj:t[t 5nkmn kZrft al/i7 ;Nnfxsf/ dgf]hs'df/ d]ofËaf], ;+3sf] sfg'gL
tk;Ln adf]lhdsf] gofF sfo{;ldlt ltg jif{sf] nflu u7g ;Nnfxsf/ x]d/fh kf]v/]nn] dGtJo JoQm ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] .
ul/Psf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f} + .
;df/f]xdf s]lG›o dxf;lrj >L dfl0fs zfSoHo"sf] klg
tkl;n
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cWoIf >L df]xgsfhL zfSoHo"n]
cWoIf M >L lzjs'df/ ;/f{km
sfo{qmddf sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L, ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ k|d'v
pkfWoIf M >L ef]nf ;/f{km
cltly tyf cltlyHo"x?nfO{pkxf/ k|bfg ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] .
sf]iffWoIfM >L wgLnfn ;/f{km
;fy}sfo{;ldltsf] tkm{af6 pkfWoIf >L ;'lgn cu|jfn /
dxf;lrj M>L /fhs'df/ ;/f{km
sf]ifWoIf >L ls;g df:s]Ho"n] cWoIfHo"nfO{pkxf/ k|bfg
;lrj M >L /fhs'df/ ;fx ;/f{km
ug{ 'ePsf] lyof].
;b:o M >L e'k]Gb| ;/f{km
;b:o M >L w| 'j ;/f{km
;f] lbg bf];|f ;qdf sf]iffWoIf >L ls;g df:s] / ;lrj >L /fh]z
;b:o M >L /fh" ;/f{km
cu|jfnHo"n] cfcfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL
;b:o M >L /fh]Gb| ;/f{km
;qdf lgjf{rg cfo'Qm >L dbg sdf{rfo{Ho"sf] kxndf ;+3sf]
;b:o M >L dgf]h ;/f{km
gofF sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg klg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;f]
;b:o M >L lxtgf/fo0f ljZjsdf{
lgjf{rgdf lgDgcg';f/sf] ;ldlt lglj{/f]w ?kdf rog ePsf] 5
;b:o M >L ljsf; s'df/ ;/f{km
.
lrtjg zfvf
ldtL @)^&÷)!÷)^ df g]kfn ;'grFfbL Joj;foL ;+3 lrtjg
zfvf cGtu{t k"j{ lrtjg tyf clwj]zg ;ldtLsf cWoIf >L
;Dz]/ rf}yf] ;fwf/0f ;ef tyf clwj]zg, l4lto pkfWoIf >L
hLjg Hof]tL ;bfz+s/sf] k|d'v cfltYo, zfvf ;lrj 6'ns
ljZjsdf{sf] ljlzi6 cfltYo, zfvf ;b:o /d]zrGb| ;bfz+s/
nufot :yflgo ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] ;x
pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] pkzfvfsf k"j{;s[o ;b:o :j=
j'4L /fh l3ld/]sf] kmf]6f]df k'ik ck{0f ub{ } ! ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ul/
pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf v'Nnf;qdf ljleGGf cltlyx?
ljlzi6 cltly, / k|d"v cltlyaf6 ;'grfFbL Joj;fosf ljljw
kIfdf k|sfz kfb{ };dfKt ePsf] lyof] eg] aGb;qdf k|ult
k|ltj]bg tyf cfly{s k|ltj]bg kfl/t ub{ }gofF sfo{;ldlt u7g
u/L cGTodf lgjt{dfg sfo{;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{kbflwsf/Lx? /
cltlyx?nfO{dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ub{ }xif|f] {pNnf;do jftfa/0fdf
gofF jif{sf] v';LofnL ;f6\b};DkGg ePsf] 5 .
%&
w/fg zfvf
;+rfns ;ldlt
cWoIf M ;'lgn cu|jfn
pkfWoIf M ls;g df:s]
;lrj M /fh]z cu|jfn
sf]iffWoIf M /f]h]z zfSo
;x;lrj M lnnf z+s/
sf=sf= ;b:o M s'df/ >]i7, /fh]z >]i7, of]jg v8\uL, dgf]h
cu|jfn, z}n]z pbf;, /f]xg xf8f
;f] lbgsf] $ah] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;'g;/Lsf gjlgjf{lrt
sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{;+3sf] tkm{af6 :jfut ;Ddfg
ul/Psf] lyof] .
