G{fwek

Ç > ;fsr[o gq;kfd.. Ç
G{fwek
r[o{ BkBe fBozekoh tb'A r[opkDh ftZu fby/, ;KG/, T[gd/;a
f;Zy ;wki e'b g[Zi rJ/, fJjh rBhws j?. gktB r[opkDh B/ wB[Zy B{z
swkw tfjwK GowK, e{V nvzpoK s'A w[es eoe/, ;kdrh tkbk ;zs[fbs
ihtB fiT[D dh iku f;ykJh. wB[Zy wkso B[z (n"os ;w/s) w[ezwb
pqkpoh tkbk o[spk gqdkB ehsk. fJZe fBozeko tkfjr[o{ B{z fjod/ ftu
p;kT[Dk ns/ T[;d/ nB/e r[DK d/ XkoBh pDBk f;ykfJnk. wB[Zyk d/
jh dh tos'A fet/A eoBh j?, iBw s'A b? e/ woB sZe, r[[opkDh d/ ukBD
ftZu r[ow[yK tkbk ihtB fet/A fiT[Dk j?, f;ykfJnk. b'V g?D s/ i[bw
d/ fto[X wib{w d/ d[yV/ joB bJh, r[o{ e/ to';kJ/ f;zx ikBK j{b e/
bVd/ oj/. ;{owrsh d/ Bt/A ehoshwkB ;Ekgs eod/ oj/. ;w/A d/
ikbw jkewK tZb'A, i' i' f;sw f;ZyK B{z M[ekT[D tk;s/ ehs/ rJ/, T[j
gVQe/ ;[De/ ;hBk gkNdk j? o{j ezpdh j?. go XzB ;B T[j r[o{ fgnko
tkb/, c"bkdh firo/ tkb/ :'X/, fiBQK osk wk;k Gh ewi'oh BK ftykJh.
wsK fes/ f;Zyh d/ ;akBdko wfjb ftZu ewi'oh Bk ofj ikt/. goT[geko
dh nfijh gkD ukjVh fe tzve/ SeDk, d{finK d/ d[yV/ joB bJh,
w[;hpsK d/ gjkV nkgD/ f;o b? b?D/, f;ZyK dh fizdrh dk fjZ;k pD rJ/.
fJjBK fBokb/ fJB;kBK dh ;'Gk eoB' d[;awD Gh BK ofj ;e/. fjzd{nK,
w[;bwkBK s/ r'fonK B/ f;ZyK dk ihtB Yzr t/ye/, p/nzs skohc ehsh
j?. fJ; T[Zu/ ;[Zu/ feodko dh pd"bs, Gkos tk;h fjzd{nK ns/ w[;bwkBK,
d'tK B/ f;ZyK nZr/ ;h; M[ek e/, nXhBrh ;theko eo bJh. i' izrbK
ftu o[bd/ fco oj/ ;h, T[j pkd;akj pD rJ/. eo'VK r[bkwh dhnK
izihoK N[ZN rJhnK. jiko ;kb s'A g?oK dh yke pD u[Zfenk gzikp
nkikd pD ;'Gk gkT[D bZrk. fJj sd'A ;zGt j'fJnk id'A ;fsr[o{
BkBe ih B/ T[gd/;a ehsk, f;ZyK B/ nkgD/ sB wB eoe/ T[;/ w[skpe
ihtB pshs eoBk P[o{ eo fdZsk.
(1)

fgSb/ bzw/A ;w/A s'A f;ZyK s/ fco i[bw dh jB/oh M[bdh ojh j?.
;ko/ w[jkiK s'A f;Zy jko rJ/. bhvof;ag e'Jh ft;atk;a:'r s/ d{onzd/;a
f;ZX Bk j'Jh. jikoK iE/pzdhnK tkb/ N[efVnK ftu gzE tzfvnk frnk.
jo e'Jh nkgDh @YkJh gk fyuVh@ B{z jh gzE wzBh p?mk j?. ftofbnK
B{z SZve/, fJ; tes nekbh s/ j'o f;Zy bhvo, p/JhwkBh dh v{zxh
dbdb ftu roe j' u[Ze/ jB. r[odtkfonK dk ;zrsK tb'A fdsk frnk
p/nzs XB, n?;a gq;sh bJh p/;aowh Bkb tofsnk ik fojk j?. Xow
ekoiK bJh nogD ehsh wkfJnk, okiBhsh d/ rzd ftu o'jVh ik ojh
j?. dopko ;kfjp (ns/ j'o nDfrDs r[odtko/) ftu'A Xow T[gd/;a,
iK r[ows dk frnkB fe;/ B{z BjhA fwbdk. nekb sys s'A ;opZs d/
Gb/ d/ ekoi T[bheD dh EKt/A, f;Zyh f;XksK dh gfjo/dkoh eoB dh
EKt/ okiBhsh dk nykVk pD u[fenk j?. bzwhnK dkjVhnK, tZvhnK
feogkBK tkb/, ny"sh f;Zy bhvo, fjzd{ sKsfoeK s'A wZE/ ftu
fsbe brtke/, f;o s/ w[eN gfjB e/, rb ftu wksk dh bkb u[zBh
bfjoke/, jtB eotke/ @iBw ;cbk@ eo oj/ jB. tZv/ fJeZmK
ftu pVh us[okJh Bkb, i?ekok bkT[Ad/ jB “tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k,
okw ih eh cfsj@.
f;Zyh d/ ;'jD/ p{N/ s/ uko/ pzfBT[A jwb/ j' oj/ jB, okyk fes/
Bio BjhA nkT[Adk. d/jXkoh r[o{nK dh frDsh e'Jh BjhA j?. pkpktkd
iK v/o/dkoh r[o{ vzw f;Zyh Bz{ fBrbdk ik fojk j?. tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ nB/e
pjkB/ xVe/, f;ZyK B{z y{p b[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. go tZN/ ftu fdZsk e[M
Gh BjhA ik fojk, “frnkB sK T[Zek jh BjhA. nkw ;aoXktkB wkJh
GkJh, e[M o;wK dh g{osh eoe/, uzrh u'yh wkfJnk b[Ntke/, Xowh
pD ikD dk ;oNhche/N yqhd fojk j?. e[ZM ukbpki b'e, nkgDhnK
si'ohnK wkfJnk Bkb Go oj/ jB. w'j wkfJnk d/ fsnkr dk T[gd/
;a eoB tkb/ “;zs ih@ eo'Vgsh pD u[Ze/ jB. nkw ifrnk;{ nfrnkBsk
ftZu GNedk, eowekvK d/ okj g? frnk j?. d/jXkoh r[o{nK B{z g{idk
j?. tos shoE, ;qkX, Boe ;[or, G{s gq/s, ikd{ wzso ns/ j'o
nB/e gkyzv eow, f;Zy ;wki d/ f;os/ ;tko j' u[Ze/ jB. f;Zy nkgD/
;akBdko fJfsjk; B{z G[Zb u[Zfenk j?. oZph frnkB d/ ;'w/ ihtB dh Ezwh,
(2)

gktB r[opkDh f;Zy d/ u/s/ ftu'A fBeb u[Zeh j?.
gzE dh uVdh ebk tk;s/, fgSb/ ukbh e[ ;kb s'A Xow gquko
d/ y/so ftu “fw;aBoh@ f;zx, ;woZEk w[skpe :'rdkB gk oj/ jB.
;z;EktK d/ o{g ftu s/ ftneshrs o{g ftu Gh. fJj fBwkDk ;/te
r[ows gquko dh ;/tk fgSb/ pZsh e[ ;kb s'A eodk nk fojk j?. fbye/
ns/ p'be/ (eEk b?euo) pj[s ;ko/ d/;aK dk GowD ehsk j?. p;
eb/ik w;'; e/ ofj ikJhdk j?, fBxodh gzEe jkbs t/y e/. r[ows
n;{bK Bkb nZi sZe w?A edh ;wM"sk BjhA ehsk, Gkt/A w[;ebK fezBhnK
Gh MZbDhnK g? rJhnK. nZr'A Gh gzE fgnko tkbhnK ;zrsK B{z ft;atk;a
d[nkT[Adk jK, fe n;{bK gqsh, nkyoh ;tk; sZe nv'b j'e/ ezw
eoKrk.
;{oi sK BjhA jK, go ;{oi dh r?o jkioh ftu fuokr tKr
e[ZM e[ frnkB dk ukBD (r[opkDh ftu'A b? e/) tzvdk ojKrk.
;{oi Bk pB ;e' s'A ;wK-J/ okj r[io jh ;jh.
ihB/ ek fJ; ijK w/, e'Jh w[Zdk s'A j'.
nk; eodk jK d[BhnK Go ftu c?b/, r[o{ fgnko tkb/, gzE dh
uVdh ebk ukj[D tkb/, fJ; ;/tk B{z gqtkB eofdnK ;fj:'r py;ad/
ofjDr/.
r[o{ xo dk ;/te ^ fJzdo f;zx xZrk
(3)
iBtoh 2008

w?B{z f;Zyh s/ wkD j?
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ fJZe nekb g[oy, goh g{oB ;op
ebk ;woZE, g?dk eoB tkbk, gkbD tkbk s/ nzsw c?;bk (w"s) eoB
tkbk fpnkB eoe/ w?ƒ ngko feogk d[nkok w[es eo fdZsk j?, s/sh
eo'V d/th d/tfsnK s'A, w?ƒ nIkd eo fdZsk j? ntskoK dh r[bkwh s'A,
w/oh pzd ybk;h eo fdsh j?, iV^g{ik s/ gZEo g{ik s'A. w?ƒ pB;gsh,
gP{ gzShnK nZr/ BZe orVB s'A puk fbnk j?. w?ƒ ;[u/s eo fdZskl
Xosh uzB ;{oi ns/ frqfjnK nkfd dh ekoi ftXh s'A. gftso
r[opkDh dk noEK ;w/s v{zxk nfXn?B eoe/, tkfjr[o{ ih dh ftPkbsk
ns/ T[;dh f;qPNh ƒ ;zGkbD dh ngko Pesh nB[Gt eoe/, ft;wkd
ftZu nk e/, “tkfjOr[o{” nkyfdnK w?A e/tb fJZe nekb g[oy dk
wzBD tkbk j' frnk jK. nDfrDs fe;w dhnK r[bkwhnK s'A w?ƒ g{oB
;[szsosk gqkgs j' rJh j?. fJ;/ bJh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
“nfs T[Zuk sk ek dopkok]
nzs[ Bkjh feS[ gkoktkok]” (wL 5^562)
Grs ;kfjpkB ih dk T[Zsw T[gd/P s/ ihtB siopk, ;fsr[o{
BkBe ;kfjp ih ƒ gqkgs j'fJnk. T[jBK nekb g[oy dh fbtbhBsk
ftu'A, i' pyfPPK gqkgs ehshnK, T[j nZr'A soshptko ;ohoe ikw/
pdbdhnK, d;w gksPkj jI{o ƒ gqkgs j'JhnK. B" ;fsr[o{nK dk
iwkb s/ ibkb XkoB eoe/, jI{o d;t/A BkBe B/, eoVh gqhfynk b?
e/ ykb;k gzE dh ;zg{oDsk eo fdsh. T[j fJZe nb"fee ft;wkdh
BIkok ;h, id'A 1699 dh Gkr Goh ft;kyh ƒ, e/;rVQ ;fkjp d/
n;EkB s/ yb' e/ roithA nktkI ftZu tzrko gkJh. “n? r[o{ BkBe
ih ƒ fgnko eoB tkfbU, n? wB[ysk dk Gbk b'uD tkfbU, n? fJZe
nekb g[oy s/ ftPtk; oZyD tkfbUHHHHH nZi w?ƒ fJZe B"itkB f;o dh
b'V j?. j? e'Jh i' r[o{ ƒ nkgDk f;o G/AN eo d/t/HHH

nytkJ/. gzE dh uVQdh ebk tk;s/, I[bw dh iV g[ZND bJh, rohpK,
wIb{wK dh okyh bJh, nZr'A id'A b'V gJh sK gzi BjhA, gzikj Gh BjhA,
i/ b'V gJh 50000 f;o tkoB bJh ykb;k jodw fsnko fojk.
nBzdg[o ;kfjp dhnK nB/e izrK, gfotko ftS'Vk, uwe"o dh rVQh,
fydokD/ dh Ykp, \{Bh ;ojzd, S'N/^tZv/ xb{xko/, T[d'A s'A b? e/ w"i{dk
;w/A sZe, f;ZyK B/ ikB fgnkoh BjhA iksh, ;r'A f;Zyh fgnkoh eoe/
ikDh j?. r[o{ s/ ns[ZN ftPtk; ;dek, ;|bsktK f;zxK d/ edw
u[zwdhnK ojhnK. Ikbw jkewK B/ Gkt/A nDfrDs tkoh f;ZyK d/ f;oK
d/ w[Zb gkJ/, ikBtoK tKr fPeko ehs/, xo^xkN T[ikV/, izrbhA tk;k
eotkfJnk, go ykb;k gzE nkgD/ fBPkB/ s'A fgS/ Bk jfNnk. nko/
ubd/ rJ/, pzd pzd eNhAd/ rJ/, y'gohnK T[sodhnK ojhnK, uoyVhnK
ube/ jZvhnK dk u{ok eodhnK ojhnK, pZfunK d/ N'N/^N'N/ eoe/ wktK
d/ rbK ftZu jko g?Ad/ oj/HHHH. s/ f;Zy fe;/ w;sh d/ nkbw ftZu nrzwh
rhs rkT[Ad/ oj/ L^
epho w[fj woB/ ek ukT[ j?, woT[ s jfo e? d[nko]
ws jfo g{S/ eT[B[ j? gok jwko/ pko] (1367)
id'A w?A nkgD/ bk;kBh fJfsjk; ƒ ;z;ko Bkb w/b e/ t/ydk jK
sK w/ok f;o |\o Bkb T[Zuk j' iKdk j?. fJ;/ bJh sK w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD
j?.
r[opkDh d/ T[gd/P d[nkok w?ƒ n;bh wB[Zyh GkJh^uko/ dk th
gsk bZrk j?. “Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk ;rb ;zfr jw eT[ pfB
nkJh” (wL5 ^ 1299) d/ f;XKs ƒ ;wM e/ w?A fe;/ ƒ tZvk^S'Nk iK
T[uk^BhtK BjhA ;wMdk. ;ko/ jh w/o/ nkgD/ jB, fJe' wK fgT[
ikfJnK tor/. wB[Zysk ƒ bho' bho eoB tkbh wzƒ tkdh ;'u ƒ w?A
fsbKibh d/ fdsh j?. w/o/ sq?ekb doPh ;fsr[o{ ih B/, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
ftZu pqkjwDK dh pkDh, ny"sh P{doK^oftdk; ih uwko, Bkwd/t ih
ShAp/, epho ih i[bkj/, ;XBk ih e;kJh, ;?D ih BkJh dh gktB pkDh
ƒ Pkwb eoe/, iks^gks d/ GowrV ƒ iV'A T[ykV e/ oZy fdsk. i'
b'e ty iksh tkb/ d/ goSkt/A s'A Gh Bcos eod/ ;B, T[jh b'e
(5)

[opkDh okjhA, ny"sh P[doK ƒ fBs Bw;ekoK eod/ jB. nwho
rohp okik oze dk fJE/ e'Jh G/d BjhA oZfynk frnk. nwbK s/ fBp/Vk
j'D pko/ c?;bk fdsk frnk j?.
;kX;zfr BkBe p[fX gkJh jfo ehosB[ nkXko']
Bkwd/T[ fsqb'uB[ epho dk;o' w[efs GfJU uzfwnko'] (498)
fJjBK T[Zsw r[Dk ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB nDfrDs oZph r[DK d/ w[i;w/ ;B. fiE/ T[j
jIkoK whbK dk g?Avk s?j eoe/, wB[ysk d/ Gb/ fjs gquko eod/ oj/,
wBw[yK ƒ r[ow[y pDkT[Ad/ oj/. T[E/ Bkb jh T[FZiV oj/ Gkos tk;hnK
ƒ w[V t;kT[Ad/ oj/. fes/ eoskog[o, r'fJzdtkb, nzfwqs;o, soBskoB,
jfor'fpzdg[ok, ehosg[o s/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp tor/ BroK dh gosZy
fw;kb ;kjwD/ j?. fJjBK n;EkBk s'A f;fynk jk;b eoB tkb/, jZe
;Zu dh nktkI p[bzd eod/ oj/, Brko/ r[zikoK gkT[Ad/ oj/. ;w/A d/ Ikbw
jkew, wzdo^w;hsK, ;e{b, w{oshnK ns/ x[Zr t;d/ Pfjo spkj
eod/ oj/. ;fsr[o{ ih wzdoK, w;hsK ;e{bK XowPkbktK dh T[;koh
eotkT[Ad/ oj/. ;kok d/P G/vK peohnK tKr ihtB pshs eo fojk
;h. gzuw r[od/t nDy ofjs ihtB dh EKt/ ;{owrsh tkbh w"s ep{b
eoe/ Bt/A g{oB/ gkT[Ad/ oj/. sZshnK sthnK s/ p?m e/ th ;po f;de
dk ;p[{s fdzd/ oj/. S/t/A BkBe whoh ghoh dhnK d' feogkBK ;ik, oD
sZs/ ftZu d[PwD d/ nkj{ bkj[zd/ oj/. fBwkfDnK dh fXo pDe/
;' es vo? fi y;w[ ;wko?..
vfo vfo gu/ wBw[y t/uko/.. (677)
d/ oZph rhs dk ;b'rB rkT[Ad/ oj/. fdZbh d/ uKdBh u"Ae ftZu
B"t/A BkBe, wB[Zysk d/ nfXekoK dh okyh fjs, ;oho o{gh mheok GzB
e/ nwo gdth gqkgs eo rJ/. d;t/A BkBe uko/ p/N/ tkoe/ nekb
g[oy nZr/ fPetk BjhA eod/, jzM[ BjhA e/od/. Xow s'A ;G e[M
e[opkB eoe/ ;w/A d/ ;G s'A PeshPkbh pkdPkj ƒ “IcoBkwk” (fiZs
dh fuZmh) fby e/ nkgDh ;{owskJh s/ fBoGT[ fBot?o j'D dk gZek
;p{s d/Ad/ jB.
(6)

“iBw woD d[jj{ wfj Bkjh iB goT[gekoh nkJ/]
ihn dkB[ d/ Grsh bkfJfB jfo f;T[ b?fB fwbkJ/] (749)
nfij/ wjkB ;fsr[o{nK ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
fJ;soh iksh wB[Zysk dk nZX, ;[zdosk ns/ e'wbsk dh
;kyPks w{osh, ƒ ;z;ko d/ Bk;wM b'eK B/ sK ipo^I[bw dk fPeko
pDkfJnk jh ;h, pbfe d[Bhnk d/ brgr ;ko/ Xow w[yhnK B/ th
d[oekfonk fcNekfonk. edh pkxD s/ edh BkrD s/ edh g?o dh i[Zsh
se nkyD' Gh Pow Bk ehsh. p/nzs wzdoK ftZu dkyb/ s/ gkpzdh. jZi
eoB ikD s/ o'e, Xow gqukoe iK tZvhnK Xkowe gdthnK s/ ;[P'fGs
j'D' o'e. fe;/ nkfynk n"os ƒ nkIkdh Bk fdU, xo dh uko dhtkoh
ftZu pzd eo fdU. ;seko:'r wK, fgnko dk w[i;wK G?D, ihtB
;kEh, d[Zy^;[Zy ftZu GkJhtkb xo ƒ ;tor dk o{g d/D tkbh gsBh,
bkvK ftZu gbh fgnkoh p/Nh d/ o{g ftZu j' e/ Gh n"os ;dk sVcdh
ftbedh ojh, jzM{ tjkT[Adh ojh. ;dhnK s'A jh fe;/ Xow w[yh dk
fJ; dh so;:'r jkbs t/y e/ fdb BjhA g;hfink. ;ko/ b'e froMK
tKr MgNd/ oj/, wk; B'ud/ oj/, I[bw dh GZmh ftZu ;Vdh gJh t/y e/
w[;eokT[Ad/ oj/. e'Jh wZdd bJh Bk pj[fVnk, fe;/ jkn dk Bkjok Bk
wkfonk. w/o/ ;fseko:'r r[od/t ih B/ P/o roi Bkb id'A bbekok
wkfonk “;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB” (474) sK ;ko/
;zBkNk Sk frnk, b'eh w{zj ftZu T[ArbK gk, fpZN^fpZN sZed/ ofj rJ/.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;ko/ jhb/^t;hb/ tos e/, n"os ƒ pokposk tkbk o[spk
gqdkB ehsk. ;sh torh Ikbw o;w s'A o'fenk, ftXtk ftnkj ehs/,
god/ (x[zv) dh gkpzdh jNkJh. pkb ftnkjK s'A o[eD bJh gq/oDk
ehsh. pj[s/ ftnkj gqEk dh e'Mh o;w ƒ pzd eokfJnkl ;ko/ Xow^eowK
ftZu pokpo fjZ;/dkoh dk n?bkB ehsk. ehosB eEk sK eoBk jh ;h
phphnK ƒ P;so ;ik, x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/, d[PwD dhnK c"iK Bkb
bV^woB dh db/oh p\P fdZsh. J/;/ T[gd/P dh poes Bkb f;Zy
phphnK fIzdrh d/ ;ko/ y/soK ftZu pokposk tkbk o[Zspk gqkgs eo
;ehnK jB. dk;h s'A okDh, g?o dh i[Zsh s'A f;o dk ski pDk fdZsh
(7)

Jh. ;dhnK dh gbhs ;'u ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ goQ/ trkj wkfonk.
;fsr[o{ ih d/ ehs/ T[gekoK ekoB n"os iksh B/ ;kfjp ih nZr/
pko^pko ;h; M[ekfJnk ns/ XzBtkd ehsk. feT[Afe ;dhnK dh
}[bkwh s'A pknd fJ; ƒ y[ZbQh nkIkd fcIk ftZu ;kj b?Dk B;hp j'fJnk
;h.
“;s[ ;zs'y[ dfJnk Xow[ ;hrko[ pBktT[]
;cb ;[jkrfD BkBek ng[B/ gqG GktT[]” (812)
nfij/ T[Zusw r[DK ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
w/o/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ w?ƒ feosh w/jBsh pDkfJnk j?, ftjbV iK
wyZN{ BjhA. w?A fes/ th d;K Bj[nK dh feos eoK, d/P^ftd/P ftZu
iktK, ;G gqtkB j?. fe;kB pD y/sh eoK, d[ekBdko j'tK, tkgkoh
j'tK iK d/P dh okyh bJh todh gfjB, gfjo/dko f;gkjh pDk, ;G
gqtkB j?. f;Zyh fe;/ B/e ezw ftZu o'e BjhA gkT[Adh. ;r'A fdnkBsdkoh
Bkb fvT{Nh eoB dh gq/oBk eodh j?. f;Zyh ;o{g s/ f;Zyh r[DK ekoB
w?ƒ jo/e EK s/ ftP/P ;BwkB dh BIo Bkb t/fynk iKdk j?. fe;/ ezw
ekoB w?A BhtK iK T[Zuk BjhA j[zdk. id'A w?A ;zrs ƒ T[gd/P eoK sK
gzfvs o{g jK, f;gkjh j'tK sK yZsoh, y/sh iK tkgko eoK sK t?P, i{m/
GKv/ ;kc eo fojk j'tK iK MkV{ bk fojk j'tK sK P{do jK. w?ƒ fe;/
ezw s'A frbkBh BjhA, B/e Bhsh Bkb ehs/ rJ/ ;ko/ ezw jh Gb/ jB.
w?ƒ nkgD/ g?oK^f;o yV/ j'D ftZu ;zs[PNh fwbdh j?, s/ ;wki ftZu
;BwkB fwbdk j?. ftjbV ofjDk iK wzr e/ ykDk w?A gkg ;wMdk jK.
fJ; ;t?wkD Goh p\fPP ekoB jh sK w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
“BkBe ;fsr[fo G/fNn? g[oh j't? i[rfs]
j;zfdnk y/bzfdnk g?Bzfdnk yktzfdnk ftZu/ j't? w[efs]” (522)
w/o/ ;fsr[o{ ih tZb'A i' fBowb gzE P[o{ ehsk frnk j?, T[j
e/tb nkgD/ sZe ;hws BjhA j? ;r'A fJj sK ;opZs dk Gbk b'udk j?.
nkgD/^nkg pko/ sK gP{^gzSh s/ iht^izs{ th ;'ud/ jB. fco wB[Zysk
ftZu ekjdh ftP/Psk j'Jh < ;kfjp ih dk puB j? L^
irs[ ibzdk ofy b? nkgDh feogk Xkfo]
(8)

fis[ d[nko? T[po? fss? b?j[ T[pkfo] (853)
e'Jh Gbk ukjz[dk j? gfotko dk, e'Jh Gbk b'udk j? fgzv dk
iK d/P dk. goT[gekoh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;koh b'ekJh dk Gbk wzfrnk j?.
w?ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJj BjhA f;ykfJnk e/ e'Jh ftnesh e/tb f;Zy j'D
eoe/ jh wjkB j?. BjhA ;r'A ihtB ftZu ehs/ rJ/ ezwK nB[;ko Bp/VK
j'Dk j?. nZr/ XB, nj[dk, Iks, iK o{g BjhA ikt/rk. ;r'A nekb g[oy
dh :kd, f;woD ns/ ehs/ rJ/ B/e ezw jh ikDr/. fJ; rb s/ I'o BjhA
fdsk frnk fe s[;hA f;Zyh ƒ ngDkU, sK jh gko bzx'r/. pbfe pVh
coky fdbh Bkb nkfynk, ;u/ w[;bwkB pD', ;u/ fjzd{ pD'. n;b ftZu
T[j efj oj/ jB fe ;Zu/ fJB;kB pD'. wB[ysk Bkb fgnko eo', oIk
ftZu okih oj', goT[geko s/ ;kdrh tkbk ihtB pshs eo'. nkgD/
Xow d/ r[DK ƒ ;wM', fJ; soQK ;jh wkfJfBnK ftZu ;u/ Xowh g[oy
pD'.i' wB ftZu j't/ T[jh I[pkB s/ j't/, i' i[pkB s/ j't/ T[jh wB ftZu
j't/. co/ph s/ gkyzvh e'Jh BIo Bk nkt/. fJjBK y[Zb/ v[Zb/ ftukoK
ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
goEkfJ ;kyh wjk g[oy p'bd/ ;kMh ;rb ijkB?]
r[ow[fy j'fJ ;[ GT[ eo/ nkgDk nkg[ gSkB?] (647)
nZi ftfrnkB dk :[r j?, n;hA jo ftuko iK t;s{ ƒ
ftfrnkB dh nZy Bkb t/yDk goyDk ukj[zd/ jK. fJ; Bt/A fdqPNhe'D
s'A t/fynK ;z;ko d/ pj[s ;ko/ XowK d/ fB:w goy dh e;tZNh s/ yo/
BjhA T[sod/. fBZs fdB dhnK BthnK bZGsK B/ Xow w[yhnK ƒ rzGho
;'uK ftZu gk fdsk j?. ;dhnK s'A fJZe pbd B/ Xosh ƒ nkgD/ f;zrK
s/ uZ[fenk j'fJnk ;h. nZi T[j pbd Xosh d/ j/mK T[go'A x[zw e/
t/fynK Gh bZfGnk BjhA. ;G/ w[okdK nZy d/ c'o ftZu g{ohnK eoB
tkbh ekwX/B rT{, e/tb g[okfDe ejkDhnK se ;[zrV e/ ofj rJh j?.
;w[zdo d/ v{zx/ gkDhnK ftZu fNfenk, ftPƒ ih dh ;/tk ftZu jkIo P/P
Bkr, T[vkoh (

BjhA bZGdk. tkX{ dhnK frDshnK, fit/A L^ fszB b'e, u"dK spe, iK
u"dK jIko nkbw dh ;'u pj[s fgZS/ ofj rJh j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;k|
nky fdsk “e/s/ fJzd uzd ;{o e/s/HHHHgkskbk gkskb by nkrk;k
nkrk;HHHHb/yk j'fJ sK fbyhn? b/y? j'fJ ftDk;[.” fe;/ fejk Xosh
x[zwdh j?, fe;/ neb s/ x'V/ d[VkJ/ sK efj fdsk ;{oi uZeo eZNdk j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;kc efj fdsk fe ;ko/ nkg' nkgD/ fB:w ftZu rshPhb
jB. gktB r[opkDh ftZu gqwkD{ (n?Nw) dh wjkB Pesh pko/, f;qPNh
ouBk pko/, uzdK, skfonK, ;{oiK pko/, fwZNh d/ fJZe IZo/ s'A b? e/
pqfjwzv dh ftPkbsk se, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ i' nB[Gt ehsk, T[; ƒ oZph
fbt ftu'A, nekbh pkDh d/ o{g ftZu, T[sko fdsk. fiE'A se jkbh
ftfrnkB dh nZy BjhA t/y ;eh, r[opkDh B/ T[j ;G pj[s gfjbK jh
ftyk fdsk.” nkX[fBe IwkB/ dhnK ;kohnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tkbk,
;w[u/ ;z;ko ƒ fgnko^ebkt/ ftZu b?D tkbk. GftZy dk i/ e'Jh ;KMk
Xow j' ;edk j? sK e/tb r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu do;kfJnk Xow jh
j' ;edk j?.” fJj ftuko ;z;ko gqf;ZX ftd/Ph ftdtkB n?u n?b
pqkvPkj d/ jB. fJ; dh GftZy w[yh ;'u s/ nkT[D tkb/ IkwB/ ƒ :'r
nrtkJh d/D dh ;woEk dh feXo/ fw;kb BjhA fwbdh. fco nfij/
r[DK ekoB w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
Ghsfo nrfB pBk;gfs wT[bh ;kro[ gzv? gkfJnk]
uzd[ ;{oi[ d[fJ xo jh Ghsfo n?;k frnkB[ B gkfJnk] (1171)
w/o/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ gqtko s/ ;wki dhnK ;kohnK fIzw/tkohnK
fBGkT[AfdnK tkfjr[o{ ƒ ;dk :kd oZyD tk;s/ fejk j?. xo fsnkr
e/ izrbK gjkVK ftZu GNeD dh Io{os BjhA. ;BksBh gquko nXhB
b'eh fIzw/tkohnK s'A GZi oj/ ;B. d/P T[iV fojk ;h. fJZis o[b ojh
;h, pZu/ ftbe oj/ ;B, xo b[ZN/ ik oj/ ;B s/ fJj gZEoK (w{oshnK)
ƒ g{iD tkb/ b'e fJzB/ em'o j' u[e/ ;B fe sVg oj/ d/Ptk;hnK, Xow
GoktK G?DK dh e[obkjN fJjBK ƒ ;[DkJh jh BjhA d/Adh ;h. cke/
eZND/, sB Bzr/ oZyD/, ubhj/ eND/ X{DhnK, ibXko/ eoB/, i[Zsh dk
fsnkr ns/ j'o jo soQK d/ ;ohoe ePNK s'A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ w[es eo
(10)

fdsk. n?bkB eo fdZsk ;kXK, i'rhnK, fsnkrhnK, ;fBnk;hnK Bkb'A
fJZe feosh fJB;kB jIko doi/ T[sw j?, uzrk j?. y[d jh oZp nZr/
nodk; eo', i' wzrDk j? tkfjr[o{ ih s'A wzr', fe;/ nvzpo dh b'V BjhA
j?. w/o/ fgsk ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJj Gh ;wMk fdZsk fe izwDk woBk ;G
oZp ih d/ jZE ftZu j?. okw s/ oktD, e"ot^gKvt, pqjwk^ftPB{^feqPB
iK fPtih tor/ Gh Bjha oj/. fJ; bJh edh Yfjzdh ebk ftZu BjhA
ikDk ukjhdk. ;z;ko nykV/ ftZu x'b eofdnK, tv/ohnK fIzw/tkohnK
fBGkT[AfdnK, w/o/ ;'jD/ gzE s/ pj[s tkoh tZv/^tZv/ ;zeN nkJ/. r[o{
;kfjpkB dhnK b'e efbnkD fjs fjod/ t/Xe PjkdsK j'JhnK. S'N/
tZv/ xb{xko/ f;o T[go'A dh bzx/. i?s' fty/ s/ BBekDk ;kfjp fty/ f;ZyK
dk esb/nkw j'fJnk. ;zB 1984 ftZu dopko ;kfjp s/ IkbwK tb'A
fco wko{ jwbk ehsk frnk. GkDk wzBfdnK jo d[y dod, io fbnk.
“nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkfJ ;fsr[o{ w? gkfJnkHHHHHgVe/ eVkj gqPkd
toskfJnk frnk. r[opkDh s'A ;/X gqkgs ehsh^
;/te eh UVfe fBpjh gqhfs]
ihts ;kfjp ;/ftU ngBk ubs/ okfyU uhfs] (1000)
nfij/ wjkB r[DK tkb/ Xow ƒ w?A feT[A fgnko Bk eoK <
;'B fuVh Gkos d/; 700 ;kb s'A pd/Ph iotkfDnK d/ g?oK dh
\ke pD u[fenk ;h. XB ns/ o{g E'e ftZu pd/Ph b[ZNe/ pkjo fbik
oj/ ;B. ;sh ;ftsohnK ƒ, e[nkohnK ezieK ƒ, riBh d/ pIkohA
Bhbkw ehsk ik fojk ;h. w/o/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ w[odk b'eK ftZu nDy
r?os dh BthA o{j c{e fdsh. i'P itkbk d/ GKpV pkb fds/. ;t?wkD
ofjs fIzdrh Bkb'A ;{ofwnK tkbh w"s ep{b eoB dh tzrko gkJh. EK
EK ;otgZyh ihtB iku f;ykT[D tkb/ e/Ado y'bQ fds/ rJ/. i' d/P dhnK
i[nkBhnK G/vK peohnK pDhnK j'JhnK ;B, T[j fBwkDhnK fizdK
;fsr[o{ ih dk EkgVk b? e/, pZpo P/oK tKr djkVdhnK, ;h; sbh s/
oZy e/, jZEK ftZu yzv/ geV e/, i?eko/ rikT[AfdnK w?dkb ftZu i{MD bJh
e[Zd gJhnK. w/o/ ;fseko:'r pjkdo g[ofynK B/ jIkoK wk;{w npbktK
ƒ, IkbwK d/ p/ ofjw y{Bh gzi/ ftu'A, w[es eotk e/, gzE dhnK p/NhnK
(11)

pDk e/, ;fseko ;fjs tkg; xo'^xoh s'fonk. d/P dh bZE u[eh
d;sko w[V s'A f;o s/ pzBkJh. Mzv/ M[bkT[D/, x'V/ dh ;tkoh eoBh,
jfEnko oZyD/, wzdo ;e{b pDkT[D/, ftZfdnk gVQBh, ;ko/ ;ysh Bkb
wBk eo fds/ rJ/ ;B. w/o/ ;{ow/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;kohnK gkpzdhnK s'V
e/, bzwh izr bVe/, nDy nkB PkB w[V s'A pjkb eotkJh. d/P
tk;hnK ƒ fco s'A fIzdrh fiT{D dk tZb f;ykfJnk. nfijh r[Dekoh
goT[gekoh f;Zyh w?ƒ feT[A Bk br/ fgnkoh.
“ckj/ ekN/ fwN/ rtB cfsj GJh wfB ihs]
BkBe r[o s/ fEs gkJh fcoB fwN/ fBs Bhs]” (258)
fJZe pzfBT[A bzwh y{Bh izr bVe/ ykb;/ B/ d/P ƒ w[esh fdtk
fdsh, go ;w[zdoh o;s/ j'o b[N/ok cozrh nkD g[Zfink. fe;/ Gkos
tk;h ƒ T[;dk okj o'eD dh fjzws Bk gJh. T[;B/ nkgDh us[okJh dh
nfijh ukb uZbh fe e[M jh ;w/A nzdo, ;kok Gkos T[; dh r[bkwh ftZu
ubk frnk. fpBK fe;/ tZv/ izr s'A T[j pj[fsnK d/ wkbe pBD ftZu
ekw:kp j' rJ/. id'A nIkdh dk fprb tZfink w?A r'fonK ƒ d/P ftu'A
eZYD bJh f;o XV dh pkIh bk fdsh. w?A edh rdoh pkpk pfDnk,
edh eoKshekoh :'Xk pfDnk. edh e'Jh pZpo nekbh pDe/ p[ZeD
bZfrnk. edh pZi pZi d/ xkN s/ y{B dh j'bh y/Yh. edh jZ; jZ; e/
cK;h d/ oZ;/ rb gtkT[Adk fojk. i[owkB/ GoB/ ikfJdkdK ips
eokT[DhnK, T[ikV/ s/ ;otBkP j[zd/ oj/, go w?A nkgD/ fJokd/ s'A
fgSKj g?o Bk jNkfJnk. fjwkbk gops fiZvhnK w[;hpsK w/o/ s/
nkJhnK. go w?A ;fsr[o{ dh pkDh gVfdnK, fpBk xkpo/ nZr/ jh nZr/
tXdk ubk frnk. d/P ftZu 2# t;'A j'D d/ pkti{d Gh n;hA 86#
e[opkBhnK ehshnK. Bc/ B[e;kB dk edh pj[sk fceo Bk ehsk. y{B
dk nkyoh esok se b/y/ bk fdsk. fJj fBoG?sk ns/ f;oV w?ƒ
;fsr[o{ dh pkDh B/ pyfPnk j?. fco w?A feT[A B nfijh f;Zyh s'A
e[opkB iktK.
“;{ok ;' gfjukBhn? i[ bo? dhB e/ j/s]
g[oik g[oik efN wo? epj{ B Skv? y/s[]” (1105)
(12)

nkIkdh s'A pkd w/o/ thoK B/ d/P d/ Bt fBowkD ftZu ;G s'A
tZX :'rdkB gkfJnk. ;zB 47 d/ T[ikV/ ns/ popkdh s'A pknd, w[V
g?oK s/ yV/ j'Dk nk;kB BjhA ;h. n;hA ;zGb/, ihn ikB bk e/ fwjBs
ehsh. d/P d/ G[Zy/ ftbed/ b'eK bJh n;hA nzB d/ Gzvko Go fdZs/. n;hA
toQdh nZr s/ fvZr oj/ e'jo/ dh gqtkj BK eofdnK, oksK ikrfdnK
;ZgK dhnK f;ohnK fwZXfdnK, y{B g;hBk fJZe eod/ oj/. fJsBk
nBki g?dk ehsk fe pd/PK s'A wzrtkT[Dk sK pzd j'fJnk jh ;h, ;r'A
;KGDk n"yk j' frnk. fco w?A fuZN/ fJBebkp tZb w{zj c/fonk, sK d[ZX
dhnk BdhnK trk fdshnK. w?A nkgDk ikD e/ jo fJZe s/ fJspko eo
b?Adk fojk. Gkt/A nB/e tkoh w?ƒ X'y/ fds/ rJ/, ngwkBs ehsk frnk.
fwjBs dk g{ok w[Zb Gh Bk fdsk frnk. eJh b[et/A YzrK Bkb pdBkw
s/ ;kj;jhD eoB dk gkg Gh ehsk iKdk fojk. w?A ;fsr[o{ ih s'A
fjzws s/ nrtkJh b?AfdnK vfonk BjhA. MZyV M[Zb/, s{ckB tr/ ekbh
p'bh oks nkJhHHH. w?bz[ fBPuk j? nkgD/ tkfjr[o{ d/ gftZso fJB;kc
s/. T[j ;Zu dk gouw Io{o p[bzd eo/rk. s/ gkg dk f;o Io{o BhtK
j't/rk. fJ; PkBK wZs/ fto;/ ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zy j'D s/ wkD j?.
“dkBz gok g{op/D G[zuzs/ wjhgs/]
fpgohs p[XQz wkos b'ej BkBe fuozekb d[y G'rs/]”(1351)
w/oh todh d/ gzi eeko, ns/ ;h; s/ ;ih ;[zdo d;sko
r[od/t ih tb'A pyP/ nBw'b s'jc/ jB. ;fseko :'r pkDh d/ ou?sk
Grs ;kfjpkB, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp s'A b? e/ d;w gksPkj jI{o se dh
;koh Grsh, ;[zdosk, goT[gekoK ns/ f;nkDg ;w/s ;{owrsh w?ƒ
pyP fdsh j?. bzw/ e/;K ƒ ;ztko e/ T[go ;IkJh d;sko, cZpthA
o'jpdko dkjVh tkb/ ;o{g ekoB, jIkoK dh GhV ftu'A jh w?A Bt/ebk
gSkfDnk ik ;edk jK. poks ftZu ;i oj/ bkV/ tKr, ;G dhnK BIoK
w/o/ s/ nk e/ nNe iKdhnK jB. w/o/ nzr ;zr ;KGh feogkB fBoG?sk
dk g?}kw fdqV eotk ojh j?. nkgDh ;t? oZfynk d/ Bkb Bkb rohp
wIb{w ns/ XhnK G?DK dh oZfynk Gh w?A eoB bJh ;dk fsnko jK.
w/o/ ;Zi/ jZE gfjfBnk b'j/ dk eVk, w?ƒ Gow Bk;e pDk fojk j?. fe;/
(13)

wzrb p[ZX iK PBh nkfd dk G? w?A go/ trkj wkfonk j?. bZe gfjfBnk
eSfjok is^;s dk goshe j?. d[Bhnk d/ b'e J/vI tor/ fGnkBe
o'rK ftZu roed/ ik oj/ jB, w?ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ jZE d/ e/ puk fbnk
j?. gokJ/ o{g dh jt; ekoB wjKGkos dh fGnkBe izr j'Jh. fJ;/
o{g dh ueku"AX ekoB okw s/ oktD bVd/ wod/ oj/. bZyK b'e fJ;/
ekoB w"s dk rqk; pD rJ/. fJ; ftGuko ekoB fiE/ sB o'rh j[zdk
j?, T[ZE/ wB ftekoh s/ ewI'o j' iKdk j?. tZ;d/ y[PhnK wkDd/ xo
T[iV iKd/ jB. w/o/ ;fsr[o{ ih pj[s d{o se dh ;'u oZyD tkb/ ;B.
T[jBK ;\sh Bkb fJ; gkg eow s'A toi fdsk.
“fpzd[ B okyfj ish ejktfj] wkJh wKrs sq? b'Gktfj]” (903)
Bkb jh gokJh n"os dk ;BwkB eoB tk;s/ nkd/P fdsk
“t/y gokJhnK uzrhnK wktK G?DK XhnK ikD?” (GkL r[L)
w?A sK E'VQk ykD ftZu E'VQk ;"D ftZu ftPtk; oydk jK. fJ;/
ftZu uzrh f;js dk oki S[fgnk j'fJnk j?. r[o{ do;kJ/ ;'jD/ wkor
s/ ubfdnK, ftekoK s'A pu/ ofjDk jh n;bh ;[uZih fIzdrh j?. fJjBK
r[DK ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
“;fsr[o[ ;/tfB ;' ;'jD/ jT[w? w?b[ rtkfJ]
;pfd os/ ;/ fBowb/ ubfj ;fsr[o GkJh]”(233)
;[os ;zGkbfdnK jh w?ƒ d;w gksPkj jI{o dh yk; d/D yzv/
dh gkj[b SeD dk j[ew j'fJnk j?. fJ; ftXh okjhA w?A f;Zyh wzvb ftZu
gqt/P eodk jK. s/ nkgD/ fBokb/ gzE dk nzr pDdk jK. w/o/ nzdo
;zs tkbh fBwosk s/ f;gkjh tkbk i'P mkmK wko T[Zmdk j?. nzfwqs t/b/
ikr e/ fJB;kB eoe/, fBsB/w dh pkDh dk gkm eoe/ w/ok fdB P[o{
j[zdk j?. w?A fIzdrh dh ;koh nrtkJh r[opkDh s'A gqkgs eodk jK.
u'oh, mZrh, fBzdk, t?o, fto'X nkfd s'A ;dk pu e/ ofjzdk jK. ikd{
wzso, Xkr/ sths, g[ZSDk^dZ;Dk, N/tk gZsoh, i'fsP, fEs tko, wj{os,
PrB, ngPrB, tos nkfd bJh w/o/ wB ftZu e'Jh EK BjhA j?. w?A
fJZe nekb g[oy d/ Go';/ jh PKs fuZs fIzdrh fpskT[Adk jK. fJjBK
wjkB r[DK ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
(14)

“frnkB[ fXnkB[ ;G[ r[o s/ j'Jh]
;kuh ojs ;kuk wfB ;'Jh]” (831)
uko pZio e[ofjsK dh skVBk okjhA ;fsr[o{ ih B/ w?ƒ ;\s
j[ew ehsk j? fe w?A ftP/ ftekoK s'A ;dk pue/ ojK. e/; ;fsr[o{ ih
tb'A pyPh yk; (fBPkBh) w'jo jB. wB[Zy tKr fe;/ j'o iht d/ f;o
s/ bzw/ e/; s/ fujo/ s/ dkjVh BjhA j[zdh. gqw/Po tb'A fe;/ yk; we;d
bJh jh fJj g?dk ehs/ rJ/ jB. dkjVh e/;K Bkb wodkT{ g[D/ tkbk
o'jp, eJh r[DK tX iKdk j?. ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB dk ngDk i' yk; o{g
;h^dkjVh e/; s/ d;sko tkbk, T[jh o{g fgnkoh fBPkBh ykb;/ ƒ
pyP fdZsh. ;fsr[o{ ih dh y[Ph j[ew dh gkbDk eoB ftZu jh j' ;edh
j?. fJ; pko/ pj[s jh Gktg{os puB, ;z;ko gqf;ZX ftdtkB, XowK
d/ y'ih, nmkoK fibdK ftZu ;z;ko d/ XowK dk fJfsjk; fbyD tkbk,
nkoB'bv NkfJBph f;ZyK pko/ fbydk j?^ “nro ;z;ko dk ;G s'A
;[zdo wB[Zy fe;/ B/ t/yDk j't/ sK r[opkDh dk o;hnk, ofjsK ftZu
g{ok, r[o{ BkBe, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tb'A to';kJ/ j'J/ f;Zy d/
doPB eo bt'. go jK T[j brd/ jZE fJj Gh fby frnk j? fe f;Zyh
s'A Gr"Vk, BPJh ftekoh ns/ gfsZs f;Zy, d[Bhnk dk ;G s'A eo{g
fJB;kB j?. fco w?A eo{g ns/ pdPebk feT[A pDk, ;'jDk feT[A Bk
pDk < d;w/; fgsk B/ nkgD/ bys/ firo Pjhd eotk e/ ;kƒ nkgD/
XhnK g[Zso pDkfJnk ;h. ;odkohnK BtkphnK pkdPkjhnK pyPhnK
;B. “ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;” efj e/ fBtkfink ;h. fJ;/ bJh w?ƒ
f;Zyhs/ wkD j?.
tkfjr[o{ ih e' ;[s GfJU ykb;k ;[ Bhek nfs,
tkfjr[o{ ih eh fwb cfsj ;[ p[bkJh j?.
gho gkfsPkj eokwksh i' nwo gzE,
fjzd{ n"o s[oe j{zeh ekD e' fwNkJh j?.
sh;ok wjip ir d/ye/ nip wjK,
p?oh e' rip GfJU ShB/ me[okJh j?.
Xow ;Ekgp/ e', gkgB e/ ykgp/ e',
(15)

[o{ ikgp/ e', BJh ohs :"A ubkJh j?.
(;{oi gqekP ^ GkJh ;zs'y f;zx)
d[Bhnk ftZu T[sB/ b'e nZi izrK i[XK ftZu BjhA wod/ fizB/
BfPnK ekoB spkj j' iKd/ jB. ;koh d[Bhnk d/ ftukotkB itkBh ƒ
BP/ tkbh v{zxh ykJh ftZu roefdnK t/y e/ vkY/ fceowzd B/. BP/
ekoB popkdh g?;/ dh, f;js dh, fJZIs dh s/ xo gfotko dh. ;z;ko
dk fJfsjk; gfVQnK gsk brdk j? fe BPJh ftPJh b'eK B/ oki, d/;
s/ ;w[Zu/ ykBdkB spkj ehs/ jB. BP/ dk nkdh fJB;kB nkgD/ nkg
ƒ jh BjhA ;zGkb ;edk, gqtko BjhA gkb ;edk, d/P iK Xow dk eh
;ztko/rk< fiBK g[oksB wjKg[oyK i'fXnK s/ nZi n;hA wkD eod/ jK,
Iok ;'u'. i/ T[j BP/ ftZu nkgD/ nkg ƒ v'p b?Ad/ eh goT[geko tkb/
wjkB ekoi eo ;ed/ ;B < nZi d/ IwkB/ ftZu fit/A nkdwh BfPnK
dh p[okJh dk fPeko j' u[fenk j?, Iok fdb s/ jZE oZy e/ ;'u'. nro
;kvhnK ;[nkDhnK, ƒjK, XhnK Gh BP/ dhnK nkdh j' ikD, fco fJ;
;wki dk fujok w'jok fej' fijk j't/rk < eh nkT[D tkbh B;b
;[oZfyns ofj ;e/rh < g{oh wB[Zysk dk ;opBkP jh BjhA j' ikt/rk
< ;'u e/ o{j ezp iKdh j?. w?A sK ;fsr[o{ ih dh nzfwqswJh pkDh dh
f;Zfynk s'A pko^pko e[opkB iKdk jK, fi;dh pd"bs w?A fJj j[ew
gqkgs eodk j? L^
d[owfs wd[ i' ghts/ fpybh gfs ewbh]
okw o;kfJfD i' os/ BkBe ;u nwbh] (399)
fJs[ wfd ghs? BkBek pj[s/ yNhnfj fpeko](587)
fJjBK gftZso T[gd/PK ekoB w?A popkd j'D' pu frnk jK,
fJjh pukfJnk g?;k B/e ezwK s/ you eodk jK. fJ;/ ekoB w?ƒ f;yh
s/ wkD j?.
tkj` ;wki ;/tk dh e?;h nB{mh ftXh pyPh j?, ;fsr[o{
;kfjp ih B/. id'A f;Zy r[od[nko/ nk e/ gkm, ehosB, eEk ;otD
eodk j?, sK Bkb' Bkb jEhA ;/tk eoe/ r[o{ dhnK y[PhnK dk gkso
pDdk j?. fJE/ nkswk d/ efbnkD tk;s/ Ppd dk bzro, s/ ;oho dh
(16)