:j0f{ bk{0f

uf]/vf zfvf
o; g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 zfvf sfof{no uf]/vfsf]
ljwfg adf]lhd oxL @)^&÷)!÷)$ ut] zlgaf/sf lbg If]qLo
pkfWoIf >L df]xgnfn ljZjsdf{ Ho"sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf
;fwf/0f ;ef tyf clwj]zg ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf
ljleGg bnsf k|ltlglwx?, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L Ho", k|x/L
gfoj pkl/Ifs Ho", uf]/vf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 uf]/vfsf cWoIf
Ho", g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3 uf]/vfsf ;efklt Ho", o; ;+:yfsf]
lgjt{dfg cWoIf Ho", ;Nnfxfsf/ Ho" / ljleGg zfvfsf
cWoIf Ho"x? cltlysf] ?kdf kfNg' ePsf] lyof] . clwj]zg
lgs}pT;fx / pdËsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;fy};efn]
gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] lyof] h'g o; k|sf/ 5g\ .
cWoIf M >L cDd/ 3tfg] -lj=s]=_
pkfWoIf M >L kj{ljZjsdf{
;lrj M >L s[i0f axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
;x ;lrj M >L od axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
sf]iffWoIf M >L cd[t ljZjsdf{
;b:ox? M >L ?b|nfn v8\sf ;'gf/
>L ;Gho ;'gf/
>L bof/fd l3ld/]
g]uf]l;8f
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf]
!( cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
/f]on Hj]n;{
Go"/f]8
kmf]g M $@@#(%$ -k;n_
$@***## -3/_
%*
kj{t zfvf
zfvfsf] ultljlw
pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf oxL ldlt @)^^ ;fn kf}if !* ut] g]kfn
;'grfFlb Joj;foL ;+3 kj{t zfvfsf] bf];|f] zfvf clwj]zg tyf
;fwf/0f ;ef kj{t lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd s':dfahf/sf] xf]6n
aGbgf k|f=ln= df eJo ;df/f]xsf aLr ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmdsf
k|d'v cltly g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
OZj/h+u /fhe08f/LHo" tyf g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf
lgjt{dfg s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf a'l2axfb'/ uxt/fh, afUn'ª zfvfsf
cWoIf dfgsfhL ljZjsdf{ nufotsf cltlyHo"x?sf]
;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] . cwj]zgn] ;j{;Ddt ?kdf gofF
sfo{;ldlt ;d]t rog u/]sf]5 . gkul7t sfo{;ldltsf] ljj/0f
o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
!= cWoIf M >L lgd{n ljZjsdf{
@= pkfWoIf M >L nvg ;'gf/
#= pkfWoIf M >L yfgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{
$= ;lrj M >L ljsf; ljZjsdf{
%= sf]iffWoIf M >L s'df/ ljZsdf{
^= ;x;lrj M >L gf/fo0fnfn vfFtL
&= ;xsf]ifWoIf M >L wgl;+x ljZjsdf{
*= ;b:o M >L s[i0faxfb'/ ;'gf/
(= ;b:o M >L lagf]b ljqmd kf]v/]n
!)= ;b:o M >L cDd/ ljZjsdf{
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u[x/fHodGqLHo"n] zflGt ;'/Ifsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ]
cfZjf;g lbFb} pNn]lvt 36gfx? af/]klg k|x/L k|zf;gdf cfjZos
lgb{ ]zg lbO oyflz3| ck/fwLx? kQf nufpg kxn ug{ ] s'/f atfpg'
ePsf] 5 .
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ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef
sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5f} + .
SILVER PALACE P. Ltd.