'V tk;s/ G'iB gqPkd/ dk bzro fsnko j[zdk j?. nkJ/ :kso{nK bJh
r[od[nkok fJZe o?D p;/ok j?. wohIK bJh w[ZYbh ;jkfJsk dk e/Ado
j?. ;wki ftZu uzr/ fJB;kB pDe/ ftuoB dh f;fynk r[od[nko/ ftu'A
jh fwbdh j?. bzro ftZu T[u/ Bht/A tZv/ S'N/ Bkb e'Jh ftseok BjhA
ehsk iKdk. fJE/ tZv/ tZv/ skIdko pkdPkj Gh fBwkD/ ;/te pDe/
dkyb j[zd/ jB. wjkokik oDihs f;zx sK f;Zy j'D d/ Bks/, fJE/
fBwosk ;fjs ;zrsK Bkb bzro Sedk jh ;h, ;r'A PeshPkbh w[;bwkB
pkdPkj, nepo Gh r[o{ dopko ftZu ;zrs ftZu p?m e/ goPkdk See/
fBjkb j'fJnk. iks gks d/ e'jV ƒ iV'A ysw eoB tk;s/ bzro dh
;KMh gqDkbh ƒ ;koh d[Bhnk B/ ;bkfjnk j?. o?v eok; ;z;Ek sK jkbh
1864 ftZu jh pDh j?. id fe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ bzro ubk e/
o'rhnK dh ;/tk eoe/, fJj ekoi gzi ;" ;kb gfjbK nkozG eo fds/
;B. ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih jI{o B/ sK GkJh eBQJhnk ih okjhA
d[PwDK dh ;/tk ;zGkb Gh eotkJh ;h.
“ysqh pqkjwD ;{d t?; ;G J/e? Bkfw sokBE]
r[o[ BkBe[ T[gd/;[ ejs[ j? i' ;[B/ ;' gkfo gqkBE]”(1001)
iht dk ;z;ko s/ nkT[Dk ikDk izwDk woBk gqw/Po dh oIk
ftZu wzfBnk frnk j?. r[opkDh dk ;gPN j[ew j? fe tkfjr[o{ d/
pDkJ/ B/wK dh gkbDk eofdnK oIk ftZu okIh ofjDk j?. iBw tes
pj[s/ T[u/u eoB dh Io{os BjhA, GzrV/ gkT[D/, PokpK tzvDhnK, j'o
nB/e you/ eoB/, fJjBK cI{b yofunK s'A w?ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ puD
dk j[ew ehsk j?. Bkb jh nro iht dh w"s j' iKdh j?, t?D gkT[D/,
f;nkg/ eoB/, c[jVh ;ZEo s/ p?mDk, fJjBK s'A Gh ;kfjp ih B/ wBQk
ehsk j?. w?ƒ w'J/ gqkDh dhnK n;EhnK jfod[nko iK ehosg[o b? e/
ikD dh e'Jh wIp{oh BjhA j?. feT[Afe fBp/Vk ehs/ eowK s/ j'Dk j?.
iK tkfjr[o{ dh :kd Bkb fBGDh j?. Gkt/A jkbks fej' fij/ j'D, w?A sK
r[opkDh gVQe/ fJj f;fynk bJh j? fe ;dk ;fji nt;Ek ftZu ofjDk
j?. oZp d/ GkD/ ƒ fyV/ wE/ ;theko eoBk jh r[owfs j?. c'e/ ;z;eko
tkX{ d/ ohsh fotkI, cI{b o;wK ftZu Bk g?Dk jh r[of;yh j?. nBzd
(17)

ekoi dh wfo:kdk Gh f;ZyK ftZu ;kdrh ns/ r[o{ fgnko dh jh
bykfJe j?. fi; ftZu p/^wkfjB/ you/ s/ tkX{ dhnK ohsK o;wK s'A
puD dk j[ew j?. fJj ekoi ;kdrh Gog{o s/ nrzwh y[Ph d/D tkbk
j?. fco fJ; ƒ r[o{ j[ewK dh T[bzxDk eoe/ d{fPs feT[A ehsk ikt/ <
;/y j:ksh ifr B e'Jh fEo ofjnk..
fi;[ n;fD jw p?m/ e/s/ p/f; rfJnk.. (488)
;t/o t/b/ ikrD tes fJPBkB eoe/ pkDh gVQB Bkb w/ok
ihtB P[o{ j[zdk j?. w?A fdB ftZu fJZe tkoh gftZso r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih
d/ T[gd/P okjhA doPB eodk jK. fdB Go ;ko/ ezw eofdnK,
tkfjr[o{ ƒ nzr ;zr ikDdk j'fJnk fe;/ Bkb X'yk co/p, u'oh mZrh BjhA
eodk. Pkwh ;'do dk fBsB/w s/ ;"D bfrnk ;'fjbk ih dh pkDh gVQhdh
j?. rb eh ;t/o/ s'A Pkw se iBw s'A woB se, gqtko dhnK s/ ;wki
dhnK ;G fIzw/tkohnK fBGkT[AfdnK w?A r[opkDh nB[;koh ihtB fpskT[D
dk isB eodk jK. r[owfs ftZu jo ekoi fJzBk ;"yk s/ xZN youhbk
j? s/ nkX[fBe j?, fe r[of;yh dh uko/ pzfBT[A skohc jh skohc j?.
shoEK s/ N[o/ fcoBK, ;wK s/ XB popkd eoB s'A w?A pu frnk jK.
tkfjr[o{ ih dk Bkw s/ fwZmh :kd jh T[;dk j[ew f;o wE/ ;theko
eoBk jh n;b shoE j?.
fJj[ wB[ ek;h ;fG shoE f;fwqfs ;fsr[o dhnk p[MkfJ]
nm;fm shoE[ fs;[ ;zfr ojfj fiB jfo fjod? ofjnk ;wkfJ] (491)
fJjBK ;[zdo r[DK ekoB jh w?ƒ f;Zyh s/ wkD j?.
fwbD tes iK ftSVB tes nkw ftnesh okw okw iK
Bw;s/, r[Zv wkofBzr iK fco i? fjzd p'bdk j?. fJj rZbK ftneshrs
jB iK ;EkBtkuh jB. w?ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ d/P ekb dhnK jZdK s'A pj[s
nr/ gj[zuk fdZsk j?. w?A ftneshnK dk g[ikoh BK j' e/ nekb dh cfsj
rikT[Adk jK. f;qPNh d/ eosk tkfjr[o{ ih ƒ jh nkgDh fBs dh ihtB
fefonk ftZu ;Bw[y oydk jK. w/o/ g?rzpo (;fsr[o{) B/ nkgD/ Bkw
dk i?ekok bkT[D bJh BjhA nkfynk. T[j j[ew d/ ;ed/ ;B fe f;Zy'
nkfynk eo'^ “p'b r[o{ BkBe d/t eh i?, p'b r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx eh
(18)

i?.” fe;/ iE/dko fe;/ f;Zy wjkoki/, f;Zy ioB?b dh i? i?eko Gh Bjha
eohdh. fe;/ Bkwh T[gekoh iK ;kX ;zs dh i? eoB dh Gh nkfrnk
BjhA j?. fJE/ sK ;w[uk ihtB tkbk ykb;k gzE jh ;fseko dk gkso
j?. fJjBK bk;kBh r[DK d/ xVBjko/ ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ pkozpko gqDkw j?.
xN xN ftZu ow/ j'J/, ihtB dksK pyPD tkb/, tkfjr[o{ ih ƒ nBzs
pko Bw;eko j?. id'A Gh f;Zy (fJ;soh iK g[oP) nkg; ftZu fwbd/
jB, ;fseko ;fjs, “tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh
cfsj” rikT[Ad/ jB. ;kv/ izrh Bkjo/ “i' p'b/ ;' fBjkb, ;fs f;oh
nekb” ns/ tkfjr[o{ ih eh cfsj, fiZs dh ikwBh (rozNh) pD rJh
j?. jko ojhnK c"iK ftZu i'P GoB ykso pj[sh tkoh r?o f;yK ƒ Gh
fJj Bkjo/ r[zikT[D bJh j[ew fdsk iKdk fojk j?. gktB r[opkDh ns/
nfij/ p[bzd i?eko/ w?ƒ nfs dhnK n'eVK ftZu Gh fjzws pyPd/ oj'.
w?A nv'b nZr/ tXdk fojk. fJjBK ;[u/ r[DK ekoB jh sK w?ƒ f;yh s/
wkD j?.
“;' ;fsr[o[ XB[ XzB[ fifB Gow rV[ s'fVnk]
;' ;fsr[o[ tkj[ tkj[ fifB jfo f;T[ i'fVnk]”(522)
w?A ukjz[dk jK fe fJj ;'jD/ r[DK tkbh f;Zy ftukoXkok w/o/ j'o
G?DK GoktK ƒ Gh fgnkoh bZr/. w?A BjhA ukj[zdk fe fJzBh T[sw t;s{
w/o/ se ;hws oj/. fJ; wjkB yIkB/ ƒ sK ;kfonK Bkb ;kMK eoBk
pDdk j?. r[owfs dh y[Pp{ ns/ ukBD e[b ekfJBks ftZu c?bDk
ukjhdk j?. r[owfs pko/ fiBQK ƒ frnkB BjhA j?, Bk ;wMh ekoB i'
e[okj/ g? rJ/ jB, w?A ukj[zdk jK fJjBK ihtB dkB d/D tkb/ n;{bK ƒ
gVQ ;[D e/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh PoB ftZu, f;Zyh gfotko ftZu Pkwb j' ikD.
r[opkDh ftu'A fIzdrh dk ;Zu ns/ sZs gqkgs eo b?D. f;Zy fJfsjk;
d/ bk;kBh ekoBkw/, r"ot tkb/ tkfenks ;kv/ ;kfonK dh ;KMh wkbeh
jB ftok;s jB. nkgD/ nkg ƒ sthnK s/ sk e/, ;h; eNtk e/, d/rK
ftZu T[pkb/ yk e/, g[Zso Pjhd eotk e/HHHH ;fsr[o{ ih e'b i' e[M ;G
s'A ehwsh ;h, ;kvh M'bh ftZu gk fdsk. i/ “Bkw ifgnk, tzv Sfenk,
d/r ubkJh s/r tkjhHHHH”. oki Gkr d/ wkbe pD/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh
(19)

ofjws, f;fynk ;dek.
“jw o[bs/ fcos/ e'Jh pks Bk g{Ssk r[o ;fsr[o ;zfr eho/ jw Ekg/]” (167)
;fsr[o{ ;woE j?, fwjotkB j?, b'V j? sK ;fseko ;fjs
nodk; eoB dh, nkgk G/N eoB dh, r[o{pkDh nB[;koh ihtB YkbD
dh. ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ ;/teK dh ntZP pj[Vh eo/rk, pKj cV/rk.
ng[B/ ;fsr[o e? pfbjko?]
nkr? ;[y[ gkS? ;[y ;jik xfo nkBzd[ jwko/] (609)
XzB[ XzB[ Gkr fsBk r[ow[yK, i' r[of;y b? wB fiDfsnk..
;G d{z tv/ Gkr r[of;yK e/, i' r[ouoDh f;y gVfsnk (649)
(20)

d;tzX gqgzok
(r[o{ ekb ^Gkr gfjbk)
;w[Zu/ ;z;ko ftu nwhoh, rohph, ekb fpwkoh, izr, G[ukb s/
j'o e[dosh nkcsK ihtK bJh ;zeN g?dk eodhnK ofjzdhnK jB.
fJjBK w[;hpsK tkb/ fdBK ftu, b'VtzdK dh ;jkfJsk tk;s/, wB[Zyh
jwdodh oZyD tkb/ b'e Gh swkPkJh pDe/ BjhA p?m iKd/. T[j Gb/
fJB;kB, ;woEk ns/ ;kXBK w[skpe, ;/tk bJh isB eod/ ofjzd/
jB. fJj goT[gekoh GktBk e/tb wB[ZyK ftu jh BjhA j?. ;r'A fe;/
jZd sZe gP{nK gzShnK ftu Gh, ;/tk dk e'Jh Mbekok fwb ikdk j?.
fit/A fit/A wB[Zyh ;'u B/ ftek; ehsk, ;/tk GktBk j'o Gh uzr/ Yzr Bkb
fBZyo e/ ;kjwD/ nkT[D bZrh. ;/tk dh P[o{nks, ftneshnK tZb'A ehsh
iKdh j?, b/feB j"bh j"bh iE/pzde o{g XkoB eo iKdh j?. feT[Afe
;zrmB okjhA ehsh ;/tk, nB/e gZyh tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ ehsh ik ;edh j?.
fJ; ;/tk dk Yzr s/ Bkw e'Jh Gh j' ;edk j?.
fJjBK ;hws gZXo s/ ehshnK ik ojhnK ;/tktK B{z m'; s/
ftPkb o{g d/D bJh j'o ;[Xko eoe/, pj[s ;ko/ Xow w[yhnK B/ ngDk
fbnk. nZr'A fJj pj[^gZyh ;/tktK Xow dk jh fJe nzr pD rJhnK.
:j{dh, fJ;kJh, iK w[;bwkB ;ko/ jh b'VtzdK dh ;jkfJsk bJh e'Jh B
e'Jh ekoi P[o{ oZyd/ jB. fJ;kJh Xow ftu dkB ehsh rJh wkfJnk
Bkb rohpK, nDgVK, fpwkoK s/ ekb ghVsK nkfd dh ehsh iKdh
;jkfJsk s'A ;koh d[BhnK tkec j?. fJ;bkw Xow tkb/ ngDh ewkJh
ftu'A ieks (ukbhtK fjZ;k) XownoE ekoiK bJh eZYd/ jB. f;Zy r[o{
;fjpkB B/ fJ; Gb/ eki B{z gZe/ g?ohA eoB tk;s/ f;ZyK B{z nkd/P fdZsk
fe T[j ngDh feos ftu'A dZ;tK fjZ;k Xow noE io{o d/D. fJ;/
d;t/A fjZ;/ B{z ;wK gk e/ d;tzX’’ fejk ikD br fgnk.
d[BhnK Go dhnK ;oekoK nkgD/ PfjohnK s/, f;ZX/ nf;ZX/
nDfrDs N?e; brkT[AdhnK jB. fJeZmh j'Jh okPh B{z d/P d/ ftek;
ezwK s/ yofunk iKdk j?. ;ojZdK dh okyh bJh c"i s/ pj[s g?;k you
(21)

j[zdk j?. b'VtzdK d/ Bkw j/m eJh tkoh fJ; XB dh e[tos'A Gh j' iKdh
j?. i' B[esk fJE/ ftP/P j?, T[j fJj fe N?e; okjhA fdZsh rJh wkfJnk
b'e wBK ftu T[j gftso GktBk g?dk eoB ftu n;woE ofjzdh j?,
i' ;t? fJZSk Bkb Xow ekoiK ftu fdZsh wkfJnk g?dk eodh j?. N?e;
d/D ftu wip{oh j?. d{i/ ftu ;po ;p{oh j?, wkBf;e j[bkok j?.
fJ;/ bJh nZi Gh pj[s ;ko/ b'e nkgD/ nzs ;w/A fizdrh Go
fJeZmh ehsh XB okPh, Xow noE ezw eoB tkb/ ndkfonK B{z dkB
ti'A d/ iKd/ jB.
f;Zy ;wki ftu ;KM/ ekoiK tk;s/, ;odk pDdk fjZ;k gkT[D
dh fgos, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/A s'A jh gquZbs j' rJh ;h.
eoskog[o d/ b'eK B/ fJj tZyok jh e"se tofsnk t/fynk. nkw
jkbsK ftu b'eh ;kX{ wjkswktK nZr/ G/Nk g{ik d/ o{g ftu nzB p;so
nogD eod/ ;B. oki/ wjkoki/ nwho tiho dkB dZSDk b? e/ foPh
w[BhnK e'b doPBK bJh nkT[Ad/ ;B. d{i/ gk;/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih
B/, fJE/ nkgDh iwhB ftu y[d y/sh eoBh nozG eo fdZsh. g?dk
j'fJnk nzBdkDk, ;KMhnK b'VK tk;s/ tofsnk ikD bZrk. doPBK B{z
nkJ/ ;/te s/ :kso{, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB puB Gh rqjD eod/ ;ohoe
b'VK bJh bzro Gh Sed/. fJ; s'A fJbktk j'o jo soQK dhnK b'VK
g{ohnK eod/. e[ZM b?D dh EK ;r'A e[M fdZsk ik fojk ;h. G?DK GoktK
torh ;KM g?dk j' ojh ;h. fJj fBZs dh ;KMh fwbtos'A, T{u Bhu dh
jT{w? d/ wfjb B{z Ykj ojh ;h. iksgks d/ niro B{z yk ojh ;h.
bzro fsnko eoB tk;s/ ehsh rJh w[PZes, ;/tk d/ phi wB ftu p'
ojh ;h. ;fsr[o{ ih dh nkgDh ftnshrs fBr/jpkBh ftu, thj e[
;kb, fJj ;zrs gzrs y{p fgnko Bkb ;idh s/ tXdh c[bdh ojh.
fJ; ftXh B/ N[ZN/ ;wki B{z fJe ;Ku/ ftu YkbDk P[o{ ehsk. iok nkgD/
fdb s/ jZE oye/ ;'u', fi; gotko d/ w?Apo, fJeZm/ p?me/ fgnko
Bkb ykDk Gh Bk yk ;eD, T[jBK dhnK tZy'A tZy b'VK s/ nZv' nZv
;[nkd j'tD sK ftuko fJe fet/A j' ;ed/ jB < tZyo/ ftukoK tkb/
b'eK s'A, fe;/ ;KM/ nkdoP B{z gqkgs eoB tk;s/, fwbt/A T[dw dh,
d[y ;[y ftu GkJhtkb j'D dh, fJZe d{i/ s'A ikB tkoB dh nk; fet/
(22)

A ehsh ik ;edh j? < ;zrs gzrs ftu'A ;KMk GkJhukok iBw b?Adk
j?. ;kfonK dhnK ;KMhnK b'VK dh g{osh tk;s/, ;KM/ czv dk j'Dk
Gh nsh io{oh j?. jo w?Apo B{z fJj wfj;{; j't/ fe w/ok Gh xZN
iK tZX ftu :'rdkB j?. fJ;/ GktBk nXhB, r[o{ eh r'be B{z
;opZs d/ Gb/ fjZs, ;KM/ ekoiK bJh, tofsnk ikD bZrk.
r[o{ BkBe ;kfj[p dk nkgD/ ;g[ZsoK B{z ;KMh gzEe ikfJdks
ftu'A e[M Bk d/Dk, ;ko/ GkJhuko/ ns/ gqtko B{z Bkoki eo b?Dk, fJ;
rZb dk ;{ue j? fe gzEe ikfJdks, ns/ r[o{ eh r'be, ;KMh nwkBs
jB, fe;/ ftnesh ftP/P d/ w"i w;sh eoB bJh BjhA. T[j Gkt/A r[o{
nzP, r[o{ ;g[Zso jh feT[A Bk j'D. ih jK ! nkgD/ ;g[ZsoK B{z r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp B/ fJj ntZP fejk fe s[;hA ihtB fBopkj tk;s/, fJ; xo
ftu'A XB b? ;ed/ j'. fJj :kd oZyDk r[o{ xo d/ e[ZfsnK B{z Gh
e'Jh ewh BjhA oj/rh. s[;hA sK w/o/ p/N/ j' . r[o{ r[o{ igDk iBw
;zto/rk’’. (tkbkfJs tkbh iBw ;kyh g'Eh, i'sh i's ;wkT[D dh)
pkb/ tkbh iBw;kyh ftu ‘‘T[FZgb ysoh B{z T[gd/P’’ ;kyh d/ sfjs r[o{
BkBe ;kfjp B/ ;koh ;zrs B{z skVBk Go/ puBk okjhA fJT[A ;zp'XB
ehsk ;h ^ ‘‘wodkfBnK ! J/j gdkoE g{ik dk ykXk n?;k j?, i?;/
fpy ykXh gudh BjhA. s?;/ jh g{ik dk XkB gudk BjhA.’’
ftjbV ;zsK, bj{ ghD/ i'rhnK, tZYhy'o ekIhnK, gkyzvh
pqkjwDk B{z r[o{ ih B/ bzw/ jEhA fbnk. b'eK B{z b[ZNe/ ykD dh Ekt/
A d;K B"jK dh feos eoe/ SeD dk ns/ nkgDh ewkJh ftu'A j'oK B{z
tzv SekT[D dk T[gd/P fdZsk^
frnkB ftj{Dk rkt? rhs.. G[y/ w[bK xo/ w;hfs..
wyN[ j'fJ e? ezB gVkJ/.. ceo[ eo/ j'o[ ikfs rtkJ/..
r[o[ gho[ ;dkJ/ wzrD ikfJ.. sk e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ..
xkb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.. BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ .. (1245)
id'A t/fynk fe fJ; g{ik d/ XB ekoB pj[s eb/P g? fojk j?
sK r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih yv{o ik fpoki/. e[M jh no;/ pkd ;zrsK dh
nktkikJh tZv/ gZXo s/ j' rJh. d;tzX dh wkfJnk ns/ nzB p;so
pj[s nkT[D bZr fgnk. S/sh jh ;zrsK tk;s/ fojkfJP ns/ dhtkB
(23)

n;EkB tk;s/ T[;koh ;zg{oD eo bJh rJh. bzro i' ;zrs bJh
fsnko j[zdk ;h, fBo'b nzfwqswJh ;h. feT[Afe fJ; ftu Bkw ozr ftu
oZsh, f;nkDh wK dh nrtkJh s/ ;/tk GktBk dk nfwU o; ;h. fJ;/
bJh gktB r[opkDh ftu ‘‘pbtzv yhth B/e iB’’ ‘‘nky e/ ;fseko
ehsk frnk j?. f;Zy g[Zso XhnK B{z T[j ‘‘o;[ nzfwqs[ yhfo fxnkbh’’
i' SekT[Ad/ ;B.
pbtzv yhth B/e iB fi;[ pj[sh SkT[ gsqkbh..
bzrfo dT[bfs tzvhn? o;[ nzfwqs yhfo fxnkbh..
wksk yhth ;j[ ;'fJ fifB r'fJ T[mkbh.. (967)
sh;o/ BkBe r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/ T[rokjh,
ns/ f;Zyh gquko, bJh TZ[u/ ;[Zu/ ihtB tkb/ r[of;Zy fB:[es eoe/ d{o
doki sZe d/ fJbkfenK ftu G/i/. fJ; B/e ns/ PoXk GktBk Bkb
nogD ehsh rJh wkfJnk Bkb b'VtzdK, fpwkoK, ngjkiK dh ;zGkb
ehsh iKdh ;h. fpBK ftseo/ s'A pj[s tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ jo ;w/A bzro ubd/
;B. Bkb' Bkb r'fJzdtkb Bro dh T[;koh j' ojh ;h. Xow;kb skwho
ehsh ik ojh ;h. gkDh dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tk;s/ v{zxh pkT[bh
g[NtkJh ik ojh ;h. fJjBK ;ko/ wjZstg{oB ekoiK B{z, tv/oh T[wo
j'D d/ pkti{d, ;fsr[o{ ih y[d t/yd/ ;B sK fe feXo/ e[skjh Bk j' ikt/
. ;kok f;b;bk fJe uzr/ tZv/ gqtko tKr, fBoftxB uZb fojk ;h.
jo e'Jh nkgDh j?;hns w[skpe :'rdkB gk fojk ;h.
u"E/ BkBe, r[o{ okwdk; ;kfjp B/ nzfwqs;o Bro dh T[;koh
eotkJh. pj[s tZvk gqki?eN ;h. pVhnK n"eVK okj ftu nkJhnK.
nkgD/ gqtko tk;s/ d' ewo/ SZsD/ j'D sK ;G e[M fte iKdk j?. eoi/
dhnK gzvK f;o uVQ iKdhnK jB. iok ;'u' ! id'A pZMth nkwdBh e'Jh
Bk j't/, Pfjo t;kDk fesBk i'yw Gfonk ezw ;h. nkJhnK ;zrsK B{z
;zGkbDk, bzro s/ fojkfJP d/Dh, iks gks d/ jkwh b'eK dh fto'Xsk
MZbDh, Xow T[[gd/P eoBk, gftZso pkDh dh ouBk Gh Bkb' Bkb
eoBh, ;G' ekoi ;fsr[o{ dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ftu ubdk fojk, s/ nZr/
tXdk fojk. nzfwqs;o tork y{p;{os Pfjo, f;Zy Xow dk e/Ado,
tgko ns/ o'irko ftu w'joh ;z;ko d/ BeP/ s/ T[ZGoe/ ;kwosy gqrN j'
(24)

frnk.
gzuw ;fsr[o{, noiD ;kfjp ih B/, ;w/A dh Bikes B{z
GKgfdnK r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/, d;tzX dk gZek fBnw pDk fdZsk.
T[jBK jo r[o{ BkBe Bkw b/tk wkJh GkJh B{z, nkgDh feos ewkJh
ftu'A dZ;tK fjZ;k Xow ekoiK tk;s/ r[o{ xo ftu G/iD bJh fejk.
;opZs d/ Gb/ tkb/ j' oj/ T[;ko{ ekoi t/ye/, ;zrsK B/ fJj j[ew f;o
wZE/ ep{b ehsk. feT[Afe T[jBK B{z g{ok ftPtk; ;h fe ;kvk fdZsk
j'fJnk XB gdkoE, nikJh BjhA ikt/rk, ;r'A ;ekoEk j't/rk. w'fj;B
ckBh, fi;B/ gzuw ;fsr[o{ ns/ S/t/A ;fsr[o{ B{z B/fVUA sfenk, nkgDh
feskp ‘dfp;skB wjip’ ftu fbydk j? ^ ‘‘;oeko dh nkwdB p/
fJspkoh j?. ekb, ;'ek, fpwkohnK ns/ prktsK nkfd ekoB
brkB mhe tes f;o yikB/ ftu iwK BjhA j[zdk. r[o{ xo dh
nkwdBh ftPtk;:'r j?. r[o{ ih fB;fuzs j'e/ b'e GbkJh tkbhnK
:'iBktK pDk ;ed/ ;B.’’ ;oekoh wkbhnk, ;woEk s'A tZX nkw
s"o s/ i' ipo Bkb T[rokfjnk iKdk ;h. b'eh nfs d[yh j[zd/ ;B.
eJhnK d/ xo T[ZiV iKd/ ;B. r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/, d;tzX dh oew,
;t?fJZSk Bkb, y[Ph y[Ph ;w/A f;o g[Zi iKdh ;h. Pfjo dh tX ojh t;'A
tk;s/, ;o'to pDtkJ/. f;Zy gzE bJh e/Adoh Xow n;EkB fsnko
eoBk, pj[s tZvk ekoi ;h. fco fJE/ jh pZ; BjhA. fJZe j'o tZvk
Bro soBskoB t;kT[Dk, T[E/ jh e[PN torh fGnkBe fpwkoh d/
fJbki tk;s/, j;gskb y'jbDk, ghVs b'eK dh dtkdko{, eZgVk,
fojkfJP s/ bzro nkfd dk ;kok gqpzX eoBk. eoskog[o (ibzXo B/
V/) s/ jfor'fpzd g[o t;kT[D/, e'Jh wkw{bh ezw BjhA ;B. fJj ;ko/ b'e
fjs tkb/ ezw r[o{ eh r'be (d;tzX) B{z, ;w[Zu/ Yzr Bkb ;ze'u e/ tos'A
ekoB jh ;zGt j'J/. fJjBK Gb/ ekoiK okjhA f;Zyh dk x/ok ftPkb j[zdk
frnk.
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B{z, pkb T[wo/ jh p/nzs w[PebK Bkb
d' uko j'Dk fgnk. fgsk r[o{ ih dh dodBke Pjkds, je{ws tb'A f;o
s/ bNedh yso/ dh sbtko, xo ftu fgqEh uzd d/ gqtko tb'A gkfJnk
frnk eb/P. T[jBK fdqVsk ns/ f;nkDg dk ;p{s fdzfdnK jo n"eV
(25)

s/ fiZs jk;b ehsh. dopko ;kfjp d/ ;kjwD/, 1609 Jh;th ftu nekb
sys ;kfjp dh f;oiDk ehsh. izr d/ pZdb t/yfdnK, f;Zy
rZGo{nK B{z ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e s"o s/ fsnko ehsk. nzfwqs;o dh
okyh tk;s/ febk b'jrVQ dh s/ih Bkb T[;koh eotkJh. Pfjoh b'eK
dh okyh tk;s/, yk; yk; EktK s/ f;Zy gfjo/dkoK dh fvT[Nh
bkJh. x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/, tXhnk jfEnko gqkgs ehs/ rJ/, r[of;ZyK tk;s/
n"y/ tes ftu ezw nkT[D tkbh o;d dk gqpzX ehsk. fJ; ;G tk;s/
g?;k feE'A nkT[Adk ;h, nkwdB d/ ;kXB eh ;B < ;zrsK tb'A ;fseko
;fjs fdZsk frnk d;tzX. g{ik G/Nk d/ fJe g?;/ B{z Gh r[o{ ih tZb'A edh
nikJhA BjhA r[nkfJnk frnk. nkgD/ ftneshrs n?P nokw tk;s/
edh fJe gkJh dh Gh tos'A BjhA ehsh. ;zrsK B{z nEkj ftPtk; ;h
r[o{ xo s/. fJ;/ bJh r[o{ xo ftu edh fe;/ uhi dh s'N BjhA nkT[D
fdZsh. ;r'A p/Bsh eoe/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B{z pkdPkj tkbh mkm
pkm pDkT[D tk;s/ fejk sK fe f;Zy nkgD/ fdbK d/ wfjow B{z
nfXnkswe gksPkj jh BjhA, d[Bhnkth ;i Xi tkbk gksPkj Gh
t/y ;eD. ebrh, pki, x'V/ c"iK tkb/, whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;Zu/
gksPkj ji{o.
;Zst/A s/ nZmt/A ;fsr[o{ tes c"iK T[;/ soQK ekfJw ojhnK,
;r'A b'VhAdk j'o ft;Eko ehsk frnk. dtkykB/ fJsB/ ftokN o{g
XkoB eo rJ/ fe fdZbh gsh pkdPkj, PkjijkB dk bVek rzGho
fpwko j' frnk. fe;/ th ;oekoh iK r?o;oekoh dtkykB/ ftu'A
b'VhAdh dtkJh Bk fwbh. nkfyo gj[zu eoB s/, ehosg[o ;kfjp s'A
r[o{ xo ftZu'A jh dtk gqkgs j' ;eh. nkyoh ;kjK se, PkjijkB Gh
s/ T[;dk p/Nk dkok Gh r[o{ xo d/ nfj;kBwzd oj/. fiZE/ Gh ;fsr[o{
io{os wfj;{; eod/, fJ; r[o{ eh r'be B{z T[;/ EK, b'V w[skpe tos
b?Ad/. fes/ ekb ghVsK bJh bzro, fpwkohnK tes fJbki, gkDh dh
E[V tkbh Ekt/A ;o'to s/ y{j. fBoXBK bJh gVQkJh fbykJh, ns/
pZuhnK dh Pkdh s/ Gh fJ; r'be ftu'A XB yofunk iKdk ;h. r[o{ xo
ngDhnK T[FZuhnK ;[ZuhnK otkfJsK dh pd"bs, fBwkfDnK dk wkD,
fBT[fNnK dh UN, fBnk;fonK dk nk;ok, fBgZfsnK dh gZs dk gqshe
(26)

pD e/ TZ[Gfonk. jo fynkb dk fJB;kB ftPtk; Bkb r[o{ xo
nkT[Adk, wB fuzdhnK w[okdK gkT[Adk. ;z;koe Gh s/ nfXnkswe Gh.
B"t/A ;fsr[o{, s/r pjkdo dh bkfw;kb Pjkds B/, fJBk;c
g;zd b'eK B{z Mzi'V e/ oZy fdZsk. G/Nk g{ik dh wkfJnk sK Gkt/A nZr/
pj[s nkT[Adh ;h, T[;s'A pkd sK nDyhb/ B"itkB, d;w fgsk d/ uoBK
ftu jkio j'e/ i'dVhnK eod/ ^ ‘‘;Zu/ gksPkj ihU. fJj ;oho
fe; ezw i/ Xow d/ b/y/ Bk bZfrnk. ikBK be'D tkb/, ikBK
fBSkto eoB bZr gJ/. u{fjnK tKr y[ZvK ftu b[e/ j'J/ b'e,
jfEnko ;{se/ w?dkB ftu fBZso gJ/. p[Mfdb s/ ekfJo rZGo{,
;fsr[o{ s'A fgnko EkgVk b? e/, wod/ w[Ikfjd pD rJ/. r[o{ xo
T[Zgo, nkw b'eK d/ ftPtk; dh T[d'A f;yo j' rJh ;wM', id'A
ngDhnK iwhBK t/u e/ x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/, B{zjK XhnK d/ rfjD/ t/u e/
tXhnk jfEnko yqhd/ rJ/. ;G e[M r[o{ uoBK ftu nogD eoB
T[gqzs, B"itkB p/Bsh efonk eod/ ;B ^ ‘‘;fsr[o{ ih ! i' e[M Gh
;kv/ e'b ;G s'A ehwsh ;h, n;hA t/u tZN e/ s[jkv/ uoBK ftu
nogD eod/ jK. ;kvhnK fBwkDhnK ikBK s/ fwZNh d/ g[sb/ ;oho
Gh, i/ s[jkv/ j[ew ftu ofjzfdnK Xow noE b/y/ bZr ikD sK
n;hA ngD/ tZv/ Gkr ;wMKr/. s[jkvh ji{oh ftu woe/ n;hA nwo j'
iktKr/. ;kvh b'V e/tb fJzBh j? fe o[Zyk^fwZ;k d' tes gqPkdk,
sB YeD bJh ;kd/ fij/ yZdo d/ egV/ s/ p;HHH’’.
d;w fgsk nZr'A fgnko n;h; fdzd/ c[owkT[Ad/ ^ r[of;Zy' !
s[;hA r[o{ BkBe d/ do s/ nke/ ftPtk; gqrN ehsk j?, s[jkvk ;[nkrs
j?. r?osjhD, Xow s'A ;ZyD/ ihtB Bkb'A ;{ofwnK tkbh w"s jiko
doi/ uzrh j?. i/ fJj fizdrh i[bw dh uZeh ftu fg; oj/ b'eK dh
GbkJh ykso b/y/ bZr ikt/ sK fJj ;"dk e'Jh wfjzrk BjhA. s[;hA r[o{
xo s/ nEkj Go';k gaqrN ehsk j?, fJE'A s[jkB{z woB fiT[AD dh iku
f;ykJh ikt/rh.’’
;fsr[o{ ih dh gktB ;y;hns, ;/tk GktBk, T[Zu/ ;Z[u/ Gfty,
;ztkoB tkb/ ftuko, i[bw ftoZ[X NZeo b?D dk mkmK wkodk nEkj
i'P. b'eh G"fonK gszfrnK tKr nBzdg[o ;kfjp tjhoK xZs e/ g[Zi
(27)

oj/ ;B. d;tzX ftu jh ngDk ehwsh tes, nzB p;so, T[m x'V/, r'bh
f;Zek sK G/N eo jh oj/ ;B, ngDhnK ;'jDhnK i[nkBhnK Gh d;tzX
tKr jh nogD ehshnK ik ojhnK ;B. pjkdo wktK g[soK dk dkB
eo ojhnK ;B. ;Zi ftnkJhnK tj[NhnK f;oK d/ ;KJh ngD/ ihtB
;kEhnK B{z r[o{ dopko tZb wB[Zysk dh ;/tk eoB bJh N'o ojhnK ;B.
eJh GkrK tkbhnK wksk Gkr e"o dk o{g XkoB eo, f;o s/ yZcD pzBQ
e/, jfEnko ;ike/, x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/, y[d jh w?dkB ftu i{M ojhnK
;B. p/nzs phphnK G?DK g[oyK dh r?o jkioh ftu, bZyK d[y G'rdhnK
gqtko B{z fit/A fet/A ;zGkb ojhnK ;B. pZu/ pZuhnK B{z r[opkDh okjhA
f;Zyh ftu gqgZe eo ojhnK ;B.
d;tzX dh fJ; gktB G/N ftu'A jh ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/,
nBzdg[o ;kfjp B{z ;[oZfynk d/ B[esk fBrkj s'A BthA soshp fdZsh. Pfjo
dh okyh tk;s/, wip{s gzi feb/ pDtkJ/. fefbnK ftu o;d gkDh, s/
b'VhAd/ ;Pso d/ e/, gzi gzi ;" rZGo{ s?Bks ehs/ rJ/. fJ;/ d;tzX dh
wkfJnk ftu'A, ihtB uzfrnkVh B{z wxkT[D tk;s/, pho o;h eftsktK
s/ ;kfjs dh ouBk eoB bJh, ptzik eth s/ ;kfjseko oy/ rJ/ fiBQK
B{z ;[D gVQe/ B"itkBK d/ v"b/ coeD br g?Ad/. ;ko/ d/P nzdo Bt u/
sBk dh fJe i'odko bfjo uZb gJh. r[o{ xo, jo wkJh GkJh bJh
jZe ;Zu dk gqshe pDe/ nkw b'eK B{z ;e{B d/ fojk ;h. d{i/ gk;/ ikbwK
jkewK dh fjZe ftu ezv/ tKr u[ZG fojk ;h. fJjBK r[o{ to;kJ/ ethnK
B{z fizdrh dhnK b'VK tk;s/ you ns/ wkB ;BwkB bJh ;G e[M r[o{
eh r'be ftu'A jh fdZsk iKdk ;h.
fJZe tkoh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/, r[o{ dopko ftu ft;kyh d/
i'V w/b tes ;dk tKr wkfJnk s/ nzB p;so d/ nzpko bZr rJ/
. PoXktkB wkJh GkJh ;'Bk uKdh, o[g? g?;/ y[Zb/ fdb Bkb nodk;K
eotk oj/ ;B. e[M ifrnk;{ Gkos d/ X[o g{oph fjZ;/ ftu'A r[o{
doPBK bJh gfjbh tkoh nkJ/ j'J/ ;G e[M pV/ rj[ Bkb t/y oj/
;B. T[jBK B{z pVh j?okBh j' ojh ;h fe fJe Go i[nkB rGo{ j'J/
nDfrDs f;Zy ;/te j'D, T[go p/P[wko d"bs po; ojh j't/, sK
fdwkr fNekD/ ofjDk n;zGt j?. T[jBK ngDh t/dBk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
(28)

ih nZr/ gqrN eo fdZsh. ‘‘s[;h ;/teK s'A XB gdkoE gqkgs eo oj/
j', eh fJj mhe j? < eh ;kX{nK wjkswK B{z fJ; soQK wkfJnk b?Dh
P'Gdh j?

XowPkbktK pDtkJhnK, ;o'to g[NtkJ/, y{j brtkJ/. b'VtzdK tk;s/
bzro sK jo tes jh ubd/ ofjzd/ jB. jo fe;w d/ o'r Bftosh bJh
;ckykB/ y'jb/ rJ/ fiBQK ftu bkfJbki o'rK dk Gh fJbki ehsk iKdk
;h. eoskog[o, r'fJdtkb, nzfwqs;o, soBskoB, eoskog[o (ibzXo
e'b) jfor'fpzdg[o, ehosg[o nBzdg[oHHH. fJj ;ko/ Pfjo T[d'A t;kJ/
id'A ikbw je{ws x[Zr t;d/ PfjoK B{z YfjY/oh eo ojh ;h. Xow
wzdoK B{z fwZNh ftu fwbkfJnk ik fojk ;h. id'A b'V wfj;{; ehsh sK
fJ; d;tzX dh oew ftu'A YkbK sbtkoK, B/i/, poS/, sho soeP,
s'gK s/ r'bk pko{d, jkEh ns/ x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/. i[bw B{ z ysw eoB
tk;s/ fi; soQK Gh b'V wfj;{; ehsh tofsnk. Xow dh ns/ dph
e[ubh izsK dh okyh tk;s/, feb/ i/ pDtkD/ gJ/ sK pDtkJ/. go ;dk
fBPkBk fJjh ;kjwD/ oZfynk fe jo jhb/ BhftnK fBwkfDnK dh ;zGkb
eoBh j?. ;zrsK B{z jdkfJs ;h fe ‘‘rohp dk w{zj r[o{ eh r'be
j?.’’ fiE/ fes/ b'Vtzd t/y', T[;dh ;/tk eo', ;wM' w/o/ sZe s[jkvh
d;tzX dh wkfJnk gj[zu rJh j?. fJ; gftso GktBk Bkb nogD ehs/
rJ/ XB dh BikfJi tos'A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ edh BjhA j'D fdZsh. Bk jh
podkPs ehsh. eh nZi n;hA ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gd/PK s'A e'Jh ;koEe
;/X b? ;eKr/ <
(30)

d;tzX gqgzok
(T[FZso r[o{ ekb L Gkr ^ d{ik)
nmkothA ;dh d/ fGnkBe d"o ftu Gh, fJj d;tzX dh fgos
fe;/ B/ fe;/ o{g ftu ubdh ojh. Gkt/A fJjBK fdBK ftu f;zx ikbw
je{ws d/ yikB/ Gh b[ZN b?Ad/ ;B. nkw p/e;{o b'eK s/ i[bw Ykj[D
tkfbnK B{z Gh eokoh ;ik d/ fdnk eod/ ;B, go jo fJe iE/dko,
iK ftneshrs f;Zy, ;koh XB okPh ;KM/ gzEe yikB/ ftu iwK eotk
fdzdk ;h. ngDhnK xo/b{ b'VK tk;s/ iE/dko s'A o[g? wzr e/ b? b?Adk
;h. bzro ;kfonK dk ;KMk j[zdk ;h. eZgVk bhVk, jfEnko x'V/ ;G
;KM/ gzEe wkbeh ;B. fw;bK s'A nrbk d"o, wjkokik oDihs f;zx
dk ;h. fJ; tes d;tzX dh wfonkdk Gkt/A e[M fYZbh g? rJh, go
wjkoki/ B/ r[odtkfonK d/ Bkw nkwdB d/ gZe/ ;kXB i[Nk fdZs/. iK
s/ ;kbkBk Bed o[g?, iK ekch ;koh T[gikT{ iwhB, fJfsjk;e
r[odtkfonK d/ Bkw brtk fdZsh. sK fe r[o{ xo tb'A b'VtzdK dh ;/
tk ;zGkb ftu e'Jh n"eV g/P Bk nkt/. ;w/A d/ c/o Bkb :'r gqpzX Bk
j'D ekoB r[odtkfonK ftu e[ZM d[ydkJh xNBktK tkgoB bZr gJhnK.
fJjBK ;G dk fJE/ fieo ehsk ikDk :'r Bjh Aj?. BBekDk ;kfjp d/
gkgh wjzs dhnK fxoDk :'r wzd eos{sK s'A jo e'Jh tkec j?. pkeh
Xow n;EkBK ftu ;fEsh fJ; s'A e'Jh finkdk fpjso BjhA ;h.
feT[Afe r[odtko/ ;KM/ ns/ gzEe Bk j' e/ iZdh ikfJdks dk o{g XkoB
eod/ ik oj/ ;B. r[o{ eh gftZso r'be B{z fBZiAh n?Pgq;sh tk;s/ pVh
p/dodh Bkb o'jfVnk ik fojk ;h. pj[s bzwh ns/ wko{ bVkJh s'A
pknd r[odtko/ Pq'wDh ew/Nh d/ gqpzX ftu nk ;e/.
w"i{dk ;w/A d;tzX (iK uVktk) dh fJ; oew Bkb Gkt/A pj[s
;ko/ uzr/ ekoi Gh j' oj/ jB. go jkbh wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ tkbk j'o pj[s
e[M pkeh eoB tkbk fgnk j?. t?;/ sK f;ZyK dh u[BhAdk iE/pzdh j'D
ekoB ;ko/ ekoi eoB dk nfXeko ;q'wDh r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/Nh
e'b jh j'Dk ukjhdk j?. i/ fJ; soQK fe;/ ekoB ;zGt Bk j' ;e/ sK fJZe
fJZe Pfjo dhnK ;kohnK r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/NhnK (b'eb s"o s/) fwb
(31)

e/ fJZe skbw/b ew/Nh pDk b?D. fJ; skbw/b ew/Nh dk fJZe ;KMk czv
ekfJw eoe/ jo wjhB/ ;ko/ fJ; ftu ngDk pDdk ;odk fjZ;k
gkT[D. fJeZmh j'Jh wkfJnk s'A, :'r ckfJdk b?D tk;s/, nB/eK
gqki?eN T[bhe/ ik ;ed/ jB. e[M ;kdh fijh o{g o/yk fJjBK ehs/ ikD
tkb/ ezwK dh fJ; soQK j' ;edh j? ^
fJeZso j'Jh r[o{ eh r'be Bkb, tZX s'A tZX r[owfs f;Zfynk
e/Ado y'bQ/ ikD. jo fibk j?v e[nkNo s/ iK f;ZyK dh nkpkdh d/ fj;kp
Bkb f;Zfynk e/AdoK dh c"oh s"o s/ b'V j?. fiE'A b'Vtzd pZu/ pZuhnK
r[opkDh dk P[X gkm, r[oPpd dh eEk, b?euo, fBoXkos okrK ftu
ehosB ns/ PkBK wZs/ fJfsjk; pko/ ;'Mh gqkgs eo ;eD. f;Zy gzE
dhnK ;kohnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tkbk ;kv/ e'b fJ; soQAK dk fJe Gh
ndkok BjhA j?. jZEhA feos eoe/ nkgD/ g?oK s/ yV/ j'D :'r pDkT[D
bJh feZsk w[yh e'o; ukb{ ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB. ;e{bK ekbiK ftu gVQ
oj/ j[fPnko pZfunK dh ;jkfJsk, s/ :'r nrtkJh ehsh ikDh ukjhdh
j?. ;w/A ;w/A ;e{bK ftu r[owfs f;Zfynk e?Ag bkJ/ ikD. y/YK ftu ;kv/
B"itkB, ;ohoe gZy'A wip{s j'D eoe/ pj[s nZSh ekor[ikoh ftyk
;ed/ jB. y/YK pko/ f;ybkJh d/D dk gqpzX ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.
fgzvK s/ e;fpnK ftu Xkowe g[;seK dhnK bkfJpq/ohnK ;Ekgs
ehshnK ikD, fiE'A r[owfs dh ikDekoh fwb ;e/. fJ; soQK f;Zyh pko/
fbyD tkb/ ;kfjsekoK dk Gh j";bk tX/rk. ;[bM/ j'J/ ebkekoK s'A
nkvhU thvhU, e?;NK, ehosB, eEk, BkNe nkfd dhnK fsno
eotke/ r[odtkfonK d/ Bkb, bkfJpq/ohnK ftu oZyhnK ikD. tkip
ehws s/ iK feokJ/ s/ jo fJZe dh gj[zu ftu j'D. r[opkDh dhnK ;ob
noE tkbhnK g'EhnK, fJfsjk; dhnK u'DthnK xNBktK pko/ feskpK
ns/ j'o pj[gZyh Xkowe ;kfjs Skge/ tZX s'A tZX jZEK sZe g[ukT[D dk
T[gokbk eoBk ukjhdk j?. Gkos dhnK ;kohnK w[y p'bhnK ftu
fJjBK feskpK B{z ;EkBe b'VK w[skpe nB[tkd eotke/ ;pzXs b'eK
sZe g[ukDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. d[BhnK dhnK gqw[Zy GkPktK, fit/A uhBh,
iowB, co?Au fJzrfbP, :{BkBh, o{;h s/ noph nkfd ftu soiw/
eotk e/ ngD/ B[wkfJfdnK okjhA ;pzXs d/PK ftu G/iDk pDdk j?.
(32)

nX[fBe whvhJ/ d/ ;kXB ngDk e/ pj[s Xow gquko ehsk ik ;edk
j?. NhHthH ;hohnb s/ fcbwK okjhA fJ; f;Zyh d/ wjkB f;XKsK B{z
;"fynK jh xo xo g[ukfJnk ik ;edk j?. nc;'; fe fJ; gZy pko/
;'uD tk;s/ sK ;kv/ w[yh jkbh sZe tes jh BjhA eZY ;e/. ;zr/wowo
dhnK nkekP S'jdhnK ehwsh fJwkosK s/ pj[s ftPkb ;o'to sK pD
oj/ jB fijBK YzrK sohfenK Bkb f;Zyh tXDh c[ZbDh ;h T[j gqki?eN
sK jkbh f;ZyK d/ ;[gB/ ftu Gh BjhA nkJ/. gsk BjhA fezBh d/o j'o ;[Zs/
ofjDr/<
nDikDg[D/ ekoB d;tzX sK Xow noE BjhA eZYd/, e[M E'Vh
fizBh G/NK, r[o{ xo nogD eoe/ f;Zy ngD/ nkg B{z ‘‘dkBh’’ ;wM
p?md/ jB. d' uko d; dwV/ r[o{ xo d/e/ jzeko ftu Go iKd/ jB.
nro fe;/ B/ e'Jh finkdk tZvh oew r'be tk;s/ nodk; eokJh j't/
, fco sK wkB' iwhB T[s/ g?o BjhA fNedk. f;o nkekP Bkb iK S{zjdk
j?. pj[stkoh ngD/ Bkw dhnK f;bK fbytke/ r[o{ xo ftu fd;D
tkbh EK s/ brtkJhnK iKdhnK jB. r[o{ ;tkfoU . ;ktXkB j'D dh
b'V j?. f;Zy dkBh j'D dk Gow Bk gkb/, fJj sK fBo'b wBw[yskJh j?.
;fsr[o{ s'A b'e gqb'e dhnK ;G/ dksK wzrD tkbk T[;/ do s/ dkBh j'D
dk Gow gkb/ < r[otke j? ^
‘‘jw Ghye G/ykoh s/o/ s{ fBigfs j? dksk.’’ (666)
j'j[ d?nkb Bkw[ d/j[ wzrs iB ezT[ ;dk ojT[ ozfr oksk..
fJE/ sK fBo;ze'u ;G e[M nekb g[oy s'A wzfrnk ik fojk j?^
‘‘;kiB' s{z whs[ w/ok frqfj s/o? ;G[ e/j[..
wkB[ wKrT[ skB[ wKrT[ XB[ bywh ;[s d/fj..’’
w[efs i[rfs G[rfs g{oB, gowkBzd gow fBXkB..
G? GkfJ Grfs fBjkb BkBe, ;dk ;dk e[opkB..
(1308)
f;nkD/ s/ PoXktkB r[of;Zy B/ sK r[o{ ek j[ew f;o wZE/
gqtkB eoe/, ;KM/ gzEe ekoiK tk;s/, ngDh feos ewkJh ftu'A
nkwdB dk d;tK fjZ;k (d;tzX) nogD eoBk j? fe;/ s/ nfj;kB
BjhA iskT[Dk j[zdk. i/ :'r Yzr Bkb ;[uZih ftT[As pDk e/, fJ; oew
(33)

B{z ;KM/ ezwK s/ yofunK ikt/, sK gzE dh ekfJnk gbN ;edh j?. n;hA
Bk;wMh ekoB, :shwykB/ s/ nBkE nkPow y'jbh ik oj/ jK.
;fsr[o{ ;kB{z ;[wZs pyP/. fi; dh wK ;z[doh ih j't/, fgsk r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp j'D ;kok ykb;k gzE T[;dk G?D Gok j't/, fco e'Jh pZuk
pZuh nBkE s/ :shw fet/A ofj ;edk j? < nfij/ PpdK dh tos'A jh
;w[Zu/ gzE ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh s"jhB eoB d/ s[Zb j?. fijBK ngD/
ndkfonK d/ fJ;soK d/ Bkw oZy/ jB, T[j w[V s'A ftuko eoB. f;Zy
pZu/ :shB s/ nBkE BjhA j'fJnk eod/.
:j{dh e"w fszB jiko ;kb sZe do^do GNedh, y[nko j[zdh
ojh. d{;oh ;z;ko izr tes iowB d/ skBkPkj fjNbo B/ :j{dhnK
dk ;opBkP eoB dh gZeh mkD bJh. pVh eo{osk Bkb T[;B/ n;fj
s/ nefj s;hj/ d/ e/ brgr ;Zm bZy :j{dhnK B{z w"s d/ xkN T[sko
fdZsk. pVh xkse ;ZN ;h fJj ;koh :j{dh e"w tk;s/. e[opkB ikJhJ/
T[jBK d/ f;nkD/ s/ d{onzd/P bhvoK s'A fiBQK fJZe e/Adoh ezNo'b p'ov
dh ;EkgBk eoe/ ;z;ko d/ XBh b'eK ns/ ;oekoK s'A ;jkfJsk wzrh.
fJ; fJeZmh j'Jh oew Bkb T[ZiV T[ZyV u[e/ G?Dk GoktK B{z w[V t;kT[D
bJh wds ehsh rJh. brksko dh fjzws ns/ f;nkDg ;dek, pj[s
S/sh :j{dh e"w ;zGb rJh. d[BhnK d/ BeP/ s/ fJe BtK w[be
niokfJb 1949 ftu ;keko gqrN j' frnk. s/ih Bkb ftek; eo oj/
d/PK ftu'A nZi N?eBkb'ih ns/ y/sh ftu niokfJb w'joh o'b fBGk
fojk j?. Gkos Bkb'A d' ;kb pknd ftu nkikd j'e/, wko{EbK ftu
t;e/, g{oh e"w dk T[ikVk MZb e/, wzibK wkodk ngDh f;nkDg s/
fjzws ;dek, pj[s nZr/ fBeb uZ[fenk j?. n;hA T[jBK dh j'Dh gVQe/
pj[s e[M f;Zy ;ed/ jK.
nkU j[D r[o{ j[ewK dh o"PBh ftu r[o{ eh r'be iK d;tzX
pko/ e[M ikD bJhJ/. d;tzX eZYDk fezBK io{oh j? s/ d;tzX dh tos'A
fet/A eoBh j? fJ; pko/ ftuko eoBk Gh nsh io{oh j?. fJ; pko/
;fseko:'r GkJh ;kfjp ;Zsk pbtzv ih, GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih ns/
j'o g[oksB ofjsBkfwnK dh o'PBh ftu t/y e/ ftuko eo bJhJ/.
r[o{ xo d/ gqw[Zy opkph ehosBhJ/ GkJh ;kfjp ;Zsk s/ pbtzv
(34)

ih bzw/ ;w/A s'A gktB r[opkDh dk o;fGzBk ehosB ;zrsK B[z ;otD
eotk oj/ ;B. T[jBK d/ wB ftu tZv/ r[DtkB j'D dk Gow g?dk j'
frnk. fizdrh dhnK b'VK tk;s/ ;G gdkoE r[o{ xo tb'A fwb oj/
;B. T[jBK dh bVeh d/ ftnkj tk;s/ Gh gzuw gksPkj B/ b'VhAdh
oew d/Dh gqtkB eo bJh. go T[j bkbu t; j'e/ finkdk o[g? b?D
dh fiZd eoB bZr/. ;fsr[o{ B/ ;zrsK tb'A nkJh wkfJnk B{z ;ze'u e/
tos' d/ fynkb Bkb pj[sh oew d/D s'A n;woEk ikfjo ehsh. T[jBK
r[Z;/ ftu Goe/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ns/ r[o{ xo gqsh ngwkB iBe Ppd
tos/. T[jBK dh bkbuh fposh t/ye/ ns/ wbhD j'Jh p[ZXh wfj;{;
eoe/ r[o{ ih B/ s[ozs ub/ ikD bJh nkd/P d/ fdZsk. r[o{ noiD
;kfjp nZr'A ehosB dh ;/tk y[d eoB bZr gJ/, f;Zy ;zrsK ob
fwbe/ eoB bZr gJhnK. ;Zs/ pbtzv B{z id'A fe;/ w{zj Bk bkfJnk sK
e[ZM jh ;w/A ftu fizdrh dhnK b'VK s'A nks[o j' rJ/. fJjBK GkJh bZXk
ih goT[ekoh okjhA gzuw ;fsr[o{ s'A fBwosk ;kfjs w[nkch wzrh.
;fsr[o{ B/ fejk^‘‘j[D rZb pj[s nZr/ fBeb uZ[eh j?, s[;hA w[nkchBkwk
fby e/ fdU.’’ T[jBK gSskt/ d/ jzM{ tokT[AfdnK i' w[nkchBkwk
;fsr[o{ ih B{z fbye/ fdZsk T[j ;dk tk;s/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu
;[oZfyns j' frnk j?. bkbuh fposh tkb/ ftnshnK B{z fJ; s'A pj[s
;[zdo f;Zfynk fwb ;edh j?. fJ; w[nkch Bkw/ ftu T[j gfjbK r[o{
;kfjpkB dh tfvnkJh eod/ jB. fco ngD/ tb'A ehs/ s/ gSskT[Ad/
jB. gzeshnK fJ; gqeko jB ^
‘‘bp[ ftDkj/ wkD;k fiT[ gkDh p[o{..HHH
tfoQn? dorj r[o{ eh e[dosh B{o[..HHH
fis[ ;[ jkE B bGJh s{z Uj[ mo{o[..
BT[ fBfX Bkw[ fBXkB[ j? s[X[ ftfu Gog{o[..
fBzdk s/oh i' eo/ ;' tzM? u{o[..’’HHHH gzBk^967
XzB r[o{ noiB ;kfjp sK wB[Zy B{z ;jh wkor doPB eod/
j'J/ c[owKd/ jB ^
T[dw[ eo/AfdnK ihT[ s{z ewktfdnK ;[y G[u[..
fXnkfJfdnK s{z gqG fwb[ BkBe T[soh fuzs.. wHgH^522
(35)

j/ GkJh ` nkb;h iK ftjbV Bk pD T[dw fjzws
eoe/ fJZis tkb/ ihtB tk;s/ e'Jh g?dktkoh ;kXB ngDk. fe;/ d{i/
d/ jZEK tZb jh Bk sedk oj[. tkfjr[o{ B{z fXnkT[AfdnK Gb/ ezw
eofdnK wBZ[yk ihtB ;cbk eob?.
f;ZyK d/ wjK ftdtkB GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih g{ik d/ XkB s'A toid/
j'J/, fJ; B{z wko{ Ifjo dh fBnkJh d; oj/ jB.. tke j?^
fiT[ fwoikdk fjzd{nK rkT[ wk; nyki..
w[;bwkDk ;{no j[ ;"rzd ftnki..
;j[ok xfo itkJhn? gkDh wdoki..
;jk B ykJh u{jVk wkfJnk w[jski..
fiT[ fwm? wyh wo? fs; j'fJ neki..
fsT[ Xow;kb dh Mke j? ftj[ y/v{ gki ..12$34..
GkJh ;kfjp ih i'odko PpdK okjhA skVBk eod/ jBl fit/A
fjzd{nK ftu rT{wk; BjhA ykXk iKdk. w[;bwkBK bJh ftnki b?Dk gkg
eow j?. ;j[ok, Xh itkJh d/ xo dk gdkoE nzrheko BjhA eodk.
rohp j'D s/ Gh u{jVk ;j/ dk wk; BjhA yKdk. i/ wZyh fYZb/ r[V s/ p?m
ikt/ sK EkJ/ ofj ikB r[nk pfjzdh j?. T[j fwmk iK ;[ndbk gdkoE
T[; bJh w"s dk g?rkw pD iKdk j?. p; T[go tofDs T[dkjoDK s'A
;gPN j? fe f;Zy bJh g{ik dk XkB (Xow;kb dh Mke) wkB'A fJ; soQK
j? fit/A yzv ftu fbgNh e'Jh Ifjo j't/. r[o{ xo dh ;/tk eofdnK,
Bkw igfdnK, fJZe jZd nzdo ofje/, ngDhnK gqtkoe b'VK r[o{ xo
ftu'A g{ohnK eoBhnK :'r jB. gqzs{ g{ik d/ XB B{z n?P' nkokw dk
;kXB Bk pDkfJnk ikt/. fJ; soQK s/ wB ftekoK Bkb Go ikt/rk.
GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih ;ktXkB eod/ jB ^
i?;/ sT[ no'r G'r G'rt? BkBk gqeko,
fpoEktzs ykfBgkfB fod? B fjsktJh..
i?;/ wfjyh ;fjB;hb e? Xhoi X[ik,
nfin w? sBe eb/i' B ;wktJh..
i?;/ i'joh fp;kj? p/u? jhok wkBekfd,
oze g? B okfyU go? i'r B i[rktJh..
(36)

s?;/ r[o gou? gftso j? g{ik gq;kfd,
ngu[ ngou? d[;fj d[y gktJh.. (GkL r[L 505 efps)
fw;kbK d/ e/ ;wMkfJnk j?l fit/A szdo[;s ftnesh i' ih ukj/
yk bt/ gu iKdk j?. go o'rh B{z e[M Gh jiw BjhA j[zdk. fit/A wZM tZv/
firo/ tkbh j'D eoe/ S/sh xkpodh BjhA. pZeoh ftukoh pVh ewI'o
j'D eoe/ S/sh vo iKdh j?. fit/A i"joh wB[Zy fBZs ;'B/ uKdh s/ jhfonK
dk tDi eodk j?, go ezrkb fJB;kB B{z nuBu/sh fes'A pj[sk o[fgnk
fwb ikt/ sK T[j ;zGkb BjhA ;edk. fJ;/ soQK r[o{ xo d/ ;/tkdko
tk;s/ ;ze'u ftu ofjzfdnK, b'VK g{ohnK eoBhnK ikfJi jB. r[o{
Bfws nogD ehsh wkfJnk B{z r[o{ eh nwkBs ;wfMnk ikt/, b[ZN dk
wkb BjhA.
d;w gksPkj ji{o d/ fBih ;/te GkJh ;kfjp d/;k f;zx ih
ngD/ ofjsBkw/ ftu nzes eo rJ/ jB ^
i/ e' f;y g[ikoh nj?.. ;' Gh g{ik pj[s B bj?..
sB fBopkj wkso ;' b/t?.. nfXe j'fJ sk ifj sfj d/t?..
(ofjsBkwk GkJh d/;k f;zx)
Gktl i/ e'Jh r[of;Zy r[o xo dh ;/tk eodk j? s/ j'o e'Jh
ewkJh dk ;kXB BjhAj?. sK ngDh b'V tk;s/ r[o{ xo ftu'A wkfJnk
dh tos'A eo ;edk j?. e/tb sB d/ fBopkj tk;s/ jh tos/. i/ r[o{
xo pj[sh wkfJnk nkt/ sK b'VtzdK ftu tosk fdZsh ikt/. j'o t/y' ^ 1
fiT[ iBBh fBi sB[i e' fBwy ifjo Bfj d/s..
fsT[ g{ik eh nz; :fj ;op d{y e' j/s..
(r[ofpbk; gkL d;thA)
Gktl fit/ wK nkgD/ bkvb/ pZfunK B{z edh Gh ifjo BjhA d/
;edh. p; fJ;/ soQK fJj g{ik dk XB, f;ZyK bJh ifjo dh fBnkJh
j?. fJ;/ bJh ;fsr[o{ B/ fJ; s'A tofink j?.
j'o t/y' ^ ‘‘fijVh r[odtko/ dh e"vh j? ;' fpyts j?. no
T[j fe;/ B{z BjhA gudh. go i' nksw? efoe? nZm/ gfjo gow/Po
dk GiB ;/tk eo/, ns/ G'iB E'Vk eo/ sK T[;B{z gudh j?. i' g{ik
dh uhi B{z pj[sk gZb/ pzB bt/, no pj[sk ykt/, ;' T[;B{z fpyts j'
(37)

Gk;dh j?.’’ (frnkB osBktbh^ GkJh ;fjp wBh f;zx ih)
fJj io{oh T[gd/P Gh jo r[of;Zy d/ fijB ftu v{zxk T[Zso
ikDk ukjhdk j? fe T[;B/ ;KM/ gzEe ekoiK tk;s/ ngDh feos ewkJh
ftu'A d;tzX io{o eZYDk j?. Bk fJ;B{z ‘‘dkB’’ ;wfMnk ikt/ s/ Bk
fe;/ s/ ‘‘nfj;kB’’ wzfBnk ikt/. fJ; goEkJ/ Gh ofjs BkfwnK ftu
nB/e gowkD jB. e[M jtkb/ fJ; soQK jB^
‘‘Xow feos d/ Bc/ ftu'A r[o{ noE d;tzX d/t/.
Xow ;kbhnK gho n"o w[ohd Bk pD'’’.
(ofjsBkwk GkJh ;kfjp u"gk f;zx ih)
‘‘d;By eo i' eko ewkt?..sK eo i' XB xo wfj fbnkt?..
fJ;s/ r[o d;"AX i' d/Jh.. f;zx ;[ ir pj[ i; wfj b/Jh..’’
(ofjsBkwk GkJh ;kfjp Bzd bkb f;zx ih)
‘‘i' ngBh feS eo/ ewkJh.. r[o fjs d/j d;tzX pBkJh..’’
(r[o gqskg ;{oi rqzE, 1^11)
‘‘d;tzX r[o{ Bfj d/tJh M{m p'b i' ykfJ..
ej? r'fpzd f;zx bkb ih fs;ek feS Bk fp;kfj..’’
(GkJh ;kfjp Bzd bkb f;zx ih)
pkp/ e/ pkpo e/ d'T{.. nkg eo/ gow/;o ;'T{..
dhB Pkj fJBe' gfjukB'.. d[Bh gsh T[B e' T[BwkB'..
i' pkp/ e/ dkw Bk d? j?.. fsB s/ rfj pkpo e/ b? j?..
d? d? fsB e' pvh ;ikfJ.. g[zB b? j? frqj b{N pBkfJ..
(r[o gqskg ;{oi ^ nz;^13)
pkpofenK B{z gqwkswk B/ Gkos ftu b[N/o/ pDk e/ G/fink, go
Bkb jh pkp/fenK (r[o{ ;kfjpkB) B{z rohp izsk dh okyh tk;s/ ;z;ko
s/ G/i fdZsk. pkp/ e/ Xow d/ oky/ jB, pkpo e/ Xosh d/ wkbe pD
p?m/. i' ftnesh pkp/fenK dh PoB ftu nk frnk, T[j pkpofenK
dh wko s'A pu frnk. i' ;fsr[o{ dh PoD BjhA nkJ/ T[jBK B{z
pkpofenK B/ b[ZfNnk s/ y{p e[ZfNnk. nwho b'eK B{z ;ys s;hj/ d/ e/
xoK ftu'A dZfpnk XB jkewK B/ eYtk e/ ekp{ eo fbnk. fco feT[A
Bk dhB d[Bh d/ oky/, ;fsr[o{ ih B{z d;tzX d/ fdZsk ikt/.
(38)

;z;ko gqf;ZX o?FZv eok; ;wki ;/th ;z;Ek, ;ftNIob?Av d/
fJe gq'c?;o B/ ;hws fij/ ;kXBk Bkb ;zB 1865 ftu P[o{ ehsh ;h.
j"bh j"bh ftek; eodh ;tk e[ ;" ;kb pknd ;z;ko ftu fJj ;z;Ek
nkgDh Bt/ebh ns/ ;BwkB:'r EK pDk u[Zeh j?. nwho b'eK d/ dkB
ns/ e[M ;oekoK dh wds Bkb fJ; B/ izrK i[ZXK iK j'o w[PebK d/
;w/A b'e GbkJh d/ pj[s ezw ehs/ jB. ;ftNIob?Av tk;h i/ ;G s'A tX
fe;/ rZb s/ wkD wfj;{; eod/ jB sK T[j o?FZv eok; jh j?. feT[Afe
fJ; fe;w dh ;/tk T[jBK B/ P[o{ ehsh.
nc;'; fe n;hA ;z;ko B{z BjhA dZ; ;e/ fe n? wB[Zysk B{z
fgnko eoB tkfbU` fJj wjkB ekoi sK r[o{ BkBe d/ xo T[;s'A
;dhnK gfjbK s'A j[zdk nk fojk j?. ;zB 1685 s'A sK pekfJdk fJe
ftGkr pDk e/ GkJh xBZJhnk ih B{z T[; dk w[yh Ekg fdZsk frnk. r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih dk j[ew wzBd/ GkJh ih nkgD/ g{o/ iE/ ;w/s,
fGnkBe izrK i[ZXK ftu, toQd/ r'fbnK ftu P{ed/ shoK s/ fbPedhnK
sbtkoK dh Skt/A, p/y"c, wB[Zysk dh ;/tk eo oj/ ;B. fiE/ fgnkf;nK
B{z ib, G[ZfynK B{z gqPkdk SekT[Ad/ ;B, T[E/ i\whnK B{z wbQw gZNh
eoBh, gqkD fsnkr u[ZfenK dhnK b'EK B{z b/y/ bkT[D dh ;/tk Gh ngD/
fizw/ bJh j'Jh ;h. fJj wjkB ;/tk, fpBK fjzd{ w[;bwkB iK f;Zy d/ fGzB
G/d s'A ehsh iKdh ;h. ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp, wB[Zysk d/ edodkB
dk gktB T[gd/P jh fJ; soQK ;h. n;hA ngD/ d;tzX dh oew (e[ZM
fjZ;k) fJj' fij/ goT[geko tkb/ Gb/ ekoiK s/ Gh sK you ;ed/ jK.
o?FZv eok; ;z;Ek s'A n;hA pj[s gfjb'A fJjh ;/tk tkbk ezw nozG eo
fdZsk ;h. ;kv/ pko/ ;z;ko ftu e'Jh BjhA ikDdk, j'o s/ j'o ;ko/ f;Zy Gh
fJ; wkD:'r ekoi pko/ BjhA ikDd/.
b'V j? nZi gose/ ngD/ nzdo Mksh wkoB dh. f;Zy ;zrsK
tb'A Xow noE nk ojh oew B{z ezNo'b eoB dh. mhe ;/X d/e/ :'r
EK s/ tos'A eoB dh. f;Zy ;z;EktK B/ tZv/ bzro ubk bJ/, Bro
ehosB pj[s j' rJ/', p?Av tki/, GzrV/ s/ nksPpkihnK s/ Gh pj[s XB
T[vk fbnk j?. go jkJ/ ` gzikj iK` ;" ;kb dk GftZy w[yh ykb;k gzE
dh ftrVh ;ztkoB tkbk e'Jh ekoi BjhA T[bhfenk. fgSb/ gzdoK ;kbK
(39)

d/ y{Bh d"o ftu, gzikp d/ nDfrDs gqtko popkd j' u[Ze/ jB. T[jBK
dh fe;/ B/ pKj BjhA cVh, d[Zy dod BjhA tzvkfJnk. fdZbh, p[eko',
ekjBg[o, fGbkJh nkfd EktK s/ p/e;{o f;ZyK dk esb/nkw j'fJnk.
xo ;kV fdZs/, d[ekBK, ekoykB/ bZ[N bJ/ rJ/ s/ popkd eo fdZs/ rJ/
. i' ftnesh b/y/ bZr rJ/ T[jBK dh fe;/ nZi sZe gZeh ftPtk;:'r
frDsh Gh BjhA ehsh. d[Zy GZ[y Bkb ftbe oj/ gqtkoK dh, fe;/ B/ ;ko
BjhA bJh. r[o{ xo B/ sK T{uhnK otkfJsK fBGkT[AfdnK r?o f;ZyK d/
Gh d[yV/ d{o ehs/ ;B. ikBK tko e/ Gh wk;{wK dh oZfynk ehsh ;h.
eh j' frnk j? f;ZyK d/ u"XohnK B{z fe ;kv/ ngD/ G?D Gok s/ pZu/ dodo
dhnK m'eoK ykD bJh wIp{o jB.
r[o{ cb;c/ dh o"PBh ftu iok ;'u' ` fe; ezw jB fJj ;zr/
wowo dhnK nkbhPkB ftPkb fJwkosK i/ d[fynko/ f;Zy, Bhb/ nzpo
j/m, eVke/ dh ;odh, i{B i[bkJh dh nZr torh X[Zg, pkoPK, jB/
ohnK ftu oksK eZN oj/ jB. eh ;ztkoBr/ fJj ;'jD/ o/Pwh o[wkb/ s/
ehwsh uzd'J/ i/ f;ZyK d/ bys/ firo (pZu/) Bzr/ XV fdB eNh eo oj/
jB. tZv/ gZXo s/ ub oj/ bzro, oZfinK B{z jh oik oj/ jB, go ;kv/
nDfrDs G?D Gok G[Zy/ g/N, tes B{z XZek d/ oj/ jB. fJe gk;/ nzsK
dh nwhoh j?, fizdrh dk mkm pkm j?, ;[y ;j{bsK jB, sK d{i/ gk;/ f;Zy
pZu/, fizdrh dhnK w[YbhnK b'VK s'A Gh ;ZyD/ jB. ;e{b gZXo se dh
gVQkJh Gh BjhA eo ;ed/, ch;K BjhA Go ;ed/, T[j Gh f;ZyK d/ pZu/
jB. d{i/ gk;/ f;ZyK d/ jh pZu/ ;e{b ekbi ;e{NoK, ekoK s/ iKd/
jBHHHH.
;zB ’84 dh fGnkBe wko ftu T[FZiV u[eh nZyK ;kjwD/ f;o
d/ ;KJh B{z sVgd/ j'J? dw s'Vd/ t/y u[Zeh gqtko d/ pkoK ihnK B{z sVg
sVg e/ wod/ t/y u[eh, phph doPB e"o B{z id'A fJe gZsoeko B/ fJj
;tkb ehsk fe ‘‘s[jkB{z ;[gohw e'N dh jdkfJs s/ ;oeko tb'A eJh
bZy o[fgnk w[nkti/ d/ o{g ftu fwbD tkbk j?. s[;hA T[; pj[s tZvh
oew dk eh eo'r/

B{z T[;B/ M[b; e/ ;[nkj eo fdZsk. T[;d/ ezpd/ j'mK ftu'A fJj Ppd
fBeb/ ^ ‘‘w?A T[; fwb/ g?;/ Bkb ;G s'A gfjbK oZi oZi e/ pj[s
;kohnK o'NhnK yktKrh. s/oK ;kb s'A w?A G[Zy Bkb sVcdh ftbedh ojh
jKHHH w?A s/ w/o/ pZu/HHHHH.’’
f;Zy ;zrsK tb'A nk ojh, d;tzX dh wkfJnk dk o[Zy pdbD dh
c"oh b'V j?. GftZy w[yh T[;ko{ ekoi T[bheD dh io{os j?. d[BhnK
d/ fe;/ fyZs/ ftu Gh fJe f;Zy B{z sebhc j't/ sK ;kok gzE ghV dk
nB[Gt eo/. fJe f;Zy G[Zyk ;"t/ sK ;ko/ gzE B{z BhAd Bk nkt/. fJe
f;Zy s/ feXo/ finkdsh j't/ sK ;kok gzE T[;dh wZdd tk;s/ T[wV gt/
. fBih y[droihnK, b'G bkbu, rZdhnK u"XoK dh geV s'A T[Zgo T[Zme/
, ;'uDk ;w/A dh wzr j?. fizdrh d/ jo y/so ftu fgnko s/ ;fj:'r
dh b'V j?. nro fJ; soQK Bk ehsk frnk, rcbs dh BhAd ftu ;[s/
oj/ sK wkB'A ngDh iV nkg y[d eZNoj/ j'tKr/. nkswxks eoB bJh
cK;h dk czdk wkB' y[d ngD/ rb ftu gk oj/ j'tKr/. ;fsr[o{ ;kvk wkor
doPB eo/, fJj' nodk; j? i'dVh j?.
nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?, nebh gkJhn? wkB[..
nebh gfVe? p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[..
BkBe[ nky? rj[ J/j[ j'fo rbK ;?skB[.. gzBk L 1245
(41)

dkB ^ d;tzX iK tgko <
(Gkr ^ shik)
;z;ko Go d/ ;kfjs ftu eJh Yzr sohfenK Bkb dkB eoB
dk fieo fwbdk j? . XBh (nwho) wB[Zy, ewi'o ftneshnK s/
“so;” eoe/ T[jBK B{z ykDk eZgVk iK o[fgnk fdzdk j?. b?D tkbk
nfsnzs nkiih ftu P[eohnk ndk eodk j?. pj[shtkoh dkBh
ftnesh dh ;wki ftu gq;z;k eodk ofjzdk j?. “g[zB dkB” d/ cb
gqkgsh ti'A n;h;K fdZshnK iKdhnK jB. dkB b?D tkbk, “XB tX/ c[b/,
yikB/ Gog{o ofjD soZehnK j'D, ;[yh oj', szdo[;sh pDh oj/, g[Zso
gqkgsh j't/, wfjbK d/ wkbe pD', B"eoh, y/sh, d[ekB tgko ftu tkXk
j't/. wB dhnK w[okdK g{ohnK j'D” nkfd dhnK n;h;K dhnK gzvK
y'jb fdzdk j?. i' fJB;kB y[d g?;/ bJh w[Eki j?, d{finK nZr/ jZE
nZvdk j?. T[j Gh dkB gqkgs eoe/ tZN/ ftu “n;h;K” dk dkB eodk
j?. fJj efj bJhJ/ fe d't/A fXoK, fGykoh Gh jB s/ dkBh j'D dk BkNe
Gh eodhnK jB. XB nkfd dkB eoB tkb/ B{z P'jos dh G[Zy j?. j'o
XB dh bkb;k j?. E'Vk fizBk g?;k d/ e/, ewi'o fXo s'A nkgDh gq;z;K
eokTDh ukj[zdk j?. “g[zB” eoe/ pdb/ ftu j'o gdkoEK dh bkb;k
oydk j?. fJ; iBw ftu BK ;jh, nrb/ (ebgs) iBw ftu jh ;jh.
ewi'o fXo B{z g?;/ iK gdkoEK dh szrh j?. fe;/ Gh sohe/ (pj[sh tkoh
rbs) b'V g{osh tk;s/ wzrD B{z o'irko d/ s"o s/ nkgDk b?Adk j?. fco
o[fgnk gqkgs eoe/, tZN/ ftu todkBK, n;h;K s/ nodk;K, d[nktK
Bkb, “wkbkwkb” eo fdzdk j?.
jo feZs/ ftu wB[y soZeh eo fojk j?. fco dkB b?D d/D s/
feZs/ ftu ftek; iK ;[Xko feT[A Bk j't/< fJ; y/so ftu Gh j?okBh
iBe soZeh j'Jh j?. dkBhnK ns/ wzrfsnK dk d[BhnK Go ftu, fJe
ftPkb skDk pkDk T[;o u[fenk j?. pj[frDsh dhnK “GktBktK” dh
edo eofdnK, ;oekoK B/ ns/ Xkowe ndkfonK B/, fJ; eko'pko
B{z y[Zbh wkBsk d/ fdZsh j?. fJ; eko'pko ftu, fe;ws niwkJh eoB
bJh dkyb sK p/nzs b'eh j[zd/ jB. ;cbsk dh d/th fe;/ fe;/ d/ uoB
(42)

u[zwdh j?. “wzvh d/ n;{b” dh ;wM s'A pr?o, pj[s ;ko/ b'e “d'fJ jZE
MkVe/@ ofj iKd/ jB. us[o ftnesh ;cbsk jk;b eod/ nZr/ tX
iKd/ jB.
“g[zB dkB@ B{z fte;s ns/ ;EkJh eko'pko ftu pdbD tk;s/,
fJe nsh nfjw wd fJ; ftu Pkwb ehsh rJh ;h, “gkg@. feBQk
ezwK d/ eoB Bkb gkg brdk j?. T[; gkg ekoB fezB/ iBw BoeK d/
s;hj/ MZbD/ g?Ad/ jB. fezB/ bZy i{BhnK ftu'A dh r[Io e/, d[y G'r e/,
jIkoK ;kbK s'A wro'A, w;hA fes/ d[pkok wB[Zy i{Bh gqkgs j[zdh j?. wB[Zy
i{Bh ftu Gh fpwkoh, rohph MrV/, gq/PkBhnK dk nzs gkoktko BjhA
j?. fJjBK y"cBke s;hfjnK s'A puD bJh gkgK dh Bftosh eokT[Dh
gt/rh. gkg T[skoB bJh e[ZM wzso ikg eoBk j't/rk. i/ e'Jh wzso
ikg iK gkm (;w/s nyzvgkm s/ fpBK ;wM/ d/ ;ko/ gkm) b'Vtzd
ftnesh y[d BjhA eo ;edk. T[; jkbs ftu T[;d/ “efbnkD@
tk;s/, j'o e'Jh (g[ikoh^gkmh) gkm eo d/t/rk. i/ T[vhe Bjh eo
;ed/ sK ehsk eokfJnk (Ready made) gkm Gh fwb ;edk j?.
fJ; ubke g[ikoh Pq/Dh B/ fJj Gh y{p i'o P'o Bkb gqukfonk,
fe ;kB{z s[jkv/ dkB dh e'Jh G[Zy BjhA j?. n;hA sK s[jkv/ Gb/ bJh dkB
b?Ad/ jK, sK fe dkB eoe/ s[;hA b'e, gkg w[es j' ikU. i/ n;hA dkB
Bk bJhJ/, s[jkvk “nZrk@ fet/A ;zto/rk< ;r'A dkB d/D tkbk ftnesh
dkB b?D tkb/ dk P[eokBk eo/. feT[Afe i/ g[ikoh dkB Bk bt/, wzso
Bk gV/ ftukok gkgh wB[y BoeK s'A fet/A pu ;e/rk< uT[ok;h bZy
i{BhnK s'A fet/A w[es j' ;e/rk< fJ; goEkJ/ gktB pkDh ftu'A Ppd
gVQ' ^
dkB[ d/fJ efo g{ik eoBk] b?s d/s T[B w{efo goBk]
fis[ dfo s[w j? pqkjwD ikDk] fss[ dfo s{zjh j? gS[skDk]
n?;/ pqkjwD v{p/ GkJh] fBokgokX fustfj p[fonkJh]ojkT[]
nzsfo b'G[ fcofj jbekJ/] fBzdk eofj f;fo Gko[ T[mkJ/]
wkfJnk w{mk u/s? Bkjh] Gow/ G{bk pj[sh okjh]
pkjfo G/y eofj xB/o/] nzsfo fpfynk T[soh x/o/]
nto T[gd/;? nkfg B p{M?] n?;k pqkjwD ejh B ;hM?]
(43)

w{oy pkjwD gqG{ ;wkfb] d/ys ;[Bs s/o? j? Bkfb]
ej[ BkBe i/ j'th Gkr[] wkB[ S'fv r[ouoBh bkr[] (372)
j/ GkJh ` Xow d/ BK s/ mZrhnK wkoB tkb/ g[ikoh (f;Zy^r?of;Zy)
popkd j'J/ jh ;wM'. i' nkgD/ ;wki ftub/ b'eK B{z gfjbK “gkgh j?@
dk Yzv'ok fgNd/ jB. fco gkg T[skoB d/ pjkB? T[jBK B{z b[ZNe/ yKd/
jB] ojkT[]
GowK ftu gJ/ wB[Zy dkB d/ e/ g{ik gkm eod/ ( eokT[Ad/ jB)
jB. dkB b? e/ P[eokBk eoB dh EK ;r'A fJj gqukod/ jB, “n;hA dkB
n?t/A BjhA fbnk. pbfe gkgh ftnesh dk gkg T[skoe/ goT[geko
ehj?.@
j/ pqkjwD ` fi; wzd/ okj s{z ub fojk j?. nzs s?B{z gSskDk
gt/rk. s{z y[d Gh ns/ s/ok ;kok GkJhukok Gh, popkd j' ikt/rk. T[;
tes s{z jZE wkbdk ofj ikt/Ark. j/ pqjkwD (g[ikoh) s{z sK b'G ftu
jbfenk (jbe/ e[Zs/ tKr) jh fgnk j?. d{finK B{z gkgh nky e/
fBzdDk, fco X'y/ Bkb T[jBK dk XB jVZg b?Dk, fet/A Gh uzrk BjhA j?.
fJ; soQK eoe/ sK s{z jh Gkoh gkgK dk Gkrhdko pDdk j?. j/ pqkjwD
s{z sK wkfJnk d/ bkbu ftu roe jh j' frnk. y[d GowK ftu g? e/
wkfJnk pN'oB d/ pj[s/ sohe/ gqubs eo bJ/. ftykt/ bJh pV/ ;z[do
fbpk; gfjBdk j?. nzdo wkfJnk dh bkbuh fposh T[pkb/ yk ojh j?.
j'oBK B{z pV/ bzw/ T[gd/P eodk j?. y[d ngDk ihtB nsh BhtK j?.
nfijk pqkjwD (g{ikoh) edh Gh ;wki bJh efbnkDekoh BjhA j'
;edk. j/ pqjkjwD ` s{z w{oy j?, f;nkDk pD, fBozeko B{z u/s/ eo.
oZp ;dk d/ydk ;[Ddk j?. s/o/ gkgK dh ;ik s?B{z jh d/t/rk. j/ GkJh `
(pqjwD) i/ s{z nkgDh fe;ws uzrh pDkT[Dh b'Vdk j? sK fJ; c'eh
ftfdnk ns/ iks dk jzeko fsnkr d/j. r[o{ dh PoD ftu nk ik.
r[o{ dh ws b? e/ ihtB ;cbk eo b?.
d[BhnK ftu id'A sZe “gkg” dk ;zebg gqubs oj/rk. T[sBh d/
o sZe “gz[B dkB@ tkbh b[ZN B{z ysw BjhA ehsk ik ;e/rk.
okiBhse jkewK B/ skes jk;b eoe/, eJh tkoh ;wki dk
Gbk Gh ehsk j?. go pj[sh tkoh fJjBK b'eK B/ wB[ysk dk xkD ehsk
(44)

j?. wB[Zyh dod tkb/ B/e fJB;kBK B/ “oZp nk;o/ iK Xow d/ ;jko/”
wB[Zysk B{z bkwpzd ehsk. T[jBK d/ d[ZyK d/ ekoB T[jBK ;Bw[y oZy/.
J/esk d/ ;{so ftu go'D dk isB ehsk. nkgDh feos ftu'A, ewkJh
dk e[ZM fjZ;k, ;KM/ czv ftu gkfJnk ikt/. sK fe fJ; ;KMh r'be ftu'A
io{oh b'VK g{ohnK ehshnK ik ;eD. ;oeko B{z fdZsk ikD tkbk N?e;
(eo) y'jk fyzih ;h, d/Dk wip{oh ;h. “Xow noE@ fgnko Goh gq/
oDk ;h, ;t? fJZSk ;h, ngDZs ;h. fJ;bkw B/ “ieks@ Bkw nXhB
ukbhtK fjZ;k ;KM/ yks/ ftu gkT[D dh jdkfJs ehsh. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/
nkgDh feos ftu'A ewi'oK d/ T[EkB bJh, ;KM/ czv ftu ‘d;tK fjZ;k’
gkT[D dh nkfrnk ehsh. fJeZso j'J/ o[g? dh d[otos'A B{z o'eD dk
;ysh Bkb j[ew ikoh ehsk. ;KMhnK b'VK dh g{osh tk;s/, ewi'oK
d/ T[EkB bJh fJ; g?;/ dh ;[:'r tos'A ehsh. gzit/A s/ S/t/A gkfsPkj
d/ doPB eoB tkbk b/ye, w'fj;B ckBh fbydk j? fe “;oeko tb'A
bkfJnk N?e;, ;w/A f;o yikB/ ftu iwK BjhA j[zdk. eJh tkoh ;ysh
tose/ N?e; t;{b ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;/ ekoD b'e GbkJh d/ ;oekoh
ezw ;w/A f;o g{o/ BjhA j[zd// . r[o{ xo ftu nkT[D tkb/ d;tzX dh fJj
y{ph j? fe ;t? fJZSk Bkb, y[dpy[d f;Zy ;/te nzB dkD/ s/ wkfJnk G/
id/ ofjzd/ jB. g{oh f;nkDg ns/ fJwkBdkoh Bkb b'e GbkJh d/ ezw
jz[d/ ofjzd/ jB.@
;wK phsD Bkb gqpzX ftu T[sok uVkn nkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.
Xow gqsh tckdkoh ewi'o g? iKdh j?. nkoEe ns/ f;nk;h bkb;ktK
T[sgB j' iKdhnK jB. fi; we;d tk;s/ g?;k fJeZmk ehsk ikD dh
gqzgok s'oh rJh ;h, T[j ft;ko fdZsh iKdh j?. ;[nkwh okw shoE vzvh
;fBnk;h, fJe B/e fJB;kB j' r[io/ jB. T[jBK tb'A fbyh g[;se
“;op'sw Xow rqzE r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp@ ftu puB nzes jB “fjzd{
GkJh d/th d/tfsnK dhnK w{oshnK nZr/ oZye/, xo xo ike/ wzrd/
jB. yKd/ y[d jB wzrs/ d/tfsnK B{z pDkT[Ad/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ f;Zy
GkJh jB. o[fgnk g?;k, nzB dkDk fJeZso eod/ jB, ob fwb e/
bzro fsno eod/ jB. ;ko/ jh fpBK fGzB G/d s'A ob fwb e/ Sed/
jB. fJ;B{z r[o{ dh pyfPP “r[o{ ek bzro” efjzd/ jB.
(45)

cN/ g[okD/ egfVnK tkbk, iK ewi'o fijh fdZy tkbk e'Jh
wB[Zy wzrdk fco/, T[; B{z pj[sh gqkgsh BjhA j' ;e/rh. id'A nwho
gqshs j' fojk ftnesh e[M wzr/ sK i[nkp d/D dk jhnk BjhA g?Adk.
nfijk fJB;kB oew Gh S'Nh fizBh BjhA wzr/rk. uzrh u'yh wkfJnk
gqkgs eoB bJh nky/rk. Xow n;EkB dh fJwkos bJh. bzro bJh,
;e{b ekbi bJh. nBkE nkPow bJh. rohp bVehnK d/ ftnkj
eoB/ nkfd.
fJ; s'A fJbktk us[o g[ikoh spe/ B/, ;kXkoD fij/ b'eK B{z
“gkgh” j'D dk Gow g?dk ehsk. fBZe/ fij/ ehV/ d/ woB dk gkg Gh,
eJh iBw sZe fgZSk BjhA SZvdk. fBr{D/ fij/ jk;/ mZm/ ekoB “pV/ pV/
Bkwh fo;ah wjkswk ;s iBw BoeK ftu ikD dk ;okg d/D s'A Gh r[o/
I BjhA eod/ ;B.@ T[; ;okg d/ gkg B{z T[skoB bJh, xo iwhB
o[fgnk g?;k, ;G dkB eo fdZsk iKdk ;h. i[nkB gsBh G?D iK p/Nh
se g[ikoh d/ jtkb/ eoe/, bzr'Nh e;e/ g{ikoh dh ;/tk ftu T[wo Go
bJh jkio ofjzdk ;h s/ nkgD/ gkgK dh Bftosh eotkT[Adk ;h. nZi
skJh pqkjwD d/ i'odko gquko ekoB, Bk ;wM b'e, ngDhnK p/NhnK
g[ikohnK d/ jtkb/ eoe/, gkg T[sko oj/ jB s/ nrbk iBw ;ztko oj/
jB. gzdoK bZy s'A tZX n"osK d/t dk;h gqEk dhnK fPeko j'e/, Boeh
ihtB pshs eoB bJh wip{o jB.
fJ; “dkB” tkbh b[ZN B{z r[opkDh B/ w{b'A jh oZd ehsk j?. fJ;
dh EK e/tb oZph :kd B{z fjod/ ftu t;kJh oZyDk jh ;G s'A T[sw
n?bkfBnk j?. r[opkDh c[owkB gVQ' ^
pkBko;h sg eo? T[bfN, shoE wo?,
nrfB dj?, ekfJnk ebg ehi?]
n;[w/X ir[ ehi?, ;'Bk roGdkB dhi?,
okw Bkw ;fo sT{ B g{i?]
n;[ dkB, ri[dkB[, f;jik Bkoh,
G{fw dkB, n?;' dkB[ fBs fBsfj ehi?..
nksw iT[ fBowkfJb[ ehi?,
nkg pokpfo ezuB[ dhi?, okw Bkw ;fo sT[B g{i?.. (973)
(46)

j/ Bk;wM fJB;kB ` s{z Gkt/A gftZso nky/ iKd/ shoE pBko;
(eKPh) ftu ;oho B{z e;N d/D tkb/ sg eodk oj[. fJj oZph okj
BjhA T[bNk (rbs) o;sk j?. p/PZe s{z shoEK s/ ike/ gqkD fsnkr d/
j, p/eko fefon j?. Gkt/A ;oho B{z nrBh ftu ibk d/j, e'Jh ckfJdk
BjhA j'Dk bZrk. Gkt/A T[wo bzwh eoB dk isB eodk oj[, fe;/ noE
BjhA j?. nEkj g?;k you eoe/, Gkt/A s{z n;w/X iZr eotk bt/A, fJj
Gh rbs okj j?. r[gs o{g ftu fizBk woih ;'Bk nkfd dkB eodk oj/,
;G ci{b fefonk j?. oZp ih d/ Bkw s[Zb fJj e{V fefonktK BjhA
jB. j/ w{oy fJB;kB ` s{z Gkt/A x'V/ ns/ jkEh Gh dkB eo d/t/A fe;/
b/y/ ftu BjhA jB. s{z nfrnkBsk ftu nzBk j'e/, Gkt/A nkgDh i[nkB
gsBh B{z rfjfDnK Bkb fPzrko e/, g[ioh d/ jktb/ eo d/j, fJj pj[s
;owBke “dkB” j?. Gkt/A s{z nkgDh ;koh iwhB dkB eo d/t/, p; s{z
b[ZfNnk ikt/Ark gqkgsh e'Jh BjhA j'D bZrh. fJ; soQK d/ dkB fJe tkoh
BjhA Gkt/A s{z fBZs fBZs eodk oj/. sK Gh ;wM b? s{z nkgDk ;G e[M
b[Nk fbnk j?. i'rhnK tkb/ nk;D eoe/, Gkt/A g/N B{z ;kc eo bt/A Gkt/
A nkgD/ ;oho d/ tiB pokpo s'be/ ;'Bk dkB eodk oj/. e'Jh gqkgsh
BjhA j'D bZrh. g[ikoh spek s?B{z tZY tZY yk fojk j?, pu ik, i/ pu
;edk j?A.
ezuB f;T[ gkJhn? BjhA s'fb] wB[ d/ okw[ bhnk j? w'fb] (327)
j/ GkJh ` ;'B/ nkfde ehwsh gdkoEK Bkb oZp B{z yqhfdnK BjhA
ik ;edk. wB B{z ftekoK s'A w[es eoe/, r[DK Bkb Gog{o eoe/ oZp
ih B{z nogD eohdk j?. fJjh T[;dh n;bh ehws j?.
sB[ wB{ nogT[ g{fi uoktT[] r[ogq;kfd fBoziB[ gktT[] (525)
j/ GkJh ` sB ns/ wB oZp ih B{z G/N eoBk g?Adk j?. j'o e'Jh
uhi T[E/ gqtkB BjhA j[zdh. fJ; soQK r[o{ dh feogk Bkb, w?A gqwkswk
B{z gkfbnk j?. j"bh j"bh gquko d/ jfEnko d[nkok, g[ikoh spek
wfjb T[;koB ftu ;cb j' frnk. nkgDh nkwdD d/ ;kXB (ny"sh
Xow n;EkB) ftPkb ns/ ;'B/ Bkb Gh ;ikT[D ;ztkoB bZr fgnk.
“gkgh” b'eK B{z “gkg w[es” eoB d/ pjkB/ “dkB” o{g ftu ;/teK s'A
fJzBk XB jfEnk fbnk fe oki/ wjkokfinK B{z g[ikoh wks d/D bZr
(47)

fgnk. nfijhnK ;j{bsK iK s/ oki wfjbK ftu j[zdhnK ;B, iK Xow
wzdoK ftu. nkw izsK d' tes dh o'Nh s'A Gh nks[o j' rJh. id'A
w[jzwd r"oh s/ wfjw{d riBth tofrnK B{z gsk bZfrnk fe fizBk XB
oki wfjbK ftu j?, T[sBk jh wzdoK ftu w"i{d j?. fiE'A b[ZNDk Gh pj[s
;"yk j?. fJ;/ bJh T[;B/ ;'wBkE d/ wzdo tZb Xktk p'fbnk. fiE' T[;B{z
nkgD/ nzdki/ Bkb'A Gh tZX ;'Bk uKdh, jho/ w'sh ns/ ;[zdo o{g wshnK
“gohnK”, fpBK pj[sh y/ub ehfsnK gqkgs j' rJhnK. i/ fJj efj
fbnk ikt/ fe g[ikoh spe/ e'b ;r'A tZX skes ;h. d/; d/ oki/
g[ikohnK s'A g[ZSe/ (voe/) g?o Xod/ ;B.
id'A e'Jh okik nkgD/ T[gekoh ezwK ekoB b'eK ftu wep{b
j'D bZrk sK nkgDh n;h;, “Xow Pesh” tose/, g[ikohnK B/ T[;
B{z rZdh s'A T[sko fdZsk, y[d oki dk wkbe pD p?mk. nkU fJ; dhnK
e[ZM T[dkjoDk gVQhJ/ ftukohJ/L^
fsB joh uzfd fgqEwh gfs oki?, ekrfd ehw B gkJh]
nT[rD[ ikD? sk g[zB eo? feT[, feT[ B/ykf; fpekJh] (1344)
j/ ;z;ko d/ b'e' ` joh; uzdo pj[s B/e fJB;kB ;h. Xosh
d/ pj[s tZv/ fJbke/ s/ T[;dk goT[gekoh s/ fJB;kc tkbk oki ;h.
joh; uzdo (g"okDe ejkDh w[skpe) b'Vtzd b'eK B{z pj[s dkB d/
fdnk eodk ;h. T[;dh goik ftu fBs fdB ;'Gk tXdh ik ojh ;h.
pqkjwD Bjh ukj[zdk fe e'Jh okik, goik ftu wep{b j' ikt/. skesto
pDe/ fes/ pqkjwD s'A jh pkrh Bk j' ikt/. dkB b?D dk jZedko e/tb
pqkjwD j?. johP uzdo ;kfonK B{z jh dkB d/Jh ik fojk j?. gkrb
fes'A dk, nfij/ oki/ B{z c"oB rZdh s'A T[sko d/Dk jh g[ikoh d/ fjs ftu
j?. pqkjwD dh emg[sbh ft;B{z GrtkB ih B/ fsbe izi{ XkoB eoe/
, pqkjwD dk t/; pDk e/, fJe fxoDk:'r ;kfi; sfjs, ;kok oki Gkr
“dkB” ftu b? fbnk. (fJ; goEkJ/ ft;Eko Bkb gVBk ukj' sK w/oh
feskp “g"okDe eEktK dk nzs@ gV ;ed/ j') ftukok joh; uzdo
T[iZV frnk. gsBh fte rJh, g[Zso wo frnk. y[d w[od/ ;kVB dh
BfyZX B"eoh s/ bZr frnk. pj[s/ dkB eoB dh nfijh ;ik fdZsh
rJhHHH.
(48)

eoT[ nYkJh Xosh wKrh, pktB o{g pjkB?]
feT[ gfJnkb ikfJ feT[ Sbhn?, i/ pfb o{g gSkB?](1344)
g"okDe ejkDh dk jtkbk d/ ;fsr[o{ pqkjwD dh nsh ewhDh
;kfiP okjhA ;wMkT[Ad/ jB. n? ;z;ko d/ b'e/ ` pb okik pj[s
goT[gekoh ;h. goik dk jo sohe/ fynkb oydk ;h. fco b'Vtzd
b'e T[; e'b nke/ cfonkdh j[zd/. i' wzrd/ d/ fdnk eodk. T[;dh d{o
d{o se ehosh c?b rJh. pb oki/ dk “r[o{” Gh pqkjwD BjhA ;r'A fJe
r?o pqkjwD, P[Zeo Bkw dk nfsnzs ;wMkdo g[oy ;h. pqkjwD B/ pb
oki/ dh b'e GbkJh s'A r[Z;k ykXk. T[gekoh oki B{z popkd eoB dh
mkD bJh. Gb/ oki/ B{z rZdhU bkj e/ y[d oki ;zGkbD dh ;kfiP xV
bJh. (ny"sh) ft;B{z GrtkB S'N/ fij/ ;oho tkbk pD e/, pb oki/
nZr/ nkD cfonkdh j'fJnk. ;kfonK B{z dkB d/ u[eD s'A wro', fJ;
Bt/A nkJ/ wzrs/ B{z e[ZM wzrD bJh fejk. T[;B/ gfjbK e[M e;wK
u[etkJhnK. fJ;/ d[jokB pb oki/ dk r[o{ P[eo nk gjz[funk. T[;B/
fJ; X'y/pki ft;B{z B{z gSkD fbnk. pb oki/ B{z fJ; j'D tkbh mZrh pko/
;ktXkB eoBk ukfjnk. e;wk u[Zee/ tuB d/D s'A o'fenk. go
fBoSb okik BK ;wfMnk. ngD/ r[o{ dk jh ngwkB eoB bZr fgnk.
Bshi/ ti'A pqjwD d/ G/y ftu nkJ/ ft;B{z B/ YkJh edw Xosh dkB ftu
wzrh. fJjBK YkJh edwK ftu oki/ dk ;kok oki jVZg eo fbnk. oki/
B{z frqcsko eoe/ e?dykB/ ftu ;[ZN fdZsk frnk. fJT[ fJe goT[gekoh
s/ tZv/ dkBh oki/ pb dk pqkjwD B/ nzs eo fdZsk. fJ;/ soQK oki/ iBw/
i/ Bkb ehsh rJh. dkB eoB tkb/ Gh b[ZN/ rJ/. jo/e Gbk wB[Zy Gh,
;kI;h g[ikoh B/ popkd eoe/ jh ;kj fbnk.
gZEo fdb g[ikoh B/ nkw ftnesh dh p[ZXh B{z skb/ wko fdZs/
. fpBk ;'u/ ftuko/ i' e[ZM g[ikoh nky/, G/vK tKr f;o ;[ZNe/ T[jh eod/
ikDk jh f;yk fdZsk frnk. gfjbK “nZvh u'Nh’ dk i'o bke/, neb dk
ftek; j'D' o'fenk. i/ fe;/ dk feDek wkso neb dk ykBk e'Jh pkeh
ofj frnk sK T[;B{z o'eD tk;s/ fJe “pZio jfEnko PoXk” dh tos'A
ehsh rJh. b[ZN/ ikD s'A puD bJh i/ e'Jh ;/te soe;ahbsk Bkb
;[nkb i[nkp eoB dh fjzws eo p?m/ sK T[;B{z “PoXkjhD j?,
(49)

Bk;se j?, gkgh j?” nkye/ p/fJis eo d/Dk. ;'u e/ nze[o B{z e[ub
e/, fco e'b p[bk e/ efjDk “d/y GkJh` Xow sK ;aoXk iK ft;atk;
s/ jh fNfenk j[zdk j?. fiE/ ;aoXk BjhA T[E/ Xow BjhA.”
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh gktB pkDh sK b[N/fonK d/ pyhJ/ T[X/
Vdh jh j?. T[jBK d/ PpdK Bkb ;pzXs eJh ;kyhnK i' joo'i ;N/IK
s/ ;[DkJhnK iKdhnK jB, T[jBK tZb sodh fijh fBrkj wko bJhJ/.
;dhnK s'A pqkjwDh ohs w[skpe b'eh izi{ gke/, pqkjwD B{z ngDk r[o{
XkoB eod/ nk oj/ ;B. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ vze/ dh u'N Bkb fJ;
o;w s'A fJBeko eo fdZsk. Go/ fJeZm ftu Xow s'A pkrh j'Dk pVk
ysoBke ;h. t/yD ;[DB tkfbnK dh “PoXk” B{z Gkjh ;ZN tZih.
jfod[nko rzrk ftu yb'e/ ;dhnK s'A b'eh “PoXk ;fjs ;{oi okjhA
fgZsoK B{z gkDh G/i oj/ ;B.” r[o{ BkBe fBozekoh ih B/ bfjzd/ tb w{zj
eoe/, nkgD/ y/sK B{z gkDh d/Dk P[o{ eo fdZsk.” pVk tkt/bk wfunk,
jikoK b'eK dh “;oXk” ueBku{o j' rJh. e[o{e[P/so ftu ;{oi
rqfjD ;w/A nZr pkbD dh ;ys wBkjh j?. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/
“PoXk” dhnK pzX;K s'Ve/, nZr pkb bJh. dkb u"b d[X iK fyuVh
u[ZbQ/ s/ BjhA oZyh, ;r'A fjoB dk wk; foZMDk fNek fdZsk. nZr pbdh
t/yh, X{znK T[mdk fdZf;nk. foZMd/ wk; dh wfje d{o se c?b rJh.
g{ikoh N'b/ r[Z;/ ftu T[pbd/, MZr ;[Nd/ wzd/ p'b p'bd/, wkoB jh nk gJ/.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ fBwosk Bkb rbpks eoB bJh nkfynk. bzwh ftuko
uouk j'Jh. (fJ; goEkJ/ bzwk Ppd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ gzBk 1290 s/
gV') ;[DB tkfbnK dh “PoXk u{ou{o j' rJh”.
;ZiD (mZr) dh mZrhnK wkoB dh PoXk, wbe Gkr' dh dkB
g[zB eoB dh PoXk, irB BkE g[oh ftu gZEo d/ GrtkB gqsh nkosh
tkbh PoXk. ebi[rh gKv/ dh u"eVk wkoe/, nZyK whNe/ b[ZND dh
;oXk, B{oF;akj ikd{roBh dh b'eK B{z tk;Bk rq;s eoe/, b[ZND dh
PoXk. rfJnk d/ ;EkB s/ fgzv gZsb dhtk fefonk nkfd dh PoXk.
wEok ftu feqPB iBw dh PoXk. i'rhnK dh r[cktK ftu tVe/ Grsh
eoB dh PoXk. oZp e/tb wZe/ ftu j?, fJj w[ZbK ekihnK dh PoXk.
pkpo tb'A Gkos B{z r[bkw pDkT[D dh PoXk. fJXob/ w{oy jkewK
(50)

ns/ g[iohnK dh Xkr/ sthsK ikd{ wzsoK s/ PoXkHHHH. r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp B/ “f;zx roiDk” Bkb e{V e[co ns/ gkyzv s/ nkXkos ;G
soQK dh “PoXk” B{z sko sko eo ;[ZfNnk. fJ; d/ fgZS/ b[eh j'Jh gkg
Goh fposh B{z p/god eoe/ oZy fdZsk. nZi f;ZyK ftu fJjh “nzBh
PoXk” g{oh soQK jkth j' u[Zeh j?. i/ e'Jh sZs r[ows dk XkoBh
ftnesh, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh pkDh dk gowkD ;kjwD/ oZye/ Gh,
dbhb Bkb rb eoBh ukj/ sK ftPtkP s'Vdk j?, PoXk BjhA ofjD
fdzdk, Bk;se j?, ekwo/v j?HHH” d/ cst/ ikoh eo fds/ iKd/ jB.
i' r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ b'eK dh “PoXk” B{z s'fVnk j? T[; pko/ eh ej'r/ <
b'N{ fposh tkb/ g[ikoh (f;Zy g[ikohnK ;w/s) N'b/ B/ nkw b'eK B{z
ftfdnk s'A ;ZyD/ ehsk. T[gqzs “PoXk” tkbh wko{ dbdb ftu ;[ZN
fdsk. fiZE/ nkgD/ ;/teK s'A g[ikohnK B/ nzB p;so s/ iwhB se dkB
ftu y'j bJ/. T[E/ wk;{w fizdK e'wb ebhnK, fBZehnK pkbVhnK Bkb,
ikbw g[ikohnK B/ i' ikBtoK Bkb'A Gh rzdk ftjko ehsk, T[; pko/
;'ue/ jh o{j ezp iKdh j?. fdb dh XVeD s/i j' iKdh j?. nZyK ftu'A
nEo{nK dh Xkok tfj N[odh j?. d[ZX ghdhnK pZuhnK, r[ZvhnK gN'fbnK
Bkb y/YD tkbhnK nDG'b, wb{e, ;'jDhnK fssbhnK Bkb, “Xow
wzdoK” ftu ;c?d u'fbnK ftu fbgN/, g[ikohnK B/ pbkseko ehs/.
T[BK dhnK fGnkBe uheK s/ Gh so; Bk nkfJnk. T[j ihtB Go bJh
“ngjki” eo fdZshnK. fJ; wko{ ;dw/ B{z :kd eoe/ T[j ;dk
ftbedhnK ojhnK.“Xow wzdoK” ftu'A XZee/, T[jBK “d/t dk;hnK”
(d/thnK) B{z t/PtktK d/ e'fmnK s/ g[uk fdZsk frnk. feT[Afe j'o wb{e
pkbVhnK g[ikohnK dk ipo ;fjD bJh, “PoXk tkB” wksk fgsk B/,
“nrbk iBw ;cbk eoB bJh@ nogD (dkB) eo fdZshnK ;B.
tZv/ g[ikoh wzB{ dh fbyh pqkjwDh ipo dh gosZy rtkj wzB{z
f;fwqsh g[eko g[eko e/, g[ikohnK nZr/ XhnK “dkB@ eoB dk j[ew
fdzdh j?. i/ fe;/ PoXktkB wB[y B/ Xow d/ “gftZso” n;{bK B{z
wzBfdnK, nkgDh nZm ;kb dh p/Nh d/ts/ B{z G/N eo fdZsh sK nBzs ;w/
A se, ;tor dk ;[Zy fwb/rk. i/ B"A ;kb dh g[Zsoh d/ts/ (n;b ftu
g[ikoh) B{z nogD eo'r/ sK ;tor dk cb xN ikt/rk. d; ;kb dh
(51)

p/Nh dkB eoB s/ cb j'o xZN fwb/rk. i/ d; ;kb s'A tZvh bVeh d/
ts/ B{z fdUr/ sK g[zB j'o xN ikJ/rk. nZm ;kb dh B{z pkbek B" ;kb
dh B{z o'fjDh, d; ;kb dh B{z r"oh s/ tZvh B{z ezfBnk fejk ikt/rk “nZm
s'A d; ;kb dh pkbVh “dkB” eoB s/ pj[s g[zB brdk j?.”
dkB g[zB d/ pjkB/ fJjBK g[ikohnK (pbksekohnK) B/ wB[ysk
dk p/nzs xkD ehsk j?. B{zjK XhnK dh gs o'bh j?. e[b wB[y iksh s/
;dhnK s' x'o nfsnkuko ehsk j?. bZyK wk;{wK dh fizdrh spkj ehsh
j?. ;tkbK dk tZvk ;tkb j? fe gkg dhnK w{osK, fJjBK g[ikohnK B{z
gkg feT[A BjhA brdk< fJj g[ikoh dfozd/, Xow n;EkBK ftu ofje/
jh gkg eod/ jB. feE/ b[fenk j'fJnk j? ny"sh Xowoki, i' fJjBK
B{z ;ik d/D s'A n;woE j?< fJjh wko{ ;'u r[opkDh s'A ;ZyD/ f;ZyK ftu
Gh nkw t/yh ik ;edh j?.
dkB g[zB pko/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ pVk jh ;[zdo fbfynk j?.
gVQ'L^
i?;/ cb c{bfj b? ikfJ pBokfJ gqfs,
eo? nfGwkB[ ej' e?;/ pB nkt? ih]
i?;/ w[eskjb ;w[zdoj fdykfJ ikfJ,
pko pko jh ;okj?, ;'Gk sT[ B gkt? ih]
i?;/ eBh ezuB ;[w/o ;Bw[y okfy,
wB w? rop[ eo? pkto' ejkt? ih]
s?;/ frnkB fXnkB mkfB gqkB d? foMkfJU ukj?,
gqkB gfs ;fsr[o e?;/ e? ohMkt? ih] (efpZs BzL 510)
j/ GkJh ` pj[s ;ko/ pkrK d/ wkbe nZr/, T[;/ d/ pkr ftu'A e[M
c[b cb s'V e/ i/ e'Jh ftnesh, G/Nk oZye/ jzeko eo/. pkrK dk wkbe
fJ; Bk;wM dh neb T[s/ j;/rk fe w{oy w/o/ pkr ftu'A cb c[Zb
fbnke/ w/o/ nZr/ nkgDk tvgD ftyk fojk j?. ;w[zdo ftu'A ehwsh
w'sh bGd/ jB. T[E'A jh w'sh u[De/, jko pDke/ ;w[zdo B{z jh w'shnK
dhnK y{phnK frDkJh ikt/, sK fJj Bk;wM wB[y ;'Gk BjhA gkt/rk.
;r'A ngwkBs j't/rk. fit/A E'Vk fizBk ;'Bk fbik e/, ;'B/ d/ gops nZr/
G/Nk eoe/, nkgD/ tZv/gD dk ftyktk eo/, sK nfwDt/ ;'B/ dk yikBk
(52)

;[w/o gops, T[; ftnesh B{z ewbk jh ej/rk. fJ;/ soQk i/ fe;/
fJB;kB B{z uzrk frnkB gqkgs j' frnk. jo uzrh wzdh ftuko B{z
goyD dh iku nk rJh. T[j wB[y ngDh neb s/ wkD eo/ sK
Bk;wM wzfBnk ikt/rk, feT[Afe frnkB fXnkB r[o{ B/ pyfPP ehsk
j?. ngD/ ;oho B{z ns/ fizd ikB B{z Gh i/ b/y/ bk d/t/, sK Gh e'Jh
tfvnkJh BjhA. feT[Afe fJj ;oho s/ ikB Gh sK fBozeko d/ jh py;/
j'J/ jB. T[;/ d/ fdZs/ j'J/ i/ fe;/ uzr/ b/y/ br rJ/ sK wkD ekjdk< T[;
fBozeko dh dks uzr/ ezw nk rJh. i/ e'Jh ;'u/ fe w?A ikB tkoe/,
;oho b/y/ bke/, oZp B{z y[P eo btKrk. fJj Bk ;wMh jh wzBh ikt/
rh.
r[o{ noiD ;kfjp B/ ihtB d[jokB nBzs goT[geko ehs/.
Xow s/ gogZe ofjzfdnK ;oho b/y/ bk fdZsk. Bk fe;/ B{z T[bKGk fdZsk
Bk e'Jh jzeko ehsk. r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp wjkB e[opkBh eo rJ/, e'Jh
wkD BjhA ehsk. fJ;/ soQK r[o{ fgnko tkb/ :'X/, nDfrDs s;hj/ Mbd/
oj/. ikBK tkod/ oj/ fe;/ s/ nfj;kB BjhA iskfJnk. i' ;fonk
pfDnk eo ftykfJnk, wkD ofjs j'e/. xo iwhB, pZu/ gqtko s/
ngDk nkgk se “dkB” eo fdZsk. i' e[M Gh nkgD/ e'b ;G s'A
ehwsh j?;h. “Xow” s'A tkoB/ eo fdZsk. pdb/ ftu wzfrnk e[ZM
BjhA, feT[Afe T[jBK B{z r[opkDh dk frnkB (j[ew) ;wM nk frnk
;h.
f;Zy ftPtkP w[skpe r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ;z;koh pkdPkjK s'A Gh
T[go j?. u"o sys dk wkbe, d;K gkfsPkjhnK dh i's, g?sh wjKg[oyK
dh fizdrh dk ;qp'sw fBu'V, i[Zr' i[r nNZb, Ppd r[o{, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
ih nkye/ ;fseko ehsk iKdk j?. eh tkfenk jh nwbh sohe/ fJ;
soQK j?< r[od[nkfonK ftu i' g?;/ gkT[D bJh g/NhnK (ny"sh r'beK)
oZyhnK iKdhnK jB. b'eh “PoXk” Bkb e[ZM o[g? g?;/, fJjBK ftu
gkT[Ad/ jB. edh fJ; soQK okfinK B/ ngD/ xoK ftu g?;k d' g?;/
gkT[D bJh, ;zd{eVhnK oZyhnK jB< fJj ;zd{eVhnK wzrfsnK nZr/
fgzrfbnK nZr/, sK t/yhnK ik ;edhnK jB. fgzrfbnK tkb/ vZp/ ngD/
nZr/ oZyD tkbk PfjBPkj j't/rk fe fGykoh< edh f;ZyK d/ Xow w[yh
(53)