Manufacturer & Wholesaler
6/38 New Road,(Right Side of Global Bank) Kathmandu, Nepal
P.O.Box No: 370, Ph. No: 01 4221424, Mobile No: 9841299034
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dxfsfnL gbLdf yk sfo{cufl8 a9fPsf] eP cfh;Dd g]kfnn]
;'g cfkm} + pTkfbg ug{ ;SYof],Ú pgn] eg], …;fg] s'/fdf klg
/fhgLlt xfjL x'g] d'n'sdf sxfF pBf]ueGbf km:6fpF5, ;/sf/n]
rfx]df k|ljlw / bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{;S5 .Ú
;'g tf]nfsf] $) xhf/
gful/s
-@)^& ÷)* ÷!^_
jfl0fHo dGqfnon] cfoft v'nf u/]sf] ef]lnkN6
5 . p;n] g]kfndf gd'gf k/LI0f ug{ ] k|ljlw cefjsf sf/0f rLg Jofkf/Ln] ;'gsf] efp tf]nfdf $ ;o @% ?k}ofF a9fPsf 5g\ .
nu]/ k/LIf0f ul//x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ p;n] slt kl/df0fdf o;n] :yfgLo ahf/df a'waf/ k|lttf]nf ;'gsf] efp $) xhf/
;'g e]6fPsf] eGg] hfgsf/L ljefunfO{lbPsf] 5}g .
?k}ofF k'u]sf] 5 . of] clxn];Ddsf] pRr d"No xf] .
sDkgL /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{nodf sDkgL btf{, vfgL tyf Jofkf/Ln] a} +sx?nfO{dfq ;'g cfoft ug{lbg] lg0f{on]
e"ue{ljefudf cg'dlt, gjLs/0f / pTvggafkt dfq lrlgofF efp a9\g] atfPsf lyP . jfl0fHon] ;'g cfoft v'nf
nufgLstf{n] k|To]s jif{! s/f]8 () nfveGbf a9L /fh:j ub{ }a} +sx?nfO{dfq cfoft ug{;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] .
ltb{ }cfPsf 5g\. yk vfgL btf{ePsfn] o; jif{b]lv @ s/f]8 …cfh ;'g clxn];Dds};a}eGbf sxFuf] eof],Ú g]kfn
/fh:j p7\g ;Sg] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 .
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf t]h/Tg zfSon] a'waf/ ;fFem
o:tf] vfgL ;~rfng ug{cg'dlt lnFbf ljb]zL eg], …o;df cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ / :yfgLo ahf/sf] k|efj a/fa/ 5
sDkgLn] !% nfv a'emfpg'kg{ ] Joj:yf 5 . o;/L btf{eO;s]sf] .Ú pgn] Joj;foLnfO{l;w};'g cfoft ug{glbFbf tf]nfdf @ ;o hlt
sDkgLn] vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{lgodfjnLcg';f/ rf/ jif{leq rfp a9]sf] atfP . d+unaf/ ;'gsf] efp tf]nfsf] #( xhf/ % ;o
pTvgg k|lqmofdf uO;Sg'kg{ ] k|fjwfg 5 . vfgL tyf vlgh &% ?k}ofF dfq lyof] .
kbfy{ lgodfjnLcg';f/ ;'g pTkfbg eO;s]kl5 k|ltu|fd ;ft …cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf a9]sf] sf/0fn] tf]nfdf @ b]lv
?k}ofF ;/sf/nfO{/f]oN6L ltg{ 'k5{. pTkfbgsf] r/0fdf /x]sfn] c9fO ;o ?k}ofF dfq a9L x'GYof],Ú zfSon] eg], …nf]sn sf/0fn]
xfn;Dd /f]oN6L gp7]sf] emfn] atfP .
ubf{ c? efp a9]sf] xf] .Ú o;cl3 ;'gsf] efp ;a}eGbf dxFuf] ut
…l;g ;]gÚ gfds klxnf] lrlgofF sDkgL @)^% df laxLaf/ / z'qmaf/ tf]nfsf] #( xhf/ & ;o ?k}ofF k'u]sf] lyof] .
wflbªsf] ls/0frf]s uflj;df Kn]l;o/ ;'g pTkfbg ug{ ] p2]Zon] d+unaf/sf] t'ngfdf a'waf/ cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df klg
pBf]u ljefudf btf{ePsf] lyof] . t/ p;n] xfn;Dd slt sfd ;'gsf] efp csfl;Psf] 5 . o;n] efp a9fpg Jofkf/LnfO{;lhnf]
u¥of] o;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu 5}g .
ePsf] xf] . d+unaf/ cGt/f{li6«o d"NO k|ltcf} +; ! xhf/ # ;o ^$
g]kfndf bIf hgzlQm cefjsf sf/0f lrlgofFx? 8n/nfO{cfwf/ sfg]/ d"No tf]sf]sf Joj;foLn] a'waf/ k|ltcf} +; !