(ny"sh iE/dko) b/ye gqukoe s/ gqpzXe, edh fJ; gk;/ stZi' d/D dh
y/ub eoBr/< iK e[zG eoDh BhAdo ftu ;[Zs/ j'J/ fJ;/ soQK ;fsr[o{ ih
dk ngwkB eod/, eokT[Ad/ ofjDr/<
f;Zfynk dkfJe fJe ;kyh ftu fieo fwbdk j? fe d;t/A
gkfs;kj ji{o, ;zrsK B{z T[gd/P eo oj/ ;B. Bkb fJe gk;/ ;/te
f;Zy ngD/ d;tzX dh wkfJnk iwK eotk oj/ ;B. fJsB/ ftu shyD
p[ZXh dk wkbe, GkJh ;[Eok ih nkfJnk. ;fsr[o{ B{z Bw;eko ehsh.
wkfJnk gqkgs eo oj/ w[Bhw nZr'A d' o[g? uZ[e bJ/. yVk j'e/ ;kfonK
tZb t/fynk. d' o[g? u[Ze/ j'J/ ftykT[D dh e'fPP ehsh. s[ozs dhtkB s'A
pkjo ubk frnk. pj[s/ b'e eEk ehosB ;[DB r[od[nko/ BjhA
nkT[Ad/, ;r'A d{finK dhnK ewi'ohnK bZGD nkT[Ad/ jB. eJhnK B/
;[Eok ih Bz{ t/fynk. dhtkB ;wkgsh s/ d;w gkfsPkj nZr/ PekfJs
ehsh. “t/y' ih ` GkJh ;[Eok feZvk r[;sky j' frnk j?. p/y"c j'e/
d;tzX dh wkfJnk ftu'A ;kfonK d/ ;kjwD/, o[g? u[ee/ d"V frnk.
;fsr[o{ ih ` s[;h T[;B{z eZ[M BjhA nkyd/. T[j pj[sk jh nkgj[dok j'
frnk j?.”
“GkJh f;y' ` w?A sK t/fynk BjhA ;[Eok ih B{z jkio eo' w?A
;koh j'Jh phsh g[ZS b?Adk jK.” ;fsr[o{ ih B/ c[owkfJnk. f;ZyK B/
ekch e'fPP ehsh, go GkJh ;[Eok ih Bk bZG/. fJe fdB nuBu/sh
GkJh ;[Eok ih dhtkB ftu nkD g[Zi/. eJhnK B/ T[uh nktki ftu u/
sktBh fdZsh ^ “n"j nk frnk, r[o{ ih nZr/ g/P eo', fco feXo/ BZ;
Bk ikt/.”
;fsr[o{ nZr/ fbnKdk frnk. “jK GkJh ` f;ZyK B/ s/oh PekfJs
ehsh j?. ny/ s{z d' o[g? u[Zee/ b? frnk ;?A.@ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;tkb ehsk.
GkJh ;[Eok ih g{o/ mozw/ ns/ ndp Bkb p'b/ ^ “;fsr[o{ ih `
fiZE/ w?A rbs j'tK w?B{z vKN d/Dk, w?A w[nkch wzr btKrk. jK sK gfjbh
rZb fJj fe fJjBK dk fXnkB s[jkv/ T[gd/; tZb BjhA ;h. fJjBK ftu'A
pj[s/ nkT[D ikD tkfbnK dhnK joesK jh t/y goy oj/ ;B. fco
w?A u'oh BjhA ehsh, ;kfonK d/ ;kjwD/, d' o[g? u[Ze/ jB. d;tzX d/D
tkb/ B/ d/ fdZsk. T[;B/ fJsoki BjhA ehsk. fJjBK B{z fYZv ghV feT[A
(54)

j'Jh< fJ;dk wsbp fe nogD j' u[eh wkfJnk s/ Gh fJj ngDk jZe
;wMd/ jB. nrbh rb w?A b'Vtzv jK, ngD/ fgsk r[o{ s'A w?A d' o[g?
you tk;s/ b? bJ/. fJjBK B{z fszB fdBK s'A p/u?Bh feT[A bZrh j'Jh j?<
nkyoh rZb ` ;fsr[o{ ih w?A e[M ;wMkT[D bJh fJj ;G ehsk ;h. s[;hA
fJjBK B{z ihtB dkB d/ oj/ j'. BfPnK s'A puk oj/ j'. ftekoK ftu
roe j'D s'A puk oj' j' tfjwK GowK s'A wVhnK, epoK, w{oshnK dh
w{oysk Goh g{ik s'A, w[es eo oj/ j'. Xow d/ ;jh wfjB/ ;wMk oj/
j'. d/; dh nkikdh, ;t?wkD tkbh, fizdrh bJh, i' e[M s[;hA eo oj/
j'. T[;dk d/D e'Jh fJB;kB d/ sK BjhA ;edk. go ;[ekokBk sK eo
;edk j?. w?A rb ;wMkT[D bJh e/tb d' o[g? u[e/ ;B. fJjBK B/ i' e[M
s[jkv/ e'b'A gqkgs ehsk j?, edh T[;dk ;[eokBk eoBr/, fJjBK dh
;[osh edh wkfJnk s'A gko ik ;e/rh< s[;hA pyfPzd j', nro w?A rbs
j't/ sK vKN d/Dk ih.” uko/ pzB/ ;zBkNk Sk frnk. PekfJs eoB tkb/
BhthnK gkJh jzM{ e/o oj/ ;B.
T{u e'Nh d/ ftdtkB, ;qL wB'jo f;zx wkoe' B/ fJe ;Zuh
xNBk fpnkB ehsh ;h. fi;dk ;zy/g ;ko e[ZM fJT[A j?^ fJe rohp
gqtko d/ f;Zy Bkb jkd;k tkgo frnk. i' e[ZM xo ftu ;h, fJbki s/
you j' frnk. ikB Gh Bk puh dw s'V frnk. d' S'N/ pZu/, pi[or
wksk, fgsk, ftXtk gsBh ns/ fJe S'Nh G?D. ;kfonK s/ w[;hpsK dk
wkB' gjkV fvZr fgnk.
;e{b gVQd/ pZfunK B{z j?v wk;No B/ u/sktBh d/ fdZsh. “nro
;'wtko s'A todh Bk gfjB e/ nkJ/, feskpK g{ohnK Bk j'JhnK s/ ch;
Bk Goh sK ;e{b ftu'A eZY fdZsk ikt/rk.” d't/A pZu/ v[;ed/ xo nk rJ/.
wK d/ rb bZr e/ G[Zph o'J/, wK c[ZN c[N o'Jh. dkdk dkdh p/u?B j'J/.
pZfunK B{z Xotk; d/D bJh wK B/ ;fji Gk nky fdZsk, fe “nkgK r[o{
BkBe pkpk ih d/ uoBK ftu nodk; eoKr/. T[j io{o ;kvh cfonkd
;[DBr/.”
wK b'eK d/ xoK ftu ezw eoe/ gqtko B{z gkb ojh ;h. T[j ezw
s/ ubh rJh. tZvk bVek fJeZbk jh B/V/ d/ r[od[nko/ gj[zu frnk. N[ZN/
c[ZN/ PpdK ftu nodk; ehsh. xo'A fbye/ fbnKdh fuZmh, fbckc/ ftu
(55)

pzd eoe/, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ ghjV/ j/mK oZy fdZsh, ;oBktK fbfynk
^ “fwb/ pkpk BkBe ih B{z”. wZEk N/e e/ xo nk frnk. E'V/ coe
Bkb p?m/ rqzEh f;zx B/, pkoh ftu'A dh pZu/ B{z ;G e[M eod/ t/fynk. nk
e/ ghjV/ j/m'A fbckck u[Zfenk. fuZmh gVQh wB[Zyh jwdodh Bkb Gog{o
r[of;Zy nkswk, fuZmh gVQe/ ngD/ nkg s/ ekp{ Bk oZy ;fenk. wkB'
;kok nkg fgxb fgnk. fuZmh ;KG bJh xo xo fcfonk. pZu/ pko/
e'Jh fieo Bk eoe/, ngD/ T[s/ nuBu/sh nk gJh w[Peb dZ;h. fe;/
B/ xZN fe;/ B/ tX o[g? d/ e/ ;jkfJsk ehsh. Pkw se wzr fgBe/,
b'Vhdh oew fJeZmh j' rJh. ;koh wkfJnk fbckc/ ftu gkJh. nrb/
fdB ;t/o t/b/ ghjV/ j/m oZy fdZsh. r[of;y nkswk d{o ik p?fmnk.
g{o/ T[sPkj Bkb T[jh pZuk nkfJnk, wZEk N/fenk. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp j/
m'A ukJhA ukJhA fbckck u[Zfenk. y'jb e/ t/fynk sK o[fgnK Bkb Gfonk
j'fJnk BIo nkfJnk. pZuk nke/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu ;kd/
fij/ PpdK okjhA ;[eokBk eoB bZrk. “pkpk ih` s[;hA pj[s uzr/ j'.
w?B{z gsk ;h i' uhi s[jkE'A wzrhJ/ s[;hA io{o fdzd/ j'. id'A b'V gJh w?A
c/o Gh nktKrk. s[;hA w?B{z todh s/ feskpK bJh g?/;/ fdzd/ ofjDk. w?A
pj[s ;koh gVkJh eoKrk. Bkb/ ;kv/ j?v wk;No ih B{z efjDk w?B{z fJ;
soQK wkfonk Bk eo/.@ rqzEh f;zx nekb g[oy d/ P[eokB/ ftu i[V
frnk.
fJj e'Jh pDktNh ejkDh BjhA j?. ;kv/ nkb/ d[nkb/ jikoK
jh b'Vtzd gqtko jB. eJhnK ekoBK eoe/ xo ftu ewkJh d/ ;kXB
BjhA jB. pZu/ ch;K feskpK todhnK d/ you/ BjhA d/ ;ed/. xo dk
e'Jh ihn fpwko g? ikt/, fJbki bJh g?;k BjhA uzrh y[oke BjhA, xo
ftu b'Vhdk eZgVk BjhA. Gkos ;oeko dhnK g[fb; c'o;K tb'A, thj ;kb
sZe f;Zy B"itkBK dk fPeko ehsk frnk. ;ko/ gzikp B{z “epo;skB
torh PKsh” d/ fdZsh rJh. ;qH i;tzv f;zx ykbVk B/ 25000 f;Zy
rZGo{nK dh gSkD eoe/, d[BhnK nZr/ ;p{s g/; eo fdZs/ fe fJj w[zv/
e'Jh nDgSks/ ysoBke w[ifow BjhA ;B.;r'A j;s/ t;d/ xoK ftu'A
fJe ;'uh ;wMh ;kfi; sfjs esb ehs/ rJ/ ;B. M{m/ w[epfbnK ftu
pVh p/ofjwh Bkb wko w[ekJ/ ;B. g[ZsoK B{z bGdhnK wktK gkrb j'
(56)

JhnK. o'AdhnK G?DK d/ rb/ ;[Ze rJ/. gsBhnK gZEo pD rJhnK.
pZfunK dhnK nZyK ftu'A nZEo{ w[e rJ/. ;'B/ torhnK ehwsh fizdK
xZN/ o[b rJhnK. p[ZY/ pkg{ gqtko dk p'M Y"Ad/ jzM{ pjkT[Ad/ ;z;ko s'A
ftdk j' rJ/. i[nkB j'JhnK p/NhnK bJh to bGD'A ofj rJ/ . ;koh
f;Zy e"w gEokn rJh.
jkJ/ pkpk BkBe ih ` s[jkv/ tb'A fdZsh Peb ;{os ns/ s[jkv/
tb'A pyfPP ehsh rJh gktD pkDh B{z u[Zeh fcoB tkb/, n?v/ fBodJh
s/ em'o j' ;ed/ jB< edh ;[gB/ ftu Gh BjhA ;'funk ;h. s[jkv/ Bkw
s/ nkbhPkB (r[od[nkok

eo oj/ jB. ;kv/ ;ko/ r[od[nkfonK d/ gqpzXe, ny"sh ;zs,
:[Bhtof;NhnK ftu T[u ftfdnk gVe/ T[uhnK e[o;hnK s/ fpokiwkB
f;Zy ftdtkB, gzE Bkb drk ewk rJ/ jB. gzE dh j;sh fwND d/ B/
V/ g[Zi rJh j?, fJj b'e u?B dh pz;oh tik oj/ jB. “Bkw igke/
PKsh pyP oj/ jB.”
f;ZyK d/ ;N/ih gquko ns/ ;kX N'bk, “Bkw dkB fJPBkB” B{z
f;Zyh d/ Ezw rodkB e/, iB ;w{zj B{z frnkB d/ ukBD tb'A o'e e/,
nfrnkBsk tZb fjedk fbik fojk j?. r[o{ c[owkB j?^
frnkB ftj{Dk rkt? rhs ] G{y/ w[bk xo/ w;hfs]
wyN{ j'fJ e? ezB gVkJ/] ceo eo/ j'o[ ikfs rtkJ/]
r[ogho ;dkJ/ wzrD ikJ/] sK e? w{fb B brhn? gkfJ]
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ] BkBe okj[ gSkD? ;/fJ] (1245)
j/ GkJh ` pj[s ;ko/ gkyzvh b'e ezB o; tkbhnK rbK ;[DkT[Ad/
jB. rhs eftsktK Bku ;ki nkfd Bkb goGkts eod/ jB. go y[d
fJ; sZs frnkB s'A ;yD/ jB. Gkt/A Xowh pD/ fd;d/ jB. xoK ftu
Xow g'EhnK iK Xow n;EkB pDkJ/ (fNekJ/) jB. go nkswe s"o
s/ G[Zy/ b'e jB. n;b ftu fJj t/jbV s/ gkih (Gr"V/) b'e jB. w[cs
dhnK o'NhnK gkVB tk;s/, w[zdoK, izi{, feogkBK, u'b/ nkfd gfjBd/
jB. T[AM Xow Bkb fJjBK dk e'Jh fgnko BjhA j?. ngD/ nkg B{z p/
gqtkj, pzXBK s'A w[[es d;d/ jB. n;bhns fJj j? fe nfij/ b'e fizw/
tkohnK s'A Gr"V/ jB. gqtko ;wki iK d/P gqsh fJjBK B{z e'Jh
jwdodh BjhA j?. fJjBK ftu'A fezB/ ;ko/ r[o{ pD p?m/ jB. e'Jh gho
ceho ;kX ;zs nytkT[Ad/ jB. Xow n;EkBK d/ g[ikoh pD/ j'J/ jB.
n;b ftu fJj wzrs/ jB. Xow dh nkV ftu b[ZNe/ yKd/ jB. j/
GkJh` nfij/ b'eK B{z wZEk Bk N/eDk. e'Jh wkBsk g{ik fJjBK ezw u'oK
dh Bk efoU. i' wB[Zy T[dwh j?, w/jBsh j?. ngDh B/e ewkJh ftu'A
io[os wzdK dh ;jkfJsk eodk j?, n;bh Gbk wB[Zy T[jh j?. i' wB[Zy
r[o{ do;kJ/ fJ; B/e okj s/ ub fgnk, T[;B{z r[ows nB[;koh fizdrh
fiT[D dh ;wM nk rJh.
id'A fe;/ d/; dhnK i/jbK e?dhnK Bkb GohnK j'D, sd'A ;wM
(58)

?Dk ukjhdk j?, fJE'A dh ekB{zBh gofefonk nsh fBezwh j?. id'A
ndkbsK ftu GhV Bio nkt/ sK ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJE/ Gh
foPtsy'oh dk p'bpkbk j?. id'A fe;/ d/; ftu g[fb; w[ekpfbnK okjhA
B"i[nkBK B{z wkfonk ik fojk j't/, sK ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJE/ b'eK
d/ w[Yb/ nfXekoK B{z dpkfJnk j'fJnk j?. j;gskbK ftubh GhV s'A,
d/; tk;hnK dh ;/js pko/ nzdkik br iKdk j?. fJ;/ soQk epoK
wVhnK, sKsfoeK, i'sPhnK, ghoK, ;kXK ;zsK nZr/ iB ;w{zj dhnK
tZvhnK GhVK B{z Bw;ekoK eofdnK, G/NK uVkT[AfdnK, wzBsK wzBfdnK
t/ye/, wkBf;e dtkbhJ/gD pko/ e'Jh PZe BjhA ofj iKdk . fpBK ;wM/
ftuko/ r[od[nko/ ikDk, wZE/ orVB/, wkfJnk nogD eoBh, uoB X{V
wZE/ B{z bkT[Dh, ;o'to fJPBkB eoB/, e/tb Xow dk Sbktk j? n;bh
Xow BjhA j?. r[opkDh dh f;Zfynk e[M j'o okj d;dh j?, go Xow
g'EhnK ns/ fJfsjk;e fJwkosK B{z tgko d/ e/AdoK ftu spdhb eoB
tkb/ g[ikoh s/ gqpzXe, ;kB{ r[ows frnkB s'A e'jK d{o oZy oj/ jB.
b/ye B{z iowBh ftu Xow gquko bJh ikD dk w"ek fwfbnk.
ftuko tNKdo/ bJh fJe f;Zy tho w?B{z ngD/ xo b? frnk.nfsnzs
y{p;{os tkdh ftu T[jBK dh wfjbB[wk e'mh. uzw uzw eodhnK
bzwhnK d' ekoK y[Zbk t/jVk, c[Zb p{N/ ns/ nkb/ d[nkb/ tZv/ tZv/ ;oekoh
nc;oK dhnK e'mhnK. ;odko ih B/ pVh ;/tk ehsh. tkg; G/iD
bZfrnK ;" :[o' fbckc/ ftu gke/ w/oh i/p ftu gk fdZsk. nkgD/ fNekD/
s/ gj[zu e/, w?A d{i/ fJe tho B{z fJ; tZv/ ;odko pko/ g[ZfSnk.gJh
T[jBK d/ xo fJzBh wkfJnk feE'A nk rJh eko'pko eh j?< efjD bZr/
fgSb/ gzdoK e[ ;kb s'A T[j ;odko ih, fJe gqw[Zy r[od[nko/ d/ “gqXkB
ih” jB. yh;k (r'be) pkpk BkBe ih dk j?. fJjBK dk jZE j?, fit/
A uj[D T[; og? B{z tos ;ed/ jB. gfjbK ;/tk eoe/ fJjBK B/ pkpk
ih d/ yh;/ ftu jZE gkfJnk ;h. j[D pkpk ih fJjBK d/ ekp{ ftu
jB. wikb j? fe u{z uoK eo ikD.ikDh ikD j'D d/ pkti{d Gh,
nZyK pzd eo b?Ad/ jB. ;op ebk ;woE j'D d/ pkti{d Gh p/p;
jB. ;wM' nZi f;ZyK dk r[o{, gqXkBK, ;kXK, ;zsK ns/ iE/dkoK dh
e?d ftu iefVnk j'fJnk pj[s T[dk; j?. nkw f;Zy dh d[ors
(59)

ns/ Xow s/ ekpi XV/ dhnK XKdbhnK t/y e/ jzM{ pjk fojk j?.
pd/P ftub/ pj[s/ r[od[nkfonK ftu'A i/ ;gK;o g/go gqkgs
eoB/ j'D sK uzrh w'Nh oew d/Dh g?Adh j?. eJh tkoh gqpzXe ;ZiD,
ngD/ XhnK g[ZsoK ns/ j'o uj/s/ ftneshnK B{z Xow gqukoe iK
ehosBh iZfEnK d/ e'N/ okjhA, ftd/P ftu wzrtk b?Ad/ jB. T[E/ gj[zu
e/ i/ sk tki/ s/ d' T[rbK oZye/ iK Y'be eZ[N e/, ;zrhse sozrk g?dk
eo ;edk j?, sK r[od[no/ ftu ehosB dh ;/tk eoB br g?Adk j?.
i/ fJ; soQK ;zGt Bk j't/ sK T[; B{z “ep{so” pDk e/ T[vk fdZsk iKdk
j?. r[od[nkfonK dhnK fd;dhnK fJwkosK Gkt/A pd/PK ftu pj[s
jB. go fJ; s'A d; r[DK tX r[od[nko/ “r[gs nt;Ek ftu ;/tk
eo oj/ jB”. ikDh fe ngD/ xo d/ iK d[ekB d/ gs/ s/ r[od[nkok,
ebZp, ebuo ;?ANo fpoX nkPow nkfd d/ Bkw s/ ofi;Nov eotk
fbnk iKdk j?. fco ;oeko s'A eoik bt', s/ d/; ftu'A ehosBh iE/
wzrtkT[. ihn ikB Bkb Xow dh ;/tk eo'. o;hdK Sgtke/ T[rokjh
eo'. b?Nog?v Sgtk e/ Gkos ftu'A pzd/ wzrtkT[ s/ bZyK o[g? ewkUHHH.
fJe B"i[nkB y/sh d/ ezwK s'A n"fynkJh wfj;{; eoe/, xo'A
“nb'g” j' frnk. ekch d{o ike/ fJe Bkwh v/o/ ftu g[Zi e/, w[yh
“;zs@ ih B{z Bw;eko eoe/, “;/te” pDB dh fJZSk ikjo ehsh.
“;zs” ih B/ gotkBrh d/ fdsh. bzwk u'bk fBZek gNek gfjB e/, bZrk
wZMK B{z gZm/ gkT[D, r'jk e{Vk u[eD s/ y/sK ftu ezw eoB.tes eZYe/
;zs dhnK bZsK pjktK xZ[NDhnK wkb;K eoBhnK. B/Vsk tXdh rJh.
fJT[A nk; pZM rJh fe nkT[D tkb/ gzi d; ;kbK se, fJ; v/o/ dk w?A
w[yh pD jh ikDk j?.
fJ; B"i[nkB d/ fgzv s'A fJe wkJh nkgDh ;[ZyDk bkj[D tk;s/
v/o/ ftu nkJh. wkJh B/ wZEk N/fenk, r'be ftu g?;/ gkJ/. bzro bJh
dkB ehsk. xo'A fbnKdk gzi feb' d[ZX d/r/ ftu gkfJnk. ;q'to ftu'A
“gftZso nzfwqs” dk v'b{ Gfonk. ;zs d/ nZr/ o[g? oZye/, fco wZEk N/
fenk. nzfwqs tkb/ v'b{ B{z “pkpk ih” d/ jZE S[jke/ j'o gftZso ehsk.
nPhotkd b?e/, xo tb N[oB jh bZrh ;h fe BtK pfDnk “;zs@ fgzv
dk rGo{ wz[vk, Bioh g? frnk. wkJh p'bh ^ g[Zso s{z nkj eh ;Kr
(60)

pDkfJnk, ;kXK tkb/ egV/ gkJ/ B/<
B"i[nkB ^ wK ih` w?A ;kb e[ j'fJnk fJjBK ;zsK d/ uoBK ftu
jkio j' frnk ;K. w/o/ s/ pV/ y[P B/, PkfJd rZdh w?B{z jh fwb ikt/.
wksk ^ t/ g[Zs nkj s{z eh nkfynk< ;[y Bkb s/o/ pkg{ e'b
r[iko/ i'rh iwhB j?. s{z iZNK dk w[zvk y/sh eo. ;kXg[Dk feT[<
B"i[nB ^ wK ih` ;kX pDBk y/sh tkb/ n"y/ ezw Bkb' pj[s
tXhnk j?. u/bk pDe/ ;kb d' ;kb w/jBs j? pkeh sK wro'A w"iK jh
w"iK. v/o/ y'jbDk ;zs pDBk, nZieb uzrk w[Bkc/ tkbk eko'pko j?.
wksk ^ g[Zso T[j fet/A <
B"i[nkB ^ wK ih id'A s[;hA fJE/ nkJ/ ;h eh b? e/ nkJ/ ;h<
wksk ^ gzi feb' ;Zio ;{Jh wZM dk d[ZX. e[M nkNk, e[M o[g? r'be ftu
s/ e[M pkpk ih nZr/HHH.
B"i[nkB ^ wksk ih ` fJ;/ bJh w?A efj fojk jK fe v/o/ pDkT[Dk B"eoh
iK y/sh Bkb'A tXhnk eko'pko j?. s[;hA gzi feb' d[ZX d/r/ ftu gkfJnk.
gzikj iK ;" o[g? Gh nogD ehs/. tkg; iKd/ j'J/ b? uZb/ “gftZso
;q'to ftu'A nzfwqs ib dh e?Bh Goe/.@ s[jkv/ torhnK Bk ;wM
wkJhnK, id'A se d[ZX tZN/ gkDh yqhd dhnK ofjDrhnK, sd'A se ;kXK
d/ v/o/ XVZb/ Bkb ubd/ ofjDr/. uzrk w[Bkck ewkT[Ad/ ofjDr/. rGo{
w[zv/ ;kX pDd/ ofjDr/.”
;fsr[o{ ih sK vze/ dh u'N BKb n?bkB eod/ jB ^
;fsr[o[ g[oy[ B wzfBU, ;pfd B br' fgnko[]
fJ;BkB dkB[ i/sk eofj, d{i? GkfJ y[nko[] (34)
j/ GkJh ` ;fsr[o{ dk j[ew wzfBnk BjhA. r[opkDh ;pdK okjh
ihtB ;[nkfonk BjhA. shoEK s/ fJPBkB eodk fojk. g[ikohnK d/
nky/ xo b[NkT[Adk fojk, dkB eodk fojk fJj ezw y[nko eoB tkb/
jB. fJjBK rbs ezwK okjhA e'Jh uzrh gqkgsh BjhA j' ;e/rh.
g[zB dkB ig sg i/s/ ;G T[gfo Bkw]
jfo jfo o;Bk i' ig? fs;[ g{oB ekw[](401)
j/ GkJh ` g[ikohnK tb'A gkg dk Gow yVk eoe/ i' ig sg
ns/ g[zB dkB eotkJ/ ik oj/ jB. fJj f;ZXh b[ZN ehsh ik ojh j?.
(61)

fJjBK dh EKt/, fBozeko B{z :kd oZy'. T[;d/ r[DK B{z XkoB eo' fizdrh
d/ ;ko/ ekoi ;fji sohe/ g{oB j[zd/ ikDr/.
r[opkDh B{z ;wMe/ ftnkfynk eoB tkb/ ftdtkB g[oy, GkJh
r[odk; ih, fJ; soQK ;wMkT[Ad/ jB ^
ir G'r BJht/d by, r[ow[fy w[fy fJe dkDk gkfJnk]
r[o GkJh ;zs[;N efo, r[ow[fy ;[ycb[ fgow uykfJnk] (7^13)
j/ GkJh ` bZyK jh iZr eoe/, eo'VK o[g? you fdU, p/eko rJ/
;wM'. bZyK w{oshnK s/ g[ikohnK B{z ytkT[Ad/ fgnkT[Ad/ oj', ewkJh p/
eko rJh ;wM'. bZyK gkyzvhnK B{z fBtkb/ (tZX s'A tZX ykD/) fdzd/ oj',
e'Jh gqkgsh BjhA j't/rh. fJ; s'A p/jso j? fe goT[gekoh, B/e ihtB
tkb/ r[ow[y iB B{z, nzBdkDk y[nfJnk ikt/. ;ko/ eowK Bkb'A T[sw
eow j?. r[o{ dh f;Zfynk s/ ubD tkb/, ftekoK B{z fsnkr r[DtkB pD
u[Ze/, r[oGkJhnK d/ T[EkB tk;s/ isBPhb j't/. iZr G'r Bkb'A wB[ysk
d/ Gb/ bJh ezw eo oj/ f;Zy ;/teK dh wZds eoBh, bZyK r[Dk T[sw
j?. fJ; soQK ;w[uk ;wki ;[yh t;/rk. ;/tk eoB tkb/ dh ;/tk p/eko
BjhA ikJ/rh.
;fsr[o{ ih dkB g[zB pko/ pk ewkb fbyd/ jB ^
efBe ekfwBh j?to r?to, pj[ fpfX dkB[ dkskok]
nzB p;sq G{fw pj[ nog/, Bj fwbhn? jfod[nkok] (642)
j/ GkJh ` fizBk woih ;'Bk dkB eo fdU. gsBh B{z rfjfDnK
Bkb bZde/ g[ikoh B{z G/N eo fdU. jkEh x'V/ fizB/ woih dkB eoh
ikU. j'o pj[s ;kohnK ftXhnK okjhA, nB/e gqeko dk dkB eod/
ikU. b'eh s[jkB{z wjkB dkBh nkyD bZr g?D. nzB p;so iwhB Gh
dkB eo fdU. ;G p/eko frnk. b[N/o/ g[ikoh b[ZNe/ yk rJ/, ftP/P
gqkgsh e'Jh BjhA j'Jh. ihtB BjhA ;ztfonk. oZp ih d/ do s/, fJjBK
uhiK dh e'Jh ehws BjhA j?. feT[Afe fJj sK ;kohnK T[;/ dhnK
fdZshnK j'JhnK jB.
;fsr[o{ ;ys ;pdK okjhA ;ktXkB eod/ jB, gV' ^
B Ghi? okrh Bkdh p/fd] Bk Ghi? ;[osh frnkBh i'fr]
B Ghi? ;'rh ehs? o'fi] B Ghi? o{gh wkbh ozr]
(62)

B Ghi? shofE Gftn? Bzfr] B Ghi? dksh ehs? g[zfB]
B Ghi? pkjfo p?fmnk ;[zfB]
B Ghi? G/fV wofj fGfV ;{o] B Ghi? e/s/ j'tfj X{fV]
b/yk fbyhn? wB e? GkfJ] BkBe Ghi? ;ku? BkfJ] (1237)
j/ GkJh ` gow/;o rhs ;zrhs Bkb BjhA gshidk. t/dK d/ gkm
ns/ wzsoK Bkb Gh BjhA wzBdk. ;{osh fNekT[D dk BkNe eoB tkb/
Gh p/eko ;wK rtk oj/ jB. pj[s/ frnkBtkB s/ ftdtkB j'Dk Gh fe;/
b/y/ ftu BjhA g?D bZrk. T[dk; ofjD Bkb, jzM{ e/oB Bkb Gh oZp B/
BjhA fwb g?Dk. pj[s/ XB wkb ns/ ;[zdosk Bkb oZp B{z gkT[Dk ukj'
BjhA gk ;e'r/. Bk shoEK d/ fJPBkB fe;/ ezw nkT[D/ jB. Bk jh Bzr/
ofjDk e'Jh Xow j?. p/nzs XB gdkoE g[zB eoB s/ Gh gqwkswk B{z y[;
BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. i/ e'Jh pkjo poc ftu p?m e/, nkgD/ nkg B{z
;[zB eo bt/, sK Gh ci{b fefonk j?. XB d"bs iK oki gqkgsh tk;s/
bV woBk Gh oZp B{z gotkB BjhA j?. fBwosk dk ;Kr eoBk (ftyktk)
Gh oZph do s/ wzi{o BjhA j?. p; sZs;ko dh n;b ftuko fJj j? fe
s[jkv/ wB dh GktBk eh j?. s[;hA fe; we;d tk;s/ T[go tofDs ezw
ehs/ jB. i/ s[;hA ;Zu/ okj s/ ubfdnK, ;Zu dk p'bpkbk eoBk ukj[zd/
j'. ngD/ ihtB B{z r[o{ nk;/ nB[;ko Ykb fbnk j?. fco w[pkoe j?.
toBk tes ns/ g?;k nikJh r[nkT[D dk e'Jh ckfJdk BjhA . ;oho
Bz{ fpBK yk; we;d d/, s;hj/ d/D/ p/eko jB. B/eh d/ okj s/ nv'b
ihtB pshs eoBk jh n;b “f;Zyh@ j?.
nkohnB B;b d/ jwbktoK B/ (pqjkwD ns/ yZsohnK d/ tv/
o/) Gkos d/ n;b t;Bhe, PKs ;[Gk, fJB;kBh r[DK Bkb
bpo/i, doktVK B{z jok fdZsk. p/nzs izrK ftu wko/ rJ/. nBzs b'eK
s'A XB wkb iwhB nkfd y'j bJh. ihts pu/ b'eK B{z ;dhth r[bkwh ftu
ieV fdZsk frnk. jo soQK d/ wB[Zyh nfXeko y'j bJ/. iBtoK dh g{ik
ehsh ikD bZrh. fJB;kBK Bkb x'o Bcos. gzi jiko ;kb s'A i'
“wjK gkgk” t/dK B/ f;ykfJnk j?. wzB{ B/ bkr{ eotkfJnk j?.
pqkjwDK B/ goukfonk j?. i' pqkpo d/ wB[y ;B, oZph feos ;B,
T[jBK s/ nfij/ i[bw Ykj/ rJ/, gVe/ nZi Gh wB e[obk T[mdk j?.
(63)

pqkjwD tZb'A fby/ s/ gquko/ rJ/ “Xow@ gqsh wB ftu Bcos Go iKdh
j?. fJ;/ bJh ;fsr[o{ ih B{z fbyDk fgnk^
p/d gVfj jfo Bkw[ B p{Mfj.. wkfJnk ekofD gfV gfV b{Mfj..
nzsfo w?b[ nfrnkBh nzXk, feT[ efo d[ so[ sohi? j/..
p/d pkd ;fG nkfy tykDfj.. B nzso[ Ghi? B ;pd[ gSkDfj..
g[zB[ gkg[ ;G[ p/fd fdqVkfJnk r[ow[fy nzfwqs[ ghi? j/] (1049)
j/ GkJh ` g[zB ns/ gkg dk ftuko t/dK B/ fdZsk j?. pqkjwD B/
gqukfonk, s/ yZsoh okfinK B/ ngDh oki;h skes Bkb fJ; B{z bkr{
eotkfJnk j?. r[ow[y iB fJ; g[zB gkg d/ ftuko dh gqtkj ehs/ pr?o
nzfwqs wJh pkDh gVe/, nzfwqswJh ihtB pshs eod/ jB. “i/ feXo/
gkg j? sK t/dK dk Xow wjK gkgh j?.” wzB{ f;fwqsh okjhA pqkjwD
B? i' nfsnkuko ehs/ jB, d[BhnK ftu'A T[j ;G s'A PowBke eKv j?.
wzB{z f;fwqsh tkb/ wB[y d'yh ekB{zB B{z bkr{ eoB tk;s/, yZsoh okfinK
B/ n;fj s/ nefj i[bw ehs/. d[BhnK ftu fJe' fjzd{ ;wki jh j? fe
ykgzv, M{m ns/ f;o/ d/ i[bwK B{z “Xow” gqukodk j?. nBzs gkgK dh
;ik fJjBK B{z ed'A fwb/rh< “gkg” T[skoB bJh fJj b'e fezBk e[
“dkB” g[zB eoBr/< nro pj[iB ;wki B{z T[jBK dhnK ikfJdksK
tkg; eo d/D. T[jBK B{z ngD/ pqkpo ;ko/ nfXeko d/ d/D. gkgh
fbysK Bkb BZe' BZe Go/, “Xow rqzEK” B{z v{zx/ N'J/ g[ZNe/ dcB eo d/
D. ;z;ko ;Bw[y ehs/ gkgK bJh, y[Zb/ nkw oZp e'b'A ns/ pj[iB ;wki
e'b'A, w[nkch wzr b?D. PkfJd fJjBK tb'A ehs/ gkgK dk Gko e[ZM xN
ikt/.
pkdPkj f;ezdo B/ d[BhnK fiZsD dk fJokdk Xkfonk, s/ bZrk
y{B dhnK BdhnK pjkT[D. fezB/ ;ko/ d/PK B{z r[bkw pDkT[D bZfrnK,
bZyK fJB;kBK B{z w"s d/ xkN T[sko fdZsk. wjkokik nP'e B/, oki
tXkT[AfdnK nDfrDs b'eK B{z esb ehsk. wjKGkos ftubh g"okDe
eEK w[skpe, d' gqtkoK dh oki s/ epi/ B{z b?e/, fGnkBe izr nopK
p/d';/ b'e wotk fdZs/. wko/ rJ/ fJB;kBK dh jZfsnk dk “gkg” T[skoB
bJh iZr ehs/ rJ/. y[Zb/ fdb pqkjwDK B{z dkB fdZs/ rJ/ wzso gVQ/ rJ/
. nDfrDs “gkgK” s'A w[esh dk gqtkBk ikoh eo fdZsk frnk.
(64)

w[jzwd B/ r?o w[;bwkBK B{z “ekco” rodkB fdZsk. ekco B{z ik s/
@w'wB” pDk bU, iK esb eo fdU. pj[s Gkok ;tkp (g[zB) br/rk.
Xosh dh pj[s ;koh t;'A B{z, w[;bwkBK B/ skes dh tos'A eoe/,
w[;bwkB pDkfJnk j?. pVk “g[zB” yZfNnk j? T[jBK B/. fjzd';skB s/
w[;bwkB fJe jiko ;kb se fJjh “g[zB eow” eod/ oj/. ngD/
w"bkfDnK B{z b[ZNd/ wkb ftu'A, “dkB” eod/ oj/. Gkos ftu'A ipoh
T[Xkb e/ fbnKdhnK, ;[zdo itkB bVehnK d/ nowkBK B{z e[ube/, p[ZY/
“Xoww[yhnK” B{z nogD eoe/ “g[zB” ewkT[Ad/ oj/. ;tor dhnK
fNeNK yohd d/ oj/. r'fonK B/ ;dhnK se d[BhnK s/ oki ehsk.
nwqhek e?B/vk nk;Nq/bhnk s/ fBT{ihb?Av dhnK w{b ;fGnsktK dk
wbhnkw/N eo fdZsk. bZyK b'eK B{z w"s d/ xkN T[sko fdZsk. fco ;ko/
gkg bkj[D bJh, f:;{ nZr/ “gqkoEBk” ehsh. “dkB g[zB” ehsk, s/ ;ko/
“gkgK” s'A ;[oy[o{ j' rJ/. fJj dk;skB pj[s bzwh j?. “gkg” eoe/
eZ[M “g[zB dkB” eo' ;tor dk fNeN p'M/ ftu gkT[.
nkw fJB;kB B{z G? Ghs eoB bJh pqkjwD g[iohnK B/
nDfrDs ejkdhnK xVhnK jB. pV/ pV/ gqskgh oki/ d/ts/ ns/ foPh
w[Bh Gh “gkg” eod/ ftykJ/ rJ/. fco ftbed/sVcd/, o"Ad/ e[obKd/,
d[y G'rd/ ftykJ/ rJ/. “gkgK s'A w[esh bJh wzso gVQd/ ns/ tZv/ tZv/
dkB eod/ fpnkB/ rJ/. gkgK s'A ;[oyo{ j'e/ ;[or ftu g[id/ ftykJ/.
;'w o; ghe/, r'o/ pdB tkbhnK Byo/b' gohnK ftueko fxo/,
“yow;shnK” eod/ ftykJ/. nfij/ wBw'je ikb ftu pd'pdh c;D
bJh wB bbuk iKdk j?. fJ; b'e ftu nfij/ ozr wkBD dk i/ ;[Gkr
gqkgs BjhA j'fJnk sK nrbk iBw “;ztkoB” bJh, f;o XV dh pkih
bkT[Dh jh gt/rh. pqkjwD g[ikoh B/ nrbk iBw “;ztkoB” bJh nZi
se, edh “dkB” BjhA ehsk. edh jZEhA ;/tk BjhA ehsh. edh d/;
Xow bJh e;N BjhA ;jko/. Pjhdh BjhA gkJh. izsk iBkodB “;ZgK
dhnK y[ZvK ftu jZE gkT[Adh j?. pqkjwD go/ yb' e/, wzso gVAdk j?.”
j? Bk < i' u'Ad/ u'Ad/ ;[nkd, iiwkBK B{z nrb/ iBw ftu d/D dk
;pipkr ftykfJnk iKdk j?. pqkjwD bJh ;ko/ ;[nkd s/ G'r fJE/ jh
w"i{d jB. T[j “g[zB” dkB feT[A eo/< t?;/ fi; wB[Zy dhnK nZyK
(65)

y[ZbhnK jB, T[j “d/tfsnK dh Xosh”, wjkB Gkos ftu jh “Boe”
d/ y[Zb/ doPB dhdko/ eo ;edk j?. i' d[ors fJ; d/; dh BIo nk
ojh j?, fJj ;koh “pqkjwD g[ikoh” dh feogk ;dek jh j?. r[opkDh
dk c[owkB j?^
ihn pXj[ ;[ Xow[ efo Ekgj[, nXow ejj[ es GkJh]
nkg; eT[ w[fBto efo Ekgj[, ek e' ejj[ e;kJh] (1102)
pqkjwDK tb'A fbyhnK s/ gqukohnK, p/ f;o g?o dhnK ejkDhnK
ftu'A fJe, “dkB” pko/ fJj Gh j? ^ “d;oE oki/ dk dkdk nik okik
pqkjwDK, ;kX{nK B{z dkB BjhA fdzdk ;h. fJe fdB wjkswk dk u/bk Ghy
wzrdk, oki dopko ftu g[Zi frnk. oki/ B/ BKj ehsh. u/bk fGZfynk
b?D bJh nfVnk fojk. oki/ B/ eo'X ftu nke/, ngD/ ;/tkdo okjhA,
T[;d/ posD ftu, x'fVnK dh fbZd gk fdZsh. u/b/ B/ “nPhotkd”
fdzfdnK nky fdZsk, “iiwkB dk dkB jikoK r[Dk tX/.” u/bk izrb
ftu, ngD/ tZv/ wjzs e'b g[Zfink, ;koh j'Jh phsh efj ;[DkJh. ;zs
B/ d{o fJe pzB/ fbZd Y/oh eotk fdZsh. T[E/ ;[ZNh j'Jh fbZd, tXDh P[o{
j' rJh. feZb' d' feZb' s'A tXe/ T[j fbZd pj[s tZvk Y/o pD rJh. fJe
fdB fPeko y/Ydk nik okik T[E/ g[Zfink. ;kXK dh e[Nhnk bkr/ fbZd
dk tZvk Y/o t/ye/ j?okB j'fJnk, s/ g[ZfSnk ^ s[jkv/ e'b x'V/ sK BIo
BjhA nkT[Ad/, fco nkj fbZd feE'A nkJh.@<
tZvk ;kX p'fbnk ^ fJ; d/; dk okik pVk nXowh j?. ;kX{nK
dk ngwkB eodk j?. p;so iK nzB dkB eoB dh Ekt/A, T[;B/ ;kB{z
fbZd “dkB” fdsh ;h. fit/A fe dkB tXdk jh j?. fbZd tXe/ jikoK
r[Dk j' rJh j?. id'A woih ykt/ nik oki/ B{z fJj fbZd ykDh gt/rh.@
nik oki/ dk ;[De/ f;o ueok frnk. g;hB/ S[ZN gJ/. Xkn e/ ;zs d/
uoBk s/ Y?j fgnk. “w[nkc eo fdU wjkoki, rbsh j' rJh. nfijh
rbsh w[Ve/ BjhA eoKrk. ;kX{nK dk g{ok ;BwkB eoKrk.” wjzs
p'fbnk ^ “fJe ;"yk okj d;d/ jK. fJ; fbZd B{z ;[eke/ nZr bk fdZsh
ikt/. ;[nkj pD e/ fbZd ;"tK fj;k ofj ikt/rh. T[gqzs e[M ykD/ ftu
fwbke/, e[M gkDh ftu x'b e/ yk gh bth. fJ; s'A xZN BjhA j' ;edh.
fJT[A o'Ad/ e[obkT[Ad/ oki/ B{z fbZd ykDh gJh.@
(66)

fJ; e[co eEk B{z f;ZyK dk y{B u{; ojhnK i'eK (;kX ;zs)
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu, y{p bwek bwek e/ ;[DkT[AdhnK jB.
;q'fsnK dk sqkj eZY fbnk iKdk j?. fco g;hB' g;hBk eotk e/,
“dkB” ftu ;G e[M eYtk fbnk iKdk j?. f;Zy ifrnk;{nK dh ewkJh
B{z, “dkB” o{gh mZrh okjhA, d'jh jZEhA b[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. fes/ eko
;/tk, fes/ bzro ;/tk. feXo/ :shw pZfunK dh ;/tk. feXo/ ;'B/
uKdh dh ;/tk. v/fonK dh ;/tk, e'sohnK dh ;/tk. ykfb;skB bJh
;/tk, ykb;k wkouK bJh ;/tk. r[ioks d/ G[ukb bJh ;/tk. T[Vh;k
d/ s[ckB ghVsK dh ;/tk. y/sK ftu'A eDe M'B/ dhnK p'ohnK dh ;/
tk. ;pih wzvh ftu'A ;pih wzrD dh ;/tk. ;VeK s/ yb'e/ d'XhnK
s'A dZ[X y'jD dh ;/tk. fpoX ;o{gK dh ;/tk, Bt/A ;o{g pd/PK ftu
g[ukD dh ;/tkHHH. bzr'N e;e/ fizB/ b'e ;/tk eoB dk BkNe eo oj/
jB. fJT[A gqshs j' fojk j? fe pjkdoK, feoshnK goT[gekohnK,
ftdtkBK dh fJj f;Zy e"w, fGykohnK iK wzrfsnK dh e"w pD
u[eh j?. “dkB fdU, nrbk iBw ;ztko'. gftso r[og[op, gftso
wZf;nk g[zfBnk s/ gftso ;zrqKd B{z dkB d/ e/ ihtB ;cbk eo'
ihHH”
brgr gzikj e[ ;kb gfjbk w/oh fJe rbsh ekoB w/o/ S'N/
Gok dh ohV dh jZvh, fNekD/ s'A fjZb rJh. T[; dhnK d't/A bZsK ezw
eoB' ofj rJhnK. fJ; rbsh pko/ w?B{z iK fe;/ j'o B{z e'Jh frnkB
BjhA ;h. ;Zs nZm ;kb dk wk;{w pkbe, bkuko j' e/ wzi/ i'rk ofj
frnk. “f;nkD/” p[bkJ/, jE"b/ eokJ/, Xkr/ sths gkJ/. e'Jh ckfJdk
Bk j'fJnk. fgzv d/ ;G s'A “gftZso s/ f;nkD/” ftnesh s'A g[ZS
eokJh, gZsoh ftykJh. T[;B/ gq/s uzpfVnk n?bkB eo fdZsk. gq/s
SkfJnk T[skoB bJh, fJe gftZso fdB, pqjw G'i eotkU. gq/s ubk
ikt/rk s/ ekek szdo[;s j' ikt/rk.”
wksk fgsk B/ fJ; “oZph j[ew@ B{z gqtkB eo fbnk. fgzv d/
;kj{eko s'A 300 o[gJ/ ftnki s/ bJ/. yzv nkNk d[ZX eZgVk, ;[Ze/ w/t/,
dkbK, ;pihnK, ;G fsnkoh eo bJh. fJe tZvk eVkjk yho dk, fJe
eVkjk eVkj gq;kfd dk, pDkfJnk frnk. j'o Gh pj[s soQK d/
(67)

getkB. ;ko/ fgzv d/ pqkjwD pqkshnK tKr ;i Xi e/ nkD g[Zi/. nkb/
d[nkb/ d/ fgzvK ftu'A “f;nkD/ ftdtkB” pqkjwD, fpBk p[bkJ/ Gh nk
rJ/. wK, dkdh, G{nk ih, uku/ s/ n;hA d't/A tZv/ Gok ihn ikB Bkb
“;/tk” eod/ oj/. pqkjwD gP{nK tKr g/N B{z s{Vd/ oj/. xo d/ w?ApoK
bJh v'b{ GokT[Ad/ oj/. pkg{ ih B/ “PoXk” Bkb ;kfonK d/ uoB X'J/.
;kfonK dk nkT[D bJh ;[eokBk ehsk. iKfdnK B{z e[ZM goB/ (eZgV/)
fdZs/ rJ/ Brd o{g?, dZSDk fdZsh rJh. j'JhnK G[ZbK bJh w[nkch wzrh
rJh. ;kfonK B{z ftdk eoe/, id'A n;hA ;/tkdkoK B/, xod/ w?ApoK bJh
ykD B{z wzfrnk, wK dkdh s/ G{nk G{pK wko e/ o' gJhnK. “s[jkv/
;kfonK bJh d[pkok o'Nh pDkT[Dh gt/rh, ;G e[M ysw j' frnk j?.”
n;h ;ko/ G?D GkJh wK d/ rb br e/ iko' iko o'J/. fes/ Pkw tes
;kB{z o'Nh B;hp j'Jh. pkg{ ih uku/ ns/ j'o ;ko/ b[N/fonK s/ dzd eohu
oj/ ;B. go pkih jZE'A fBeb u[eh ;h. xo bZ[fNnk ik u[fenk ;h.
fpwko Gok T[;/ soQK wzih s/ fgnk o' fojk ;h. fi; gq/s dh
eo'gh dZ;h rJh ;h, T[;/ soQK ekfJw ;h. ekch fdBK s'A wro'A, ;ohe/
ftu'A fJe ;odko, i' ;oekoh B'eoh ekoB fes/ d{i/ Pfjo ftu ofjzdk
;h ;kv/ xo nkfJnk. T[;B/ ;koh rbpks pV/ uzr/ sohe/ ehsh. wK
ns/ pkg{ ih B{z e'b fpmk e/ ikDekoh b?Adk fojk. w?A w"e/ dk rtkj ;K,
id'A “gq/s dh e;o” j'Jh ;h. T[jBK w/oh Gh g[ZSfrZS ehsh. fco pV/
ftPtk; Bkb nkfynk fe ekek szdo[;s j' ikt/rk, fJ;B{z gfNnkb/
;oekoh j;gskb ftu b? ikT[. xo d/ ;fjws j' rJ/, T[j y[d Bkb
frnk. j;gskb ftu fJbki P[o{ j' frnk. T[jBK ohV dh jZvh B{z
fpibh bk e/ MZNe/ fds/. fyZuK gkJhnK, wkb;K ehshnK Nhe/ bkJ/.
wjhB/ e[ wro'A Gok j"bh j"bh N[oB bZr fgnk. P[eo P[eo eod/ xo
nkJ/. T[; Gb/ fJB;kB dk pko pko XzBtkd ehsk, fi;B/ mhe o;s/
gkfJnk ;h. rb n;b ftu fJT[A j'Jh ;h fe w/oh rbsh d/ ekoB, T[;
Gok dh ohV dh jZvh B{z wo'V nk rJh, fNekD/ s'A fjZb rJh ;h. ;oho
dk j/mbk fjZ;k ezw eoB' o[e frnk ;h. w?A Gh e/tb pkoK e[ ;kb dk
;K. T[; ;w/A w?B{z Gh gsk Bjh ;h, fe fpwkoh dk ekoB w/oh jh rbsh
j?. fJj sK pj[s wro' tZvh T[wo/ ;wM nkJh ;h. fJj :ehB gZek
(68)

j' frnk fe G{s gq/s e'Jh BjhA jB.
d{i/ gk;/ ftnki s/ bJ/ 300 o{g? tXD bZr/. jo S/ wkjh dh
c;b nkT[D s/ ;kj{eko, ykD i'r/ dkD/ SZv e/, ;ko/ u[Ze fbikfJnk eo/
. o{g? fco Gh tXd/ ub/ ikD. fszB e[ ;kb wro'A, xo ftu'A ;Zio ;{Jh
wZM Gh, bkbk ftnki ftu jh y'jb e/ b? frnk. n;hA ;kok gqtko G[ZpK
wko^wko o'Ad/ oj/. nzdo tVe/ ngDh “fe;ws” B{z e';d/ oj//. w?A
jb tkj[Dk f;Zfynk. pj[sh fwjBs eoe/ eoik T[skoB dk, wK pkg{
B{z ftPtk; d[nkfJnk. BtK tfjVek gfjb/ ;kb jb i'fVnk. w/ok
Xosh s/ gZp B fNe/. go nkT[Adh S/ wkjh B{z, ;kj{eko ngD/ pzfdnK
;w/s nkfJnk. pkg{ Bkb e[M rbK j'JhnK. w/ohnK nZyK d/ ;kjwD/
w/o/ firo dk N[eVk, w/ohnK nk;K dk p{o, tfjVek ;/m y'jb e/ b?
frnk. w?A iko' iko o'fJnk, j[D y/sh fet/A eoKrk< eh b? e/ y/s
iktKrk< wK ns/ pkg{ B/ pj[s fdbk;/ fdZs/ go w?A jcsk Go y/s Bk ik
;fenk. wK s/ pkg{ nbZr o'Ad/ oj/, go ;ko/ p/p;. fJjBK fdBK ftu
tv/ Gok B/ d;thA gk; eo bJh, c"i (J/no c'o;) ftu Gosh j'
frnk. T[;B/ w/ok Xotk; pzBkfJnk, fe w?A T[E/ ik e/ pj[s ;ko/ g?;/
G/iKrk. fco s{z tXhnk ;'jDk pbd yqhd bthA.HHH s/ eoik T[skohA.
Gok s'A “gq/s dk ;kfJnk” T[skoB bJh, i' “g[zB dkB” ehsk
;h, T[;d/ ftnki dk gq/s ;kv/ f;o uVe/ e{eD bZr fgnk. nZm ;kb
se edh ftnkd ftu dkD/, edh rK, edh wZM ;kv/ eb/i/ B{z uho e/,
pkDhnk fbiKdk fojk. tZvk Gok nkfJnk. w?A thj ;kb dk j' frnk.
S'Nk (fpwkoh tkbk) gzdoK ;kb dk j' frnk. g{oh tkj bkJh go eoik
Bk bZEk. nyho ftu jko jzG e/, T[; ikbw “gq/s” (pkDhnk) B{z uzrk
XwekfJnk bkj gk ehsh. ;ohek epbhk swkPk t/ydk fojk. n;hA
ngDk “MZrk jh u[Ze fdZsk”, sK fes/ ;kvk T[; gq/s s'A S[Nekok j'fJnk.
j'o pj[s ;ko/ gqtko ni/, gq/sK dh ieV ftu jZE g?o wko oj/ jB.
Ffe;/ ;w/A ;okosh y/YK y/YfdnK pZfunK B/ fpZbh B{z e[EkJ/A x/
o fbnk. pu fBebD dh pVh e'fPP ehsh go pZfunk B/ fpZbh B{z wko
w[ekfJnk. e[M fdB gfjbK “gzfvs ih” B/ eEk ehsh ;h fe fpZbh
wkoB dk pVk Gkoh gkg brdk j?. ;s iBwK se Boe G'rDk g?Adk
(69)

j?. pj[s rzdhnK i{BK ftu iBw b?e/, e;N ;jkoB/ g?Ad/ jB. w'Jh
fpZbh dk gkg T[skoB bJh, ;'B/ dh fpZbh pDk e/, T[;/ woh fpZbh pokpo
s'b e/, dkB ehsh ikt/. eEk ftu nZr/ fJj Gh dZf;nk ;h, nro d';h
wB{Zy fJsBk ;'Bk dkB Bk eo ;e/, sK jb yVk eoe/, nBki dk Y/o
brkt/. sK gkg T[so ;edk j?. pZfunK tb'A fpZbh wkoB dh ypo d/
D bJh, d'Vd/ j'J/ eJh ftnesh gzfvs ih e'b ik cfonkdh j'J/. “ih
cbK cbK ftnesh d/ g[Zso B/ fpZbh wko fdZsh, gkg fet/A T[so/rk<
g[ikoh p'fbnk ^ fJj ;ko/ fe;kBk ezwhnK d/ g[Zso jB.
fJjBK Bkb Bowh tos b?Ad/ jK. jb yVk eoe/, nBki dk pokpo Y/
o bk e/, fizB/ dkD/ j'D dkB eo d/D. fJzB/ B{z fJe fe;kB B/ pqkjwD
dk g[Zso cV fbnKdk. nke/ g[ZfSnk ^ gzfvs ih fpZbh wkoB tkb/
w[zfvnK ftu s[jkvk g[Zso Gh ;h, g[ZS' fJ;B{z.
“y?o e'Jh yk; rb BjhA pZfunK s'A rbshnK j' jh ikfJnk
eodhnK jB. fJjBK wk;{wK d/ wB ftu y'N BjhA j'fJnk eodk. fJT[A
eo', jb B{z bzwk gk bU. fizB/ e[ dkfDnK Bkb jb dh beV Yeh ikt/, T[B/
e[ dkD/ dkB eo fdU. ikU pj[sk Gow BjhA eohdk.”
n;b ftu fpZbhnK wkoB s'A o'eD tk;s/ gquko eoBk sK mhe
;h. feT[Afe u{j/ c;bK dk pj[s B{e;kB eod/ jB. gb/r dh fpwkoh
Gh, gfjbK u{fjnK B{z j[zdh j?, fco fJB;kBK ftu c?bdh j?. i/ fpZbhnK
wko fdZshnK ikD, sK u{fjnK tb'A ehs/ ikD tkb/ B[e;kB dk nzsgkoktko
BjhA ofjDk. fJ; rZb B{z b'eK se gj[ukD dh Ekt/A, “gkg g[zB” BKb
i'V fdZsh rJh.
nkw jkbsK ftu “dkB” T[j ftnesh eodk j? i' tZvk j?,
nwho j?. dkB b?Adk T[j j?, i' ewi'o j?, bkuko j? rohp j?, ngkji
j?. ejkts j? d/D tkb/ dk jZE T[go j[zdk j?, b?D tkb/ dk j/mK. ;w/
A B/ nfijh eotN pdbh, dkB b?D tkb/ nfij/ ukso fdwkr fBeb/ fe
“dkBh wB[Zy dkB d/ e/ Gh jhDk, s/ ewi'o wfj;{; eoB bZrk.” fizBK
tZvk e'Jh ekw:kp tgkoh (tZv/ Xkowe ndko/ dk w[yh) j't/rk, T[;B{z
fdZs/ ikD tkb/ “dkB” dh oew Gh T[;/ fj;kp tZvh j[zdh ubh ikt/rh.
fdZbh ftub/ r[od[nkok ;h; rzi d/ ofj u[e/ fJe rzqEh B{z w?A y[d fJj
(70)

efjzd/ ;[fDnk ^ “xo p[bke/ nodk; eokT[D dh G/Nk gsk i/ < w?B{z
nkw r[od[nko/ dk GkJh Bk ;wM b?Dk. w/oh nodk; G/N frnok ;"
(1100$^) s'A P[o{ j[zdh j?. tX eo'r/ sK tX cb gkT[r/. dopko
;kfjp dk ftrfVnk rqzEh, frnkBh g{oB f;zx Po/nkw efjzdk fojk j?,
w/oh ehsh nodk; ed/ fpoEh BjhA iKdh. dopko ;kfjp d/ ;/tk w[es
rqzEh, frnkBh w'jD f;zx d/ nDfrDs jk;' jhD/ feZ;/ sK nypkoK dk
fPzrko pDd/ oj/ jB. fjzd';skB fi; fBZxoh j'Jh jkbs ftu'A dh
r[iodk fojk j?. rohph G[ywoh, nDgVsk, fpwkohnK, ekfJosk,
Gow rq;s nkfd dh fi; so;:'r nt;Ek ftu ni Gh j? (xZN' xZN
gzikj ;kb j'o oj/rk) fJ;d/ fizw/tko fJZE'A d/ ny"sh Xow rzqE ns/ b'N{
g[ikoh jB, iK p/JhwkB oki B/sk. fJzB fpzB f;Zy e"w dh pdso jkbs
f;ZyK d/ ngD/ Xow w[yh ns/ oki w[yhnK B/ ehsh j?.
nBzdg[o fty/ brgr gzikj r[od[nko/ s/ v/o/ T[;o u[e/ jB.
eh fJe' tZvk r[od[nkok ekch BjhA ;h< fiE'A r[ows dh ;jh f;Zfynk
fwbdh< ;zxDh nkpkdh iK PfjoK ftu iwhB fJzuK d/ Gk ftedh j?.
eh io{os j? bZyK o[g? youD dh< r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z f;o s/ oy', jZE
ftu e/;oh iK Bhbk fB;kB u[Ze'. fe;/ Gh t/jbh gJh EK s/ Mzvk rZv',
s/ nyzvgkm P[o{ eo fdU. i/ fe;/ B/ fto'X ehsk sK “nyzv gkm yzvs
j' frnk, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh p/ndph j' rJh”, dk T[uh T[uh Y'b fgZN
fdU. jcsk d; fdB o'bk g?e/, wkwbk PKs, gbkN s/ epik gZek.
ftu/ ngDh fojkfJ;, ftu/ d[ekBK s/ ftu/ S'N/ fij/ ewo/ ftu wjkoki
ih.@ fizdrh Go bJh o'NhnK yohnK. fJ;/ soQK jo EK E'e ftu
r[od[nko/ o{gh jZNhnK gkJh d[ekBdko p?m/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.
jkbks dk d[ydkJh gZy ftuko' fe fi; ;fsr[o{ ih ;Bw[y
“PoXktkB” wkJh GkJh, ngDk XB nogD eod/ ;ze'u BjhA eod/
;B. xo d/ ezw fsnkr e/, goT[gekoh f;ZyK :'fXnK bJh bzro
gekT[d/ s/ j'o ;/tktK eoBhnK XzB Gkr ikDd/ ;B. fi; ;fsr[o{ nZr/
ngD/ firo d/ N'N/, i[nkB g[soK B{z Xow:[X ftu woB bJh, G/ifdnK
eod/ ;B. T[;/ r[o{ d/ f;Zy, ngD/ bJh g[ZsoK dhnK dksK wzrd/ jB.
g[ZsoK dh gqkgsh bJh bzwhnK nodk;K eokT[Ad/ jB. r[o{ B/ nkgD/
(71)

uko/ bys/ firo e[opkB eo fdZs/. nZi dk f;Zy nodk; eodk j? fe
f;Zyh oj/ Bk oj/, g[Zso io{o py; fdU. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ j[ew fdsk ;h
fe g[Zso ofjD Bk ofjD, go f;Zyh ofj ikt//. T[jBK fejk jh BjhA,
;z;ko ;Bw[Zy nb"fee ;{owrsh dh fw;kb ekfJw eofdnK g[ZsoK dk
dkB eo fdZsk. ihjd/ xo g[Zso g?dk j' ikt/, T[j efjzdk fco/ fe
g[ZsoK d/ dkBh B/ w?B{z g[Zso dk dkB d/ fdZsk. n;b ftu i[bw dk ykswk
eoB bJh g[so tko (dkB) fdZs/. nZbk :ko yK i'rh fJ; ;{owrsh
dh rkEk B{z fJT[A fpnkB eodk j?^
p; J/e fjzd w/A shoE j?, :ksok e/ bhJ/.
eNkJ/ pkg B/ pZu/, ijK y[dk e/ bhJ/.
uwe j? fwjo (;{oi) eh uwe"o s/o/ io'A w/A,
:jhA ;/ pBe/ f;sko/ rJ/, nk;wK e/ bhJ/.
S'N/ ;kfjpiKfdnK pko/ i'rh ih fbyd/ jB
jw ikB d/ e/, n"o/ eh ikB puk ub/.
f;yh eh Bht jw j?, ;o'A go T[mk ub/.
r[fonkJh ek j? feZ;k ijK w/ pBk ub/.
f;zx' eh ;bsBs ek, g"dk brk ub/.
rZdh s'A sys p; np e"w gkJ/rh.
d[BhnK ;/ ifbw' ek fB;K se fwNkJ/rh.
;opz; dkBh ;fsr[o{ d/ gkJ/ g{ofBnK s/ ubfdnK, f;Zy Gh
;opz; (sB wB s/ XB tkoB tkb/) dkBh pD rJ/ ;B. nkgDhnK nZyK
d/ ;kjwD/, pkpk pzdk f;zx B/ g[Zso tko fdZsk.;qL ;[p/r f;zx B/ nZyK
;kjt/A g[Zso, Pkjpki f;zx B{z e[opkB eotk fbnk. wktK B/ pZfunK
d/ N[eV/ eotk e/, rbK ftu jko g[nk bJ/. ;G e[ZM dkB ftu d/ e/
, dkBh BjhA nytkJ/, ;/te pD/ oj/. nZi jkbs fJj j' rJh fe f;Zy
nzB XB s/ nT[bkd bJh wzrsk pfDnk Bio nkT[Adk j?. T[;B{z ;kohnK
poesK pyP d/D tkbk ;kX ;zs s/ GkJh, T[;dh i/p s/ fBrk fNekJh
p?mk j?. Gkt/A wkfJnk d/ nzpko i'V bJ/, ni/ Gh Bhs BjhA Goh.
r[otke jB^
(72)

w'Nk BkT[ XokJhn?, rfb nT[rD Gkok..
wkD; dkfs B j'tJh, s{ dksk ;kok.. (1009)
j/ GkJh ` dkB nkfd eoe/ Gkt/A b'eK s'A fizBh woih gq;z;k
eotk bJhJ/. ;ko/ pzB/ b'eh XzB j? XzB eod/ fcoB. go fJj e'Jh
tZvkgD BjhA j?. wB[Zy gkg eowK d[nkok pj[sk XB fJeZmk eodk j?.
fco T[; rzdh ewkJh ftu'A “dkB g[zB” eoe/, B/eh yqhdDh ukj[zdk j?.
b'eK s'A nkgDh M{mh gq;z;k eotkT[Adk j?. fJ; soQK T[j g[zB BjhA, ;r'A
gkg eodk j?. nkT[rDk d/ wkB' ngD/ rb ftu ;zrb g[nk fojk j[zdk
j?. wB[Zy dksk j' jh BjhA ;edk. i' e[M Gh fJB;kB e'b j?, T[j ;kok
fBozeko tb'A pyf;nk j'fJnk j?. n;b dksk gow/;o nkg jh j?, i'
;G B{z foie d/ fojk j?. tke jB^
s{z gqG dksk dkfB wfs g{ok, jw Eko/ G/ykoh ihT[..
w?A fenk wkrT[, feS[ fEo[ B ojkJh, w?A dhi? Bkw[ fgnkoh ihT[] (597)
g[oksB rkEk j? fe fJe ;zfBnk;h ;kX{, u/fbnK ;w/s d;w
gkfsPkj ji{o d/ do;B eoB nkfJnk. gzikp s'A d{o ofjD tkbk
;h. r[o{ xo dh uVs ;[Dh, goT[geko d/; Xow pko/ ;fsr[o{ dh gj[zu
eh j?, ;[fDnk. wzibK wkodk nBzdg[o nk frnk. fJE/ gj[zu e/, jZek
pZek ofj frnk. Gkos ftub/ “;ko/ Xow” wB[Zy B{z fsnkr dh gZNh
gVkT[Ad/ jB. xo iwhB gqtko, wksk fgsk XB gdkoE. fJE'A se fe
eZgV/ Gh fsnkr fdU. t?;/ sK Bzr/ ofjDk jh “Xowh” g[oy bJh T[sw
ekoi j?. i/ Pow dk wkfonk Bzrk Bk j' ;e/ sK bzr'Nh (fbzrOUNh^e/
tb fbzr B{z eZiD bJh fJe Nkeh) gfjB ;edk j?. T[AR fJe fcoek
nfijk Gh ;h i' fbzr B{z eZN e/ ;[ZN fdzdk ;h. nfij/ tksktoD ftu,
gqtkB ufVnk fJj ;kX, r[o{ xo dh PkB' P"es t/y e/, j?okB ofj
frnk. jkEh x'V/, c"iK feb/, ;[zdo gfjokt/. fes/ s?okeh dhnK wPeK,
feXo/ B/i/ pkih, sho nzdkih. fe;/ gk;/ wZb nykV/, fe;/ j'o pzB/
eskoK ftu p?m/ f;Zy ifrnk;{, ftfdnk b? oj/ jB. fe;/ gk;/ BthnK
T[;kohnK s/ w[ozwsK j' ojhnK jB. bzro gZe oj/ jB. jo e'Jh fts
nB[;ko ezw eo fojk j?.
(73)

fJ;dk wB pj[s gq/PkB j'fJnk. wBk fJj Xow n;EkB BjhA
brdk, fJj EK sK fe;/ uzr/ oki/ dh gqshs j[zdh j?. ;/tkdkoK B{z p/Bsh
eoe/, fJ; ;kX B/ d;w gkfsPkj ih B{z nk wZEk N'fenk. ngD/ pko/
;zy/g ikDekoh fdZsh. rb pksK ftu nkgDk s"ybk gqrN ehsk ^
“;fsr[o{ ih ` Xowh g[oP sK g{oB fsnkrh j'fJnk eod/ jB.
wkfJnk w'j s'A w[es. brd? s[;hA sK g{oh soQK wkfJnk ftu rq;/ j'J/
j'. nkj f;Zy ;/te feb/ jkEh, x'V/, nzB, XB, gqtko pZu/HHH. fJj e/
jk Xow j?

feZs/ d/ s"o s/ gqukoe pDB bZr gJ/, sd'A s'A nkw f;Zy, nt/;bk j'D
bZr fgnk. pkDh e'Jh j'o gVe/ ;[DkJ/rk. ehosB e'Jh j'o eo/rk.
eEkeko r[opkDh d/ noE eoe/ ;[DkJ/rk. tZN/ ftu T[;B{z nzB XB
eZgVk ;'Bk nkfde d/ e/ “;BwkBs” ehsk ikt/rk. wL oDihs f;zx
d/ ;w/A ns/ wro'A nwhoK tihoK B/, okrhnK gkmhnK B{z uzrh u'yh
wkfJnk d/Dh nozG eo fdZsh. fJjBK ftu pj[s ;kok p/o[irko bkDk
s/ pqkjwDh spek Gh Pkwb j[zdk frnk. fco f;Zy ;odkoK dhnK Bkw
b?e/ bzwhnK nodk;K j'D bZrhnK. T[jBK tb'A fds/ rJ/ “dkB” B{z
nodk; ftu p'be/ ;[DkfJnk ikD bZrk. fJe g{ok ;{ok g[ikoh N'bk
fJ; soK ftek; eodk, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp s/ ekpi j' frnk. nkw f;Zy
pkDh s'A d{o j[zdk ubk frnk. pj[sk dkB eoe/ pkDh dk wjksw gqhdD
d/ (e[okj/) okj g? frnk.
gktD pkDh g[eko g[eko e/ g[ikohnK s'A, b'N{ wzrfsnK s'A,
ngDk nkgk puk e/ oZyD dh jdkfJs eodh j?. GkJh f;Zy' fJj eko
;/tk tkb/, T[rokjhnK eoB tkb/, bzro ubkT[D tkb/, (b'eK bJh)
gkmK dhnK bVhnK ubkT[D tkb/, nodk;K eoB tkb/, wzso ikg
eokT[D tkb/, nPhotkdK d/D tkb/, bzw/ u'fbnK tkb/, soQK soQK d/
(Xkowe) ;Kr XkoB tkb/, mZr jB, iK wzrs/ jB. fJjBK s'A pue/
ofjDk j?. gktB pkDh dk j[ew j? ^
c;fb njkVh J/e[ Bkw[, ;ktDh ;u[ BkT[]
w? wjd{d[ (gNk) fbykfJnk y;w? e? dfo ikfJ]
d[BhnK e/ do e/sV/, e/s/ nktfj ikfj]
e/s/ wzrfj wzrs/, e/s/ wzfr wzfr ikfj] (1286)
fBozekfo i' oj? ;wkfJ ] ekj/ Ghfynk wzrfD ikfJ] (953)
j/ GkJh ` w?A jkVh dh c;b (jkVh^ngq?b wJh ftu fsnko j'D
tkbh c;b ns/ ;ktDh ;szpo nes{po ftu fsnko j'D tkbh c;b)
B/e ihtB B{z pDk fbnk j?. ;ktDh dh c;b Gh w/ok ;tZS ihtB jh
j?. w? fBozeko s'A gNk (bkJh;z;) b? fbnk j?. fJ; soQK y;w d/ do
s/ w?A gotkB j' iktKrk. d[BhnK ftu pV/ b'e jB. T[jBK d/ pj[s
ihtB okj jB. fJ; soQK ;z;ko dk izwDk woDk pfDnk jh ofjzdk j?.
(75)

fJ; d[BhnK ftu wzrfsnK dhnK XkVk jh s[ohnK fcodhnK jB. e'Jh
wzr fgB e/ g/N g{osh eo fojk j?, e'Jh wzrfsnK tkbh fizdrh fpsk
e/ ;z;ko s'A e{u eo iKdk j?. nfij/ b'e wB eoe/ ed/ Gh BjhA oid/
. ;fsr[o{ j'o ;wMkT[Ad/ jB^
feS[ g[zB dkB nB/e eoDh, Bkfw s[fb B ;w;o/]
BkBek fiB Bkw[ fwfbnk, eow[ j'nk X[fo ed/](565)
j/ GkJh ` b'eh eJh sohfenK BKb g[zB dkB eod/ jB.
nB/e gqekoh Xkowe gfjokt/ gkT[Ad/ jB. eJh ;kohnK o;wK ohsK
f;ykT[Ad/ jB. fiBQK ftneshnK B{z Bkw (r[o{ dh ws) fwb frnk,
T[jBK s/ oZp dh g{oh go;zBsk j' rJh. wkB' X[o dk gotkBk T[jBK
B{z fwb frnk.
r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ jdkfJs ehsh ;h fe f;Zy, fJB;kBhns d/
Gb/ fjs, “d;tzX” d/t/rk dkB BjhA. dkB d/ ftuko fgZS/, gkg dk
;zebg S[fgnk j'fJnk j?. Gkt fe “gkgK dk Gko T[skoB bJh dkB
eo'.@ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ d;tzX ftu'A feb/ pDkJ/, c"iK oZyhnK. y{j
brtkJ/ ;q'to g[NtkJ/. G[ZfynK bJh bzro ubkJ/, dtkykB/ y'jb/.
b'Vtzd gqtkoK dh ;jkfJsk ehsh. Xow;kbk B{z ftfdnk d/ e/Ado pDk
fdsk, fiE'A ihtB d/ jo gfjb{ dh, ;[uZih f;ybkJh fwbdh oj/. r[o{
;kfjp B/ d;tzX tkbh “nwkBs ftu fynkBs” BjhA j'D fdsh.
xZN frDsh xZN ;kXB j'D d/ pkti{d, f;Zy e"w j?okBe[B s/ih Bkb nZr/
tXh ;h. ;wK gke/ fiZE/ Xow gquko tb'A f;Zy w[yh e"w B{z wzMXko ftu
v'pD bZr gJ/. T[E/ jh f;Zy w[yh d;tzX (G/Nk nkfd) dh oew B{z pVh
p/Powh Bkb vekoB bZr gJ/. ;q'wDh ew/Nh torh p/i'V ;z;Ek,
d[BhnK ftu j'o fe;/ e'b BjhA j?. ;oXk ;fjs fdZsk g?;k, nro
;[:'r sohe/ gzE dh uVdh ebk bJh tofsnk iKdk, sK gzE dh
nZi tkbh d[odPk ed/ Bk j[zdh. fsnkr dk Y"Ar eoB tkb/ f;Zy
;kX s/ gqukoe, i/ gzikj gqshPs Gh fsnkr dk ;p{s d/ e/ wB[ysk
d/ Gb/ tkb/ ekoi T[bhe b?Ad/, f;ZyK dh ;fEsh fJzBh ed/ Bk
fBxodh. i/ gqpzXe gzikj gqsh;s Gh fJwkBdkoh Bkb gzEe
ekoiK s/ g?;k youd/ ofjzd/, sK ;kvh ntZ; uVdh ebk j'Dh ;h.
(76)

i/ eEktkue (gqukoe s/ b/ykoh) 50# ;Zu pbd/ s/ fbyd/ ofjzd/
, sK ;[Zs/ gzE B/ io{o ikr g?Dk ;h.
r[o{ BkBe pkpk ih B/ fJe ;oekoh nc;o wbe Gkr' B{z
;ys fcNeko gkJh ;h. feT[Afe T[j N?e; okjhA fJeZm/ ehs/ g?;/ B{z b'e
GbkJh s/ you eoB dh Ekt/A, ngDh n?; gq;sh bJh T[vkT[Adk ;h.
fco “gkg” T[skoB bJh T[; XB ftu'A, y[Zb/ jZE ‘dkB’ eodk ;h.
;fsr[o{ s'A fJj pqdkPs Bk j'fJnk. rohpK dk y{B fBu'V e/, dkB dk y/
yD eoBk d[ik tZvk X'yk j?. j'o pj[s ftukoK j'JhnK wbe Gkr'
Bkb. fJe Ppd fJ; goEkJ/ fJT[A doi j?^
je gokfJnk BkBek, T[; ;{no[ T[;[ rkfJ]
r[o[ gho[ jkwk sk Go/, ik w[odko[ B ykfJ]
rbh fG;fs B ikJhn?, S[N? ;u[ ewkfJ]
wkoD gkfj jokw wfj, j'fJ jbkb[ B ikfJ]
BkBe rbh e{VhJh e{V' gb? gkfJ] (141)
j/ GkJh ` gokfJnk jZe y'je/ ykDk, w[;bwkBK bJh ;{o d/
wk; s[b j?. fjzd{nK bJh rT{ d/ wk; ykD pqkpo j?. e'Jh r[o{ gho
nfijk w[odko (gokfJnk jZe) ykD dh nfrnk BjhA d/ ;edk. B/e ihtB
s'A fpBK e/tb rbh pkshA ;[or (pfj;s) ftu Bjh ik ;ehdk. gkg
eowk s'A S[Nekok eoBk s/ ;Zu d/ wkor s/ ubDk jh n;b ihtB j?.
jokw tkbh ewkJh ftu i/ tXhnk w;kb/ nkfd gk e/ fsnko eohJ/ sK
T[j jZe jbkb BjhA pD ikt/rh. fJ; soQK co/p ehfsnk e[M jZE gZb/
BjhA nkT[Dk. fJj ;G sK e[co jh e[co, s/ jokw dh ewkJh wzfBnk
ikt/rk. n? ;z;ko d/ b'e'. mZrhnK wkoe/, M{m p'be/, rohpK dk y{B
fBu'V e/ gkg dh ekwJh ftu'A e[M dkB g[zB eoe/, e[M wzso gkm gVe/
, Xowh BjhA pD ;e'r/. ;r'A s[;hA ngD/ jh ;wki B{z, o;ksb ftu
roe eo oj/ j'. j'o gV'^
u{ek rT[D[ fwfNk nzfXnko[] r[fo fdybkfJnk w[efs d[nko[]
p?o fpo'X S/d/ G? Gowk] gqfG g[zfB nksw? ehB/ Xowk]@ (1348)
j/ GkJh ` nktkrT[D s/ GNeD w[Ze rJh j?. nfrnkBsk dk
jB/ok ysw j' frnk j?.
(77)

;fsr[o{ ih B/ frnkB d/ e/, “w[esh dk okj” ;wMk fdZsk.
wB nzdo'A t?o fto'X ns/ ;ko/ vo G? ysw j' rJ? jB. fBozeko ih
B/ “g[zB” dh ftXh d; fdsh. wB nkswk fteko ofjs j' rJ/. n;bh
Xow fet/A ewkJhdk j?. uzrh soQK gsk ub frnk j?.
g[zB dkB nB/e fefonk, ;kX{ ;zfr ;wkfJ]
skg ;zskg fwN/ BkBe, pj[fV ekb[ B ykfJ] (1300)
j/ GkJh ` g[zB dkB eoe/ Xowh j'D dk Gow gkb b?Dk, B
;wMh j?. nfij/ gkyzv eow Gkt/A e'Jh fizB/ woih eo bt/, fe;/ b/
y/ ftu BjhA jB. ;kX{ (r[o{) dh ;zrs ftu'A gqkgs j'fJnk T[sw frnkB
jh wB[Zy bJh efbnkDekoh j?. r[o{ dh nBw'b f;fynk Bkb jo soQK
d/ o'r ;'r fwN iKd/ jB. nkswe nt;Ek fJzBh pbtkB j' iKdh j? fe
w"s dk vo Gh w[Ze iKdk j?.
nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?, nebh gkJhn? wkB]
nebh gV e? p[Mhn?, nebh ehu? “dkB”]
BkBe nky? okj[ J/j[, j'o rbk ;?skB{] (1245)
;sh gjoh ;s Gbk pjhn? gfVnk gkf;]
UE? “gkg g[zB[” phukohn? e{V? xN? okf;]
UE? y'N/ ;Nhnfj, yo/ ehufj ;kpkf;]
p'bD ckdb[ BkBe, d[y[ ;[y[ y;w? gkf;] (146)
r[o{ nZr/ sK f;o (nkgDk nkgk) tkoBk g?Adk j?. fit/A
;fsr[o{ j[ew eoB T[;/ soQK ihtB pshs eoBk j[zdk j?. r[otke jB^
BkBe ;/te[ ;'Jh nkyhn?, i' f;o[ Xo/ T[skfo]
;fsr[o ek GkDk wzfB bJ/, ;pd[ oy? T[oXkfo] (1247)
(78)

;G s/ tvk ;fsr[o[ BkBe[HHHHH`
nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ ih B/ feogk eoe/, nB/e d[ZyK ftu
ftbe oj/ ihtK dh, X[o fjod/ ftu'A T[FZmh ;w{je j{e ;[De/, ;theko
ehsh. ;kohnK pyfPPK ofjwsK d/ yikB/, ns/ swkw PeshnK godkB
eoe/, ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ƒ Xosh s/ gqekPwkB j'D dh nkfrnk
ehsh. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJE/ d[yh ihtK dh ;dht efbnkD tk;s/, pj[s
rzGhosk Bkb ;'u ftuko ehsh. g{o/ t?d ;fsr[o{ ih B/, o'rh ;wki ƒ
no'rsk pyf;D fjs, ;dk szdo[;s ofjD d/ ekoro B[\;/ ;[MkJ/.
wBZ[y, wB eoe/ ns/ sB eoe/, ;[yh ihtB pshs eo/. Gkt/A eJh
tkoh fJe wkfjo iokj dh fBnkJhA BPso tose/, o'rh dk rfbnk
;fVnk ;oho dk fjZ;k Gh eZNDk feT[A Bk g? ikt/. fJj ;[Xkotkdh
f;b;bk d' ;" shj ;kb sZe fBozso ubdk fojk. feT[Afe ;wki ƒ bZr
u[Ze/ o'r, pj[s fGnkBe ;B. eohp fJe jIko ;kb s'A g[Ps do
g[Ps, ;w[Zu/ ;wki ƒ, y'ybk eo u[Ze/ ;B. fJ; bJh fJbki Gh bzw/ok
ns/ pj[s n"yk ;h. g{o/ t?d ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/, fiBQK
ftXhnK, YzrK Bkb wkBf;e ns/ ;ohoe o'rK dk T[guko ehsk, n;kX
o'r d{o eoe/ szdo[;sh py;h, T[jBK dh fJe fJe eoe/, ;zy/g ftuko
ehsh ik ojh j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ehs/ T[gekoK dh frDsh eoBh n;zGt
j?. pZ; s[ZS p[ZXh w[skpe i' u/s/ ftu nkfJnk fby fdsk. fJjBK
fbyhnK rJhnK e[M ;soK ftu ;kc ;gPN BIo nkt/rk fe ^
frnkB[ fXnkB[ feS[ eow[ Bk ikDk, ;ko B ikDk s/oh..
;G s/ tvk ;fsr[o[ BkBe[ fifB eb okyh w/oh] (750)
fJE'A d/ nkw b'eK ƒ, gow/Po d/ BK s/, Xow dk u'bk gfjB
e/, ;dhnK s'A b[ZNhdK nk fojk j?. b'eh nfrnkB t;, e{V gouko ƒ
;Zu wzBe/, rb Bkb bkJh fcod/ jB. egbs d/th d/tfsnK dhnK
w{sohnK pDtke/, fPzrko e/, Xow wzdoK ftu ;Ekgs eotke/ T[jBK
gZEoK dh g{ik eotkJh iKdh ojh. ;zx gkV gkV e/ T{uh ;[o ftu j'ek
fdsk frnk^ “n? b'e' fXnkB Bkb ;[D'` fJj s[jkv/ ;Bw[y oZyh
w{osh GrtkB j?, fJj s[jkvk b'e gqb'e ;ztko/rh. PoXk ;fjs
(79)

fJ; dh g{ik eo', fJ; nZr/ ehwsh G/Nk oy'HHHHH.” f;ZX/ ;kd/ b'eK
fJ; Sbkt/ ƒ, ;s puB eoe/, gqtkB eo fbnk. w{osh ƒ GrtkB
;wMe/, T[; nZr/ ;G e[M nogD eo fdsk.
Sbhnk g[ikoh }ohpK dh y{B g;hB/ dh ;koh ewkJh vekodk
frnk. ubke g[ikohnk B/ G'b/ b'eK s'A eKtK eZ[fsnK dh, ;ZgK ;{oK dh,
nDfrDs g;{ gzShnK dh g{ik eotkJh. gZEoK gjkVK, uzd, ;{oi,
Xosh, jtk, gkDh, fd;dhnK s/ nDfd;dhnK, ;ZG' PeshnK dh g{ik
eoB dk j[ew d/ fdZsk. i'o P'o Bkb gqukfonk frnk, p; i' e[M
s[jkƒ fejk frnk j? fJjh eo', fJ;/ ftu s[jkvk Gbk, ns/ ;tor
b[fenk j'fJnk j?. iok rfjokJh Bkb ;'u'` wB[Zy r[DK eoe/ ;ko/ iht
izsK Bkb'A P'qwDh j?. id'A fJj Pq'wDh wB[Zy, e[Zs/, y's/, eK iK ;{o nZr/
jZE i'Ve/ yb'sk, fwzBsK sob/ eo fojk j't/, g[ZsoK dh dks, XB
gdkoE ns/ fIzdrh d/ ;ko/ ;[yK dh, fJjBK ihtK s'A ukjBk eo fojk
j't/, eh T[d'A T[j fJB;kB nytkT[D dk jZedko Gh ofj iKdk j? < T[j
sK gP{ ihtB s'A Gh BhtK ubk frnk, i' gP{nK nZr/ wB'ekwBktK tk;s/
sob/ eo fojk j?. ;dhnK sZe i[bw dh uow ;hwk sZe fJjh e[M Bk
;wM b'eK dh M'bh gkfJnk frnk. epho ;kfjp ih ƒ fJ; gkg eow
d/ fybkc ntki p[bzd eod/, pkDh ftu'A ;[fDnk ik ;edk j? ^
“jw r'o{ s[w r[nko r[;kJh iBw iBw oytko/]
epj{z B gkfo T[skfo uokfJj[, e?;/ y;w jwko/]” (482)
p; fco eh ;h, wkB' r'o{ ns/ r[nkoK dh g[eko ;[D$gqtkB
eoe/, “r[o{ BkBe ir wkfj gmkfJnk]” (GkLr[) ekwb r[o{,
d[yhnK d/ d[yV/ joB tkb/, wjkB ofjpo B/ pV/ jh fgnko Go/ sohe/
Bkb, nB/e dbhbK d/ e/, G'b/ b'eK ƒ gP{nK gzShnK, o[ZyK fpoyK, p[ZsK
s/ ntskoK tZb'A, gkyzvh ftu'fbnK tZb'A, wB[Zy wkso ƒ w'Ve/, nekb
g[oy ih d/ frnkB Bkb i'fVnk. uzrh soQK fJj ;wMk fdZsk fe ;GBK
ƒ g?dk eoB tkbk, o'ih foie d/D tkbk, b'e gqb'e ftu nB/e
pyfPPK eoB tkbk s/ nzs ;w/A b/yk i'yk eoB tkbk, e/tb s/ e/tb
fgsk tkfjr[o{ j?, j'o e'Jh BjhA. T[;/ dk Bkw f;woD ehsk ikt/. T[j
fe;/ dkB g[zB, iZr j'w iK fo;ts dk G[Zyk BjhA j?. ;G/ gdkoE T[;/
(80)

B/ g?dk ehs/ jB, n;hA T[; ƒ e[ZM Gh d/ ;eD d/ ;woE BjhA jK. p;
T[;d/, fgnko ftu fGZie/, sB wB Bkb, r[D rkJ/ ikD. ;[uZik ihtB
ihftnk ikt/.
B ;{o ;f; wzvb'] B ;gs dhg Bj ib']
nzB gT[D fEo B e{Jh] J/e s{Jh J/e s{Jh] (144)
wB[Zy wkso d/ ihtB ftu gbNk nkT[Dk P[o{ j' frnk. nB/e
g{ik ns/ ntskotkd dh r[bkwh trkj wkoh. ;jh wkfjfBnK ftu
;opebk ;woE ;op PeshwkB tkfjr[o{ d/ nB[nkJh pDB dh w[Ybh
iku f;yk fdsh.
“;'bj ebk ;zg{oB cfbnk]
nBzs ebk j'fJ mke[o[ ufVnk” (1081)
nrbk ezw i' ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ehsk T[j fJj ;h, T{u Bhu dh
bkjDs ƒ, wB[Zysk d/ rb'A bkj[Dk. iks gks d/ ftseo/ B/ wB[Zy iksh
dk pj[s B[e;kB ehsk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ roith nktki ftZu Bkjok
p[bzd ehsk ^
“iksh d? fenk jfE ;u[ goyhn?]
wj{ok j't? jfE wohn? uyhn?]” (142)
fJ; d/; Gkos ftu gP{nK gzShnK ƒ g{fink iKdk j?. wzdoK
d/ nzdo pKdoK u{fjnK ;ZgK ƒ dkyb j'D dh fJikis j?. oZp d/ ikJ/
wB[Zy nytkT[Ad/ P{doK ƒ, dkyb j'D dh nkfrnk BjhA j?. ;r'A oZp dh
;zskB wB[ZyK ƒ Bcos ehsh iKdh j?. iksh gksh d/ d[PNsk Go/ ftuko
B/, wB[Zyh GkJhuko/ ƒ bho' bho eoe/ oZy fdsk. fJe pj[s tZv/ ;wki
ƒ, wB[Zy wzBD s'A jh fJBeko ehsk frnk. T[jBK dh fJZis nkpo{ sK
popkd ehsh jh rJh, pbfe ;ko/ wB[Zyh nfXeko y'j bJ/ rJ/. fiT[D
d/ ;kXB jfEnk bJ/, ftZfdnk s'A tKM/ eo fdZs/ rJ/. fpBk wId{oh
fdZfsnK vzv/ d/ i'o, trkoK eotkJhnK. ;dhnK s'A jh Xow d/ BK s/,
fJj x'o nfsnkuko j[zdk nk fojk j?. gfjbh tko irs r[o{ pkpk ih
B/, fJjBK d/ jZe ftu nktkI T[mkJh. epho i[bkj/, Bkwd/t ShApk,
;?D BkJh, ;XBk e;kJh, oftdk; ih uwko s/ ;/y cohd w[;bwkB ƒ
nkgD/ Bkb pDdk :'r ;fseko sK fdsk jh, ;r'A pqkjwDk ƒ, fJjBK
(81)

ny"sh BhftnK d/ Bkb, fJZe' esko ftu fpmk fdZsk. id'A pqkjwD tb'A
d[oeko/ wjKg[oyK dh oZph ouBk ƒ nkgD/ e'b ;KfGnk, sK Bkb' Bkb
gqwkBzd, okwkBzd, i?d/t ih nkfd pqkjwDK dh pkDh, ns/ nkT[D tkb/
;w/A ftu frnkoK GZN (pqkjwD) Gh fJjBK d/ Bkb jh fpokiwkB j'J/.
;ko/ fJZe' gqtko d/ w?Apo, fJZe' fgsk d/ g[Zso, B/eh ns/ fwmk; tzvD
tkb/. iBw iks eoe/ fe;/ ƒ tZvk S'Nk gqtkB BjhA ehsk frnk. r[DK
dh edo ehsh rJh.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJe Bt/eb/ ;KM/ GkJhuko/ dh BhAj oZy fdsh.
fi; ftu iks r's iK nwhoh rohph ekoB fe;/ Bkb gZygks BK ehsk
ikt/. id'A fgsk ;kfonK dk fJZe j't/ sK n"bkd T[u/ Bht/ j'D dk n?bkB
fet/A eo ;e/rh <
ikfs ek rop[ B efo w{oy rtkok..
fJ;[ rop s/ ubfj pj[s ftekok.. (1128)
fJZe gk;/ ikpo skes s/ BP/ ftu nzB/ j' u[Ze/, w[;bwkB jkew
;B. d{i/ pzB/ ekfJosk ftu roe j'J/ jZd doi/ d/ gkyzvh fjzd[;skBh
;B. d'tK fXoK dh fJe d{i/ Bkb e'Jh ;KM BjhA ;h. fJZe ekco s/ d{i/
wb/S. fJe g{op dk g[ikoh d{ik gZSw tZb f;idk eoB tkbk. fJe
gZEo g{ie d{ik p[s fPeB (s'VB tkbk) . fJe rT[ oyPe d{ik rT{
GyPe. fJe b[N/ok d{ik bZ[fNnk ikD tkbk. fJe ikpo d{ik wib{w.
nkg; ftu e'Jh ;KM BjhA, B|os jh B|os. N[ZN/ j'fJnK ƒ i'VB
tkb/ wjkB ;fsr[o{ ih B/, d'tK fXoK ftueko fJe g[b dk ezw ehsk.
d'tK ƒ ;fjBPhbsk dk gkm gVQkfJnk. d'tK dhnK y{phnK dh gq;z;k
ehsh, n"r[Dk fto[ZX MkVMzp ehsh. nwbh ihtB s'A ykbh, wB[Zyh ihtB
iK Xow dk ftyktk fe;/ ezw BjhA. ek|h jZd se B|os xNkJh, fjzd{
w[;bwkB ;fsr[o{ ih d/ PoXkb{ f;Zy pD/. wodkBk ih dh fJe T[xVth
fw;kb gosZy j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D tes d'tK fXoK B/
ftobkg ehsk. w[;bwkBk nkfynk ;kvk gho ;h, fjzd{nK fejk ;kvk
r[o{ ;h. ;z;eko d/ w;b/ s/ sbyh pj[s tX rJh. r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp
ih d/ “i[rsh” toskT[D s/ d't/A fXoK B/ fJe ukdo nZX' nZXh gkV
bJh, s/ nZv' nZv sohfenK Bkb nzsw o;wK ehshnK. d'tK fXoK B/
(82)

;fsr[o{ ih dhnK ngZDs Bkb :kdrkoK pDkJhnK, i' nZi she
eoskog[o fty/ (gkfe;skB) w"i{d jB. d[BhnK ftu nZi sZe fJj'
fijk e'Jh wjKg[oy g?dk BjhA j'fJnk, fi;ƒ d' fto'Xh ftukoK tkb/
nkgDk ikDe/ g{iD. fJjh sK j? ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;G s'A tZvk j'D dk
gosZy ;p{s.
“pkpk BkBe Pkj ceho. fjzd{ ek r[o{ w[;bwkB ek gho.”
d[BhnK ftu fe;/ wjKg[oy B/ goT[geko dh GktBk sfjs,
fJsB/ bzw/ gouko d"o/ BjhA ehs/. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ g{o/ J/Phnk wjKdhg
dk GowD eofdnK brGr ukbh jIko feb' whNo ;|o s?j ehsk.
nkgDh fIzdrh dk fpjsohB ;wK nefj s/ n;fj w[PebK MbfdnK
pshs ehsk. u'oK mZrK, vke{nK b[N/fonK s/ iotkD/ pkdPkjK ƒ, tZv/
yso/ ;j/V e/ Gh f;ZX/ okj gkT[D dk T[geko ehsk. fpwkoh dh
nt;Ek ftu wohi ƒ t?d e'b fbikfJnk iKdk j?. nro o'rh t?d$
vkeNo e'b ikD s'A jh w[Beo j' ikt/, nkgD/ nkg ƒ wohi wzBD s'A
jh BKj eo d/t/ iK nkgD/ o'r ƒ bkfJbki wzB bt/, T[; jkbs ftu
fJbki eoBk pj[w n"yk j?. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp, t?dK d/ wjK t?d,
bkfJbki o'rhnK ƒ szdo[;s eoB tk;s/, y[d uZbe/ T[jBK d/ do s/
rJ/. T[jBK ƒ fgnko Bkb nfj;k; eotkfJnk fe s[;hA o'rh Io{o
j', go o'r bkfJbki BjhA j?. s[;hA dZ;hnK rJhnK ftXhnK okjhA
fJbki eotkT[ s/ y[PhnK y/fVnK Gog{o no'r ihtB iht'. fiZE/ fes/
Gh e'Jh wkBf;e o'rh ;h, ;fsr[o{ ih T[u/u/ isB eoe/, T[E/ jh g[Zi/.
gfjbK fjzd{ shoEK dk d"ok ehsk, fco i'rhnK tZb, fjwkbk gops s/
g[Zi/. fJe j'o fpyw :ksok wZe/ tZb dh ehsh. bzek uhB o{;, fsZps
fBgkb ns/ nop w[beK dk ftiJh gouko$goT[gekoh d"ok ehsk.
fJ; soQK ;fsr[o{ ih B/, jo b'VhAdh irQk g[Zie/, nkgD/ gftZso puBk
okjhA, wB[Zy wkso ƒ ;Zu Xow d/ wkor s/ N[oB dh gq/oBk ehsh.
“;[Dh nodkf; ;[nkwh w/o? ;op ebk pfD nkJh]
gqrN GJh ;rb/ i[r nzsfo r[o BkBe eh tfvnkJh](611)
d[BhnK ftu ;fsr[o{ BkBe ih gfjb/ wjKg[oy ;B, fizBQK
n"os dh ghVk ƒ wfj;{; ehsk. ns/ wB[Zy d/ pokpo nfXeko
(83)

fdtkT[D bJh nktki T[mkJh. gfjbK i' Gh Xkowe ofjpo ;z;ko s/
nkJ/, T[jBK Gh fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu n"os dh r[bkwh ƒ j'o gZfenK
ehsk. ;dhnK s'A g?oK EZb/ fbskVh iKdh ojh, f;;ehnK Godh ojh,
ngwkB Gfonk Boeh ihtB fiT[D bJh wip{o ehsh rJh. wB[y dh
iBBh wK G?D, Xh ns/ gsBh j'D d/ pkti{d, T[;ƒ fcNekfonk frnk.
xo dh uko dhtkoh ftu e?d ehsk frnk. fBZeh pkbVh ƒ tZvh T[wo
tkb/ ftneshnK Bkb BofVnk frnk. ;sh torh ikbwkBk o;w
d[nkok gsh Bkb fuyk ftu ;V woB bJh wIp{o ehsk frnk. i/ e'Jh
;sh j'D s'A pu jh rJh sK fIzdrh Go d{ik ftnkj eokT[D s'A toi
fdZsk frnk. nDgV oZyDh s/ gVdk eoBk, fe;/ wB[Zy Bkb rZbpks
Gh Bk eoB d/Dh. fJj ;G i[bw fJ;soh fgzv/ s/ Mbdh ojh.
pkxD BkrD vkfJD s/ g?o dh i[Zsh se nkyD' fe;/ Pow Bk
ehsh.
ikfJdkd ftu'A e'Jh fjZ;k Bk d/Dk, id'A ih ukj/ nkdwh, fe;/
e[Zs/ fpZb/ tKr, pKj cVe/ xo'A pkjo eZY d/t/, do do dhnK m'eoK
ykD bJh. xN xN ftZu tkfjr[o{ dk ij{o t/yD tkb/, fdnkb{ fgsk
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp fJj nfsnkuko j[zdk t/y fet/ ykw'P ofj ;ed/ ;B
< T[jBK P/o roi Bkb w[pkoe puB T[ukoB ehsk ^
Gzfv izwhn? Gzfv fBwhn?, Gzfv wzrD[ thnkj[..
Gzvj[ j't? d';sh Gzvj[ ub? okj[..
Gzv[ w[nk Gzv[ Gkbhn? Gzfv j't? pzXkB[..
;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB..
Gzvj[ jh Gzv[ T[gi? Gzv? pkM[ B e'fJ..
BkBe Gzv? pkjok J/e' ;uk ;'fJ..
fis[ w[fy ;dk ;kbhjhn? Gkrk osh ukfo..
BkBe s/ w[y T{ib/ fss[ ;u? dopkfo..
HHHwzdk fe;? B nkyhn? gfV nyo[ J/j' p[Mhn?..
w{oy? Bkfb B b[Mhn?.. (473)
bzw/ ;w/A s'A Xow d/ Bkw j/m, gqubs j' u[ZehnK ohsK o;wK
ƒ, i'odko sohe/ o'fenk. xo dh uko dhtkoh s'A pkjo nkT[D dh
(84)

fJikis fdZsh. fJ; y[Zbh fcIk ftu ;kj b? e/, f;Zy n"osK wodK Bkb
edw fwbk e/ uZbD d/ ;woE pD ;ehnK. Bkw igD, ;/tk eoB s'A
b?e/ f;Zy fJ;sohnK P;so ;ike/, x'V/ s/ ;tko j'e/, d[PwD d/ nkj{
bj[zdhnK ojhnK. wB[Zy dh nZXh npkdh (n"os) ƒ nZr/ tXD s'A o'eD
dk wsbp j? nkgDhnK iVK nkg/ tZYDhnK. GftZy ƒ spkj eoBk,
toswkB ƒ ;[nkj eoBk. wjkB ;fsr[o{ ih B/ sK gzi ;" ;kb gfjbK
;hb ;ziw dh g[sbh, frq;s dk Ezw, fgnko s/ e'wbsk dh ;keko w{os,
tckdko ihtB ;kEh (n"os) d/ jZe ftu fJBebkph ftuko ;z;ko
;Bw[y oZy/ ;B. nZi d/ ftfrnkBe :[r ftu Gh, pj[s ;ko/ Bk ;wM,
ikjb b'e pkb ezfBnktK ƒ iBw s'A Gh gfjbK esb eo d/D d/, gkg
eow eo oj/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gekoK bJh fJ;soh ƒ ;G s'A tX
T[jBK dk XzBtkdh j'Dk ukjhdk j?.
;/ XBtzs fd;fj xfo ikfJ] BkBe iBBh XzBh wkfJ](1257)
Bkoh g[oy[, g[oy[ ;G Bkoh, ;G J/e' g[oy w[oko/](983)
;fsr[o{ pkpk ih B/ tkfjr[o{ d/ Bt/A BktK ftu “eosko s/
eoskg[oy” pj[s tkoh tos/ jB. eosko dk noE j?, f;q;Nh
pDkT[D tkbk. eosk g[oy dk wsbp j? ekfJBks pDke/ fJ; nzdo
ftuoB tkbk. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp d/ fJjBK BktK ftu'A ;kc BIo nk
fojk j?, fe gow/Po ftjbk BjhA p?mk. T[j f;qPNh pDk e/ ;zGkb fojk
j?. oZp ih fefonkPhb jB. id'A gqG{ ftjbk BjhA j?, sK fJB;kB
ftjbk s/ wyZN{ feT[A oj/ < ftjb/ dk wkD ;fseko feT[A j't/ <
pdfe;wsh Bkb fJ; d/; ftu ekfwnK feoshnK ƒ P{do nkye/
d[oekfonk iKdk j?. d{finK dh feos ewkJh s/ gbD tkfbnK ƒ
g{fink iKdk j?. fe;kB y/sh eodk, ;G dk g/N Godk j?. egkj
phidk, r'vh eodk, gkDh bkT[Adk, okyh eodk j?, c;b fsnko j'D s/
xo fbnkT[Adk j?. T[; ftu'A ;[ek, t/b, fgzR e/, ;{s eZfsnk s/ eZgVk
p[fDnk frnk. eZgV/ dh ozrkJh SgkJh s/ f;bkJh ehsh rJh. gfjBD
:'r fsnko j'D s/ fJ;ƒ sB s/ ;ikT[D tkbk (pqkjwD) T{u iksh g{iD
i'r pD p?mdk j?. go fwjBs w[PZes eoe/ fJE'A sZe g[ukD tkb/ P{do
rodkB/ rJ/, x'o gkg. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ Xow dh feos y[d ehsh, s/
(85)

f;ZyK ƒ eoB dh jdkfJs ehsh. fJ;/ ekoB ;z;ko ftu fiE/ f;Zy rJ/
jB, nkgDh fwjBs Bkb ekw:kp j'J/ jB. e'Jh f;Zy fGykoh sK T[FZek
BjhA fwb/rk. r[owfs d/ w[Yb/ n;{bK ftu doi j? fe f;Zy B/ Bkw
igDk, Xow dh feos eoBh, s/ tzve/ SeDk j?. ;kfjp ih B/ iks
ekoB fe;/ ƒ ftP/P ;BwkB BjhA fdsk, pbfe r[Dk dh edo ehsh j?.
f;Zy Xow feosh ekfwnK dk Xow j?, ftjbVK w[csy'oK bJh fJ;
Xow ftu e'Jh EK BjhA. “feos ftos efo Xow dh jE'A d? e? Gbk
wBkJ/”] (GkLr[) fJ;/ bJh sK pkDh ftu doi j?L^
“T[dw eo/fdnK ihT[ s{z ewktfdnK ;[y G[zu[]
fXnkfdnk s{z gqG{ fwb[ BkBe T[soh fus]” (522)
r[o{ xo ftu Bkw igDk s/ igkT[Dk nsh T[FZsw wzfBnk frnk
j?. f;Zy bJh Bkw dk wsbp j? r[opkDh dh ;wM. r[opkDh ftukofdnK
ihtB i[rsh gqkgs j[zdh j?. pkDh gVfdnK e[dos ns/ ekdo pko/
frnkB gqkgs j[zdk j?. r[opkDh d[nkok Gb/ p[o/ dh, jZe ;Zu dh, B/eh
pdh dh gSkD j[zdh j?. nekbg[oy Bkb fbtbhBsk ftu'A, ;fsr[o{ ih
ƒ r[opkDh nkt/; j'Jh. fJ; X[o eh pkDh ƒ T[jBK nkgDh j:ksh ftu
jh, ebwpzd eoe/ ;KG fbnk. fwbktN j'D d/ ;ko/ ysfonK s'A puk
fbnk. tkfjr[o{ ih dk Bkw fJe gkto jkT{; dh fBnkJh j?, fiE'A
ifrnk;{ ƒ ;'Mh ns/ Pesh gqkgsh j[zdh j?. wB dk u?B s/ nkswk bJh
w[esh, Bkw jh d/ ;edk j?. ;ko/ d[yK s/ t;heoD, ;[yK dh gqkgsh,
y[PhnK y/V/ Bkw ftu'A y'ihd/ jB. id'A Bkw igfdnK, ;tZS s/ B/e
ihtB fiT[AfdnK, e'Jh fJB;kB r[DtkB j' iKdk ;h, T[; tes ;fsr[o{
ih T[;ƒ Bkw igkT[D (Xow gqukoe) dh fizw/tkoh ;"Agfdnk eod/
;B. fJjBK Gb/ g[oyK dh ;zrs, ns/ T[FZsw T[gd/P ;[De/ b'eh tZvh
frDsh ftu r[owfs ƒ XkoB eo oj/ ;B. goT[geko dh GktBk fjZs
uzr/oh f;Zfynk d/Dh nfrnkBsk dk jB/ok eZN d/Dk, r[o{ uoBK Bkb i'V
d/Dk, pj[s tZvh ;/tk j?. nfij/ B/e s"o sohfenK d/ iBw dksk ;B
;fsr[o{ ih.
“T[fJ g[oy[ gqkDh XzB[ iB jfj T[gd/P eofj goT[gekohnk]
jfo Bkw[ fdqVktfj jfo Bkw[ ;[Dktfj, jfo Bkw/ ir[ fB;skfonk]” (311)
(86)

XzB r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ` tzv SeD ƒ r[o{ xo ftu tZvk
wkD jk;b j?. tzve/ SeD dk wkD, T[;/ ƒ fwb ;edk j?, i' jZEhA feos
eodk j?. i' ftjbV ntkok j?, T[j eh tzve/ Se/rk < nkgD/ nkg
bJh, pZfunK bJh sK gP{ gzSh Gh pj[s y/ub eod/ jB. nkgD/ w{zj'A
rqkjh eZYe/ p'NK d/ w{zj gkT[Ad/ jB. fJj tzv SeD dh n;b s;tho
BjhA j?. tzv SeD dk Gkt j? nkgD/ fprkB/ dk G/d fwNke/, b'Vtzd
ftnesh dh b'V g{oh eoBh. nfj;kB eoe/ ngDk nkgk Bk iskT[Dk.
d{i/ ƒ jhDk iK BhtK Bk ;wMDk. e[M ftneshnK e'b XB dh pj[sks
j[zdh j?, T[j edh edkJh e[M d/Ad/ Bio Gh nkT[Ad/ jB. Gkt/A fJj fJe
P[G eow j?, b/feB fi; e'b gdkoE xZN s'A xZN j'D, n"y/ tes
b'VtzdK Bkb T[jBK ƒ tzv e/ ykJ/, fJj j? tzv SeDk. nkgD/ sB dk
eZgVk, jZE dh o'Nh sZe, d{i/ ƒ d/Dh tzv SeDk j?. wB ftu tZvgD
dk ro{o e'Jh Bk nkt/, fJjh j? n;bh r[owfs. fJ; B/e GktBk nXhB
;fsr[o{ ih B/ y[d b'VtzdK Bkb tzve/ Sfenk. T[jBK B{z g?oK s/ yV/
ehsk. id'A fgsk ih B/ yok ;"dk eoB bJh G/fink ;h, sK b'VtzdK ƒ
T[; o[g? Bkb bzro Sek fdZsk. Gkt/A fgsk ih dh ;ys Bkokirh Gh
;fjDh gJh. i' e[M Gh ;fsr[o{ ih e'b ;h, T[j ;dk jh tzvd/ oj/.
“e'fN s/sh; ikufj gqG BkfJe d/d/ s'fN Bkjh Gzvko]
T{X? GKv? eS[ B ;wkt? ;hX? nzfwqs[ go? fBjko]”(503)
wB[Zy wkso dh fJj pj[s tvh ewI'oh j?, fe T[j nkgD/ ;[y
pko/ jh ;'udk j?. tXe/ nkgD/ gqtko pko/. fe;/ j'o bzwh fBrkj
d[VkJh sK ngD/ GkJhuko/ pkps, fgzv d/; iK Xow GkJhnK pko/.
;w[Zu/ wB[Zy wkso d/ Gb/ bJh T[dw eoBk, d[y d{o eoB dh e'fPP
eoBh, nsh T[sw ;'u j?. roi ofjs, fpBk tkech ftnesh d/ Gb/
fjZs eZ[M y/ub eoBh jh ;opZs dk Gbk j?. wIp{oh t; nro n;hA
nwbh s"o s/ fe;/ dh wdd BjhA eo ;ed/, sK T[jBK pko/ ;[G
GktBktK sK oZy jh ;ed/ jK. ;fsr[o{ ih dh ofjB[wkJh ftu ;dhnK
s'A ykb;k gzE ;opZs d/ Gb/ fjZs, isB eodk nk fojk j?. fJ;/ ekoB
gzE ƒ tZvhnK w[;ebK ftu'A dh r[ioBk fgnk. i/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ fjZs,
ikB dh pkih sZe Gh bkT[Dh gJh, sK ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB, ns/ T[jBK d/
(87)

to';kJ/ f;ZyK tb'A gk;k BjhA tZfNnk frnk. sZsh sZth, fdZbh dk uKdBh
u"e, bkj"o dh xkj wzvh, xb{xko/HHHHHs/ j'o pj[s e[M ;opZs d/ Gb/
fjZs, p/roi j'e/ ehsk. fJ;/ bJh fJj wkD eoB i'r nZyo f;yK dh
nodk; dk nzr pD rJ/ ^
“BkBe Bkw uVdh ebk, s/o/ GkD/ ;opZs dk Gbk” (nodk;)
;fsr[o{ pkpk ih B/ nfij/ Bt/eb/ Xow dh BhAj oZyh, fi;ƒ
jo e'Jh fpBk o'e ;"fynK jh ngDk ;edk j?. gfjbK gqubs Xow
p; fJZe o;w pDe/ ofj rJ/ ;B. fJjBK ƒ Xow wzdoK se wfjd{d
eo fdsk frnk ;h. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ oZph fBnwK ƒ wzdoK dh tbrD
ftu'A eZYe/, fJ;ƒ ^
jfo ek wzdo[ ;oho[ nfs ;'jDk, jfo jfo Bkw[ fdV[.. (542)
ekfJnk wjb[ wzdo[ xo[ jfoek, fs; wfj okyh i'fs ngko[.. (1256)
“xo xo nzdo Xow;kb”^ dk doik fdsk. jo fJe d/
fjod/ se Xow d/ r[D g[id/ ehs/. ihtB ftu ;ko/ ekoi eofdnK
fJwkBdkoh, B/eh tuB gkbDk, fe;/ ƒ d[Zy Bk d/Dk, jZe Bk
wkoBkHHHHHfJjh sK jB Xow d/ r[D. p[ok ezw eoB bZr/ wB[Zy ;'u/, fe
w?ƒ tkfjr[o{ t/y fojk j?, T[;dh ;Zuh ndkbs ftZu, fJ;dk itkp d/Dk
gt/rk. r[o{ BkBe fgsk ih B/ nkgD/ ubkJ/ Xow ftu Pkwb j'D s/
fe;/ bJh o'e BjhA bkJh. nwho rohp, iK T{uh BhthA iks dk e'Jh
G/d BjhA oZfynk. fJ;soh g[oy ;ko/ jh pokpo GkJhtkb jB. p'bh
d/; r'o/ ekb/ dk e'Jh Gow BjhA ofjD fdZsk. e'Jh pzd; BjhA bkJh
rJh. fJ;dk gqsZy ;p{s j?, jo/e r[od[nkok, r[o{ xo uko dotki/,
u'Aj toBk bJh y[Zb/ jB. ;zrs gzrs ;kfonK bJh j?, fJe ;wkB. r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;kohnK iksK ƒ ;w{bhns py;e/, ;fsr[o{ ih tZb'A
fJZe pj[s T[uh fw;kb ekfJw eo fdZsh rJh. dZp/ e[ub/ b'e, iK ;wki
dh “ofjzd y{zjd”, fiBK ƒ ;dhnK s'A g?oK j/m fbskfVnk ik fojk ;h.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ nfijk ekoBkwk ehsk fe ;odkohnK pkdPkjhnK p\P
fdZshnK. ;h; s/ ski ;ik fdZs/. fiBk dh ;dhnK s'A fe;/ pKj BjhA
cVh ;h, T[jBK ƒ tZv/ o[sp/ nj[d/ gqkgs j'J/. pr?o fe;/ ftseo/ s'A,
;G ƒ fJe' fijk T[gd/P, fJe' fijk wkD s/ Xow ftu gqt/P eoB dk,
(88)

nzfwqs SeD dk pqkpo nfXeko fdsk.
“J/e fgsk J/e; e/ jw pkfoe s{z w/ok r[ojkJh]”(wHõ 611)
fp;o rJh ;G sks gokJh] ip s/ ;kX ;zrfs w'fj gkJh](1299)
fi; ;ZfGnsk ftu n;hA ftuo oj/ jK nZi Gh T[; ftu “;G
nZSk” BjhA j?. wB[Zy nkgD/ Gok wB[Zy s'A Bcos eo/, BhtK ;wM/
fJj x'o gkg j?. fJE/ sK wB[Zy wkso d/ goSkt/ iK T[;dh fdqPNh s'A
Gh b'eh fGZN/ iKd/ jB. nZi sZe fJ; ghoK ntskoK foPhnK w[BhnK
d/ Gkos ftu, Xow wzdo (

gftZso pkDh ƒ f;Zy Xow d/ wjkB rozE ftu ;fseko :'r n;EkB
fdZsk frnk. fiBK P{doK ƒ wzdoK d/ B/fVT[ bzxDk Gh wBk ;h, T[jBK
ƒ bZyK b'eh fBs fdB Bw;ekoK eod/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJ; eoe/
jo wkJh GkJh ƒ, fpBk ftseo/ gzrs s/ ;zrs ftu, Pkwb j'D dk
nfXeko j?. ;o'toK ftu jo e'Jh fJPBkB eo ;edk j?. r[o{ BkBe
pkpk ih B/ fJe' gotko d/ w?Apo ;kfonK ƒ pDk fdsk.
“j'fJ fJesq fwbj[ w/o/ GkJh, d[fpXk d{fo eoj[ fbt bkfJ]
jfo Bkw? e/ j'tj[ i'Vh r[ow[fy p?;j[ ;ck ftSkfJ]”(1185)
g[oksB ;fwnK s'A b? e/ nZi se fJjh toskok t/yD ƒ fwbdk
j? fe fi; fe;/ B/ J/esk d/ ;{so ftu go'J/ ik e/ nkgDh skes tXk
bJh, T[jh d{finK ƒ r[bkw pDkT[D, Xktk p'bD uZb fgnk. id'A nZr'A
e'Jh w[ekpbk eoB tkbk Gh Bk j't/, fco b[N/fonk d/ j'o Gh j"A;b/ tX
iKd/ jB. fe;/ fJbkek gq;sh eoe/, fe;/ ykBdkBh PkB d/ pjkB/, s/
fe;/ B/ Xow d/ Bkw s/, iE/pzdh wIp{s ehsh, T[jh dfozdk j' fBpfVnk.
oki/ oZs ghD/, nfjbeko wk;ykD/, s/ izsK wk;{w G/vK pZeohnK dh
fBnkJh. d/;h ns/ pd/;h d't/A soQK d/ jkew, rohp izsk s/ i[bw Ykj
oj/ ;B. fpBK skes s'A fJBk y{Bh N'fbnK ƒ i[bw eoB' o'fenk ikDk
;zGt BjhA ;h. ;fsr[o{ fgsk ih B/ Bkw igD tkb/ Xowh b'eK dk,
;zrmB pDkfJnk. fJjBK Xowh ;{ofwnK B/, fjZe vkje/ i[bw dh
jB/oh ƒ mZb gkJh, ikpoK dk w{zj GzfBnK. i[bw dk oki BjhA,
“jb/wh oki” dk ;zebg ;z;ko d/ b'eK ;Bw[Zy g/P ehsk. nfijk
oki s/ ;wki fiE/ jo e'Jh ;BwkB Bkb ihtB pshs eo/. fe;/ ƒ e'Jh
pzfd; BK j't/, T[FZuk BhtK Bk j't/. i'o ipo e'Jh Bk eo ;e/. fJ;
“;zs f;gkjh” B/, Bt/A g{oB/ gkJ/. ;dhnK s'A Gkos b[ZfNnk g[ZfNnk
s/ popkd ehsk ik fojk ;h . ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJ; “;a;asoXkoh ;zs
f;gkjh B{z nfijh f;Zfynk s/ skes fdZsh fe ikbwK ƒ GkiVk g[nk
fdshnK. fJj “p/rw g[ok” r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh feogk ;dek
gqkgs j'fJnk.
;w[zd fto'fb ;oho[ jw d/fynk, fJe t;s nB{g fdykJh]
r[o{ r'fpzd, r'fpzd r[o{ j? BkBe G/d[ B GkJh](442)
(90)