cfkm}cfO{gbL lsgf/df Kn]l;o/ ;'g vf]Hg] sfd u5{g\. pgLx?;Fu xhf/ # ;o *( 8n/nfO{cfwf/ dfgL tf]s]sf x'g\. a'waf/
bIf k|fljlws ePsfn] cfkm} + cfO{cg';Gwfg ug{ ] u/]sf] OlGhlgo/ ;fFem;Dddf cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ efp k|ltcf} +; ! xhf/ # ;o ($
emfn] atfP . …xfdL;Fu bIf hgzlQm g}5}g, To;sf/0f pgLx? 8n/ k'lu;s]sf] 5 .
cfkm} + vf]h cg';Gwfg sfo{df h'6\5g\, Ú pgn] eg] .
lu|; / cfo/NofG8df cfPsf] cfly{s dGbLn]
jl/i7 e"ue{ljb\s[i0fk|;fb sfkm\n] g]kfndf Kn]l;o/ ubf{cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'gsf] efpsf] ptf/r9fj tLa| 5 . o;n]
;'g pTkfbgsf] k|g'/ ;Defjgf /x]sfn] lrlgofFx? cfslif{t ePsf] ;'gsf] efp Ps}lbgdf w]/}36\g] / a9\g] eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL
atfP . …e"ue{ljefudf /xFbfsf] cg'ej / :jtGq ahf/df eg] o;sf] k|efjeGbf a9L :yfgLo k|efj al9/x]sf]
cg';Gwfgcg';f/ l;g lxdfnaf6 aUg] gbLdf Kn]l;o/ ;'g Joj;foLx? atfpF5g\.
kfOG5,Ú pgn] eg] .
jfl0fHo dGqfnon] d+unaf/ a} +sdfkm{t ;'g cfoft
d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf ;Defjgf a9\g] / cfly{s lx;fan] v'nf ug{ ] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n] ah]6 dfkm{t !) u|fdsf] $
pGglt x'g] ePsfn] lrlgofF sDkgLnfO{;/sf/n] cem cfslif{t ;o &) ?k}ofF eG;f/ b/ /x]sf] ;'gsf] eG;f/ a9fP/ ! xhf/
^@
:j0f{ bk{0f

kq-klqsfx?af6
?k}ofF k'¥ofPl5 jfl0fHon] cfoft v'nf u/]sf] xf] .
cy{dGqfnon] ;'gsf] cfoft ug{l;kmfl/; u/]sf] Ps xKtfkl5 ;'g /fhgLltsf] hf]lvd
dfq jfl0fHon] cfoft v'nfsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
Joj;foLn] eg] of] lg0f{on] ;'g Jofkf/nfO{cem sflGtk'/ b}lgs ;DkfbsLoaf6
lgoGq0f u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\. ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3n] jfl0fHosf] -@)^& ebf} @$ ut]_
lg0f{on] Joj;foLsf] clwsf/;d]t xgg ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
/fhgLlts cGof]nsf] b'irqmdf cy{tGq g/fd|/L
;on] ;'gsf] efp tf]nfdf % b]lv & ;o ?k}ofF 36\g] km:b}uPsf] 5 . ;Qfsf nflu xfgyfk ul//x]sf k|d'v bnsf
;DefjgfnfO{sd u/]sfn] pkef]QmfnfO{g}df/ k/]sf] cWoIf lqmofsnfkn] cy{tGqnfO{Pskl5 csf] {wSsf lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
zfSon] atfP . Joj;foLn] a'waf/ rfFbLsf] efp klg tf]nfdf !# o;sf] kl5Nnf] lg;fgfdf ;'grfFbL cfoftdf eG;f/ a9fpg]
?k}ofF a9fPsf 5g\. d+unaf/ tf]nfsf] & ;o (@ ?k}ofF /x]sf] cy{ljw]os k/]sf] 5 . ef/tdf eGbf sd eG;f/ b/ x'Fbf
7"nf]
rfFbL a'waf/ eg] * ;o % ?k}ofF k'u]sf] 5 .