;dhnK s'A seVk ewI'oK s/ i[bw eodk nk fojk ;h. i[bw
eoB tkfbnK dk fJzBk j"A;bk fJ; eoe/ tfXnk j'fJnk ;h, feT[Afe
nZr'A w[ekpbk eoB tkbk e'Jh BjhA ;h. i'rh ;fBnk;h pqkjwD s/
ekih, nkg' nkgD/ sohe/, izsk ƒ Xow d/ BK s/ b[ZN oj/ ;B s/ oki/
tiho nc;o u"Xoh Bzpodko nkgD/ Yzr y{B gh oj/ ;B. izsk voh
;fjwh j'Jh T{uh nktki sZe BjhA eZYdh ;h. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJe BtK
f;XKs g/P ehsk. nkT[ Xowh b'e'` j[D i[bw d/ yksw/ tk;s/ s[;hA jZE
ftu feogkB geV'. p/y"| j' w?dkB ftu fBZso', i[bw d/ fto[ZX izr
eoBk, “Xow :[ZX” j?. fJjBK frnkBhnK, ;zsK GrsK s/ r[ow[yK
B/ i[bw fto[X s/rK ;{s bJhnK, pzd{eK fsnko eo bJhnK, shoK
ewkBk ƒ ;ik fbnk, x'fVnK s/ ;tko j' w"s ƒ tzrkoB bZr gJ/. fJe
bzw/ ;w/A sZe s/r tkj[Dh gJh, izrbh tk; eoBk fgnk. nefj s/
n;fj ePFN G'rD/ gJ/. go fJj “GrsK dh c"i”, fiZs jk;b eoB
sZe, i[bw d/ yksw/ sZe, s/r tj[zdh ojh. Grs ;{ow/ pD rJ/ s/
f;gkjhnK ƒ Xowh fiT[V/ pDk fdZsk. sKfe e'Jh ftnesh iK
iE/pzdh, fe;/ ƒ vokt/ Bk, e'Jh fe;/ s'A vo/ Bk. skesto b'e ewI'oK
s/ nfij/ i[bw eod/ ;B, fiBK ƒ gVQ ;[De/ sq/bhnK S[NdhnK jB.
g[Ps do g[Ps pd s'A pdso ihtB fiT[D bJh wIp{o eo fdZsk iKdk
;h. ;ko/ wB[Zyh nfXeko ysw, s/ r[bkw pDk bJ/ iKd/ ;B. r[bkwK
d/ pZu/ ns/ fJ;sohnK Gh r[bkw. fJjBK r[bkwK ƒ id'A ih ukj/ t/funk
ik ;edk ;h, e[ZfNnk s/ esb ehsk ik ;edk ;h. e'Jh dkd cfonkd
fes/ BjhA. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ wkB;e ns/ ;ohoe pb XkoB dk j[ew
fdZsk. bzwh izr s'A pkd r[o{ e/ bkbK B/ r[bkwh ƒ rb' bkj fdZsk. ;ko/
vo G? w[ek fdZs/.
iT[ sT[ gq/w y/bD ek ukT[] f;o[ Xfo sbh rbh w/oh nkT[]
fJs[ wkofr g?o[ Xohi?] f;o[ dhi? ekfD B ehi?](1412)
d[fynko/ b'eK d/ Gb/ bJh ;fsr[o{ BkBe ih ;z;ko ftu nkJ/.
T[jBK oZph frnkB jo gqkDh wkso sZe g[ukD dk T[geko ehsk. fJZE/
sK iBw s'A jh pqkjwD B/ ;kfonK dk r[o{ j'D dh rZdh ;KGh j'Jh ;h.
P{doK ftu Gh Gkt/A pj[s tZv/ r[Dh iB, ftdtkB frnkBh j'J/ ;B,
(91)

pqkjwD B/ jo jopk tos e/ T[jBK ƒ fbskV fdZsk. pDdk wkD sK
feZE/ d/Dk ;h, ;r'A ;dk x'o ngwkB ehsk. feT[Afe pqkjwD d/ tv/o/
T[;ƒ wzƒ f;fwqsh, ns/ s[b;h okjhA, nfijh wZs d/e/ rJ/ ;B. epho
ih B/ ;kc efo fdsk, w?A pqkjwD gkyzvh b[N/o/ ƒ ngDk nkr{ fe;/ ;{os
Gh ;theko BjhA eoKrk.
“epho pkwB[ r[o{ j? irs ek GrsB ek r[o[ Bkfj]
nofM T[ofM e? gfu w{nk ukoT[ p/dj[ wkfj]”(1377)
r[o{ BkBe fgsk ih B/ iks ns/ ;ohoK Bkb'A r[DK dh edo
eoB dh fgos gkJh. r[o{ ;oho Bkb'A, r[opkDh ƒ T[FZuk o[spk
pyfPnk. f;ZyK ƒ ftnesh iK w{osh g{ik BjhA, fBozeko tkfjr[o{ dh
nokXBk eoB dh iku f;ykJh. fJ;/ ;/X w[skpe gzuw r[od/t B/, ;qh
dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ g'Eh ;kfjp (gfjbk Bkw) dk gqekP
ehsk, e'Jh w{osh BjhA. Bk jh d/th d/ts/ s/ Bk jh fe;/ r[o ftnesh
dh. i' f;Zy PoXkb{ nkT[Adk, r[opkDh ftu'A ;op gZyh frnkB jk;b
eodk. fJ;/ ftukoXkok ƒ nr/o/ N'ofdnK, d;w gksPkj ji{o B/,
frnkB d/ nEkj ;kro ƒ, r[o{ j'D dk n?bkB eo fdZsk. fJj frnkB
r[o{ (Ppd r[o{) ;dht ekb tk;s/ f;ZyK dk ofjpo pD frnk. d;w
gksPkj B/ i' ehsk, T[j r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ nkP/ w[skpe jh ;h.
;r'A fJj efjDk fInkdk tkip j't/rk fe d;w/ ikw/ ftu r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih B/ jh frnkB d/ ;'w/ ƒ ;dht ekb tk;s/ r[o{ j'D dk bk;kBh
e"se toskfJnk.
“pkDh r[o{, r[o{ j? pkDh ftfu pkDh nzfwqs[ ;ko/]
r[o[ pkDh ej? ;/te[ iB[ wkB?, gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/]”(922)
;kv/ nkb/ d[nkb/ nB/e EkJhA e{V/ nkfd d/ tZv/ Y/o bZr/ j[zd/
jB. fJjBK okjhA wZSo wZyh ns/ eJh fpwkohnK c?b iKdhnK jB.
i' ikB b/tk Gh j' ;edhnK jB. f;nkD/ wB[Zy T[; e{V/ euo/ ƒ y/sK
ftu ykd o{g ftu tos b?Ad/ jB. fJ; ykd s'A c[Zb cb s/ c;b eJh
r[DK tZX MkV fdzdh j?. pZ; ;ckJh Gh j' rJh s/ eJh fBjwsK Gh fwb
rJhnK. fJ;/ soQK wBZ[y nzdo pj[s ;ko/ n"r[D BekBZe Go/ gJ/ jB.
fJjBK ftekoK ekoB wB[Zyk ihtB spkj j' iKdk j?. i/ n;hA ;fsr[o{
(92)

BkBe ;kfjp ih ƒ g[ZS t/yhJ/ fe “r[o{ fgsk ihU` feogk eoe/
;wMkU, ekw eo'X b'G w'j jzeko nkfd ftekoK ƒ t; ftu fet/A
eohJ/

d/ e/, fJe tkfjr[o{ ih d/ bV sK bkfJnk jh, s/ pkeh ;ko/ nvzpoK s'A
w[esh fdtk fdZsh. fJj gkyzv eow tkfjr[o{ ih d/ do s/ gotkB BjhA
ehs/ ikD/. T[E/ e/tb Bkw ifgnk s/ B/e ezw jh ;jkJh j'Dr/.
eow Xow gkyzv i' dh;fj fsB iw ikrksh b{N?..
fBopkD ehosB[ rktj[ eos/ ek, fBwy f;wos fis[ S{N?..(747)
fi; ;ot'sw ekoi bJh ;fsr[o{ pkpk ih, irs ftu s;ohc
fbnkJ/ ;B, T[j ;h fBowb gzE dh ;kiBk dk wjkB ekoi, fJ;dh
;wK pZX ;zg{oBsk. ;fsr[o{ d/ uoBk d/ G"o/, r[o{ fgnko ftu fJeZso
j[zd/ rJ/. ;kfjp ih nkgDh ihtB ftXh s/ gftZso puBk okjh, ftekoK
dh w?b eZY, fBowbsk pyP oj/ ;B. r[DK Bkb Gog{o eo oj/ ;B.
;fsr[o{ ih dk gZbk cVe/ fgZS/ N[oB tkfbnK dk fJe ekcbk pDdk
frnk. fJ; ;kX/ j'J/ r[ow[yK d/ fJeZm ƒ, nr'A “fBowb gzE” iK
f;Zy gzE fejk ikD bZfrnk. fJj Bkw igD tkb/, goT[ekoh “f;gkjh”
;B, s/ P;soXkoh, i[bw dhnK iVk T[ykVB tkb/ “;kX{” ;B. jZEhA
feos eoe/, tzv SeD tkb/ frq;sh ;B. fJjBK dh eoBh s'A b[N/o/
ezpd/ ;B, wIb{wk ƒ Xotk; fwbdk ;h. fJj fJe' gqG{ ƒ fXnkT[D
tkb/, fJe' ftukoXkok ƒ wzBD tkb/, fJe' okj d/ gKXh, fJe' wzfib s/
g[ZiD bJh T[FZdwPhb. fJj fBowb gzE i' r[o{ pkpk ih B/ g?dk ehsk,
r'd fyvkfJnk, pkeh ;fsr[o{nK B/ j'o gVkJh fbykJh f;ybkJh
eotkJh. *s/ goy eoe/ d;w gksPkj ji{o B/, ykb;k Bkw d/e/,
;zg{oBsk dh w'jo bk fdZsh. iK fJj nky ;ed/ jK fe r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih B/, d;t/A ikw/ ftu, fBowb gzE ƒ ykb;k gzE d/ o{g ftu
spdhb eo fdsk.
HHHHHHHHHHHbjD/ dh c/okJhn? BkBek d'jh yNhn?..
“i'fs Ujk i[rfs ;kfJ ;fj ekfJnk c/fo gbNhn?]”(966)
pj[s g[oksB ;fwnk s'A jh skesto wB[Zy ewI'oK s/ fe;/ B
fe;/ o{g ftu i'o ipo iK XZek eod/ nkJ/ jB. e'Jh S'N/ fij/ ;kXkoD
ftseo/ j'D sK podk;s eo Gh bJ/ ikD, fJE/ sK Xow d/ Bkw s/ x'o
ngokX ns/ b[ZNK y'jK ehshnK rJhnK jB. j'o f;sw fJj gJh fJe
tZv/ wB[Zyh GkJhuko/ ƒ P{do nkye/ Bkw igD, ftZfdnk jk;b eoB,
(94)

IwhB ikfJdkd yqhdD uzrh ;tkoh eoB, f;o s/ grVh ;ikT[D, ns/
uzrk ykD gfjBD s/ Gh ;ys gkpzdh nkfJd eo fdZsh. M{m/ fJbiwk
bk e/ ihG eZN d/Dh, nZyK eZY d/DhnK, ezBK ftu f;Zek fgxbke/ gk
d/Dk. ;z[do ƒjK XhnK Bkb ipo fiBkj eoBk, fco fes/ e'Jh
;[DtkJh Bk j'D d/Dh fJe nkw toskok ;h. xo ftu n"os dh dPk
Gh ;{doK tkbh jh pDk fdZsh rJh ;h. fgsk ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;'u wzvb
d/ ;ko/ g[oi/ jh X' fdZs/. T[jBK jo gqkDh wkso, fJ;soh g[oy, pZu/
p[Y/ ƒ, gq/wk Grsh eoB dk y[Zbk nfXeko d/ fdZsk. fJ;/ ekoB pqkjwD
d/ ;skJ/ b'e pV/ T[sPkj Bkb, f;Zy gzE ftu Pkwb j'D bZr gJ/. ;G
o[ektNK jNk fdZshnK rJhnK. BhftnK ftu'A ;fseko/ rJ/ e[M e[
pi[or r[of;ZyK dh cfoPs t/y' ^ GkJh wodkBk ih, bkb' ih, ;hjK ih,
jZ;{ ih, fpXh uzd ih, i?sk ih nkfde uwed/ f;sko/ jB. j'o pj[s
;ko/ wkJh GkJh i' ikbw ;wki tb'A gSkV fds/ rJ/ ;B, f;Zyh wzvb
ftu gqt/P eoe/, wkD gkT[Ad/ oj/. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp fJ; rZb dh ;G s'A
tZvh fw;kb jB, fiBk nzdo ny"sh P{doK dh o;Bk s'A T[ukoB ehsh
j'Jh oZph pkDh, ;fsr[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ Bkb jh ;'GBhe j?. bZyK b'eh fi;ƒ
fBZs ;h; M[ekT[Ad/ jB.
“;kX ;zfr BkBe p[fX gkJh jfo ehosB nkXko']
Bkw d/T[ fsqb'uB epho dk;o' w[efs GfJT[ ufwnko'](498)
frq;s dhnK swkw fizw/tkohnK s'A Gr"V/, ny"sh Xkofwe b'eK
B/, frq;s ƒ pVh p/Powh Bkb Gzfvnk. frq;s dk w{b X[ok, wK G?D
gsBh p/Nh dk Po/nkw ngwkB ehsk. fJ;soh iksh, iZr iBDh ƒ
“Boe d[nkoh” nky fcNekfonk. pZfunK s/ n"osK ƒ e[obKd/
SZve/, fJj wyZN{ b'e, izrbK gjkVK tb BZ; rJ/. xo T[iVd/ oj/, pZu/
ftbed/ oj/, n"osK ngwkBs nt;Ek ftu jT[e/ GodhnK ojhnK.
fjzd';skB pd/;h ikpoK d/ g?oK j/m fbskVhAdk fojk. fJjBK i'rh
;fBnk;h fsnkrh ;kX{nK dh nDy r?os edh Bk ikrh. r[cktK wZmK
wzdoK ftu ns/ d{o doki izrbK ftu, Grsh sgZf;nk (

i[bw d/ fto[X fJjBK edh fJe nZyo ipkB s/ BjhA nkT[D fdZsk.
Xow n;EkB Yfjzd/ oj/ b'eK dk ipoh Xow fgqtosB j[zdk fojk.
fJj b'e ;oho s/ ;[nkj wbe/ Gzr nkfd ghe/ Xow (

g[zB BjhA eo'r/ sK jIkoK iBwk se BoeK ftu d[y G'rD bJh ;[ZN/
ikT[r/. fJ;/ goGkt nXhB b'eh nkgDhnK fBZehnK wk;{w pkbVhnK,
dkB d/ o{g ftu fJjBK tfjPh b'eK ƒ ;"Ag fdzd/ ;B. s/ T[j dfozd/
fJjBK wk;{w ebhnK ƒ w;b fdzd/ ;B, fIzdrh popkd eo fdzd/ ;B.
wzdoK ftu fJ; ohs dh ofjzd y{zjd nZi Gh b[et/A Yzr Bkb gqubs j?.
i/ e'Jh d[fynkok j?, rqhp j?, fpwko j?, sK fgSb/ iBwK d/ gkgK
ekoB j?. i/ e'Jh nwho j?, XB gdkoE jB, s/ T[j fgSb/ iBw
ftu ehs/ dkB ekoB j?. fJ;/ bJh dkB g[zB d/ Gow ikb ftu
c;e/, ngDk ;G e[M “pBko; d/ mZrK” jtkb/ eofdnK eod/
;B. e[M e/;K ftu sK ngDk ;G e[M b[Nk e/ eKPh fty/, Xow d/
BK s/ ;tor d/ bkbu ftu nkgD/ nkg ƒ eotZso (nkok) Bkb
fuotk b?Ad/ ;B. nbkjkpkd fty/ p'jV s'A fvZr e/ ikB rtk b?Dh,
s/ rzrk Bdh ftu v[Zp woB ƒ, tZvk g[zB fejk frnk. ;fsr[o{ ;Zu/
gksPkj ih B/, Boe dk vo s/ ;tor dk bkbu w{b'A jh oZd eo fdZs/.
;[or pk;[ B pkShn?, vohn? B Bofe fBtk;[..
j'Bk j? ;' j'Jh j?, wBfj B ehi? nk;.. (337)
etB[ Boe[ fenk ;[or[ fpukok, ;zsB d'T[ okd/..
jw ekj{ eh ekfD B eYs/ ngB/ r[o go;kd/..(969)
Bk ;[or dk bkbu, s/ Bk Boe dk vo ofjD fdZsk. i/ p[o/ ezw
eo'r/ sK e'Jh s[jkƒ puk BjhA ;e/rk, uzr/ ezw eo'r/ sK e'Jh s[jkvk
B[e;kB BjhA eo ;e/rk. Bkw igDk feos eoBh tzv SeDk s/ gqG{
ƒ ;dk u/s/ oZyDk. nfij/ ysoBke ns/ pj[s jh tZv/ Gow ikb ftu'A,
;wki ƒ w[es eo fdZsk. jiko pko Bw;eko j? nfij/ wjkB pkpk
ih ƒ.
nzX e{g wfj dhge[ pfbU r[fo fod? ehU gork;k]
ej[ Bkbe do;[ g/fy ;[y[ gkfJnk ;G g{oB j'Jh nk;k(1212)
Ugo/ p'bK Bkb Gkt/A nB/e ftnesh efj d/Ad/ jB fe n;hA
oZph oIk ftu okih ofjzd/ jK, go nfijk BjhA j?. pj[ frDsh
fJB;kB o'wK dh p/ndph eod/ jB. eh fJj oZp dh oik dh gosZy
T[bzxDk BjhA j? < eosko B/ e[dos ƒ pj[s ;[zdo pDkfJnk j?. wB[Zy
(97)

ns/ n"osK Gh gow/;o B/ nsh ;[zdo pDkJ/ jB. b/feB wBZ[y ƒ
nkgDh neb s/ e[M/ fInkdk jh wkD j' frnk. fJ;/ bJh j'o ;'jDk
pDB bJh (o'wK) dkVh e/;K dh p/ndph eodk j?. dkVh e/;K tkb/ ;o{g
dh fJe nkgDh fBowb fdZy j?, B{okBh goGkt j?. ;dk s'A jh Xowh
wjKg[oy dkVh e/;K dh ;zGkb eod/ nkJ/ jB. feT[Afe T[j ;jh
wkfjfBnK ftu oZph oIk ftu okih ;B. ;ko/ Grs ;kfjpkB, d;/
gkfsPkjhnK, ;kps ;{os ftu ;B. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp s'A b?e/ ;dk
s'A f;Zy, r[o{ j[ewK w[skpe dkVh e/;K dh ;zGkb eod/ oj/. d;w
gksPkj ji{o B/, dkVh e/;K ƒ B[e;kB gkukT[D tkb/ f;Zy ƒ f;Zyh ftu'A
ykoi eo fdZsk. n"os tkfjr[o{ tb'A py;/ ;o{g ftu jh ;'jDh brdh
j?. i/ e'Jh wBubh n"os Bebh dkjVh e/; fujo/ Bkb fugek bt/, sK
eh T[; ƒ e'Jh uzrh nky/rk < ;r'A ;kfonK d/ wike dh gkso pD/rh.
fJ;/ soQK wB[Zy dkVh e/; eNtke/, n"os pDB dk Bkekw isB eo
fojk j?. fJ; soQK eoB Bkb T[j n"os pD BjhA ;e/rk, s/ g[o; ofj
BjhA ;e/rk. fJ;/ ;[zdo ;o{g ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ wkD tfvnkJh pyPh
;h.
y{p[ s/oh groh whm/ s/o/ p'b[.. (727)
“;kps ;{os d;sko f;ok]” (1084)
jo fJB;kB fe;/ Bk fe;/ pzXB ftu pZfMnk j'fJnk j?. nkg/
;j/Vh e?d eZN fojk j?. tkfjr[o{ ih dk Bkw igD tk;s/, wB[Zyk ;oho
gqkgs j'fJnk ;h. fJ; dk tXhnk ckfJdk Bk T[mke/ wB[Zy pzXBk dhnK
p/VhnK ftu pZM frnk. fi; fe;/ s'A w[es j'D dk Yzr g[ZfSnk, T[;B/
;r'A j'o pzXBk ftu ieV fdZsk, e[okj/ gk fdZsk. “s/o/ ehs/ dk cb
j?, ;ik G"rDh gt/rh. dkB eo' shoEK s/ ikT[” nkfd. go pzXBk
s'A wB[Zy ƒ w[esh Bk fwbh. ;dhnK s'A wB[Zysk dh Xow d/ Bkw s/ b[ZN
Io{o j[zdh nk ojh j?. g?oK EZb/ fbskV/ ny"sh ;{doK B/ fe;/ dk eh
ftrkfVnk j? < fiBK ƒ jIkoK ;kbK s'A w[esh BjhA fwbh. pdB;hph
G[Zywoh ns/ ijkbs B/ T[jBK dk fgZSk BjhA SZfvnk. n"os, wB[Zy dh
wK G?D gsBh ns/ Xh j?. wod dh pokpo dk nZX j'D d/ pkti{d Gh,
T[;ƒ g{ok ;BwkB BjhA fwfbnk < T[;B/ fe;/ dk eh ftrkfVnk ;h <
(98)

T[;ƒ fesB/ iBwk sZe fJ;/ soQK Boeh ihtB fpskT[Dk gt/rk <
;[eokBk j? nekb g[oy ih dk fiBQK feogk eoe/ wB[y wkso ƒ fIzdrh
dh ;jh ;'Mh d/D tk;s/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ƒ Xosh s/ G/fink.
T[jBK nke/ ihtB w[es dk gkm gVkfJnk, M{m/ bkfonK s/ ftPtk; Bk
eoB dh skehd eo fdsh.
;' w[esk ;z;kfo fi r[oT[gd/f;nk]
fs; eh rJh pbkfJ fwN/ nzd/f;nk]
fs;ek do;B[ d/fy irs[ fBjb[ j'fJ]
iB e? ;zfr fBjkb[ gkgK w?b[ X'fJ]
fi;[ xfN tf;nk BkT[ fs;[ pzXBk ekNhn?]
r[o gq;kfd feB/ ftob? jfo XB[ ykNhn?] (519)
ns/ ^
w[es/ ;/t/ w[esk j't?] jT[w? wwsk ;pd/ y't?](116)
ftfu d[Bhnk ;/t ewkJhn?] sk dorj p?;D[ gkJhn?](26)
fJ; gftZso puB d[nkok ;fsr[o{ ih fpBk fe;/ y[droih s'A
;/tk eoB dh jdkfJs eo oj/ jB. ;/tk fpBk fteso/ s'A jo b'V tzd
gqkDh wkso dh. ;ko/ ihtK ftu fBozeko dk tk;k j?, fJ; bJh oZph
Bdo d/ gkso pDB tk;s/ ;/tk dk o;sk ;G s'A T[sw j?. fJ; Bkb
;oho foPN g[PN j[zdk j?. jT[w? xNdh j?, wB gftZsosk tb tXD
br g?Adk j?. fiBk dh ;/tk ehsh ik ojh j?, T[jBK dhnK fgnko
n;h;K gqkgs j[zdhnK jB. fJ; y/so ftu ;u/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ y[d g{oB/
gkJ/. Xow gquko okjh d/; ftd/; ftu G[Zb/ GNe/ b'eK ƒ gow/;o d/
okj gkfJnk. p[okJhnK fteko fsnkr e/ B/eh d/ okj N'fonk. bzro
dh ;/tk, ehosB dh ;/tk, o'rhnK fpwkoK dh ;/tk. ;G s'A tZvh ;/tk
;h rcbs dh Bhd ftu'A T[mk p/fJB;kch fto[ZX bVB dh fjzws
g?dk eo d/Dh. mhe rbs ;Zu M{m Xow nXow, iBw woB Boe
;torHHHHH;'jDh fIzdrh fiT[D bJh jo soQK dh ;'Mh eotk fdsh, sK
fe n"y/ okj s/ N[ofdnK wB[Zy fEVe Bk ikt/. fe;/ G[b/ j'J/ ƒ okj
gke/ wzfib s/ g[uk d/Dk, ftekoK d/ jwfbnK s'A ;[oZfyns eo
d/Dk, tv/oh ;/tk j?. fgsk ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJj ;/tk ehsh jh BjhA, ;r'A
(99)

nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A ftu nkgD/ T[FZso nfXekohnK ƒ ;dk ;/tk ikoh oZyD
dh skehd eo fdsh. i/ edh b'V gJh sK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;dk jh xo
xkN, ;[Zy nkokw gqtko s/ nkgDk nkgk sZe, wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ fjZs, b/y/
bk fdZsk. fi; ;/tk ehfsnK jzeko g?dk Bk j't/, fe;/ s/ nfj;kB Bk
iskfJnk ikt/, T[j ;/tk ;cb j? T[FZsw j?. fi; ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fBZi s'A
T[mke/ ftPkb fdqPNh tkb/ pDk fdZsk, Bw;eko j? T[; wjkB pkpk ih
ƒ. ;/tk eoB tkbk wzrdk e[M BjhA, go nekbg[oy nBzs pyf;;K
Bkb M'bhnK Go fdzdk j?.
o'; B ekj{ ;zfr eoj[ nkgB nkfg phukfo]
j'fJ fBwkBk ifr ojj[ BkBe Bdoh gkfo] (259)
jo fJB;kB fe;/ ;'u fceo ftu j?, pV/ Mw/b/ jB, fdB dk
u?B s/ oksK dh BhAd T[FZv u[Zeh j?. fJ; ftnke[bsk ftu PKsh bZGfdnK,
G[Zfbnk wB[Zy BfPnK dk ;jkok sedk j?. d[ZyK s'A S[Nekok gkT[Adk ;r'A
tZvh dbdb ftu XZ;dk ubk iKdk j?. BPk T[soB s/ gfjbK Bkb'A tX
gq/PkBh nk x/odh j?. fJ; soQK e[okj/ fgnk iht, gfjbK g?;k, fco
f;js s/ nzs fJZis nkpo{ Gh rtk b?Adk j?. BPk iK s/, itkBh dk iK
fco gqG{ d/ Bkw f;woD dk jh pj[s j[zdk j?. so; nkT[Adk j? T[jBK
dh jkbs s/, i' i[nkBh ftu BP/ dk ;jkok bGd/ jB. T[j edh fe;/
ƒ ;jkok BjhA d/ ;eDr/. ;r'A e[M jh ;w/A d/ nzdo T[jBK dh fIzdrh
o[b iKdh j?. nwb sK gqPkd/ dk jh ek|h j?. B/ehnK uzfrnkJhnK dk
pVk wkD j[zdk j?. BfPnK ftu'A edh Gh y[Ph B;hp BjhA j[zdh.
iBw;kyh ftu c[owkD j? ^
g';s Gzr nchw ;G T[so ikfJ Gogks.
Bkw y[wkoh BkBek uVh oj/ fdB oks.
XzBtkd j? ;fsr[o{ ih dk fiBK jo fteko s'A jZE d/e/ puk
fbnk.
“fJs[ wd[ ghs? BkBek pj[s/ yNhnfj fpeko]” (554)
d[owfs i' ghts/ fpybh gfs ewbh..
okw o;kfJfD i' os/ BkBe ;u nwbh.. (399)
r[of;Zyh B/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ xo iBw fbnk. fgsk
(100)

[o{ ih s'A r[opkDh o{gh b'ohnK rhs (r[opkDh) f;Zy/, T[Arb cVe/ fBZe/
edwK Bkb fgsk ih d/ fgZS/ N[o/. nZm r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJ;ƒ gotkB
uVkT[D fjs nDfrDs xkbDk xkbhnK. d;w gkfsPkj ji{o B/ r[o
f;Zyh ƒ ftek; dh f;yobh u'Nh s/ g[uk fdZsk. fit/A itkB j' u[e/ g[Zso
ƒ fgsk ;kohnk fizw/tkohnK :'r ikD e/ ;zGkb fdzdk j?. c"i ftu
ozro{N ƒ f;gkjh dh todh d/D tes, f;Zfynk g{oh j'D s/, tckdkoh
dh e;w u[etkJh iKdh j?. fit/A u[D/ rJ/ MLA MP ƒ nj[dk ;zGkbD
s'A gfjbK jbc b?Dk Io{oh j?. fJ;/ soQK ;kohnK wjZstg{oB fIzw/tkohnK
;"gD s'A gfjbK, d;t/A BkBe ih B/, ofjsK fdqV eotkJhnK. r[owfs
d/ ;ko/ gZy ;wMke/, fJj tuB fbnk fe uko tZvhnK rbshnK (pZio
e[ofjsK) BjhA eoBhnK. dkVQh e/;K dh p/ndph BjhA eoBh. szpke{
;w/s e'Jh BPk BjhA tosDk. jbkb iK e[Zmk wk; BjhA ykDk. gosB
rkwh BjhA j'Dk. i/ e'Jh f;Zy fJjBK tZvhnK e[ofjsK ftu'A, fJe
e[ofjs Gh eo d/t/, T[;ƒ r[o{ e/ gqtko (f;Zyh wzvb) ftu'A ykoi
wzfBnk ikt/rk. fJj w/ok j[ew j?, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ uzrh soQK jdkfJs
eo fdZsh. fJjBK puBk dh f;ZyK B/ ihn ikB Bkb gkbDk ehsh. f;Zy
izrK i[XK d/ fGnkBe ;w/A ftu Gh, gkg eow eoB' pu/ oj/, s/
;cbsktK fJjBK d/ edw u[zwdhnK ojhnK. nZi d/ iwkB/ ftu J/vI
torh Bkw[okd fpwkoh, “gosB rkwhnK” ƒ rkb ;[Ndh j?. fJjBK
wko{ o'rK s'A e/tb ofjstkB r[o{ ek f;Zy jh pfunk ofj ;edk j?.
BP/ nsh wko{ jB, ;wki ƒ nzdo/ nzdo yk oj/ jB. jbkb wk; dk
;pzX ;t?wkD Bkb j?. f;Zy dh nkgDh nkIkd j;sh j?, fJ; B/ fe;/
dk p/b'Vk dpkT[ gqtkB BjhA eoBk. i[bw ƒ mZb gkT[D tk;s/ f;Zy
feogkB Io{o oy/rk. fJjBK ehs/ eT[b eokoK ekoB, ;fsr[o{ ih d/
fBowb G? ftu ofjzfdnK, f;Zy ftekoK dhnK yZvK ftu roe j'D' ;dk
tk;s/ wfjc{i j' rJ/. fJjBK fBnwk ns/ ;'jDh d;sko ;ih j'D
eoe/ f;Zy bZyK ftu gSkfDnk sK iKdk jh j?, ;z[dosk ftu Y/o ;kok
tkXk Gh j[zdk j?.
“ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;]
ykb;/ wfj jT[ eoT[A fBtk;]” (;opb'j)
(101)

f;Zy ;dk jh d[Zy ;Z[y ;w/A oZph oik ftu okih ofjzd/ jB. go
Bkb jh T[Zdw Gh f;Zy eodk j?. fJ;ƒ ikd{ wzsoK, r?ph PeshnK s/
e'Jh ftPtk; BjhA, fJj nekb g[oy s/ Go';k oZy e/ fwjBs eodk
j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ frnkB ns/ ;ohoe skes okjh, ;ko/ d[yK dk Bk;
s/ ;[ZyK dh gqkgsh eodk j?. fJ; d/; dh fJj tZvh pdfe;wsh ojh j?
fe fJE/ ftjbVK b[N/fonK dk ;BwkB ehsk iKdk j?, ekfwnK feoshnK
dk nkgwkB. fJ;/ bJh jZEhA fwjBs eoB dh o[uh jh ysw j' rJh.
fe;ws dh nk; bkJh oZyDh, ik fe;/ r?ph Pesh tb'A nuBu/sh
;ZG e[ZM fwb ikD d/ ;[gB/ b?D/, ;fsr[o{ ih ƒ wzi{o BjhA jB. ;fsr[o{
ih y[d ;t/o/ ibdh ikrd/, fJ;BkB eo, Bkw ftu i[Vd/, ;zrsh o{g
ftu ehosB eEk eod/. T[gd/P j[zdk, y/sK ftu ezw eod/, bzro
fsnko eotkT[Ad/, fJ;/ ftXh Bkb ;ko/ ;/te f;Zy Gh ;wK b/y/ bkT[Ad/.
d;w BkBe ji{o sZe ftek; eod/, wzibK s?j eod/, f;Zy “;zs ns/
f;gkjh” pD u[Ze/ ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih dh ;ohoe w"i{drh ftu sK
;|bsktK jk;b ehshnK jh ;B, T[jBK d/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'A pkd,
f;oK s/ yZcD pzB e/, ;" ;kb sZe ikbwK Bkb b'jk b?Ad/ oj/. nIkdh
fpBk TF[Zdw ehfsnK BjhA nkJh. y/sh B"eoh d[ekB T[FZdw eoB s/ jh
;cb j' ;edh j?, fe;/ eokwksh Pesh Bkb BjhA. nZi b'V j?, fe
fjzws eoe/ r[opkDh dk noEK ;w/s gkm nkozG eohJ/. nzfwqs SeD
s'A nkb; BK eohJ/. Xow gquko eoB ftu fjZ;k gkJhJ/. fJj ;wki
s/ ;z;ko T[Zdw d/ pbp[s/ jh ;'jDk j? s/ oj/rk. nkb;h b'eK B/ edh
;wki dk e[ZM BjhA ;ztkfonk. T[Zdwh b'e d/P dk w{zj wZEk ;ztko fdzd/
jB. fJ;/ bJh f;Zy wkJh GkJh B/ T[FZdwPhb j'Dk j?. fJj ftXhnK
sohe/ ihtB iku, ;fsr[o{ pkpk BkBe ;kfjp ih dh feogk Bkb gqkgs
j'JhnK jB.
frnkB[ fXnkB[ feS[ eow[ B ikDk, ;ko Bk ikDk s/oh]
;G s/ tvk ;fsr[o[ BkBe[, fifB eb okyh w/oh] (750)
w? w{oy eh e/se pks j?, e'fN gokXh sfonk o/]
r[o[ BkBe[ fiB ;[fDnk g/fynk, ;/ fcfo roGkf; B gfonk o/](612)
(102)

“fdB o?fD ;G ;[jktD/ fgnko/”
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB ih dh P\;hns ƒ nB/e pko Bw;eko j?,
fiBQK nfsnzs gSV/ j'J/ wZXekbhB ;w/A ftZu, wB[Zy wkso dh ekfJnk
ebg eoB bJh, BthB ftZuko gqrN ehs/. i' T[Zsw T[gd/P nZi Gh
iwkB/ dh izrkbh ;'u Bkb'A p/nzs nZr/ jB. T[jBK g[oksB ;fwnK ftZu
fezB/ e[ b'eK ƒ ;wM nkJ/ j'Dr/ < i' fJB;kBhns, nZi Gh iVQ g{ik
ƒ jh Xow wzBh p?mh j?, sd'A fJe fBozeko pko/ fds/ rJ/ ftZuko fezB/
e[ b'eK d/ fdwkr ftZu gJ/ j'Dr/ < fJfsjk; ftZu T[xVt/A BKtK tkb/
f;ZyK dh ihtB P?bh gVQd/ jK, sK T[jBK dh eoBh nZr/ f;o M[edk j?.
fJj w[yh f;Zy T[j b'e ;B, fiBQK ƒ ;uw[Zu jh ;fsr[o{ ih tb'A fsnko
ehsh GftZy dh o{g o/yk ;wM nk rJh ;h. fJjBK B/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/
j[ew s/, sBwB XB ;G e[M fBSkto eoB dh mkD bJh ;h. fiBK
fIzdrh d/ ;ko/ ;[Zy nokw fsnkr e/, wB[ysk d/ pzXB eZND tk;s/,
nkgDk nkgk nogD ehsk ;h. pj[s wkw{bh “rJhnK r[iohnK”
rZbK ftZu i/ T[j T[bM iKd/, sK eh ;kvk e[M ;zto ;edk ;h < ;r'A
nZi dk f;Zy ;wki T[jBK dh ehsh “ewkJh” jh yk fojk j?. nZi d/
ftfrnkBe i[Zr ftZu, f;Zy wkJh (ftofbnK ƒ SZv e/) GkJh, nDfrDs
pzXBk GowK ftZu rq;s j?. fiBK ci{b ezwk s'A r[opkDh B/ ;gPN
o'fenk j'fJnk j?, T[jh wBwsh ezw, f;Zy nytkT[D tkb/ eoh ik oj/
jB. fiBQK ohsK o;wK dk e'Jh ftfrnkBe nkXko BjhA j?. fiBQK g{ik
ftXhnK dh r[opkDh ftZu e'Jh wkBsk BjhA j?. fijV/ ezw fIzdrh ftZu
fes/ bkG BjhA g[uk ;ed/. T[jh ezw nZyK s/ nfrnkBsk dh gZNh pzB
e/, f;Zy wkJh GkJh eoh ik oj/ jB. gkyzv eow tkb/ w;b/ pj[s jB,
go fJ; fbys ftZu e/tb “;zrqKd” dh n;bhns gkmeK ;Bw[Zy oZyh
ikt/rh.
“;zrqKd” n;b ftZu ;z;feqs d/ Ppd “;keqKsh” s'A pdb e/
pfDnk j?. fJ; dk nZyohA noE j? fe “fpeowh ;zws d/ jo wjhB/
dh gfjbh sohe ƒ, ;{oi nkgDk okj pdbe/, gfjbK ysw j'J/ wjhB/
tkb/ okj s'A, Bt/A wjhB/ tkb/ okj s/, uZbDk P[o{ eo fdzdk j?. fJ;dk
(103)

wsbp fe ;{oi bJh ;koh T[wo (i' yopK ;kb j?) fJjBK pkoK (12)
okjK s/ uZbDk jh Io{oh j?. fpeowh ;zws pD/ ƒ 2066 e[ ;kb j'J/
jB. rq/r/ohnB ebzvo pD/ ƒ 2007 ;kb j' rJ/. fJ;/ soQK w[;bwkBK
dk fjIoh ;B, T[; skohyh xNBk Bkb ;pzXs j?, id'A w[jzwd ;kfjp
ns/ T[jBK d/ ;kEhnK ƒ, wZek Sve/ wdhB/ ike/ fBtk; eoBk fgnk
;h. rb eh fpeowh ;zws, ;kek ;zws, Jh;kJhnK tkbk Jh;th,
ebzvo, w[;bwkBK tkbk fjIoh ;kb, s/ j[D f;ZyK dk “BkBePkjh
ebzvo”. Gbk ;'u'` eh fJjBK ;ko/ b'eK d/ pDkJ/ ebzvoK dhnK soheK
nkg; ftZu fwbdhnK jB < ih BjhA fJjBK dk nkg; ftZu pj[s coe
s/ wsG/d j?. nzrq/Ih wjhB/ dh gfjbh sohe ƒ T[jBK dh “;zrqKd” nk
rJh. fjIoh tkbh w[;bwkBK dh gfjbh sohe fe;/ j'o Bkb w/b BjhA
yKdh. fpeowh, ;kek, ;zws, ns/ BkBe Pkjh ebzvo dh gfjbh
sohe nkg; ftZu BjhA fwbdh. j[D ;'u e/ fj;kp bkT[ fe ;{oi
fe;dk efjDk wzB/rk < feT[Afe ;kfonK dhnK “;zrqKdK” fJe'
sohe ƒ BjhA nkT[AdhnK. ftukok “nDgV” ;{oi fe; dh rZb
wzB/ < ;{oi B/ sK jo wjhB/ dh fJe sohe ƒ ngDk okj pdbDk
j[zdk j?. T[j ftZukok fJe ƒ y[P s/ pkehnK ƒ Bkoki feT[A eo/rk
< fjzd{nK, w[;bwkBK, fJ;kJhnK iK fco f;ZyK dh ftXh w[skpe ub/
rk< go :kd oy'` Xosh T[s/ gqubs gVkJh fbykJh iK fj;kp feskp
Xosh d/ b'eK dh nkgDh Io{os j?. fJjBK B/ ;fezN, fwzN, xzN/, fdB
oks, wjhB/, ;kb s/ ;dhnK, nkgD/ bJh pDkJhnK jB, ;{oi ƒ fJjBK
dh e'Jh b'V BjhA ;h. fJj “;{oi wjkoki” Xosh d/ b'eK s/ g[ZSe/
gqrN BjhA j[zdk. fe GkJh f;Zy'` s[;hA dZ;' s[jkvh “;zrqKd” ed'A j?, sK
fe w?A T[; fdB ngDk okj pdb btK. T[j sK p; ubdk ik fojk j?,
fJe pZMt/A fBnw ftZu eo'VK nopK ;kbK s'A, fBofpxB. T[j EktK
Gh fJ;/ Xosh s/ w"i{d jB, fiZE/ S/ S/ wjhB/ ;{oi ftykJh jh BjhA
fdzdk. T[jBK dh ;zrqKd dk eh gqpzX eohJ/ GbK < Bkb/ ;kv/ fJE/ fdB
j?, Xosh d/ d{;o/ gk;/, nwqhek e?B/vk ftZu oks j?. jo d/P dk NkJhw
nZr/ fgZS/ j?. ;{oi sK ngDk ezw eo fojk j?, T[;ƒ ;kv/ pDkJ/ fdBK
wjhfBnK Bkb e'Jh ;o'eko BjhA j?. Xosh ;{oi sko/ ;G tkfjr[o{ ih
(104)

d/ pDkJ/ j[ew ftZu eko ewk oj/ jB. r[o{ c[owkB gVQ' ^
w[ekw fs;B' nkyhn? fi; f;f; B j'th b/y]
n;wkB[ Xosh ub;h w[ekw[ T[jh J/e[]
fdB oft ub?, fBf; ;f; ub?, skfoek by gb'fJ]
w[ekw T[jh J/e j? BkBek ;u[ p[r'fJ](64)
wjhfBnK d/ Bkw wB[ZyK B/ oZy/ jB, oZp B/ BjhA oZy/. fdBK d/
Bkw wB[yK B/ xV/ jB, gqwkswk B/ fe;/ fdB dk Bkw eoB BjhA ehsk.
uzr/ wzd/ fdBK dk rVpV x'Nkbk g[ikohnK B/ yVQk ehsk j?, gqwkswk
B/ ;ko/ fdB fJe' fij/ pDkJ/ jB. feT[Afe uzr/ wzd/ fdBK wjhfBnK
d/ Gow yV/ eoe/, g[ikoh uzrh “uKdh” pD b?Ad/ jB. nkw b'eh
g[ikohnK (fJjBK ftZu f;Zy fjzd[ w[;bwkB ;ko/ jh) d/ gquko
ekoB ngDk ;G e[ZM b[NkJh iKd/ jB. feT[Afe fJj g[ikoh “wkV/
frqjK dk Gko” T[skoB d/ pjkB/ uzrh w'Nh ewkJh i[ eo b?Ad/ jB.
pkehnK dk fceo SZve/ nkT[ nkgK f;Zy Xow ƒ wzBD tkfbnK pko/
ftuko eohJ/. r[opkDh fe;/ fdB wjhB/ iK tes ƒ uzrk wzdk BjhA
wzBdh. e;tZNh pVh bk i[nkp oZyh j? ;fsr[o{ ih B/. gV' c[owkB ^
XzB[ ;[ t/bk xVh XzB[, XzB[ w{os[ gb ;ko[]
XzB[ ;[ fdB;[ ;zi'rVk fis[ fvmk r[odko ;ko[] (958)
noE L T[j t/bk, T[j xVh (NkJhw dk fJe S'Nk fjZ;k), T[j
wj{os, s/ gb (nZy MgeD fizBk ;wK) ;ko/ jh XzBsk :'r jB. T[j
fdB pj[s ;zi'r tkbk uzrk j?, id'A ;fsr[o{ dh f;fynk b? e/ ;wK ;cbk
eohJ/.
nkw s"o s/ r[o{ xoK ftZu wZf;nk g[zfBnk, d;thA fJekd;h
ns/ ;zrqKd, “tZv/ T[sPkj” Bkb wBkJhnK ikdhnK jB. wBkT[D s'A
Gkt j? fe r'be ftZu wkfJnk fezBh e[ g?Adh j?. r[opkDh dh f;Zfynk,
fJfsjk; dk frnkB, ofjs dh gqgZesk, ftekoK iK BfPnK s'A S[Nekok,
fe;/ dk j'fJnk j? fe BjhA, edh BjhA ;'funk iKdk. fJjh j'ek fdZsk
iKdk j?, “;kX ;zrs ih` nkT[, d/rK eoke/ r[o{ ehnK y[;hnK jk;b
eo'HHHH.” id'A r[opkDh ;wM e/ gVQd/ jK, sd'A gsk brdk j? fe
;dhnK s'A ubh nk ojh pj[ gosh b[ZN ƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ pVh p/pkeh
(105)

Bkb, p/gVd ehsk j?. g[ikohnK d/ eo{g fujo/ s/ d[PN eow izsk d/
;kjwD/ Bzr/ ehs/ jB. i'fsP N/tk, iBw e[zvbh yZpk ;Zik, Xkrk sths
jE"bk, ;fsr[o{ ih B/ go/ trkj wko/. f;ZyK ƒ e/tb fJe fBozeko dk
fBowb G?, wB ftZu XkoB dk j[ew ehsk frnk j?. gqwkswk ƒ ;kvh
nogD ehsh j'Jh, e'Jh uhI BjhA ukjhdh. feT[Afe T[j sK y[d jh ;ko/
gdkoEK ƒ g?dk eoB tkbk j?. wB[Zy wzrsK oZp ƒ eh d/ ;edk j? <
;fsr[o{ nwodk; ih pVk ;z[do T[gd/P eod/ j'J/ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB ^
nkfdstkfo nkfd g[oy j? ;'Jh] nkg/ tos? nto[ B e'Jh]
;'wtkfo ;fu ofjnk ;wkfJ] fs; eh ehws ejh B ikfJ]HH
wzrfb wkfJnk w'j[ T[gkfJnk.. nkg/ f;fo f;fo XzX? bkfJnk..
p[Xtkfo nkg/ p[fX;ko[] r[ow[fy eoDh ;pd[ thuko[]
thotkfo ;G Gofw G[bkJ/] gq/s G{s ;fG d{i/ bkJ/]
;[eqtkfo gqG[ ofjnk ;wkJh] nkfg T[gkfJ ;G ehwfs gkJh]
SfBuotkfo ;kT[D ;k;s phuko[] jT[w? w/ok Gow? ;z;ko[]
(841)
noE ^ nkfdstkfo eh j? < nkfd (w[ZY) s'A sK e/tb
nekbg[oy jh j?. b'ehA n?stko ƒ othtko Gh nkyd/ B/ “oth” dk
noE j? ;{oi. i/ othtko ;{oi dk fdB j? fco pkeh fdB fe;d/ jB <
;fsr[o{ ;wMk oj/ jB fe T[j fJZe tkfjr[o{ nkg/ nkg j?. T[; d/
pqkpo j'o e'Jh BjhA j?. ;'wtko uzdowk dk fdB fwE fbnk frnk.
;;h wkfjB/ uzdowk. eJhnK jkbsK ftZu :'oghB ebzvo s/ fpeowh
ebzvo tZb'A ;[MkJ/ fdB wjhB/ ;KM/ Gh fd;d/ jB. fw;kb bJh ^
othO;{oi, n?stko, ;{oi dk fdB.
:'oghB ^ (Sunday) ;zv/ ^ ;BOv/, Gkt ;{oi dk fdB.
;;h ^ uzdowk, ;;h s'A jh ;'w pfDnk j?, Gkt uzd dk fdB.
:'oghB ^ wzv/ (Moon+Day) noE jB uzdowk dk fdB.
(Monday)
fJ;/ soQK pkeh fdB wjhB/ Gh fe;/ d/th d/ts/ iK j'o PeshnK
Bkb ;pzXs ehs/ rJ/ jB. fJjBK dk uzr/ wzd/ j'Dk, XB gdkoE fJeZm/
eoB tk;s/ g[ikohnK dk d[;N gquko j?, T[AR ;ko/ fdB, wjhB/ uzr/
(106)

jB. ;'wtko sd'A uzrk j? i/ wB[Zy ;Zu d/ wkor s/ ubdk j?. T[;
eoskg[oy dhnK tfvnkJhnK dh Ekj BjhA gkJh ik ;edh. wzrbtko^i/
wkfJnk ftZu v[Zp/ oj/ fco wzrb fet/A uzrk j'fJnk < tkfjr[o{ ih B/
nkg jh ;ko/ ihtK ƒ XzfdnK ftZu bk fdZsk j?. p[ZXtko ^ tkfjr[o{ ;kvh
p[ZXh gqekP eo/ frnkB d/t/. r[ow[y pD ikJhJ/, Ppd dh thuko eoe/
(r[opkDh ;wMe/) T{uk ihtB pDk bJhJ/. thotko ^ fJ; fdB ƒ uzrk
fet/A wzBhJ/ i/ wB[Zy GowK ftZu g? frnk < wB[Zy gq/s p[ZXh tkbk, G{s
p[ZXh tkbk pD frnk. ukjhdk sK fJj ;h fe fJ; fdB gq/s p[ZX fsnkr
e/ GowK s'A w[es j' e/ ;tZS ihtB pshs eoBk f;ZyhJ/. ;[eotko ^
fJ; fdB wB ftZu fJj nfj;k; j't/ fe tkfjr[o{ jo iht ftZu
;wkfJnk j'fJnk j?. ;koh ekfJBks T[;/ B/ g?dk ehsh j?, s/ nkgDh
ehws nkg jh ikDdk j?. PfBuotko ^ fJ; fdB b'ehA ;'fBe pqkjwD
d/ fby/ rqzE tkb/ gkyzv eow eod/ jB. “;kT[D ;k;s”, dk noE j?
;'fBe dk fbfynk Pk;so. ;Bhtko eh ;ztko/rk, id'A fe ;ko/ b'ehA
jT[w? ns/ w?A w/oh ftZu roe j'J/ gJ/ jB. ;', j/ GkJh` w;bk fdBK
d/ uzr/ p[o/ dk BjhA j?. fdB oks ;dhnK s'A fJe;ko jh ub/ nk oj/
jB. wB[Zy B/ uzrh wZs b? e/ fIzdrh nkgDh ;[XkoBh j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ r[opkDh fbyfdnK pV/ Yzr sohe/ tos/ jB.
fit/A fe fIzdrh d/ uko fjZ;/ tzv e/, wZs d/D tk;s/ “gfjo/” pkDh fby
fdZsh. fco d; d; ;kb d/ d; Gkr eoe/ tZyo/ nzdkI Bkb ;wMkfJnk
j?. fJ; dk fJj wsbp BjhA fe n;hA “gfjfonK” ns/ “djkfenK”
d/ g[ikoh pD ikJhJ/. fJ;/ soQK “rT[Vh fEzsh” pkDh ftZu J/ew d{i
shi tkbhnK fEsK” (soheK) frDfdnK r[ows ;wMkJh rJh j?.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ sK “tko ;s” f;ob/y nXhB Gh pkDh T[ukoB ehsh j?,
fi; dh thuko T[go nk u[Zeh j?. nk;k okr ftZu r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
ns/ r[o{ nwodk; ;kfjp ih dhnK “gNhnK” fbyhnK j'JhnK jB.
Gkt r[ow[yh d/ nZyo eow nB[;ko fJZe fJZe nZyo ƒ ;Bw[y oZye/
Gh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[gd/P fby/ jB. j? e'Jh nfijk f;Zy i' pZu/ ƒ ;e{b
G/iD tkb/ gfjb/ fdB, fJ; pkDh dk gkm eo/ ;[D/ < ;z;feqs fbgh s/
nXkos “pktB nyoh” pkDh Gh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu w"i{d j?. fJ;
(107)

ftZu Gh r[ows tkb/ T[FZsw T[gd/P jh jB. fJ; s'A pkd nk iKdh j?
rZb “pkoK wKj” dh. pkoK wKj f;ob/y nXhB s[ykoh okr ftZu fJZe
gktB pkDh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh T[ukoh j'Jh j?. d{ik pkoK wKj
gzuw r[od/t ih dk rT[Vh okr, gzBk 133 s/ ;[GkfJwkB j?. r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp tkbk pkoK wkjK n"yh p'bh ftZu j?. fJ;/ bJh T[j r[odtkfonK
ftZu gVQh BjhA iKdh gqubs BjhA j'Jh. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih dk
T[ukoB ehsk pkoKwkj ;"yh p'bh ftZu j? fJ;/ bJh fJj gqubs j' frnk
j?. fInkdk ;h g[ikoh fe;w d/ b'eK dh nkgDh fBZih bkb;k.” ;kX
;zrs ih` fJe sohe ƒ r[o{ xo nke/ d/rK eokT[. jkioh brkU,
wjhB/ dk P[ZG Bkw ;[D', ;kok wjhBk y[PhnK Gfonk phs/rk. jo
;zrqKd s'A d' uko fdB gfjbK ;gheoK s'A, ezBgkVthnK nktkIK okjhA
;[DkJh fdzdk j?. r[ows T[gd/; sK ed/ dk G[Zb uZ[fenk j?.
fJ; Gowikb ƒ sko sko eoB bJh r[ow[y fgnko/, T[FZu
e'Nh d/ ftdtkB, GkJh r[odk; ih pVk ;[zdo ftuko d/ e/ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB ^
;T[D ;rB thukoB/, BT[ frqj “pkoK okf;” ftukok]
ekwD ^N{D/ nT[;hnK, eD;'Jh gk;ko g;kok]
rdj[ e[s/ fpbhnK fJb wbkbh frdV Skok]
Bkfo g[oy gkDh nrfB, fSe gd fjveh toskok]
“fEfstko” Gdok Gow, fd;k ;{b ;j;k ;z;kok]
tb Sb efo ft;tk; by pj[ u[yh feT[ ot? Gskok]
“r[ow[fy ;[y cb[ gko T[skok]”(5$8)
noE ^ e[M nfrnkBh b'e PrB ngPrB dh ftuko eod/
jB. BT[ frqjK dh ukb pko/ nzdki/ bkT[Ad/ jB. “pkoK ok;hnK ftZu
ftPtk; oZyd/ jB.” pkoK okPhnKl fJe id'A ;{oi fJZe okj s'A d/;h
wjhB/ dh gfjbh sohe ƒ d{i/ okj ftZu gqt/P eodk j?. d{ihl wB[ZyK
d/ BktK ƒ pkoK okPhnK ftZu tzve/, fsBQK pko/ nzdkI/ bkT[D/. fJj ;G'
nzdkI/ nfrnkBsk ftZu gJ/ Gow G[b/y/ jB. e[M Bk ;wM n"osK gsh
ƒ t; ftZu eoB bJh N{D/ eodhnK jB. e[ZM jtk ftZu'A g;{ gzShnK
dhnK ntkIK dh ezBP'j b?AdhnK jB. fe;/ bJh y'sk jhrDK p[ok j?.
fe;/ bJh e[Zs/ dk o'Dk ysoBke j?. fJ;/ soQK fJZbK wbkbhnK ƒ Gh
(108)