dfqfdf t:s/L eO{ ljb]zL d'›f ;l~rlt k|efljt ePkl5 cWofb]z
ut jif{;'g cfoft a9]/ zf]wgfGt/ 3f6f j[l4 ePkl5 cjlw ;lsPsf] / To;sf] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ] ljw]os kfl/t ug{ ]
;/sf/n] cfoftdf s8fO u/]sf] lyof] . tLg dlxgf cl3;Dd ;jfndf /fhgLlts bnx? uDeL/ gb]lvPsf sf/0f sfnf]ahf/Ln]
a} +sdfkm{t ;'g cfoft ug{ lbPsf] ;/sf/n] To;kl5 cfoftdf k|f]T;fxg kfPsf] 5 .
k|ltaGw nufPsf] lyof] . cfoft k|ltaGwkl5 /fi6« a} +sn] oxL cj:yf hf/L /fVg' eg]sf] k'/fgf] eG;f/ b/d};'g
af]nsaf]ndfkm{t ;'g laqmL ub{ }cfPsf]df ah]6kl5 aGb rPsf] 5 cfpg] cj:yfdf d'n'snfO{ k'¥ofpg' xf] . To:tf] cj:yfdf ;'g
. cl3Nnf jif{x?df !)÷!@ ca{sf] ;'g cfoft x'g] u/]sf]df ut leqofpg lbg' eg]sf] km]l/ l5d]s ef/ttkm{t:s/L ug{;lhnf] kfg{ '
jif{$@ ca{sf] ;'g cfPsf] lyof] .
xf] lsgeg] k'/fgf] eG;f/ b/cg';f/ ef/tdf eGbf g]kfndf ;'g
jfl0fHo dGqfnosf] lg0f{okl5 /fi6« a} +sn] sfo{ljlw ;:tf] x'G5 . ptf gofF eG;f/ b/ nfu" ug{g;Sbf ahf/sf] dfu
agfpg] / To;s}cfwf/df ;'g cfoft ug{ ] a} +s;{x?n] atfPsf k"/f ug{ t:s/Ln] k|f]T;fxg kfpg]5 . ;/sf/n] ;'g cfoft /f]s]kl5
5g\. g]kfn a} +s;{;+3sf pkfWoIf /fhgl;+x e08f/Ln] /fi6« a} +ssf] ;'? ePsf] of] qmd a9\bf] 5 . o;nfO{tf]8\g] sfg'gL Joj:yf
sfo{ljlw cfPkl5 ;'g cfoft ug{ ] hgfsf/L lbP . …xfdL /fi6« tTsfn nfu" gubf{;d:of hl6n aGb}hfg] b]lvG5 . o;af6
a} +ssf] lgb{ ]zgdf cfoft u5f{ },Ú pgn] eg] . jfl0fHon] d+unaf/ t:s/L / sfnf]ahf/L ug{ ]sf] :jfy{k"lt{x'g] af6f] v'N5 . sfg'g
/fi6« a} +ssf] lgu/fgLdf cfoft v'nf u/]sf] xf] . /fi6« a} +s / agfpg] ljwflosfn] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] cj?4 u5{eg] ljlwsf] zf;g
dGqfnon] k|To]s dlxgf ;'gsf] sf/f]af/sf ljifodf cWoog vf]Hg] sxfF hfg] < hfgLa'emLsg cy{tGq l;Wofpg] WofpGgdf
;d]t ug{ ] ePsf 5g\.
nfu]sf] xf]Og eg] To;sf] plrt hafkm bnx?n] lbg ;Sg'k5{.
clxn] ahf/sf] vktcg';f/ cj}w af6f]af6 ;'g
cfoft eO/x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{;/sf/n] /fhZj dfq u'dfPsf]
;'gsf] d"No ;jf{lws prfOdf 5}g, ahf/ lgoGq0f eGbf aflx/ uPsf] 5 . b}lgs @% lsnf] ;'g
o;/L lelq/x]sf] Joj;foLsf] egfO 5 . o;af6 b}lgs sl/a !@
nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ;/sf/L /fhZj u'ld/x]sf] 5 . ;+;b\grn]sf
cleofg
a]nf b'O{k6s cWofb]zsf ?kdf cfPsf] eG;f/ a9fpg] Joj:yf
-@)^& d+l;/ !^ ut]_
ebf}!* kl5 lgik|efjL 5 . k|d'v bnx?sf] csd{0osf sf/0f
;+;b\rNbf klg ljw]os cfpg g;s]sfn] pkef]Qmf 7luPsf 5g\.
dª\l;/ !%, sf7df08f} + -c;_ . cfk"lt{sd / dfu a9L ePkl5 /fhZj 5n]/ cfPsf] ;'gn] Joj;foL / bnfnafx]s c?
:yfgLo ahf/df ;'gsf] d"No ;jf{lws prfOdf k'u]sf] 5 . a'waf/ s;}nfO{kmfObf ub} {g .
ahf/df ;'g k|lttf]nf ?= $) xhf/ k'u]sf] xf] . of] cl3Nnf] csf{lt/ sltko ;'grfFbL Joj;foLn] ahf/df
lbgeGbf k|lttf]nf ?= $ ;o @% a9L xf] . cfoftdf sfg"gL s'g}lgoGq0f gePsf] cj:yfdf dgf]dfgL d"No lgwf{/0f u/L
c8\rg x6fOP klg sfo{ljlw cefjsf sf/0f ;'g cefj a9]sf] sf/f]af/ ub{ }5g\. cfkm"nfO{lbg] ;'gsf] sf]6f c?nfO{afF8\bf k;n
atfOG5 . …dfu a9L / cfk"lt{ sd ePsfn] ;'gsf] d"No a9]sf] xf]Ú aGb u/]/ cfGbf]ng ug{ ] Joj;foL o:tf] cj:yf cfFpbf klg
g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf cWoIf t]h/Tg zfSon] eg], r'krfk b]lvg' cgf}7f] 5 . zf]wgfGt/ 3f6fn] prfO 5f]Pkl5 aNn
Joj;foLx?nfO{cfoft ug{glbPkl5 yk cGof]n ;[hgf ePsf]n] ;'g cfoftsf] tYof+s yfxf kfpg] g]kfn /fi6« a} +sn] kl5Nnf] k6s
d"No a9]sf] xf] . ;'g cfoft tyf ljqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw aGg NofPsf] ;'grfFbL cfoft tyf ljlqmsf] Joj:yf k|efjsf/L
s]lx lbg nfUg] g]kfn /fi6«a} +sn] atfPsf] 5 . /fi6« a} +ssf k|jQmf x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cfkm"n] NofPsf] Joj:yf ;xL xf] eg] sfof{Gjog
uf]kfn sfkm\n]n] eg], …sfo{ljlw agfpg]af/] ;/sf/sf] kq /fi6« ug{;Sg'k5{.
a} +snfO{k|fKt ePsf] 5}g, kq kfPkl5 k'/fg}sfo{ljlwnfO{;+zf]wg 3/]n' vkt ug{ ]x?n] uxgf lsGg] sfd Ps ;ftfsf
u/]/ gofF sfo{ljlw tof/ kfl/g] 5 .Ú Joj;foLx?n] a'waf/ lglDt kl5 ;fg{;S5g\t/ ;'grfFbLsf uxgf agfP/ ljb]z lgsf;L
lj1lKt lgsfn]/ lxhf] jfl0fHo dGqfnon] ;'g cfoft vnf ugP ug{ ] x:tsnf Joj;foL ;fFRr};d:ofdf k5{g\. pgLx?sf] ;d:of
u/]sf] lg0f{osf] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\. zfSon] eg], …jfl0fHo a} +sn] k|lt tTsfn} ;Daf]wg ul/g'k5{. rf8af8sf d'vdf cfoft /f]lsFbf
!) u|fddf sDtLdf ?= % ;o gfkmf /Vg] ;Defjgf /x]sf]n] ;'gsf] pkef]Qmfsf] uxgf lng] clwsf/ ;d]t xgg\ePsf] 5 . hGdb]lv
d"No ca 36\b}g .Ú clxn] cGt//fli6« «o ahf/df klg ;'gsf] d[To';Dd cfjZos kg{ ] ;'gsf] sf/f]af/ rf8af8sf] df};ddf /f]s]/
d"No lg/Gt/ psfnf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . a'waf/ ;fFem Go"of]s{j:t' cefj l;h{gf ul/g' xF'b}g
. o;nfO{gnDAofpg] u/L bnx?n]
ahf/df ;'gsf] d"No k|ltcf} +; ! xhf/ # ;o (^ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 .