fe;ws Bkb i'V fbnk iKdk j?. nT[;hnK^iwhB s/ fwZNh ftSk e/
behoK eZYDhnK, s/ gqd/P rJ/ gsh pko/ nkT[D dk nzdkIk bkT[Dk.
eJh Gow eod/ jB fe xo'A N[oB bZfrnK, ykbh xV/ tkbh n"os wZE/
Bk bZr/. nkdwh jh wZE/ bZr/ go T[; d/ f;o s/ ;[ZehnK beVK Bk j'D,
jfonkbh f;o s/ u[Zeh j't/ sK uzrk PrB j?. eJh fSZe tZiD s/ sqpe
g?Ad/ jB, e'Jh pkfJ r?; ƒ pdPrB frDd/ jB. eJh j'o fjueh bZrD
s/ g;hB' g;hBk j' iKd/ jB. e[ZM b'e fEZsK tkoK (uzr/ wzd/ pko/) s/
ci{b Gow eod/ ofjzd/ jB. eJh Bk;wM GZdok ekbh (d/th dh eo'gh)
s'A Eo Eo ezpd/ jB. e[ZM w{oy fdPktK d/ uZeothT{ ftZu c;/ j'J/ t/y/
ik ;ed/ jB. ;kok ;z;ko fJjBK jh ;zf;nK ftZu cf;nk fdZ; fojk
j?. fJ; soQK d/ tb Sb ns/ gkyzv eowK d[nkok gsh gqw/;o ƒ y[P
BjhA ehsk ik ;e/rk. tkfjr[o{ ƒ SZve/ pkeh u"Aj pzB/ gkyzv eow ehs/
ik oj/ jB, i' T[fus BjhA jB. r[ow[y iB ;fsr[o{ dh f;fynk b? e/
ihtB pshs eod/ jB. fJe fBozeko ƒ u/s/ ftZu oyd/ jB fJ; soQK
;z;ko ;w[zdo s'A gko j' iKd/ jB. pzXBK s'A w[es j' iKd/ jB.
p/jZd d[ydkJh gfjb{ fJj j? fe fi; nekb g[oy ih B/ ;koh
f;qPNh g?dk ehsh j?. fi; tkfjr[o{ B/ ;koh b'ekJh ƒ o'ih foie fdZsk
j?. i' ;kfonK dk nzs Bp/Vk eoB dh Pesh oZydk j?. T[; wjkB
gow/Po ƒ G[ZbV s/ w{oy pDk Xfonk j? ;kv/ y[droi g[ikoh N'b/ B/.
wjkB ;fsr[o{nK dh gktB pkDh ƒ xZN/ o'b fdZsk j? gkyzvh g[ikohnK
B/. gow fgsk ih B/ ;ko/ fdB gb xzN/ wjhB/ fJZe' fij/ pDkJ/ jB.
fJjBK b[N/o/ Xow w[yhnK B/ gfjbK oZp ƒ rbshnK eod/ f;ZX ehsk.
Gkt fe oZp ih s'A p[o/ fdB Bk uj[zfdnK Gh pD rJ/. fJjBK ƒ uzr/
mfjokT[D dh m/e/dkoh d/ fdZsh oZp B/ e[ZM ftu'fbnK ƒ. nkw PoXktkB
wkJh GkJh “p[o/ fdBK” ftZu Xow n;EkB ikD. T[E/ uzrh w'Nh oew
s/ g{ik ;wroh nogD eoB. fco g[ikoh ih ;ko/ gdkoE goy e/
s[jkv/ “gkg eZND” dh nodk; eo/rk. s[jkv/ s/ wzvok oj/ “p[o/
frqj” ƒ T[skoB bJh wzso gVQ/rk. wzrbtko, thotko s/ ;fBuotko
x'o ;zeN tkb/ fdB fwZE fdZs/ rJ/. fJjBK fszBK “p[o/ fdBK” dk ;zeN
i' gqkDh wkso s/ ;tko j?, T[;ƒ g[ikoh ih T[sko d/Dr/. f;ZX/ PpdK
(109)

ftZu oZp tb'A ehsh rJh “}bsh” g[ikoh ;[Xko fojk j?. g[ikoh oZp
jh BjhA pfDnk, ;r'A oZp Bkb'A Gh skesto j'D dk Y'b tik fojk
j?. ;fsr[o{ ih sK ;gPN ;wMk oj/ jB ^
wkjk o{sh ;G s{ xVh w{os thukok]
s{z rDs? feB/ B gkfJU ;u/ nby nXkok] (140)
noE ^ j/ feogk fBXkB, wjhB/, o[ZsK, fdB s/ wj{os ;G s/o/
fBnw ekƒB ftZu pD/ j'J/ jB. w{oy fJB;kB frDshnK fwDshnK
Bkb ihtB ;cbk eoBk ukj[zdk j?. i' fe BjhA j' ;e/rk.
;fseko :'r Grs epho ih pVk ;[zdo T[gd/P d/ oj/ jB. nkT[
gV'Q ^
nkfds eo? Grfs nkozG] ekfJnk wzdo wB;k EzG]
;'wtkfo ;f; nzfwqs[ Mo?] ukys p/fr ;rb fpy[ jo?]
wzrbtko/ b/ wkjhs] gzu u'o eh ikD? ohfs]
p[fXtkfo p[fX eo? gqrk;] fjod? ewb wfj jfo ek pk;]
fpqfj;gfs fpfynk d/fJ pjkfJ] shfB d/t J/e ;zfr bkfJ]
;[feqs[ ;jko? ;[ fJj pqfs uV?] nBfdB[ nkfg nkfg f;T[ bV?]
Ekto fEo efo oky? ;'fJ] i'fs dhtNh xN wfj j'fJ] (344)
noE Gkt ^ n?stko ƒ (S[ZNh BjhA eoBh) gqG{ dh f;cs
;bkj, B/e okj s/ uZbD bJh gfjbk edw, P[o{ eo fdU. nkgDh fJ;
d/jh ƒ Xow wzdo pDk bU, fNe/ j'J/ wB dhnK fJ; ;oho wzdo ftZu
EzwhnK (fgZbo) bk fdU. ;'wtko uzdowk dk ;hsb fdB j?. fJ; fdB
s[;hA nzfwqs Bkw d/ rNke ghU. id'A Bkw nzfwqs ghT[r/ s[ozs ;ko/
fteko BZ; ikDr/. wzrbtko ƒ seV/ j' e/ jzGbk wko/. i' “gzu
u'oK” B/ nzdo wip{s febk pDk fbnk j?, T[; feb/ s/ ekpi j' ikT[.
fJjBK gzi ftekoK tZb'A ehs/ ik oj/ B[e;kB ƒ ;wM'. p[ZXtko ƒ p[ZXh
neb frnkB jk;b eo'. Gkt frnkBtkB, r[DtkB pDe/ ;'jDh
fIzdrh pshs eo'. fjod/ o{gh ewb ftZu ;dk tk;s/ fBozeko ih dk
tk;k j' ikt/. thotko ƒ nzdo'A ifjo o{gh ftP/ fteko, fBzdk, u[rbh,
X'yk co/p nkfd ;G eZY e/ pkjo ;[ZN fdU. pqjwk fp;ƒ s/ fPt ƒ
wzBD dh Ekt/A e/tb fJe oZp ih s/ nv'b Go';k oZy'. P[eotko dk
(110)

wsbp j? fe ;[feqs B/e ewkJh eo'. b'ehA pqs nkfd oZyd/ jB, s[jkvk
tos fJjh j? fe fe;/ dk jZe BjhA wkoBk s/ tzv SeDk. jo o'i b'eK
Bkb MrVk Bk eo', ;r'A nzdo gb oj/ tX oj/ ftekoK Bkb izr eo'
s/ fiZs jk;b eo'. ;Bhuotko se wB nv'b nt;Ek ftZu gj[zu
ikt/. fIzdrh ftZu fe;/ soQK d/ T[sokn uVQkn nkT[D, nv'b pD/ oj'.
fJT[A wkB' s[jkv/ nzdo frnkB dh bNbNKdh i's ir gt/rh frnkB d/
ukBD Bkb bpo/I j' e/, fco s[;hA ekw:kp fIzdrh pshs eo'r/.
s[jkvk iBw b? e/, ;z;ko s/ nkT[Dk ;cbk wzfBnk ikt/rk.
jo wkJh GkJh ƒ fJj frnkB j't/ fe ;koh gktB pkDh
fJe;ko j?. ;koh pkDh fIzdrh dk X[ok j?. f;Zy gzE ftZu g;o/
eoweKv, tfjw Gow, iVQ g{ik, ftnesh g{ik dk w[ZY ekoB fJj j?
fe nkw ifrnk;{ pkDh s'A d{o j?. e[M o;wK dh g{osh sK Io{o ehsh
ik ojh j?, go “Xow ewkfJnk” BjhA ik fojk. piko ftZu'A
b'VhdhnK ;G uhiK g?;k d/ e/ yqhdhnK ik ;edhnk jB. go Xow
yqhfdnk BjhA ik ;edk. s[;hA feskp r[Nek g'Eh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp yqhd
bT[r/, go Xow d/ n;{b yohd/ BjhA ik ;ed/, T[j sK fBGkT[D/ g?Dr/.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx fizBh d/o se Xowh pfDnk fojk, ;G fBnwsK
edwK ftZu ;B. id'A ihtB ftZu “Xow” Bk fojk, e/tb Xow dk
rb/c ofj frnk sK e[ZM jh ;w/A nzdo y[d o[V frnk gqtko frnk, Bkb
;zrh ;kEh Gh v[Zp rJ/. f;Zy gzE nX'rsh ftu r's/ykD bZr fgnk.
;fsr[o{ ih sK ;gPN c[owkB eo oj/ jB, gV'Q ^
feofs eow e/ thS[V/ efo feogk w/bj[ okw]
ukfo e[N djfd; Gqw/ Efe nkJ/ gqG eh ;kw](133)
noE ^ ;fsr[o{ ih ;wMk oj/ jB, j/ GkJh nkgDhnK
rbshnK d/ ekoB, wkbe gqG{ s'A ftS'Vk g? frnk j?. T[;dh nkgDh
fwjo j' ikt/ sK fwbkg j' ;edk j?. n;hA sK uko/ e[zNK d;/ fdPktK
x[zw fco e/ t/y bJhnK jB. fes/ ;[y PKsh gqkgs BjhA j'Jh. nyho
jko jzG e/ gqG{ ih` s/oh jh PoD ftZu nkJ/ jK, pyfPP eo d/Dh.
;fsr[o{ ih nZr/ j'o ;wMkT[Ad/ jB ^
(111)

d';[ B dhi? ekj{ b'r] i' ewktB ;'Jh G'r] (888)
d'; Bkjh ekj{ eT[ whsk] wkfJnk w'j[ pzX[ gqG ehsk](257)
id'A e'Jh d[y nkT[Adk j? sK nkgDhnK rbshnK ekoB nkT[Adk
j?. e[ZM xzN/ fdB wjhB/ iK e[M ;kb gfjbK ehsh rJh rbsh d/
nB[gks Bkb ;ik G[rsDh g?Adh j?. eJh tkoh sK fgSb/ ;w/A (fi; ƒ
b'ehA fgSbk iBw wzBh ik oj/ jB) ftZu pI[orK dhnK ehshnK
rbshnK dh em'o ;Ik, T[jBK d/ T[Zso nfXekohnK (tz;i) ƒ G[rsDh
g?Adh j?. r[opkDh gqwkD gVQ' ^
;[y[ d[y[ g[op iBw e/ ehJ/] ;' ikD/ fifB dks? dhJ/]
fe; eT[ d';[ d/fj sz{ gqkDh ;j[ ngDk ehnk eokok j/](1030)
r[opkDh sK ;kc PgPN nky ojh j? tkfjr[o{ ih edh e'Jh
rbsh BjhA eodk. T[j i' e[ZM eodk j?, PkfJd T[;dh ;kƒ ;wM Bk
nkJh j't/. s[;hA y[d jh t/y ;ed/ j'l e[ZM ftnesh whAj g?D s/ y[Ph
wBkT[Ad/ jB. d{i/ eJh b'e pkoP ftZu gq/PkBh wfj;{; eod/ jB. fJj
sK ;kvh ;'u s/ fBoGo j?, n;hA fe; ƒ uzrk s/ fe; ƒ wzdk wzBd/ jK.
r[opkDh fJ;/ bJh nky ojh j? ^
fBzdT[ Bkjh ekj{ pks?, J/j[ y;w ek ehnk]
ik eT[ feqgk eoh gqfG w/o? fwfb ;kX ;zrfs BkT[ bhnk] (611)
nZi f;Zy nytkT[D tkb/ pqkjwDh yko/ ;kro ftZu, fJzB/ p[oh
soQK roe j' u[Ze/ jB fe ;kok tos fojk toskok t/y e/, o{j ezp
T[mdh j?. jK ih nkT[ ;o;oh fijh Mks r[o{ xoK ftZu uZb ojh fBZs
fefonk tZb wko bJhJ/. dhtkbh, b'jVh, j'bh, tos, shoE :ksok
;qkX fefonk nkfd sK r[o{ xoK ftZu fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftZu uZb jh ojh
j?. nkgK fJZe jcs/ d/ fdBK dk b/yk i'yk eohJ/, sK ekch ukBD j'
ikt/rk. Bk ;wM b'eK tk;s/ ;'wtko dk fdB uzrk j?, fJ; bJh
r[odtko/ ike/ “Xow eow” fBGkT[D/ Io{oh BjhA jB. nrbk fdB
wzrbtko “Gkok fdB” j?, wzrb d/ts/ iK jB{wkB dk fdB j?. i/ fes/
fJj BkokI j' rJ/ sK e'Jh ;wZf;nk g?dk j' ;edh j?. fJ; bJh
r[odtko/ ik e/ “dkB g[zB” ehsk ikt/. fJjBK d/ Bfws tos oZfynk
ikt/, PkfJd fco fJj “d/ts/” BkokI Bk j'D. y[P j' e/ w{zj wzrhnK
(112)

w[okdK p\P d/D. ewkb fJj fe fJjBK coIh d/tfsnK ƒ, r[opkDh
B/ oZsh wk;k ;fseko BjhA fdZsk. ;r'A fJjBK dhnK wzd eos{sK y{p
BzrhnK ehshnK jB. f;sw fJj fe r[odtko/ ftZu jh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
ih dh ji{oh ftZu jh r[gs iK gqrN fJjBK dh g{ik wkBsk j'Jh ik ojh
j?.
nrbk fdB nk frnk p[ZXtko` fJ; fdB fe;/ gqkDh s/ e'Jh
“w[;hps” BjhA nkT[Adh. feT[Afe “p[ZX ezw ;[ZX”, b'eK B/ ;theko eo
fbnk j'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh r[odtko/ ikD dh b'V Bk ojh. b/ye eJh
tko pd/;K ftZu Xow gquko tk;s/ iK u[Zfenk j?. fJZe tkoh ;zrqoKd
tkb/ fdB t?Be{to fty/ e[M ;{MtkB r[of;ZyK dh fJZSk ƒ ;Bw[Zy
oyfdnK fJj ftukoK ehshnK rJhnK ;B, sK ;zrsK B/ nsh gq;zBsk
gqrN ehsh ;h. jK ih “p[ZXtko pj[s uzrk fdB j?”, fJ; bJh e'Jh
ftobk wkJh GkJh r[odtko/ iKdk j?, toBK nkw ;zrs BjhA iKdh. i'
ehosBhJ/ eEktkue ns/ gkmh f;zx r[odtko/ ;/tk s/ j[zd/ jB, ;wM
bT[ fe T[jBK bJh p[ZXtko dk fdB pVk “wBj{;” pD iKdk j?. T[j
fJ; soQk fe fJ; fdB dZ[X, wZyD, cb, vpbo'Nh nodk; bJh wkfJnk
BjhA, GkJh ih dh g[ZS gqshs e'Jh BjhA. id'A r[odtko/ e'Jh BjhA
nkt/rk sK ;/tkdkoK dhnK b'VK feE'A g{ohnK j'DrhnK < edh edkJhA
ukj d[ZX tZb'A ykbh G[Zy/ fYv jh ofj ikJhdk j?. fezBk e[ uzrk j?
“p[ZXtko” ;/tkdkoK bJh < thotko ƒ ekch “eoVk” fdB fwZE fbnk
frnk j?. fJ; fdB ghb/ ozr dhnK wfmnkJhnK ns/ ghb/ ozr tkb/ cb
b? e/ wkJhnK eskoK pzBh nk ojhnK j[zdhnK jB. fJZe sK pqj;gsh
d/ts/ dh eo'gh s'A puD bJh, s/ d{i/ “bkbK tkb/ gho” dk fdB Gh
thotko jh j?. fJj d't/A fjzd{ d/tsk s/ w[;bwkB gho thotko ƒ
r[odtko/ nke/ gqekPwkB j' iKd/ jB. r[odtko/ ftZu f;Zyh dk dw
GoB tkb/, fJjBK r[ows fto'Xh ekbgfBe d/tfsnK ghoK dh g{ik eo
oj/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. j? Bk jB/Qo rodh, r[odtko/ nzdo p/rkfBnK
dh wkBsk <
P[eotko dk fdB uzrk j?, fJ; fdB PoXkb{ b'e, nyzv gkm
P[o{ eotk e/ xo ub/ iKd/ jB. go r[odtko/ wkfJnk o;d nkfde
(113)

nkT[D bZr g?Adh j?. fi; Bkb gkmhnK ;/tkdkoK dhnK b'VK g{ohnK j'D
bZr g?AdhnK jB. nrbk fdB nkD gj[zfunk ;fBZuotko` jK ih fJj
Gh pVk “y'Nk” fdB j?. fJ; ny"sh “d/ts/” dk rqfj b'eK ƒ pVh
S/sh ieV ftZu b? b?Adk j?. fJ;dh g{ik pV/ ;fseko Bkb r[odtko/ d/
nzdo ehsh iKdh j?. fJ;ƒ y[P eoB tk;s/, wKj ;kps iK wKj dh
dkb, ns/ ykb; ;o'A dk s/b. p; ih, PBh d/ts/ dh y[Ph gqkgs eoB
tk;s/ PBhtko ƒ Y/o ;ko/ ekb/ wKj ns/ ;oQ'A dk s/b r[odtko/ nk
iKdk j?. fJ; fdB fit/A j'o e'Jh uhI gqtkB BjhA j't/rh, e/tb wKj
ns/ s/b jh gqtkB uV/rk. d;w gksPkj ji{o B/ t/dt/ pqkjwD ƒ PBh
Bfws e[ZM dkB d/ e/ f;ZyK dh goy ehsh ;h. id'A t/dtk pqkjwD wKj
ns/ s/b b? e/ ik fojk ;h sK f;ZyK B/ ;kok e[M tkg; b? fbnk. T[j
pVk ebfgnk^ “ny/ PBh d/ts/ BfwZs fdZsk dkB s[jkv/ jiw BjhA
nkT[Dk.” f;ZyK fejk ^ “gzfvs ih gktB r[opkDh gVQ thuko e/ ;kv/
jkiw/ pj[s wIp{s j' rJ/ jB. PBh BfwZs fdZsk dkB jh BjhA ;r'A
n;hA sK ;p{s/ ;Bh d/ts/ ƒ yk e/ jiw eo ;ed/ jK.” f;ZyK wKj dk
nkNk pDk e/ b{D fwou w;kb/ gk e/, s/b ftZu sbe/, tV/ ge"V/ pDke/
Se/ SekJ/. PBh BfwZs fdZs/ rJ/ b'j/ s'A, eV/ pDtk e/ jZEK ftZu gfjB
bJ/. nrb/ fdB d;w gksPkj ƒ ;koh j'Jh phsh dk gsk bfrnk.
T[jBK pj[s y[Ph ikjo ehsh. n? w/o/ bkvb/ pZfuU` s[;hA tfjwK GowK
dh tZvh SZN f;o s'A bkj fdZsh. s[;hA PfBuo ƒ f;zrK s'A cV e/ gNe
fdZsk j?. fJj eVk s[jkƒ ;dk u/sk eokJ/rk fe f;Zy e/tb nekb g[oy
dk g[ikoh j?, fe;/ PBh nkfd dh N?A BjhA wzB/rk.” nc;'; fe eV/
gkT[D tkb/, f;Zy nytkT[D tkb/, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ƒ ;h; M[ekT[D
tkb/, PBh tor/ ebgs d/ts/ (fe oky;

nkswktK tkb/ nfrnkBh fe;w d/ nzB/Q PoXkb{, ni/ Gh ;oQ'A dk s/b
s/ ekb/ wKj u[Zeh tjhoK xZsh r[odtkfonK tZb ik oj/ jB.
fJe ikDeko wzdo d/ g[ikoh ƒ b/ye B/ g[ZfSnk ^ “gzfvs
ih s[;hA nkgD/ wzdo tZv/ y[Zb/ feT[A BjhA pDkT[Ad/ < fiE/ ;zrs
p?m ;e/ T[gd/P j' ;e/HHHH”. T[j Nkbk tNdk fojk, pj[sk i'o
gkT[D s/ nkyD bZfrnk ^ “frnkBh ih p[ok Bk wBkfJU` nkj i'
nopK yopK o[g? youe/ s[;hA “r[odtko/” pDk oj/ j', s[;hA
;wMd/ j' fJj r[odtko/ B/ < edh nzdo tos fojk toskok fXnkB
Bkb nZyK y'jb e/ t/fynk j? < nzdo ;kok gquko “;kvk” jh j'
fojk j?. n;hA gkrb BjhA jK fe g?;k youhJ/ id'A fe s[jkv/
r[odtko/ jh wzdoK dk o{g jB. p; fBPkB, r[o{ rqzE s/ feogkB
tkbk ;/tkdko t/ye/ G[b/yk fijk g?Adk j? fe fJj r[odtkok j?,
toBkHHHH.
n?stko tkbk fdB pVk jh “GkrK Gfonk” j?. fJ; fdB
r[odtkfonK ftZu gkmK d/ G'r g?Ad/ jB. ehosB, eEk, Ykvh, ethPo
nkg' nkgDh ebk d/ i'jo ftykT[Ad/ jB. d/rK nodk;K ;/teK gkmhnK
ƒ wkfJnk d/ rZc/, gqpzXeK bJh r'beK dk Bek Be Go ikDkHHHH. fezBk
uzrk j? n?stko dk fdB, fJ; fdB ;G s'A tXhnk j[zdk j? bzro.
;fsr[o{ ih sK fJ; soQK c[owkB eo oj/ jB, nro f;ZyK ƒ ;wM nk
ikt/ sK ^
gzdoj fEzsh s? ;s tko] wkjk o[sh nktfj tko tko]
fdB;[ o?fD fst? ;z;ko[] nktk rT[D[ ehnk eoskfo]
fBjub ;ku[ ofjnk ebXkfo] BkBe r[ow[fy p[M? e' ;pd[ thuko[] (842)
noE ^ j/ GkJh` gzdoK fEsK (uzdowk w[skpe) ;Zs/ fdB,
pkoK jh wjhB/, uko/ o[sK, fJj w[Vw[V e/ nkT[AdhnK ofjzdhnK jB.
fit/A fe edh oks edh fdB nkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB, fJ;/ soQK ;z;ko Gh
ubkfJwkB j?. tkfjr[o{ ih B/ fJj ndG[s y/Y pDk fdZsh j?. nNZb
nSZb fJZe' tkfjr[o{ jh j?, fi; B/ ngDh nfdZy Pesh Bkb ;ko/ fBikw
ƒ pzfBQnk j'fJnk j?. j/ BkBe` e'Jh ftobk ;/te r[o{ dk frnkB
jk;b eoe/, fJ; tos oj/ tosko/ ƒ ;wM ;edk j?. Ppd d/ okjhA
(115)

(r[opkDh d[nkok) e[dos ns/ ekdo dk frnkB gqkgs j' iKdk j?.
;fsr[o{ ih sK ;gPN nky oj/ jB fe uzrk ezw eoB bJh
r[o{ dh uzrh wZs b?D bJh e'Jh fdB wj{os g[ZSD dh b'V BjhA j?. id'A
Gh uzr/ gk;/ bZr'r/ fJjh uzrk fdB t/bk wj{os j't/rk. p[o/ ezw eo'r/,
fBozeko ƒ G[bk fdT[r/ ;ko/ fdB wjhB/ p[o/ jB. Gkt/A s[;hA u"th xzN/
r[odtko/ d/ nzdo jh feT[A Bk p?m/ oj'. Bo?D dk; gkgh ;kX r[odtkok
BBekDk ;kfjp dk w[yh ;h. o'I gkm eodk s/ ;[Ddk ;h. r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih d/ gqekP n;EkB dk wkbe. go tZvk e[eowh uzvkb, fJe
;" nZ;h f;ZyK dk y{B vheK bk e/ gh frnk. nZi d/ nDfrDs gqpzXe
s/ gqukoe pkDh pj[s gVQd/ ;[Dd/ jB, go eh T[j ;ko/ Xowh g[oy B/e
fJB;kB pD rJ/ jB < eh r'beK ykso, u"XoK bJh r'bhnK BjhA
ubdhnK < f;o BjhA gkNd/, gZrK BjhA bZEdhnK, w[eZdw/ BjhA G[rs/
iKd/, eh r[o{ e/ ;/tkdko B/ fJj b'e < r[o tke gV' ^
fifB fifB Bkw[ fXnkfJnk fsB e/ eki ;o/]
jfo r[o g{ok nkokfXnk dorj ;fu yo/]
wkj fdt; w{os Gb/ fi; eT[ Bdfo eo/]
BkBe wzr? do; dkB[ feogk eoj[ jo/] (136)
noE ^ fiBQK ftneshnK B/ r[o{ dh nkyh rZb wzBh, T[jBK d/
;ko/ ftrV/ ezw ;jh j' rJ/. feT[Afe T[jBK B/ g{o/ ;fsr[o{ ih s'A
fBozeko dk frnkB jk;b eo fbnk. oZph ndkbs ftZu T[j ;[oyo{
j' ikDr/. T[jBK tk;s/ ;ko/ wjhB/ uzr/ jB. ;ko/ wj{os Gb/ jB, ;ko/
fdB uzr/ jB. fiBQK s/ tkfjr[o{ ih dh ;tZbh BIo j't/rh. BkBe fJj'
dkB oZp ih s'A wzrdk j?, fe feogk eoe/ nkgD/ uoBK Bkb i'Vh
oZyDk.
;fsr[o{ ih ;zrqKd ƒ gftZso BjhA wzBd/, ;r'A fJj c[owkB
eod/ jB fe GkJh jo tes u"th xzN/ nZm/ gfjo, B/eh eo' oZp ih ƒ
:kd oZy'. r[o{ d/ T[gd/P w[skpe fIzdrh fpskU ^
T[mzfdnK pjzfdnK ;tzfdnK ;[y[ j'fJ]
BkBe Bkfw ;bkfjn? wB[ sB[ ;hsb j'fJ] (321)
gzuw r[od/t ih dk fJe Ppd gV'Q, fJ; ftZu ;fsr[o{ ih B/
(116)

fBozeko dk i' ;o{g ;kv/ ;kjwD/ oZfynk j?, T[j pVk bk i[nkp j?.
i/ nfij/ ftokN o{g tkfjr[o{ pko/, ;'Mh nk ikt/ sK ;kok euok e{Vk
tfjw Gow eoweKv rb'AQ bkj fdnKr/. Ppd d/ doPB eo' ^
Bk T[j wosk Bk jw vfonk] Bk T[j fpB;? Bk jw efVnk]
Bk T[j fBoXB Bk jw G{y/] Bk T[; d{y B jw eT[ d{y/]
nto B eT{ wkoB tkok] ihnT[ jwkok ihT[ d/Bjkok] ojkT[]
Bk T[; pzXB Bk jw pkX/] Bk T[; XzXk Bk jw XKd/]
Bk T[; w?b B jw eT[ w?bk] U; nBzd s jw ;d e/bk]
BkBe r[fo y'J/ Gqw Gzrk] jw UfJ fwfb j'fJ fJe ;zrk] (391)
noE ^ j/ GkJh` nekb g[oy ƒ edh w"s BjhA nkT[Adh, sK
n;hA T[; dh nz; T[; ƒ Bw;eko eoB tkb/, w"s s'A feT[A vohJ/ <
fit/A iBw b?D tkbh jo t;s{ s/ iht fpyo iKdk j?, fBozeko edh
BjhA fpyodk. n;hA T[;ƒ fgsk wzBD tkb/ feT[A G?wkB j'JhJ/ <
tkfjr[o{ nEkj GzvkfonK dk wkbe j?, oZfink g[Zfink j?.
fJB;kB feT[A G[Zy ftykt/ T[;d/ do s'A ;G e[M fwbdk j?. gow/;o
;dk ;Ks fuZs “BtsB” ns/ nv'b j?. fco wB[Zy nv'b feT[A Bk j't/
< gqkDh wkso d[yK ;[yK s'A T[go feT[A Bk T[Zm ikt/. fe;/ ftnesh s'A
voB dh b'V BjhA, feT[Afe j'o e'Jh wko jh Bjh ;edk, e/tb tkfjr[o{
wko s/ iBw d/ ;edk j?. gqwkswk ;ko/ pzXBK s'A w[es j? T[; dh ;zskB
pzXBK ftZu feT[A gt/, w[es feT[A Bk j't/ < oZp ci{b Mw/fbnK ftZu
BjhA g?Adk, sK wB[Zy ci{b Mw/fbnK XzfdnK ftZu feT[A ;wK popkd eo/
< tkfjr[o{ ih ƒ ftekoK dh w?b g'j BjhA ;edh, n;hA ftekoK dh w?b
ftZu feT[A v[ZphJ/ < oZp ih ;dk nBzd nt;Ek ftZu jB, n;hA T[; dh
PoD ftZu nk e/ nBzd feT[A Bk wkDhJ/ < j/ BkBe wjkB ;fsr[o{ ih
B/ ;kv/ ;ko/ Gow d{o eo fdZs/ jB. ;kƒ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ gow/;o pko/
pj[ gZyh frnkB d/ e/ T[; Bkb fJefwe eo fdZsk j?. j[D id'A n;hA
e/tb fBozeko ƒ wzBD tkb/ pD rJ/ jK sK fe;/ Gow ftZu feT[A gJhJ/ <
r[opkDh d/ gqf;ZX ftnkfynkeko, r[of;Zy GkJh ;kfjp r[odk;
ih, fdBK wjhfBnK dh “gftZsosk” pko/ nkgD/ ftZuko fJe efpZs
ftZu fJ; soQK fpnkB eod/ jB ^
(117)

nkfds nT[ ;'w G"w p[X j{ pqj;gfs,
;[eo ;Bhuo ;ks' pko pKN bhB/ j?]
fEfs gS wk; o[fs b'rB w? b'rkuko,
J/e J/ezeko e' B e'Jh fdB dhB/ j?]
iBw n;Nwh, okw BT[wh, J/ekd;h GJh,
d[nkd;h us[od;h iBw J/ ehB/ j?]
goik T[gkoiB e' B e'T{ gkt? fdB,
ni'Bh iBw fdB ej" e?;/ uhB/ j?](GkLr[H 484)
GkJh ;kfjp ih ws d/ oj/ jB fe GkJh r[of;y'` n?stko s'A
b? e/ ;Zs/ fdB fe;/ B fe;/ d/th d/ts/ Bkb i'V fdZs/ rJ/ jB. id'A fe
fJ; soQK eoBk tkip BjhA j?. tzv eo fdZsh rJh ;Zs/ fdBK dh.
;kohnK uzdowK tkbhnK fEsK, wjhB/ dk gfjbk nZX s/ d{ik nZX,
(gZy) ;ko/ wjhB/, ;kohnK o[ZsK, uzrhnK jB. go b'eK B/ b'ekukoh
tk;s/ fJjBK ƒ Gh tzv fbnk j?. fJZe fBozeko tk;s/ okytK fdB sK
e'Jh Gh BjhA oZfynk. Gkt fe d/th d/tfsnK ƒ jh wZE/ N/eh ik oj/ j',
g?dk eoB tkb/ ƒ foie d/D tkb/ ƒ e[Zb f;q;Nh d/ wkbe ƒ T[Zek jh
G[bk fdsk j?. feqPB dk iBw fdB iBw nPNwh wzB fbnk, okw uzdo
d/ b/y/ bk fdZsh okw BT[wh. fe;/ d/ fjZ;/ J/ekd;h fby fdZsh s/ fe;/
ƒ ;zGkb fdZsh d[nkd;h. us[od;h ƒ nkw p'bh ftZu u"d/A nkyd/ jB^
fit/A “u"XthA dk uzd”. fJj u"XthA Gh oZp tk;s/ Bk ojh. fi;
fBozeko ih B/ ;koh goik, iht izs g?dk ehs/ jB, T[; ƒ e'Jh fdB
Bjha fdZsk. jK mhe jh sK j?, i/jVk j? Jh “ni'Bh”, T[; dk iBw fdB
s[;hA fet/A wBkT[r/ < fJ; bJh fiBQK d/ iBw fdB wBk oj/ j', fJj
fBozeko BjhA jB. iBw woB d/ r/V ftZu gJ/ j'J/ jB. ;' n? r[of;Zy'`
tkfjr[o{ ƒ ;dk ;tk; ;tk; :kd oZy'. ;ko/ fdB wjhB/ o[ZsK T[;
gow/;o d/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB, fJ; bJh ;ko/ jh T[jd/ nkgD/ jB, ns/
pj[s jh uzr/ jB. p[o/ ;kv/ p[o/ eow j' ;ed/ jB fdBK ftZu e'Jh y'N
BjhA j?.
s[ykoh okr d/ pkoK wKj ftZu ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp fJT[ ;/X
pyP oj/ jB ^
(118)

p/, d;, o[sh, fEsh, tko, Gb/]
xVh, w{os[ gb, ;ku/ nkfJ ;fji fwb/](1136)
noE ^ pkoK wjhB/ (p/Od;^d' ns/ d;, :kBh pkoK wjhB/)
;kohnK o[ZsK, ;kohnK soheK (fEsK) ;ko/ fdB, nfsnzs uzr/ jB.
tes dk S'Nk fijk fjZ;k “xVh” pj[s uzrk j?. ;ko/ wj{os jh P[G
jB. fJE'A se fe nZy d/ gbeko/ fizBK ;wK “gb” Gh pj[s uzrk j?.
go fJj ;ko/ sK uzr/ wzB/ ikDr/ i/ ;fji nt;Ek ftZu nk rJ/. wB
fNe frnk, ;u/ oZp ih ftZu ;[osh fposh i[V rJh, B/e ekoi eoB
bZr gJ/. ;fsr[o{ ih dh f;Zfynk ftZu ihtB pshs eofdnK e[dos d/
fBnwK dh ;wM nk rJh. j'o c[owkB fJT[A jB ^
! ;G/ o[sh uzrhnK fis[ ;u/ f;T[ B/j[]
;k XB ezs[ gSkfDnk ;[fy ;[sh fBf; v/j] (1015)
! fgoh fwbktk ik Ehn? ;kJh ;[jkth o[fs]
xVh w[js[ B th;o? BkBe othn? fBs] (522)
! BkBe[ iht? ifg joh d'y ;G/ jh jzs[]
fdB[ o?fD fi; B th;o? ;' jfonk j't? izs[] (137)
! ;rB ng;rB fs; eT[ br? fi; uhfs B nkt?]
fs;[ iw B/fV B nktJh i' jfo gqfG Gkt?](401)
! ;G fpfX s[w jh ikBs/ fgnko/, fe;[ gfj ejT[ ;[BkfJ]
s{z dksk ihn ;GBk ek, s/ok fdsk gfjofj ykfJ]
i' s{z eoktfj ;' eoh fgnko/, nto[ feS[ eoD[ B ikfJ]
fdB[ o?fD ;G ;[jktD/ fgnko/, fis[ ighn? jfo BkT[]H(432)
! jfo f;woB eh ;rbh p/bk] jfo f;woB[ pj[ wkfj fJe/bk]HH
BkBe eT[ gqG feogk Xkfo]
;kf; ;kf; jfo d/j[ fuskfo](1150)
! e[opkD ikJh T[;[ t/bk ;[jkth,fis[ s[wo? d[nko? nkfJnk]
BkBe eT[ gqG GJ/ feqgkbk, ;fsr[o[ g{ok gkfJnk](749)
! nkm gjo gqG[ ngBk fXnkJhn?, r[ogq;kfd GT[ sohn?]
nkg[ fsnkfr j'Jhn? ;G o/Dk, ihtfsnK fJT[ wohn?] (750)
! ;k t/bk, ;' w{os[, ;k xVh, ;' w[js[ ;cb[ j? w/oh fizdVhJ/,
(119)

fis[ jfo w/ok fufs nkt? okw] (540)
! i/ t/bk tys[ thukohn? sk fes[ t/bk Grfs j'fJ]
nBfdB[ Bkw/ ofsnk ;u/ ;uh ;'fJ]
fJe[ fsb[ fgnkok th;o? Grfs feB/jh j'fJ] (35)
;koz; L^ iBw s'A b? e/ ;koh T[wo r[o{ dh f;Zfynk r[opkDh
nB[;ko ihtB pshs eohJ/. pkeh tfjw Gow fdB uzr/ wzd/, ;zrqKdK
wZf;nk g[zfBnk, ;G fJe' fij/ jB. i/ wB[Zy y[d p[ok j? T[; tes uzrk
fdB eh eo/rk < i/ fJB;kB y[d Gbk j? sK e'Jh ny"sh p[ok fdB T[;dk
e[ZM BjhA ftrkV ;e/rk. r[of;Zy B/ nekb g[oy s/ Go';k oZyDk j?.
;fsr[o{ dh gktB pkDh gVQ e/, ftuko e/, ;wM e/, fJ; w[skpe ihtB
pshs eoBk j?. r[otke jB ^
wfs gqrk; GJh jfo fXnkfJnk, frnkfB ss[ fbt bkfJ]
nzsfo i'fs gqrNh wB[ wkfBnk, jfo ;fji ;wkfX brkfJ]
fjod? egN[ fBs egN[ ewktfj, w[yj[ jfo jfo ;[DkfJ]
nzsfo b'G[ wjk r[pkok, s[j e[N? d[y ykfJ](1199)
i/ ;' ;kb se fizdrh j't/, nB/e gqeko d/ gdkoE SZe ;[y G'r
e/ ;wK fpskJhJ/. sK Gh ;koh T[wo ;wM' p/eko ubh rJh. id'A
fBozeko dk j[ew (fBnw) ;wM nk frnk, T[jh fdB gqtkB j'Jnk
wzfBnk ikt/rk. gVQ' ^
i/ ;T[ tfoQnK ihtD ykD[..
y;w gSkD? ;' fdB[ gotkD[.. (350)
(120)

Xow ftfdnk io{oh feT[A<
fJj ;tkb pj[s tko T[mkfJnk iKdk j? fe fJB;kB bJh Xow
(Xow dk frnkB) feT[A iao{oh j?. fJ; iao{oh ;tkb B{z eJh tko ‘Y[Zuo
iK j[Zis’ nky e/ NkbD dh e'f;a;a ehsh iKdh j?, i' fe ;ok;o rbs
j?. i/ y[d B{z gsk Bk j't/ sK ;gZ;aN ;theko eo b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe
w?A fJ; v{zx/ ;tkb dk i[nkp d/D s'A n;woZE jK. fit/A w";w w[skpe
eZgV/ gkJhd/ jB. fit/A ezw dh fe;w nB[;ko gfjoktk gfjBhdk j?.
fit/A d/;^ekb^;fGnsk w[skpe gfjokt/ dh iao{os g?Adh j?. d{i/
Bzpo ’s/ n;hA ;oho B{z ubdk oZyD bJh g";afNe nkjko eod/ jK.
ykDk gfjBDk ;oho dh b'V j?. fJj b'V ;w/A^;w/A pdbdh ofjzdh j?.
fJ;/ soQK wB iK nkswk dhnK nkgDhnK e[M b'VK jB. d[fBnkthA s"o
s/ ekw:kph gqkgs eoB bJh bzw/ ;w/A sZe ftfdnk gVQBh g?Addh j?.
fiazdrh d/ nB/eK j'o siop/ jk;b eoB/ g?Ad/ jB. fJj ;ko/ ezw
eofdnK wksk fgsk pZfunk dh Xow ftfdnk tb'A nt/;b/ j' iKd/ jB.
jo ekoi dk i/ mhe ;wK fB;afus Bk ehsk ikt/ sK jZE gZb/ ekw:kph
BjhA br/rh. ;[bM/ j'J/ r[DK Bkb Gog{o, fwmp'bV/ goT[gekoh,
r[ow[yh ;{os ns/ ;hos tkb/ fJB;kB pBkT[D ftZu Xow ftfdnk dk
;G s'A tZX gqGkt g?Adk j?.
fJZe sk nkw f;Zy wksk fgsk, Xow s'A y[d nDikD jB.
T[BQK d/ GkD/ E'VQh fizBh edh^edh (fpBK ;wM/ jh) r[opkDh gVQ bJh,
edh ;wK bZfrnk sK r[od[nko/ ik e/ wZEk N/fenk, d/r eokJh, bzro
Sfenk s/ tkg; nk rJ/, j' frnk Xow g{ok. fe;/ ftnkj ;akdh iK
j'o d[Zy ;[Zy d/ ;w/A gkm eotk fdZsk. e[M ;wK ehosB j' frnk.
nodk;, j[ewBkwk, bzro s/ ;wkgsh, pZ; j' frnk Xow uZeo g{ok.
fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ B{z ;aoXk dk fJZe fjZ;k sK wzfBnk ik ;edk j? go
fJj Xow edkfus BjhA j?. wksk fgsk e/tb ;aoXktkB jB go T[BQK
fJj b/y :{He/H c/oh ;w/A r[odtkok f;zx ;Gk ;b'n (bzvB) d/ gqpzXeK dh f;cko; s/
fbfynk ;h. T[jBK fJ; dhnK ekghnK eotk e/ ;zrsK ftu tzvhnK. ^ b/ye
(121)

B{z Xow dk frnkB BjhA j?. B"itkB spek (pZu/) frnkBtkB jB go
Xow gZy'A ;ZyD/ jB. T[BQK B{z Xow dk frnkB BjhA j?, ;z;koh frnkB
j? s/ ;aoXk th BKj d/ pokpo j?.
;kvk nkw Xow gqukoe nzro/iah nkfd ftZu r[owfs dh
ftnkfynk eoB' n;woZE j?. i/ T[j gzikph ftZu e[M ftfynkB eodk
th j? sK fe;/ bVhtko soshp ftZu BjhA. nekb sys ;kfjp tZb'A
gqwkDs ns/ P'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A gqek;as, ‘f;Zy
ofjs wfo:kdk’ d/ dkfJo/ ftZu ofj e/, gquko BjhA ehsk ik fojk
;r'A nB/e gqeko dh v/o/dkoh B{z T[s;akjs ehsk ik fojk j?. gzikp
ftZu nkg'^nkgD/ ;zsK dh wfonkdk j?, T[BQK dhnK po;hnK, T[BQK
dhnK fBZih fe;w dhnK ejkDhnK B{z jh r[owfs wzBD dh fiZd g[rkJh
ik ojh j?. pj[frDsh gqpzXeK B{z Xow dk e'Jh frnkB BjhA s/
pj[fsnK B{z Xow Bkb fgnko th e'Jh BjhA. r[o{ dh r'be B{z Be' BZe
fet/A GoBk j?, pZ; fJjh fJZe Nhuk w[Zy j?. BthA fJwkos, bzro,
;ajhdh czv, ykfb;skB dh gqkgsh bJh czv gzikp ftZu (iK fes/ th) uZb
oj/ ;e{b, ekbi, j;gskbK d/ BktK s/ nEkj XB fJeZmk ehsk frnk
j? go pj[s g?;k ;jh EktK s/ BjhA g[Zfink. pd/;K ftZu r[od[nkok ew/
NhnK d/ w[yh gzE dh uVQdhebk tk;s/ e'Jh ;KMk ;koEe edw BjhA
u[Ze ;e/. fBih ;[y ;j{bsK Gkt/A eJhnK B/ r[o{ xoK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb
gqkgs eo bJhnK j'D.
fJXo gVQh s/ gqtkB uVQh f;Zy gBhoh T[go toDs ezwK s'A
edkfus ;zs[;aN BjhA j?. id'A edh fJBQK pZfunK^itkBK B{z g[ZS bJhdk
j? fe s[jkB{z r[od[nko/ ;G s'A tXhnk fejVh rZb brdh j? sK itkp
j[zdk j? ‘ih bzro’ feT[Afe ehosB iK eEk gkm T[BQK dh ;wM s'A goQ/
j?. ;e{b ftZu gfjbh iwks s'A b? e/ ekbi dh gVQkJh g{oh j'D sZe jo
iwks dk ft;ak nbZr j[zdk j?, wk;No nbZr j[zdk j?. jo pZu/ dh
fdbu;gh dk yk; fynkb oZfynk iKdk j?. go pV/ d[Zy dh rZb j? fe
;kv/ brGr ;ko/ r[od[nkfonK ftZu Bt iBw/ pZu/ s'A b? e/ ;" ;kb d/
pI[or sZe ;kfonK dk gkm^eow fJe' jh j[zdk j?. fJBQK ;kfonK dk
id'A wkBf;e gZXo fJe' fijk BjhA sK ;b/p; fJe' fijk fet/A ehsk ik
(122)

;edk j?<
Bt iBw/ pZu/ B{z b? e/ gsh gsBh vkeNo e'b g[ZSD ub/ rJ/
^ ‘ih n;hA nkgD/ pZu/ B{z uzrh f;Zfynk fe; T[wo s'A P[o{ eohJ/< ’
‘iBw s'A fJZe ;kb gfjbK.’
vkeNo dk i[nkp ;h. Gkt fe i' e[M pZu/ B{z f;ykT[Dk
gVQkT[Dk ukj[zd/ j', fJZe ;kb gfjbK y[d gVQ', fsnkoh eo', fco pZu/ B{z
gVQk ;e'r/.
;w/A f;o fdZsh ;jh f;Zynk d[nkok jkEh x'V/ ;a/o nkfd th
T[sw doi/ d/ eosZt ftykT[D i'r j' iKd/ jB. ;oe; ftZu ;kfonK
t/fynk j? fe fJZe f;nkDk fozr wk;No fet/A ysoBke ikBtoK s'A th
pzfdnK tor/ ezw eotk b?Adk j?. fco uzr/ T[;skd ;kv/ B"itkBK s'A
uzr/ ezw feT[A BjhA eotk ;ed/< B"itkBK ftZu mkmK wkodk nEkj i';a
ns/ nzBh skes j[zdh j?. i/ T[; ;aesh B{z ;jh w'V Bk fdZsk ikt/ sK
Ujh skes e[okj/ g? e/ popkdh dk ekoB th pD ikfJnk eodh j?.
po;ks dk gkDh jVQ dk o{g Xko e/ spkjh wuk fdnk eodk j?. T[;/
gkDh B{z pzB wko e/ BfjoK okjhA iao{os tkbhnK EktK s/ gj[zukfJnk
ik ;edk j?. fJE'A jh v?w T[;ko e/ fpibh g?dk ehsh ik ;edh j?, i'
nB/e ezw ;[nkodh j?.
i/ fJZe uzr/ fe;kB B/ y/sh eoBh j't/ sK T[; B{z iao{oh s"o s/
thj ;kbK tk;s/ ;ehw fsnko eoBh gt/rh sK fe y/sh s'A tZX w[Bkck
fbnk ik ;e/. i/ pkr bkT[Dk j't/ sK gzikj ;kbk ;ehw fsnko eoBh
j't/rh sK fe tX s'A tZX ewkJh ehsh ik ;e/. fJ;/ soQK i/ e"w dk
GftZy, w{zj w[jKdok ;tkoB dk ;Zu/ fdb'A dod j? sK xZN' xZN ;" ;kbk
;ehw fsnko eoBh gt/rh fe feBQK YzrK sohfenK, ;kXBK d[nkok
B"itkBK B{z nkgD/ Xow iK fto;/ Bkb i'fVnk ik ;e/ Bt/A iwkB/ dhnK
b'VK w[skpe, Bt/A iwkB/ d/ ;kXB tos e/, ftfrnkBe bhjK s/
ubfdnK Xow d/ T[sw n;{bK B{z pZfunK sZe g[Zidk ehsk ikt/. toBk
pj[s d/o j' u[Zeh j't/rh.
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ fe;/ B{z d';a BjhA fdZsk, fe;/ dh T[vhe
BjhA ehsh. p; bzw/ Xow gquko d"o/ s'A pknd eoskog[o t;k e/ s[ozs
(123)

nwbh ezw P[o{ eo fdZsk. T[BQK fJj pjkBk BjhA bfJnk fe je{ws
pVh iakbw j?, fpBk g[ZfSnK fe;/ B{z th esb ehsk ik ;edk j?. T[BQK
fJj Y[Zuo th BjhA vkjh fe nkb/ d[nkb/ gkyzvh XowhnK d/ pj[s N'b/
Xow n;EkBK ’s/ ekpi jB. gkyzv fto[ZX nktkia p[bzd eoB ’s/ T[j
w/ok e'Jh th B[e;kB eo ;ed/ jB. T[BQK fJj f;aetk th Bk ehsk fe
nkw b'eh pV/ Bk;wM jB. frnkB dh v{zxh ftuko fJBQK d/ ;wM ftZu
jh BjhA g?Adh. fJj bkuko b'e ;oeko tb'A dfj;asidk jB. Xow d/
m/e/dkoK tb'A G?n^Ghs ehs/ rJ/ jB. nkoEe gZy'A ezrkb j' u[Ze/ jB.
;aoQ/piako fJBQK dhnK fJZiasK o'bhnk ik ojhnK jB, fco th fJBQK ftZu
T[FZuk ;kj b?D dh i[noZs BjhA ikrh. nfij/ fpyV/ jkbks ftZu w?A fet/
A ;cbsk jk;b eo ;eKrk< go T[BQK nekb g[oy dk UN nk;ok b?
e/, bzwh :'iBk fsnko eoe/, eoskog[o ;kfjp fty/, Bt/A ;wki, Bt/
A fJB;kB, BthA e"w dh T[;koh nkozG fdZsh.
fJfsjk; rtkj j? fe ;wK Gkt/A pj[s bZrk, n"eVK th pj[s
nkJhnK. go T[BQK B/ wB[Zysk B{z ;g{zoBsk dhnK p[bzdhnK s/ g[uk
fdZsk. f;o ;[ZN e/ w[odk fijh fiazdrh fiT[D tkb/ b'e, f;o T[FZu/ eoe/
fjZeK skD e/ ybQ' rJ/. ikbw je{ws dk sysk gbN fdZsk. gkyzvh
XowhnK dk i{bk rb'A bkj fdZsk. nBgVQsk ekfJosk, nfrnkBsk goQ/
trkj wkohHHH. eh nZi n;hA Xow gqukoe iK Xow n;EkBK d/ w[yh
phs/ dhnK fJBQK T[sw f;fynktK s'A e'Jh ;koEe ;/X b? e/ ekoi
nkozG eo ;eKr/<
fe;kB dk p/Nk fpBk pj[sh f;ybkJh s'A y/sh eoBh f;Zy iKdk
j?. pkDhJ/ dk g[Zso fpBk yk; y/ub s'A d[ekBdkoh f;Zy iKdk j?. tehb
dh n"bkd pj[s e[M fgsk s'A f;Zy b?Adh j?. B{zjK XhnK, wktK ;Z;K s'A
fpBK w[;aeb d/ pj[s ;ko/ ezw f;Zy b?AdhnK jB. uzr/ th s/ p[o/ th.
fco fJZe f;Zy dk g[Zso Xh f;Zy feT[A BjhA pD ;edk< eh f;Zy pDBk
e'Jh p[ok ezw j? iK pj[s jh i'yw Gfonk ezw j?< Bk pj[sk n"yk j?
s/ Bk jh p[ok j?< p; gfjbK wksk fgsk B{z nkg r[owfs d/ XkoBh
pDBk gt/rk, gkyzv^Xowh BjhA. r[owfs d/ frnksk pDBk gt/rk,
nfrnkBh iK nzXft;atk;h BjhA. nkgD/ xo B{z Xow;kb dk o{g d/Dk
(124)

gt/rk, ebjk^eb/; dk nZvk BjhA. r[ow[yK tkbh feos, r[ow[yK tkbk
nkuko ftjko XkoB eoBk gt/rk sK jh pZfunK s/ n;o g? ;e/rk.
;kv/ fBs d/ p[o/ feodko s/ ftjko B{z t/y e/ pZu/ f;Zyh wzvb ftZu BjhA
nk ;eDr/.
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB dk fBih ihtB bkfw;kb ;h. fizadrh d/ jo
y/so ftZu T[BQK B/ Bt/A ehoshwkB ;Ekgs ehs/. T[BQK d/ T[sw T[gd/
;a ns/ goT[gekoh ihtB t/y e/ b'eh G"fonK gszfrnK dh soQK T[BQK
d[nkb/ nk i[Vd/ ;B. T[BQK tor/ sK n;hA BjhA pD ;eKr/ go T[BQK d/
f;ZyK tor/ f;Zy sK pD ikJhJ/. fco ;kv/ pZu/ ;kvk ihtB s/ ;kvk
T[gd/;a ;[D t/y e/ iao{o jh f;Zyh XkoB eoBr/ s/ nr'A j'oBK bJh
Bw{Bk pD ikDr/.
;fsr[o{ ih gktB pkDh ftZu Xow ftfdnk pko/ e[M fJT[A T[gd/
;a eod/ jBL^
1H w/o/ okw, jw pkfoe jfo gqG e/ j? fJnkD/..
XzB[ XzB[ r[o{ r[o[ ;fsr[o[ gkXk, fifB jfo T[gd/;[ d/ ehJ/ f;nkD/.. (168)
2H nkg/ ukN;kb nkfg j? gkXk, nkg/ ukNV/ gVB eT[ nkD/..
nkg/ fgsk wksk j? nkg/, nkg/ pkbe eo/ f;nkD/.. (552)
3H ;fs ;zrfs ;fsr[o uN;kb j? fis jfo r[D f;yk..
XzB ;[ o;Bk, XzB eo, XzB ;[ gkXk ;fsr[o{ fis fwfb jfo b/yk fbyk..(1316)
g{sk wksk eh n;h;..
fBwy B fp;oT[ s[w eT[ jfo jfo, ;dk Gij[ irdh;(496)
(125)

g'Eh gow/;o ek EkB[
d[BhnK Go ftZu Xow B/ wB[Zysk B{z ;dk jh gqGkts ehsk j?.
fij' fijh fJj d[BhnK nZi Biao nk ojh j?, fJ; B{z fJ; nt;Ek ftZu
fbnkT[D bJh Xow f;XKsK B/, Xkowe w[yhnK B/ ns/ Xkowe rqzEK B/ ;[u/
s w[yh dk feodko fBGkfJnk j?. gowkswk Gkt/A nEkj r[Dk tkbk j?,
‘eosk Gosk s/ josk j?’, n;hw j? feT[Afe oZp fBoneko j?, fJ;
bJh nkw wB[Zy dh ;'u gj[zu s'A T[go j?. fe;/ ewia'oh ekoB
nDfrDs b'e, nkgD/ Xow w[yh B{z jh oZp nky fdnk eod/ ;B.
fJB;kB B{z nB/e p[okJhnK, ftekoK s'A j'V e/, Xow w[yhnK B/ B/eh,
goT[geko d/ Gb/ wkor s/ uZbD dh tko^tko gq/oBk ehsh. ;ko/ sK
Gkt/A Bk ;jh go fco th p/nzs b'e ;aoXk GktBk ;fjs nkgD/ Xow
w[yh d/ j[ew B{z ;theko eod/ jB. f;ZyK B{z fJ; rZb dk ft;/a;a wkD
j? fe T[BQK e'b nkgD/ wjkB Xow w[yhnK d/ gftZso T[gd/;a, ;jh
nt;Ek ftZu fpBK fwbktN s'A gj[zu rJ/ jB. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ftukoXkok
pj[gZyh j?. fizadrh d/ jo gfjb{ bJh nrtkJh eoB d/ :'r j?. ;z;ko
B{z fJZe fJekJh pDkT[D ftZu fBZro :'rdkB gkT[D bJh ;woZE j?. fJ;
gktB pkDh dhnK ;kohnK y{phnK fe;/ fJZe b/y ftZu nzfes eoBhnK
sK ;zGt BjhA jB, fco th ;wki d/ Gb/ fjZs, fJ; s'A nrtkJh b? e/
fiazdrh pshs ehsh ikt/ sK ;wki dk fujok^w'jok jh BjhA, wB ns/
nkswk ftZu th eqKshekoh pdbkU nk ;edk j?. ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
dk (nEkj ;kro ftu'A) e/tb fJZe ;b'e gkmeK ;Bw[Zy oZyD dh y[;ah
b? fojk jKL
;ab'e wjbk gfjbk (;kozr eh tko wjbk 4) gzBk 1240
1H ‘BkBe u[bhnK ;[uhnK i/ Gfo ikD/ e'fJ..’
fJ; ;z;koe g;ko/ ftZu, jo fJB;kB ;oho B{z gftZso iK
fBowb oZyD bJh :sB;ahb t/fynk ik ;edk j?. yk; fwE/ j'J/ shoEK
’s/ fJ;aBkB eoBk, T[gozs ;kX{nK, rohpK B{z G'iB SekT[Dk, o[gJ/,
eZgV/ dkB eoB/, Xow dk wjZstg{oB nzr wzfBnk iKdk ;h. fJj edh
fe;/ ;kX{ iK Xow w[yh B/ dkB eoB tkb/ s'A BjhA g[ZfSnk fe ‘GkJh s/
(126)