cfjZs sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ ] tTk/tf b]vfOxfNg'k5{.
g]uf]l;8f ^#
:j0f{ bk{0f

kq-klqsfx?af6
;'grfFbL pkef]Qmfsf] vr{pRr
;'grfFbL cfoft v'nf
k'u]sf] ;ftf
sflGtk'/
sflGtk'/
-@)^&÷)*÷!(_
-@)^&÷)*÷!%_
ljjfxdf pkef]Qmfn] of] ;ftf ;'g lsGg] ah]6 ;'grfFbLsf] eG;f/ ah]6n] a9fPsf] 8]9 ;ftfkl5
a9fpg'k/]sf] 5 .
jfl0fHo dGqfnon] d+unaf/b]lv cfoftdf nfu]sf] k|ltaGw
:yfgLo ahf/df o; ;ftf k|lttf]nf ;'gsf] d"No $) x6fPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] jfl0fHo a} +sdfkm{t dfq cfoft ug{ v'nf
xhf/ ?k}ofF k'u]kl5 pkef]Qmf df/df k/]sf x'g\ . of] P]ltxfl;s u/]sf] xf] . …;'grfFbL cfoft v'nf ePsf] 5Ú jfl0fHo ;lrj
d"No xf] . ;fy}rfFbKsf] d"Non] klg gofF /]s8{sfod u/]sf] 5 . k'?iff]Qd cf]emfn] eg], …/fi6« a} +ssf] lgu/fgLdf jfl0fHo a} +sn]
cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df d"No a9]sf] / cfoft a} +sx?n] dfq ug{ dfq ;'grfFbL cfoft u/L laqmL ug{;Sg]5g\.Ú pgn] ljb]zL d'b|f
;Sg] Joj:yfn] :yfgLo ahf/df ;'grfFbLsf] d"Nodf pRr j[l4 ;l~rltnfO{ ldtJooL ug{/fi6« a} +ssf] lgu/fgLdf jfl0fHo a} +sn]
ePsf] xf] . dfq ;'grfFbL cfoft ug{;Sg] Joj:tf ul/Psf] atfP .
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3sf cg';f/ ;ftfsf] klxnf] lbg a} +sx?n] ;'grfFbL cfoft ;'? ug{ ' cl3 /fi6« « a} +sn]
cfOtaf/ :yfgLo ahf/df k|lttf]nf ;'gsf] d"No @( xhf/ % ;o cfoft tyf laqmL ug{ ] sfo{ljlw tof/ ug{ ] pgn] atfP . …ToxL
%) -b; u|fddf ## xhf/ ( ;o !) _ ?k}ofF dfod ePsf] lyof] . sfo{ljlw cg';f/ a} +sx?n] ;'grfFbL cfoft ug{ ]5g\Ú pgn] eg] .
;f]daf/ cl3Nnf] lbgsf] eGbf ;'gsf] d"Nodf lu/fj6 cfof] . dGqfnon] cfoft, cfk"lt{ / laqmL ljt/0fsf] x/]s dlxgf ;dLIff
;f]daf/ k|ltb; u|fd ;'gsf] d"No ## xhf/ * ;o @) ?k}ofF ug{ ] lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf] 5 . …jfl0fHo / /fi6« a} +ssf k|ltlglw a;]/
sfod lyof] .d+unaf/ s]xL j[l4 eP klg k|ltb; u|fd ;'gsf] x/]s dlxgf cfoft, cfk"lt{/ laqmL ljt/0fsf] ;dLIff x'G5,Ú pgn]
:yfgLo d"No ## xhf/ ( ;o #) ?k}ofF sfod eof] . yk] .
a'waf/ :yfgLo ahf/df ;'gsf] d"No xfn;Dds}pRr /fi6« a} +ssf Ps clwsf/Ln] o;/L ;'g cfoftsf]
laGb'df k'u]sf] lyof] . a'waf/ :yfgLo ahf/df k|lttf]nf ;'gsf] Joj:yf ug{cfkm"x? tof/ ePsf] atfP . pgsf cg';f/
d"No $) xhf/ -b; u|fddf #$ xhf/ @ ;o (% _ ?k}ofF sfod a} +sx?n] /fi6« a} +sn] tf]s]sf] b}lgs sf]6fcg';f/ ;'g cfoft
eof] . ljxLaf/ km]l/ s]xl lu/fj6 cfO{b; u|fd ;'g #$ xhf/ @ ug{ ]5g\. …s]xL lbgcl3 jfl0fHo;Fu ePsf] 5nkmndf cfoftsf]
;o %) ?k}ofF lsga]r eof] . z'qmaf/ of] d"No b; u|fddf #$ Ps ljsNkdf jfl0fHon] u/]sf] lg0f{o h:t} x'g ;Sg] atfPsf
xhf/ ! ;o $% ?k}ofF sfod eof] .
lyof} +,Ú tL clwsf/Ln] eg], …lg0f{o g}ePsf] hfgsf/L eg] cfPsf] 5}g
;+3n] cd]l/sL cy{tGqdf cfPsf] dGbL / Pl;ofdf .Ú jfl0fHo dGqfnoaf6 hfgsf/L kfPkl5 cfoft / laqmL
b]lvPsf] ;'4sf] sf/0fn] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df ;'gsf] efpdf tLj| ljt/0fsf] Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ljlw tof/ ul/g] pgn] atfP .
ptf/r9fj cfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df cfOtaf/ …;'grfFbL cfoftdf k|ltaGw nufpg'cl3 klg s]lGb|o
k|ltcfpG; ;'gsf] d"No Ps xhf/ tLg ;o ^# 8n/ /x]sf]df a} +sn] cfkm\gf] lgu/fgLdf jfl0fHo a} +sdfkm{t ;'g Nofpg lbPsf[
z'qmaf/ a9]/ ps xhf/ tLg ;o () 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . o:t}, lyof],Ú pgn] eg], …ca klg To:t}k|lqmofdf ;'grfFbL cfoft x'G5 .Ú
rfFbLsf] d"Non] klg ;o ;ftf gofF /]s8{sfod u¥of] .z'qmaf/ cfoft k|ltaGw x'g'cl3 jfl0fHo a} +sx?n] b}lgs !) lsnf] ;'g /
k|lttf]nf rfFbLsf] d"No * ;o @) -b; u|fddf & ;o #_ ?k}ofF ! ;o lsnf] rfFbL cfoft ug{kfpFy] . …clxn] eG;f/ a9]sfn] of]
sfod ePsf] lyof] . of] xfn;Dds}pRr d"No xf] . laxLaf/ sf]6f s]xL a9\5,Ú pgn] eg] .
k|lttf]nf rfFbLsf] d"No * ;o !% -b; u|fddf ^ ;o (( _ ?k}ofF /fi6« a} +sn] o;};ftfleq cfoft tyf laqmL;DaGwL
sfod eof] . ;ftfsf] klxnf] lbg b; u|fd rfFbLsf] d"No ^ ;o sfo{ljlw agfpg] ePsf] 5 . …gofF cfoft klg
&& ?k}ofF %) k};f lyof] .
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FNCCI /
Hotel Himalaya
FNCCI
g]=p=jf= dxf;+3 6]s'
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Opening ceremony
National electrical
showroom /
Chinatown
–
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sf k|ltlgwLx?
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k'Nrf]s
;+3sf] ultljlw
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:j0f{ bk{0f

;+3sf] ultljlw
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Press conference
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"Wellness Hospital” opening ceremoney
@*= @)^^÷)*÷@^ 'Handicraft Virtual Market' sf] z'ef/De
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MEX in Nepal's Futures Market
& 1st Aniversary of MEX
cfof]hs ;+:yf÷:yfg
FNCCI
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Mercantile Exchange Nepal Limited,
Hotel Yak and Yeti
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industry & their impact in national economy g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] xn
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in Nepalese economy
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15th Annual general meeting
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Courier service association of
Nepal,
Hotel Orchid
–
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–
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Export Potential Assesment(EPA) and
Nepal Trade Integration Strategy
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Launching Ceremony of UFO,5RV Vehicles
"5fgfdflysf] 5fgfsf" ] 3'DtLvf}nL sfo{qmd
g]uf]l;8f ^&
g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3,
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Nepal-China Chamber of
Commerce Industry
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