o/ e'b fJj dkB eoB :'r gdkoE nkfJnk fet/

ftZu g/N g{osh bJh nzB dkDk wzrD iKd/ j' sK ;z[do n"osK B{z ‘wksk
ih’ nky e/ y?o th wzrd/ j' s/ wB nzdo ekw mkmK wko fojk j[zdk j?.
eJh tkoh tk;Bk rq;s j' e/, e[eow th eo iKd/ j'. fJjh fpjso
BjhA fe xo ftZu ofj e/ jh, B/e ihtB pshs eo'. ish sK n;b ftZu
Ujh fJB;kB j? i' nkgD/ gsh$gsBh gqsh tckdko ofjzdk j?. fJ;
n;{b s'A GNfenK wB[Zy, fizBh woiah gftZsosk oZyD dk ftyktk eo/,
u[bhnK Go/, fe;/ noE BjhA. T[j ngftZso jh wzfBnk ikt/rk.
3H ‘pqkjwD u[bh ;zs'y eh frojh ek ;s[ dkB[..’
(T[jh) g[oksB ;fwnK ftZu pqkjwD dk ;wki T[s/ pj[s dpdpk ;h.
oki/ wjkoki/ tiaho u"Xoh ;ko/ jh pqkjwD s'A g[ZS e/ uZbd/ ;B. wB[Zy
d/ iBw s'A b? e/ woB sZe, ihtB dh jo fJZe fefonk g[ikoh (pqkjwD)
d/ nXhB ;h s/ j?. fi; fe;/ B/ iaok T[Gk;oB dh fjzws ehsh,
g[ikohnK dhnK tXhehnK fto[ZX w{zj y'fbQnk, T[; B{z ngwkBs ehsk
frnk. Bk;se nky e/ Gzfvnk frnk, BoeK dk nfXekoh rodkfBnK
frnk. i/ fco th fto'Xh fNekD/ f;o Bk nkfJnk sK f;o ebw eo
fdZsk frnk. pqkjwD d/ csftnK s'A w[esh dk fJZe' fJZe gqw[y ;kXB
;h ‘dkB’. n;b ftZu fJj dkB BjhA ;h pbfe ‘vkB’ Gkt vzv iK ;iak
;h. fJ; B{z ;iak pDB s'A gfjbK jh nkw ;/te pqkjwD nZr/ d't/A jZE
i'V e/, nfs nXhBrh ftZu y[d jh dkB eodk ofjzdk ;h sK fe fJj
vzv Bk pD ikt/. nkgD/ ;/teK B{z BoeK s'A puk e/ ;torK ftZu G/iD
bJh, pqkjwD ftukok T[BQK d/ “gkg” nkgD/ f;o b? b?Adk ;h. go fJ;
d/ ‘fwjBskB/’ dh ch; (dkBOvzv) tk;s/ nzB, XzB, ;'Bk, uKdh, p;so
s/ iawhB s'A fJbktk nkgDh itkB gsBh iK itkB p/Nh th pqkjwD dh
;/tk ftZu jkiao eoBh g?Adh ;h. i/ e'Jh ;/te f;ZX/ fij/ sohe/ rZb Bk
;wM/ sd'A ‘oki e'g’ (oki;h skes) okjhA nkgDh rZb wzBtk bJh iKdh
;h. fJ;/ bJh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[u/u/ s"o s/ nkfynk j? fe j/ gzvs, feqgk
eoe/ Xow d/ BK ’s/, fJj nDwB[Zyh I[bw Bk eo'. ihtB B{z ;zs'yh
pDkU, ykj;aK ’s/ ekp{ gkT[. s[jkv/ bJh fJjh j? n;bh gftZsosk ns/
(128)

u{bh GoBh.
rqfj;Eh wB[Zy B{z ;fsr[o{ ih B/ j[ew fdZsk GkJh s{z ;ukJh iK
B/eh d/ wkor s/ uZbDk j?. nkgD/ gfotko dh gkbDk tk;s/ XB ewkT[D
bJh rbs o;sk nyfsnko BjhA eoBk. Gkt/A ;kd/ ij/ ykD/ Bkb ihtB
fBopkj eoBk gt/, go d{i/ dk jZe BjhA y'jDk. d; By dh Gbh
feos eoBh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh tzv e/ SeDk j? feT[Afe s/o/ e'b nzB
g?dk eoB dh ;woZEk j?, i[rsh j?. fJ; bJh fiZE/ fes/ fJj t/y/A gJh
e'Jh G?D^Gok, pZuk^p[ZYk w[;aeb ftZu j?, T[; dh n"eV d{o eoB dh
e'f;a;a eohA. nkgD/ gfotko iK pZfunK B{z gP{^gzSh th gkbd/ jB, s{z
nkgD/ gfotko sZe ;hws Bk ofj e/, ;wki sZe ;GBK dh ;/tk ftZu
sZsgo ofjDk j?. j'o feXo/ fJ;aBkB eoB bJh shoEK ’s/ GNeD dh
s?B{z e'Jh b'V BjhA j?. s/ok fJjh n;bh shoE j?, ;wki d/ ewia'o
spfenK dh ;jkfJsk eoBh. i/ s{z fJ; soQK ihtB p;o eo/Ark sK
;wM b? s?B{z ;[ZuhnK u{bhnK GoB dh iku nk rJh, shoE fJ;aBkB j'
frnk, ftekoK dh w?b bfj rJh. tke jBL
jfo ib[ fBowb[ wB[ fJB;kBh wiB ;fsr[o[ GkJh.. (505)
4H ‘oki/ u[bh fBnkt eh gfVnk ;u[ fXnkB[..’
(T[jh) ;fsr[o{ ih B/ feogk eoe/ gow/;ao d/ xo'A p/nzs ehwsh yiakB/
fbnKd/ ns/ d'jhA jZEhA wB[Zysk ftZu toskJ/. i/ e'Jh ftnesh ;fsr[o{
ih s'A e[M b?Dk jh Bk ukj/ fco sK T[; dh Bk ;wMh jh nkyh ik ;edh
j?. ;fsr[o{ ih ek puB j?L
T{AX? GKv/ feS[ B ;wkt? ;hX? nzfwqs[ go? fBjko.. (503)
d/;a d/ oki/ dh pj[s tZvh fiazw/tkoh j[zdh j?, nkgD/ oki ftZu
ikB wkb, nkB ;akB ;G dh poeoko oZy/. ;kfonK B{z ;w/A f;o fJB;kc
d/t/. e'Jh fJZe ftnesh th oki ftZu G[Zyk^Bzrk Bk j't/, e'Jh fe;/ dk
jZe Bk y'jt/. oki dh g[fb; b'eK dh ;/te j't/, XZeV jkew Bk pD/.
;ko/ wfjefwnK d/ eowukoh s/ nc;o, b'eK d/ ezw fJwkBdkoh Bkb
eoB. ndkbsK ftZu fJB;kca fwb/, pj[s jh B/e ns/ wkfjo wB[Zy B{z
(129)

fJj tv/oh fiazw/tkoh ;"Agh ikt/. iZi ns/ ndkbs dk BK ;[DfdnK jh
ezpDh Bk fSV/, ;r'A wB B{z s;Zbh j't/ fe mhe c?;bk ehsk ikt/rk. c"iK
d/; B{z pkjoh ysfonK s'A pukT[D bJh sBd/jh Bkb ;/tk eoB.
vkeNo nkgDh ;/tk B{z goT[geko dh GktBk Bkb eoB. fJBQK ;GBK
s'A ezw eotkT[D tkbk j? okik. i/ d/; dk w[yh Bk nfjb j't/, n:k;a
j't/, fo;atsy'o j't/, ;ko/ torK Bkb fJZe' fijk fgnko Gfonk toskU
Bk eodk j't/, fco T[j okik Bk ofj e/ e;kJh dk o{g XkoB eo b?Adk
j?. T[; pko/ ;fsr[o{ dk c[owkB j?L
oki/ ;ahAj w[edw e[s/.. ikfJ irkfJfB p?m/ ;[s/..
ukeo Bjdk gkfJB xkT[.. os[ fgs[ e[fs j' ufN ikj[..(1288)
;ko/ d/; tk;h oki/ bJh nkgDh n"bkd tKr j'D. ;GBK dh
f;js dh szdo[;sh, nB/e gqekoh ftfdnk, T[gihtek d/ ;kXB,
BthnK ;[Zy ;j{bsK g?dk eoB bJh ftfrnkBhnK B{z T[s;akjs eoBk,
y/sh, tgko, ekoykB/ ns/ B"eohnK nkfd bJh gkJ/dko fBiakw dh
wiap{sh Bkb xkVs xVBh, fJj ;G fiazw/tkohnK pkd;akj dhnK jh sK
jB. i/ oki gqw[Zy Bk;wM, p/JhwkB ns/ j'o ftekoK Bkb bpo/ia j?
sK d/; tk;hnK dh fiazdrh d[ydkJh jh j't/rh. nZr/ oki/ B{z B/e ;bkj
d/D tkb/ ftdtkB iB j'fJnk eod/ jB. i/ oki gqw[Zy e[okj/ g? ikt/
sK ftdtkBK dk gqEw coia j? fe b'e fjs ftZu, fBvo j' e/ oki/ B{z wzd
ekfonK s'A toiD. i/ nfijk BjhA eod/ sK T[j ftdtkB BjhA wzB/ ik
;ed/. i/ T[j ;Zu dh nktkia ;w/A f;o p[bzd BjhA eod/ sK ekfJo jB.
gVQ/^fby/ f;nkD/ g[oyK B/ jh ;wki d/ fJ;soh wod B{z ikros eoBk
j[zdk j?. pj[gqekoh ftfdnk gVQk e/ ;jh wkfJfBnK ftZu d/;, Xow s/
;wki B{z T[g:'rh pDkT[Dk j[zdk j?. i/ ftdtkB iB bkbuh, B;aJh,
ftekoh, fo;ats nkfd n"r[DK ftZu roe j' rJ/ sK ;wki B{z e"D ;[wZs
d/t/rk< ;jh noEK ftZu ftdtkB jh T[j j? i' ftfdnk okjhA wB[Zysk
dk Gbk eodk j?.
5H ‘gkDh fus[ B X'gJh w[fy ghs? fsy ikfJ..
(130)

gkDh fgsk irs ek fcfo gkDh ;G ykfJ..’(1240)
j/ GkJh, ib ftZu fJ;aBkB eoB Bkb ;oho X'fJnk ik ;edk
j?. gkDh gh b?D Bkb fgnk; fwN iKdh j? go wB nzdob/ fteko s/
gkg eow tZv/ shoEK ’s/ BQkfsnK th BjhA T[sod/. :kd oZy', gkDh dh
p{zd (fpzd) ftZu'A jh iht g?dk j[zd/ jB. fco gkDh jh T[BQK B{z rbD ftZu
;jkfJsk eodk j?. T[go tofDs ihtB uZbD Bkb ;wki ;'jDk pD/
rk. uko ;" ;kbk gfjbk gqek;a fdt; wBkfJnk sK jh ;cb j't/rk,
i/ r[opkDh nB[;koh ihtB Yb/rk.
g'Eh gow/;o ek EkB[..
;kX ;zfr rktfj r[D r'fpzd g{oB pqjw frnkB[..(1226)
(131)

wkbk dh eokwks
;z;ko gqf;X ftdtkb ybhb fipokB B/ pVhnK gs/ dhnK rZbK
fbyhnK B/. Xow dk rb/c uVQk e/ Xkowe g[ikohnK tZb'A, i' nXow
c?bkfJnk frnk ;h. i' Xow d/ u'b/ gfjB e/, b'eK dh b[ZN ehsh ik ojh
;h. T[; tosko/ d/ ybhb ih B/ goyu/ T[Vk fdZs/. g[ikohnK tb'A Xow
g[;seK dh ehsh rbs ftnkfynk ƒ, fbysK s/ puBK okjhA izsk se
g[ukfJnk. fiBQK dh o'Ih o'Nh ns/ wkD fJZis fJ; gkyzv fefonk Bkb
i[Vh j'Jh ;h, T[j fsbwbk T[m/. fJ; ftdtkB dh wK :'oghnB r'oh
;h, s/ fgsk cb;shBh w[;bwkB. id'A fJ; B/ fJ;bkw irs dk e[co
Bzrk eoBk P[o{ ehsk sK w"bkfDnK B/ “pVh v{zxh ;'u ftuko” wro'A
fJ; ƒ fJ;bkw ftZu'A ykoi eo fdZsk. sK fe nfijk “gkgh”
ftnesh gftZso Xow ƒ, ebzes Bk eo/. e[M jh ;kb phs/ ;B fe
fJ;kJh gkdohnK dh BhAd T[Zv rJh. fJ; dhnK eoKshekoh fbysK B/
:'og ftZu jbub wuk fdZsh. “tZv/ f;nkD/ Xow w[yhnK B/” ob
e/, nfij/ Bk;se pzd/ s'A fJ;kJh Xow ƒ pukT[D tk;s/ ybhb
fipokB ƒ fJ;kJhns ftZu'A S/e fdZsk. ;wK nkgDh ukb/ ubdk frnk,
ybhb Gh nkgDh ;'u w[skpe b/y g[;seK fbydk fojk. thj ;kb phs
rJ/, ;z;ko gZXo s/ fJ; dh ftdtsk ƒ pj[s ;bkfjnk frnk.
ftdtkBK dhnK wfjcbK ftu jo tes fJ;/ dhnK fbysK dk fIeo j'D
bZrk. e[ZM jh ;w/A nzdo fJ;ƒ fJ;kJh Xow w[yhnK ns/ w[;bwkB
Xow w[yhnK B/ nkgD/ nkgD/ Xow ftZu tkg; b?D dk n?bkB eo
fdZsk.
fJ;dh fbys ftu'A ;zy/g fij/ d' jtkb/ gkmeK ;Bw[Zy oZy fojk
jK, sK fe g[ikoh Pq/Dh dh “yk;hns” ;"fynK ;wMh ik ;e/.
“w?A wjkswk p[ZX ƒ ;[fDnk, f:;{ w;hj d/ T[gd/P ;[D/, t/dK
ƒ gfVQnk, rhsk dk nfXn?B ehsk. w[jzwd ƒ f;idk ehsk, (r[o{)
BkBe d/ gqtuB ;[D/. ftdtkBK dhnK wfjcbK ftZu frnk, tZv/ tZv/
Xow w[yhnK ƒ ;[fDnk. w?A s;hj/ MZb/, wkoK ykXhnK, e?dK eZNhnKHHHHH.
go w?A ni/ Gh gfjbK fijk jh jK ;[Xfonk BjhA s/ Bk jh ;[XoKrkHHHH.”
(132)

“w?A d[BhnK x[zw e/ t/yh` izrbK s'A PfjoK tZb, M[Zrhnk s'A
wfjbK tZb. w?A e"wK ƒ tXfdnK s/ v[pfdnK t/fynk. w?A oki
GtBk, ekbiK, wzdoK, pbh p/dhnK s/ frnk. w?A goy ehsh fe
wIp{o (ewI'o) nwho dk r[bkw j?. nwho nkdwh f;gkjh dk
r[bkw j?. f;gkjh ioB?b dk r[bkw j?. ioB?b pkdPkj dk r[bkw
j?. pkdPkj g[ikoh dk r[bkw j?. s/ g[ikoh fJZe fBofizd w{osh dk
r[bkw j?. w{osh i' fwZNh dh pDh j'Jh j?. fi; ƒ P?skB B/ wB[Zyh
y{B ftZu r[zB e/, w[odk y'gohnK d/ Y/o T[go fNekfJnK j'fJnk
j?. wohnK nkswk tkb/ gkgh wB[Zy, fJjBK w{oshnK ns/ g[ikohnK
dh g{ik eod/ jB.”
;fsr[o{ ih B/ nekb g[oy d/ nBzs yIkB/ ftu'A, wB[Zysk d/
efbnkD tk;s/ f;X/ ;kd/ T[gd/P, r[opkDh okjhA ;kv/ se ;[oZfyns
g[uk fds/. fJjBK r[otkeK ftZu i' w[Zy f;XKs T[xVe/ ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk
j?, T[j fJT[A fpnkB ehsk ik ;edk j?.
;' w[esk ;z;kfo fi r[fo T[gd/f;nk]
fs;eh rJh pbkfJ fwN/ nzd/f;nk]
fs;ek do;B[ d/fy irs[ fBjkb[ j'fJ]
iB e? ;zfr fBjkb[ gkgk w?b[ X'fJ]
nzfwqs[ ;kuk BkT[ T[E? ikghn?]
wB eT[ j'fJ ;zs'y[ G[yk Xqkghn?]
fi;[ xfN tf;nk BkT[ fs;[ pzXB ekNhn?]
r[o gq;kfd feB? ftob? jfo XB[ ykNhn?] (519)
noE L^ ;fsr[o{ dh f;Zfynk s/ uZbD tkbk wB[Zy, ;z;ko d/
pzXBK s'A w[es j' iKdk j?. ;G soQK d/ fceo M'o/ r[o{ f;Zfynk Bkb
ysw j' iKd/ jB, feT[Afe wB[Zy rbshnK eodk jh BjhA. nfij/ B/e
fJB;kB d/ goT[gekoh ;[Gk B{z t/y e/, jo e'Jh y[P j[zdk j?. d{finK
ƒ uzrh wZs d/ e/, r[ow[y iB, T[jBK d/ fteko Gh eZN fdzdk j?. ;fsr[o{
dk nzfwqs tork T[gd/; jh ihtB dk nk;ok pD iKdk j?. ;dk wB
;zs'y nt;Ek ftZu fNfenk ofjzdk j?. ;kohnK GZ[yK dh Bftosh j'
iKdh j?. fi; r[of;Zy d/ fjod/ ftZu ;fsr[o{ dk T[gd/P t; frnk. T[j
(133)

jo soQK d/ pzXBK s'A w[es j' frnk. r[o{ dh feogk d[nkok fe;/ ftob/
wB[Zy ƒ nfijh T[uh wkBf;e nt;Ek gqkgs j[zdh j?. fJj jfo XB
r[o{ dk T[gd/P jh j?.
w{b[ wfs gotkDk J/j' BkBe nkfy ;[DkJ/]
eoDh T[gfo j'fJ sgkt;[ i/ e' ej? ejkJ/](1238)
noE L^ n? r[of;y'` ;kohnK ftukoK dh w{b ftuko fJj j?
fe s[jkv/ ehs/ uzr/ wzd/ ezwK ƒ goy e/, fBozeko B/ c?;bk eoBk j?.
T[; tZvh ndkbs ftZu e'Jh foPts iK fP|ko; BjhA ubdh. fJj yoh
ftuko BkBe ;kfonK d/ ;Bw[y oy fojk j?.
i/s/ ihn fbyh f;foeko] eoDh T[gfo j'tfr ;ko](1168)
noE L^ fBozeko ih dk nNZb fBnw ;kfonK T[go bkr{ j'
fojk j?. T[; s'A e'Jh pue/ BjhA bzx ;edk. ;ko/ iht T[;d/ pDkJ/
pzXB ftZu ihtB p;o eo oj/ jB. fJB;kB fij' fij/ eow eodk
j? (B/eh pdh) T[;dk c?;bk T[;/ nB[;ko j't/rk.
BkBe nT[r[D i/sV/ s/s/ rbh iziho]
i/ r[D j'fB s eNhnfB ;/ GkJh ;/ pho] (595)
noE L^ j/ GkJh` wB[Zy i' p[o/ ezw eodk iKdk j?, T[j ;ko/
T[;dh fIzdrh bJh o[ektNK (Gko) pDd/ ub/ iKd/ jB. wkB'A ieVB
tk;s/ rb ftZu izihoK g? rJhnK. nT[r[D SZve/ r[DK ƒ Gok ikDe/
;fj:'rh pDkJhJ/. Gkt ntr[D fsnkrD/ s/ r[D XkoB eoB/ Io{oh
jB, fJ;/ ƒ ;|b ihtB nkfynk ik ;edk j?.
nZi id'A f;Zy gzE dh dPk tZb fXnkB iKdk j? sK f;o fgZN e/
ofj ikJhdk j?. frnkB jk;b eoBk, B/e s/ gke ihtB pDkT[Dk phs/
dh rb gqshs j[zdh j?. p; c"oh s"o s/ nZy d/ c'o ftZu ;kohnK
wB'ekwBktK g{ohnK j' ikD, ;ko/ d[y eb/P eZN/ ikD Xowh j'D dk MZN
gowkD gZso fwb ikt/. ezw T[jh eohJ/ i' ;kvk wB eo/. fJ;
nfrnkBsk tkbh fposh dk b[N/o/ g[ikohnK B/ y{p bkjk yZfNnk j?.
nD G'b ;/teK ƒ uzrh ws d/D dh Ekt/A, fJj g[ikoh fJ;/ ske ftZu
ofjzd/ jB fe i/pK ftu'A wkfJnk fet/A eYkJh ikt/. id'A nkw f;Zy
r[odtko/ iKdk j? sK e[M XB r'be ftZu gkT[Adk j?. d' uko dwV/ ;N/i
(134)

s/ p?m/ iE/ BfwZs Gh oydk j?. fco d/r Gh eotkDh j'Jh. bzro tk;s/
nbZr gouh, fpbfvzr czv bJh nbZr wkfJnk. pkd ftZu fe;/ nBkE
rohp dh ;jkfJsk bJh nghb, fe;/ ftXtk, fpwko iK o'rh dh
;jkfJsk tk;s/ nghb. fco ft;/a;a g[opK bJh T[rokjh tZyoh. fJZe
tkoh nkdwh r[odtko/ ubk ikt/ sK nkgD/ nkg ƒ b[ZfNnk g[ZfNnk
fijk wfj;{; eodk j?. Xkofwe PoXk t;, e[ZM p'b Gh BjhA ;edk.
sZs r[ows dh e'Jh T[u/oh f;Zfynk Gh gZb/ BjhA g?AdhHHHHH. fJjh
toskok bzw/ ;w/A s'A tosdk nk fojk j?. nfrnkBsk ftZu v[Zp/
PoXkb{nK e'b'A, wkfJnk pN'oB d/ e[M j'o Gh Yzr sohe/ jB. fJZe
j? eko ;/tk tkbh T[rokjh. fJ; ny"sh eko ;/tk okjh fJjBK tZv/
;/tkdkoK B/ ;kohnK fJfsjk;e fBPkBhnK spkj eo fdZshnK B/. f;ZyK
ƒ ezrkb eo SZfvnk j?, s/ oki;EkB tkb/ gZEoK d/ wkbeK ƒ, wkbkwkb
eo fdZsk j?. pkfpnK dhnK nkgDhnK sK gzi/ fxT[ ftZu jB jh. T[wo
Go dhnK o'NhnK yohnK ^ “eko ;/tk ftZu'A ekoK GhHHH”.
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ gow ;/te GkJh wodkBk ih B/ sK
f;Zyh ewkJh, f;Zyh ihtB ihftnk, T[wo Go ;fsr[o{ dh ji{oh ftZu
ofj e/ ;zrsK ƒ r[oT[gd/P ;otD eokfJnk. T[;B/ ngDk ihtB
;cbk eo fbnk. T[;dh nT[bkd Gh e[ZM ;wK pkd ftZu fJj ;/tk
fBGkT[Adh ojh d;hdh j?. d;w gkfs;kj ji{o s'A wro'A fw;bK d/
fGnkBe ;w/A ;G fe;w d/ “ehosBh iE/ fsZso” j' rJ/. fJ; ;"
;kb d/ ;w/A ftZu, b'V w[skpe fw;bK ftub/ f;zxK B/ y[d jh gkm ehsk.
y[d jh ehosB s/ y[d jh eEk ftuko eo fbnk eod/ ;B. tyoh e'Jh
Pq/Dh BjhA ;h. wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A, id'A t/fynk f;yK dh
uVs j' rJh j?, sK j'oBK fpwkohnK tKr fJj “ehosB dh fpwkoh
Gh f;o ƒ uVQ rJh.” fXnkB d/Dk ehos, ehosh, ehosB, i;
tfvnkJh, ;'Gk, T[;ss, f;fynk, T[gd/P, j[ew, ;G ;wkB
noEK ftZu tos/ rJ/ jB. oDihs f;zx d/ oki wro'A wodkB/ dh
nz; tz; gorN j' rJh s/ bZr/ “ehosB” dhnK sozrK S/VB. fJjBK
d/ g[ofynK B/ id'A t/fynk fe “fjzr br/ B cNeVh s/ ozr Gh u'yk
nkt/” d/ b'e nykD w[skpe u[e bJ/ ;ki. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh f;yh
(135)

sK XkoB Bk ehsh, T[jBK dh pkDh d[nkok wkfJnk pj[s fJeZmh eo
bJh. nr'A tXd/ tXd/ eJh ;ko/ iE/ pD rJ/ i' d/; ftd/P d/ f;yK ƒ
“skoB” bJh uZb gJ/ jB. y[d fJj ehosBhJ/ e/;K s'A ofjs jB,
szpke{ dh tos'A Gh eod/ jB. fJ;bkw dhnK ;kohnk PosK ƒ
;thekod/, gZe/ w[;bwkB jB. nZr'A ƒ fJjBK d/ fe;/ fJZe Gh w?Apo
dk f;Zyh XkoB eoB pko/ e'Jh fJokdk BjhA. fco Gh f;ZyK ƒ ehosB
;[Dke/ p[ZX{ pDk oj/ jB. uzrh w'Nh ewkJh eoe/ fbiKd/ jB s/ f;ZyK
dh ew nebh s/ y{p j;d/ jB.
gzikp ftZu f;Zyh ;o{g XkoB ehs/ pj[s ehosBh iE/ t/y/ ik
;ed/ jB. fJjBK ftZu'A pj[s/ fwok;h w[;bwkB fgS'eV tkb/ jB.
ehosB dh pd"bs fJjBK B/ Gkt/A eo'VK o[g? ewk bJ/. ekoK e'mhnK
tkb/ pD rJ/ fIzdrh dhnK ;kohnK ;[y ;j{bsK wkD oj/ jB. fco Gh
nkgD/ fgSb/ w[;bwkBK tkb/ ;z;eko o;w' fotki nZi se fJjBK B/
BjhA fsnkr/. j'o sK j'o nkgD/ gotko d/ wo/ gqkDh ƒ nrB G/N BjhA
eod/, ;r'A epo ftZu dZpd/ jB. r[odtkok ;N/i s/ nkT[D bJh e/tb
pkjoh G/y (dkjVh e/;) XkoB eo fbnk. nzdo f;Zyh n;{b sK d{o
dh rb ;r'A fJ;bkwe ;oQk w[skpe ihtB p;o eod/ jB. f;Zy
w[yhnK B/ edh “shik B/so” y'jb e/ t/yD dh e'fPP BjhA ehsh. pkeh
ehosBh ifEnK, YkvhnK, eEktkueK rqzEhnK s/ gqpzXeK d/ xoK se
gj[zu eoe/, g[ZS gVskb ehsh ikt/, sK ;G e[M ikDe/ G[ZpK fBeb
ikDrhnK. e'Jh ftobk gotko f;Zyh ;o{g s/ f;Zyh ubD tkbk Gkt/A
bZG ikt/, toBk “Xow[ gzy efo T[vfonk” tkbh jkbs nkw t/yh
ik ;edh j?. jK ehosB dopkoK ftub/ fJeZmK ƒ t/ye/, Gkt/A e'Jh
c[Zfbnk fco/ fe f;Zyh dh uVQdh ebk j' ojh j?. brgr 90# f;Zy
nytkD tkb/ e/; eNtk u[e/ jB. dhtkBk ftZu d;skoK xZN s/ o[wkbK
f;oK s/ pj[shnK BIo nkT[AdhnK jB. d[Bhnk dk “Bzpo fJZe
;okph dk gNk” f;Zy rb ftZu g[nk u[e/ jB. r[opkDh d/ T[FZsw
n;{bK s'A f;Zy g{oh soQK nDikD jB go ehosB d/ tki/ y{p tZi oj/
jB. d/rK s/ bzro pV/ ;i oj/ jB. nopK yopK o[fgnk o'jV e/
Gh f;Zy f;Zyh s'A e'jK d{o jB.
(136)

id'A “wodkB/ fenk” ƒ wkfJnk dhnK gzvK pzBQe/ tkg;
gosd/ t/fynk sK ;kJhA whnK who d/ tkfo;K d/ w{zj ftZu Gh gkDh Go
nkfJnk. id'A T[jBK B/ okJ/ eZbk d/ tkfo; u"Xoh nBkfJT[bk ykB ƒ
wkfJnk d/ nzpko s/ p?mk t/fynk sK f;o ueok frnk. wBk fJj sK
ehosBhJ/ jB, ehosB f;ZyDk j? Gh n"yk. fco i/ n;hA d' ;[oK tki/
s/ eZY Gh bJhnK sK eb eb"D ƒ “wodkB/ fenK B/ ;kvh g'b y'jb d/Dh
j?. fe fJj n;bh ehosBhJ/ BjhA jB.” feT[Afe T[jBK dh nkgDh
d[ekBdkoh ƒ B[e;kB g[iDk j?. T[Xo nBkfJsT[bk ykB B/ fJZe b'N/
ftu'A jh nopK ewk bJ/ ;kv/ e'b sK nfijk b'Nk Gh e'Jh BjhA.
fJekro fuZs j' e/ d;tK d[nko y'jfbnk. “r[ouoBK ftZu ehsh rJh
nodk; ;[Dh rJh.” T[jBK vze/ dh u'N s/ n?bkB eo fdZsk ^ “;fsr[o{
noiD ;kfjp ih d/ yk; fwZso (PoXkb{ BjhA) f;ZyK d/ gqw[y Xow
n;EkB, ;qh dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o dh fJwkos dh gfjbh fJZN,
nkgD/ d;s/ w[pkoe d[nkok oZyD tkb/, nepo ns/ ijKrho d/ oki
dopko se o;{y oZyD tkb/, jikoK w[;bwkBK d/ fdbK dh XVeD, ;w/A
dh Xkowe ;\Phns, wjkB ;{ch ceho, ;kJhA whnK who dh nz; pz;
tkfbnK (;kƒ) ƒ fJZe gftZso wkbk gqkgs j'Jh j?. fJj “w[pkoe
s;ph” fe;/ y[PhnK Go/ nkbw ftZu gho ih ƒ r[o{ noiD ;kjfp B/
nogD ehsh ;h.” fJ; wkbk s'A pknd T[jBK fJj Gh n?bkB eo fdZsk
fe wksk rzrk ih B/ fJZe pj[s ehwsh jko nkgD/ eo ewbK Bkb gho
ih ƒ G/N ehsk ;h. fJj d't/A “gftZso fJfsjk;e fBPkBhnk” ;kv/
e'b jB,nZr'A n;hA ;zrsK ƒ fJjBK d/ doPB eotke/ fBjkb eo
fdnKr/.”
;KJh whnK who ih uzr/ GiB pzdrh tkb/ B/e ceho ;B.
;fsr[o{ ih Bkb T[jBK dk fwbkg Gh j'fJnk do[;s j?. go fe;/
g[oksB rqzE ftZu fJj ;p{s Bjha fwbdk fe ;kJhA ih B/ dopko ;kfjp
dh BhAj oZyh j't/. fJ; r[o{ xo dh BhAj y[d r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih
B/ oZyh ;h. GkJh ekjB f;zx ih BkGk nB[;ko ^ fJ; gftZso Xow
n;EkB dh BhAj fJZe wkx ;zws 1645 (;zB 1588) ƒ r[o{ noiD d/t
ih B/ oZyh. ;zws 1818 ƒ npdkbh B/ fJ; Xow n;EkB ƒ pko{d Bkb
(137)

T[vtk fdZsk ;h. d[pkok frnkoK t?;ky ;zws 1821 (;zB 1764) ƒ ;qL
iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhJ/ B/ BhAj oZyh. (wjkB e'P gzBk 76^Skg 1981)
;kJhA whnK who pko/ GkJh ekjB f;zx ih fJT[A fbyd/ jB ^
who Pkj (;/ay w[jzwd) i' eoBh tkbk dot/P ;h. fJj ;qh r[o{
noiB d/t ih ns/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp dk gow ;B/jh ;h.
(“whnK who i[ Xho rzGho. ;[B eo T[uos tu r[o sho,” r[o gqskg
;{oi) whnK who ybhck T[wo dh tz; ftu'A ;h. fJ; dk iBw ;h;skB
ftZu ;zB 1550 ƒ j'fJnk. fJ;B/ T[wo dk pj[sk fjZ;k bj"o
fpskfJnk.no T[;/ EK nr;s frnkoK, ;zB 1635 ƒ d/jKs j'fJnk.
epo jkfPwg[o^bj"o d/ gk; j?. whnK who gqkD:kw dk tZvk nfGnk;h
;h. fJ; dk gqf;ZX u/bk w[bKPkj (Pkj w[jzwd) PkjIkdk dkok fPe'j
dk gho ;h. (wjkB e'P gzBk 973 Skg 1981)
id'A wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ d/ okfinK B/ nzrq/IK ƒ wZds tk;s/ ;Zdk
fdZsk sK T[jBK b[fXnkD/ nkgDk fJZe d|so y'jb fdsk. fJ; dk w[yh
fJZe nzrq/i e?gNB wo/ ƒ Ekfgnk frnk. wo/ B/ f;ZyK dk ;[Gk ikBD
tk;s/ fJZe w[;bwkB p{N/ Pkj ƒ f;Zy fJfsjk; fbyD d/ ezw ’s/ bk
fdZsk. fiE/ p{N/ Pkj B/ fJfsjk; Bkb j'o pj[s ;koh p/fJB;kch ehsh,
T[E/ T[;B/ fpBk fe;/ g[oksB fbysh ;p{s s'A, gfjbh tko fJj fby
fdZsk fe “dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o dh BhAj ;kJhA whnK who B/ oZyh
;h”. p; fco eh ;h, fJ; s'A wrob/ jo fbykoh B/ p{N/ Pkj tkbh rb
w[V w[V d[jokJh. id'A fe fJj ;Zu BjhA j?. fJ; dk fJj wsbp
jofrI BjhA fe fJT[A eoB Bkb ro{ noiD ;kfjp iK ;kJhA whnK
who dh P\;hns e[M xZN j' ikt/rh. j'o nDfrDs r[odtko/ jB
fiBQK dh BhAj fe;/ w[;bwkB ceho B/ BjhA oZyh. eh T[j xZN ;'Gk
gkT[Ad/ jB <
fJ; s'A pknd nkT[Ad/ jK wkbk dh “fJfsjk;esk” tZb.
;fsr[o{ ;fjpkB dhnK wBxVs c'N'nK fuZso, i' nZi pkikoK ftZu'A e[ZM
dwV/ you e/ nkw fwb iKd/ jB. i' r[opkDh s'A ;ZyD/ f;ZyK d/
“xoK dk fPrko” pD/ j'J/ jB. fJjBK ftZu i' soQK soQK dhnK wkbk,
c'N'nK ftZu BIo nkT[AdhnK jB, fJj f;oc fuZsoeko dh ebgDk
(138)

wkso jB. r[opkDh d/ gktB n;{bK Bkb fJjBK dk d{o dk Gh tk;sk
BjhA j?. i' fuzBQ ;fsr[o{ ih dh ftukoXkok s'A jh T[bN jB. T[jh uhiK
iK fuzB s'jc/ d/ s"o s/ r[o{ ih ;KJh whnK who ƒ feT[A d/Dr/ < fi;
wkbk dh r[opkDh ftZu jIkoK tkoh fBy/Xh ehsh rJh j?, eh T[jh wkbk
r[o{ noiD ;kfjp nkgD/ rb ftZu gk e/ oyd/ ;B < s'jc/ Gh fJjBK
wkbktK d/ fdnk eod/ ;B< nkgD/ T[gd/P s'A jh fto[X ;fsr[o{ ih
tos'A ftjko feT[A eoBr/ < fe;/ g[oksB rqzE ftZu whnK who ƒ wkbk
nogD eoB dk okJh wkso fIeo se BjhA j?. GkJh ;zs'y f;zx
(;{oi gqekP) r[o;'Gk^;?Bkgsh, iBw ;kyhnK, frnkBh frnkB f;zx,
iK GkJh osB f;zx Gzr{ ofus gqkuhB gzE gqekP, fe;/ ftZu wkbk dk
Bkw' fBPkB BjhA j?. nZr'A j'o f;sw t/y'` fJjBK wkbk dh B[wkfJP
bkT[D tkb/ GZdo g[o;K B/ wksk rzrk ih (r[o{ noiD ;kfjp ih dh
;[gsBh) ƒ Gh y{p jko fPzrko eod/ rfjD/ gfjBd/ goukfonk j?.
fgqEh uzd B/ bzw/ ;w/A se, d;tzX dh wkfJnk ƒ nkgD/ ekp{ ftZu
oZfynk. nkJhnK ;zrsK bJh bzro gZeD' Gh pzd j' frnk. G[Zi/ S'b/ uZp
e/ ;zrsK ƒ r[ikok eoBk fgnk. y[d r[o{ ih ns/ T[jBK dk gqtko Gh
fJ;/ soQK o[Zyh ;[Zyh yk e/ ;po P[eo ftZu fdB eNh eod/ oj/. Bkb
jh fJj Gh fXnkB oj/ ;zrsK tZb'A nkJh d;tzX dh wkfJnk, nZi eZbQ
tkb/ gqpzXeK tKr, r[o{ ih n?P gq;sh tk;s/ BjhA tosd/ ;B. fi;
PoXk ns/ ftPtk; Bkb ;zrsK nzB XzB G/Nk eodhnK ;B, i/ ;fsr[o{
ih T[;dh d[otos'A eoB bZr g?Ad/, nkgDh gsBh bJh ehwsh jko (ns/
j'o rfjD/) pDtk b?Ad/, nZr'A wkfJnk d/D tkb/ eh ;'ud/ < eh r[o{ ih
nwkBs ftZu fynkBs eoB d/ Gkrhdko BjhA pD iKd/ < i/ ;fsr[o{
ih y[d ns/ T[jBK dk gqtko d;tzX ftu'A ;[yK tkbh fIzdrh pshs eoB
bZr g?Ad/, sK nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A bJh T[j eh ;zd/P d/ oj/ j[zd/ < fJjh Bk
fe s[;hA gqpzXe s/ g[ikoh Gh d;tzX ƒ fit/A ih ukj/ fBih ;[yK bJh tos
fbnk eo' <
fszB e[ ;kb gfjbk e?B/vk d/ d' r[odtkfonK d/ gqpzXeK dh e[ZM
ekoBK eoe/ ;ys w[ekpb/ pkIh j' rJh. fJZe fXo B/ pj[sh wkfJnk
you e/, Bkwh okrh Ykvh s/ eEk tkue gzikp s'A ;Zd bJ/. ft;kyh dk
(139)

tZvk i'V w/bk j't/ fco d{ih fXo fet/A fgZS/ ofj ;edh ;h < go T[jBK
e'b you bJh PkfJd wkfJnk fJsBh BjhA ;h. T[jBK d{ik okj
nkyfsnko ehsk. dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o s'A, jZE fbys phV (r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp) wzrtkJh. ;zrsK ƒ dZf;nk frnk fe fJj phV pkpk dhg
f;zx tb'A fbyh j'Jh j?. GkJh fpXh uzd dk Bkw nkgDh ;zgodk bJh
tosD tkb/, dfJnk f;zx ;kX dk fJZe u/bk e[ZM PPso s/ “gzi
fgnko/” b? e/ Gh tZvh PkB Bkb g[Zi frnk. goukfonk fJjh frnk fe
fJj gktB “fJfsjk;e” jfEnko jB. i' GkJh fpXh uzd ih ns/ S/t/A
gkfsPkj r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ jB. fJjBK d'tK “fJfsjk;e”
t;sK ekoB ;zrsK j[zw j[zwk e/ doPDk bJh nkJhnK. uzrh r'be Go
rJh, uzr/ wzsoh s/ nc;o nkD Y[Ze/. gqpzXeK dh “fJZis” ofj rJh.
go n;b ftZu Bk fJj gktB phV “fJfsjk;e” ;h Bk jh ;;soK
dh e'Jh “fJfsjk;e” ehws ;h. fJjBK ƒ fbnkT[D tkb/ “gzi
fgnko/” Gh tkg; BjhA gos/. dkn wkoe/ e?B/vk ftZu jh nb'g j'
rJ/. e?B/vk ns/ gzikp d/ nypkoK ftZu, f;ZyK dk uzrk “w"i{” pfDnk.
f;ZyK dh e/Adoh ew/Nh (SGPC ns/ fdbh ew/Nh) e[okj/ g?
u[Zeh j?. nkgDhnK T[fus fIzw/tkohnK s'A pVh p/ofjwh Bkb w{zj w'V
u[Zeh j?. Xkowe ndkfonK ftZu pj[ frDsh gqpzXe, r[odtko/ ƒ
d[ekBdkoh tkbk o{g d/ u[e/ jB. r[odtkok g?;/ ewkT[D s/ u"XoK
uwekT[D tk;s/ tofsnk ik fojk j?. gzE dh uVQdh ebk tk;s/, fprV/
GftZy ƒ ;ztkoB tk;s/, v/o/dkoh r[o{ vzw ƒ iV'A T[ykVB bJh, tfjwK
GowK *u'A f;ZyK ƒ eZYD tk;s/ r[o{ dh pkDh dk frnkB d/ e/, wBK ƒ
o"PB eoB tk;s/ e'Jh isB BjhA ehsk frnk. fJ; x'o nfrnkBsk
dk, nzBQh PoXk dk, nDfrDs b[N/o/ ckfJdk T[mk oj/ jB. f;Zy wkJh
GkJh dh jZv GzBthA ewkJh ƒ, nB/e pjkB/ xV xV e/ d'jh jZEhA b[ZN
oj/ jB. ykfb;skB d/ Bk ’s/, ykVe{nK d/ gqtkoK dh ;jkfJsk d/
pjkB/, ;e{bK ekbiK d/ Bkw ’s/, j;gskbK d/ Bkw ’s/, eko;/tk, iK
v/fonK d/ Bkw ’s/, wzso ikgK s/ nyzv gkmK d/ Bkw ’s/, nopK yopK
o[fgnk G'b/ f;ZyK dk ubk frnk. go okj ftub/ ftu'b/ jh wkfJnk
veko rJ/. mhe EK s/ b'VtzdK se T[; g?;/ dk ;"tK fjZ;k Gh BjhA
(140)

g[Zfink. b'Vtzd gqtko o'Nh s'A nks[o jB. v/o/ r[odtko/ j'o T[u/,
j'o tZv/, j'o ;'Bk, j'o wkopb bk e/ f;zrko/ fbPekJ/ ik oj/ jB.
whnK who d/ tko;K tZb'A ftykJh ik ojh wkbk dh fJfsjk;
gZy'A e'Jh ehws BjhA j?. e?B/vk nwqhek d/ dodtzd f;zxK s'A gsk
bZfrnk j? fe fJ; wkbk okjhA f;ZyK ƒ b[ZNe/ fJj ;ZiD fJZe wjhB/ ftZu
brgr v/Y eo'V o[g? nkgD/ xo (gkfe;skB) fGitk u[Ze/ jB. f;ZyK
B/ e/tb r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ƒ wZEk N/eDk ;h. T[; nZr/ Gh wkfJnk oZyDh
e'Jh Io{oh BjhA j?. fJZXo ;kv/ G?DK GoktK dk jkb fJj j? fe r[o{ ih
dk Bkw tose/, fit/A fdb ukj/ e'Jh f;ZyK ƒ b[ZNe/ fbik ;edk j?. fJ;
“nz;pz;” tkfbnK dh Gh pVh Gkoh bkNoh fBeb nkJh j? fe f;oc
fJZe wkbk d/ pjkB// eo'VK ewk u[e/ jB. ;kfJd nZr'A noEK gsh pD
ikD, i/ f;Zy fJ;/ soQK ;[Zs/ oj/ sK. nkT[ nrb/ fjZ;/ ftZu ;fsr[o{ ih
s'A g[ShJ/ fe s[jkvh BIo ftZu wkbk dh eh nfjwhns j? ^
1H rT[{ fpokjwD eT[ eo[ bktj[ r'pfo soD[ B ikJh]
X'sh fNek s? “igwkbh” XkB[ wb/SK ykJh]
nzsfo g{ik gVfj es/pk ;ziw[ s[oek GkJh]
S'vhb/ gkyzvk] Bkfw bfJn? ikfj sozdk] (471)
noE L^ j/ pqkjwD dfonk d/ gZsD s/ p?m e/ (jkewK dh
B"eoh eofdnK) s{z s/ s/o/ iks GkJh wB[ZyK ns/ rT{nK ƒ dfonk gko
eokT[D bZr/ w;{b (N?e;) bkT[Ad/ j'. fJ; rT{ ƒ s[;hA w;{b s'A S'N
Bjh d/ ;ed/ T[;d/ r'po Bkb u"Aek u[ZbQk fbZge/ pV/ Xowh pDd/
j'.r'po Bkb u"Aek fbgD Bkb ;z;ko ;kro s'A sfonk BjhA ikDk.
s[;hA X'sh gfjBd/ j' fNZe/ bkT[Ad/ j' wkbk c/od/ j', go gdkoE
(nzBdkDk) T[jBK dk yk oj/ j' fiBQK ƒ wb/S nkye/ fBzdd/ j'. nzdo
p?m e/ u'oh u'oh nkgD/ rqzE gVd/ j', w{oshnK g{id/ j', pkjo ;koh
ofjs pfjs “wb/SK” tkbh ngDkJh j'Jh j?. fJj gkyzv tkbh d'joh
Bhsh fsnkr d/j. i/ gkyzv SZv e/ gqG{ dk Bkw f;wo/rk sK jh ;z;ko
;w[zdo s'A so/Ark.
2H “wkbk” c/o? wzr? fpG{s] fJj fpfX e'fJ B sfoU whs](888)
noE L^ j/ Bk ;wM fJB;kB` s{z Xowh j'D dk gkyzv gkbfdnK
(141)

wkbk pVh c/odk j?. go o'Nh (nzB dkDk) nwhoK d/ xoK u'A wzr e/
yKdk j?. fJ; soQK fe;/ dk gko fB;sko BjhA j'Dk.
3H ekih j'fJe? pj? fBnkfJ] c/o/ “s;ph” eo/ y[dkfJ]
tYh b? e/ je[ rtkJ/] i/ e' g[S? sk gfV ;[DkJ/] (951)
noE L^ s{z iZi dk nj[dk gk e/ fJB;kc eoB p?mdk j?A.
wkbk c/odk j?A, y[dk y[dk pj[s igdk j?A. go ;Zuk fJB;kc eoB dh
Ekt/A foPts b? e/ fe;/ rohp dk jZe wkoe/ T[; ƒ ;Ik ;[Dk d/Adk j?A.
4H epho “igBh ekm eh” fenk fdybktfj b'fJ]
fjod? okw B u/sjh fJj igBh fenk j'fJ](1368)
noE L^ epho ih nkyd/ jB, GkJh ekm dh wkbk Bkb b'eK
’s/ Xowh j'D dk ci{b goGkt gk oj/ j'. fjod/ ftu'A sK edh oZp ƒ
:kd jh BjhA ehsk, fJj wkbk sK fe;/ noE BjhA j?.
5H fwqr nk;D[ s[;bh “wkbk”] eo T{ib fsbe[ egkbk]
fod? e{V[ ezfm o[dqkyz] o/ bzgN feq;B[ nGkyz](1351)
noE L^ j/ Bk ;wM fJB;kB` Gkt/A s{z fwqr dh yZb dk nk;D
pDk bt/A, s[b;h dk b/gD eo/A s/ Gkt/A rb wkbk gk bt/A. fJjBK dk eh
ckfJdk < fjod/ ftZu M{m co/p j?, wkbk Gkt/A o[doky (pj[s ehwsh)
Gh gfjB bt/. j/ b'Gh gkyzvh op ƒ sK s{z u/s/ jh BjhA eodk.
6H epho p?;B' j{nk s fenk GfJnk wkbk w/bh ukfo]
pkjfo ezuB[ pkojk Ghsfo Goh Gzro](1372)
noE L^ j/ GkJh` i/ s{z t?;B' ;kX pD frnk sK eh j'fJnk <
s{z ;'jDh wkbk oZy bJh sK eh j? < pkjo'A s{z t/yD ƒ pVk ;'jDk fd;dk
j?, go s/o/ nzdo sK fBoh ftekoK dh ;[nkj Goh j'Jh j?.
7H ri ;kY/ s? s? X'shnK fsjo/ gkfJfB sr]
rbh fiBQk ig wkbhnk b'N/ jfE fBpr]
UfJ jfo e/ ;zs B nkyhnfj pkBkof; e/ mr] (476)
noE L^ j/ Xkowe nytkD tkfbU. s[;hA ;kY/ fszB fszB ri
dhnK ;c/d X'shnK gfjB bJhnK. “ftXh g{ote” fsnko eoe/ fszB
bVhnK tkb/ iB/T{ gk bJ/. rbK ftZu ;'jDhnK wkbktK ;ik bJhnK.
jZEK ftZu uwed/ b'N/ geV bJ/. go eh fJ; soQK d/ pkjoh G/y Bkb
(142)

s[;hA Xowh pD rJ/ j' < BjhA` BjhA`` s[;hA G'b/ Gkb/ b'eK ƒ mZrD bJh
fJj gfjoktk XkoB ehsk j?. s[;hA fBo/ pBko;h mZr j'.
efbnkD eoB tkbh wkbk fJj j?L^
1H jfo jfo nyo d[fJ fJj “wkbk”]
igs igs gJ/ dhB dfJnkbk]
eoT[ p/Bsh ;fsr[o ng[Bh[]
efo feogk okyj[ ;oDkJh w' eT[ d/j[ jo/ jfo igBh] ojkT[]
“jfo wkbk” T[o nzsfo Xko?] iBw woD ek d{y[ fBtko?]
fjod? ;wkb? w[fy jfo jfo p'b?] ;' iB[ fJs T[s esfj B v'b?]
ej[ BkBe i' oku? BkfJ] “jfo wkbk” sk e? ;zfr ikfJ](388)
noE L^ j/ ;fsr[o{` w?A p/Bsh eodk jK fe w?ƒ ;dk nkgDh
PoD ftZu oZy. nkgD/ Bkw o{gh wkbk w?ƒ pyPdk oj[. w?ƒ j'o fe;/
wkbk dh Io{os BjhA j?. ojkT[.
joh dk Bkw o{g d' nZyo jh w/oh n;bh wkbk j?. fJ; soK
s[jkvk Bkw igfdnK s[;hA dhBK s/ fwjotkB j' iKd/ j'. fJj Bkw o{gh
wkbk fjod/ ftZu XkoB j' ikt/. iBw s'A woB se d/ ;ko/ d[yK s/ fJ;
soQK ekp{ gk bJhdk j?. wB eoe/ nzdo B/e r[D Go ikD o;Bk s'A
joh Bkw (fwZm/ puB) T[ukodk ojK. fJ; soQk d/ ihtB ubD tkbk
wB[Zy nv'b fIzdrh pshs eodk j?. j/ BkBe` i' fJB;kB gqG{ d/ Bkw
ozr ftZu ozfrnk iKdk j? sK fJjh Bkw dk ;jkok T[; Bkb nzs ;w/A se
fBGdk j?.
2H u/sj[ pk;[dT[ pBtkbh] okw[ fod? “igwkbh”](503)
noE L^ j/ r[o f;y'` f;q;Nh d/ wkbe joh ƒ fXnkT[. fJjh
n;bh wkbk j?.
3H ;u[ tos[ ;zs'y[ shoE[ frnkB[ fXnkB[ fJ;BkB[]
dfJnk d/tsk fywk “igwkbh” s/ wkD; goXkB](1245)
noE L^ fiBQK wBZ[yK B/ ;u wkor ƒ tos pDkfJnk, ;zs'yh
ihtB jh shoE pDk fbnk, frnkB jk;b eoBk s/ joh uoBK ftZu
;[osh i'Vh oyDh, fJjh shoE dk fJ;BkB pDk fbnk. d/ts/ dh g{ik
j't/ dfJnk eoB tkbk ;[Gkn, fywk eoB dh fposh jh wkbk pD
(143)

ikt/. fiBQK wB[ZyK ftZu fJj r[D nk ikD T[j ;G s'A Gb/ wB[Zy jB.
4H n?;k ikg igT[ “igwkbh”]
d[y;[y gojfo Grfs fBokbh] (1342)
noE L^ tkfjr[o{ dh :kd jh wkbk pD ikt/. d[y ;[y ftZu
oZph :kd ftZu wB fNfenk oj/ fJjh n;bh Grsh j?, fJjh n;bh
wkbk j?.
5H epho w/oh “f;woBh” o;Bk T[gfo okw]
nkfd i[rkdh ;rb Grs sk e' ;[y[ fp;qkw[](1364)
noE L^ epho nkydk j?, w/oh wkbk w/oh ipkB s/ tkfjr[o{
dk Bkw jh j?. nkd s'A nzs se jo ;w/A d[y ;[y ftZu, oZp dh :kd
jh GrsK dh fIzdrh dk nk;ok j?.
wkbk c/oBh ftjbV b'eK dk ezw j?, f;Zy sK jo ekoi
eofdnK fizw/tkohnK fBGkT[fdnK tkfjr[o{ ƒ ;dk u/s/ oZydk j?.
ftjbV wkbkXkohnK B/ Gkos ƒ ezrkb pDkT[D ftZu tZvk :'rdkB
gkfJnk j?. ftjbV ;kXK B/ d/P ƒ r[bkw pDkT[D ftZu Gh g{ok fjZ;k
gkfJnk j?. i/ ;ko/ b'e e/tb wkbk c/oB bZr g?D sK eZ[M fdBK s'A pkd
T[j Xosh s/ BIo BjhA nkT[Dr/. fIzdrh dhnK b'VK fet/A g{ohnK
j'DrhnK < G[Zy Bkb w"s jh j' ikt/rh.
;fsr[o{ ih sK tkfjr[o{ ƒ jo dw :kd oZyD dk T[gd/; d/ oj/
jB ^
T[mzfdnk pjzfdnK ;tzfdnK ;[y[ ;'fJ]
BkBe Bkfw ;bkfjn? wB sB ;hsb j'fJ] (321)
noE ^ T[mfdnK p?mfdnK ;"AfdnK ikrfdnK tkfjr[o{ ƒ ;dk
:kd oZy'. j/ BkBe fJ; soQK ehsh f;cs ;bkj Bkb sB wB PKs j'
ikt/rk.
d/; dh okyh wkbkXkoh BjhA eo ;e/rk, PPso Xkoh eo/rk.
y/sK ftZu y/sh wkbk geVe/ p?mD tkbk BjhA eo/rk, fwjBsh fe;kB
eo/rk. c?eNohnK wkbk d/ wDfenK B/ Bjh ubkT[DhnK, T[E/ ;ys
fwjBs eoBh gt/rh. :'oghB w[byK B/ i' p/nzs soZeh ehsh j?, fJj
wkbk dh feogk Bkb BjhA ehsh. neb ns/ fwjBs Bkb ftek; ehsk
(144)

j?. wkbk c/oB tkb/, fJjBK wkbk s'A ofjs d/;K ftZu o'ih o'Nh dh
sbkP ftZu pVhnK n"eVK MZbd/ jB wkbk B/ o'Nh BjhA d/Dh. jK wkbk
d/ Bkw s/ mZrh y{p tZi ojh j?. soQK soQK d/ u'b/, r'b gNe/ BzrhnK
bZsK, ozr pozrhnK wkbktK d[nkok G'b/ f;ZyK ƒ b[ZNe/ Io{o ykXk ik
fojk j?. i/ fJjBK ftjbVK ƒ y/sK ftZu c?eNohnK ftZu, nZm d; xzN/
;\s fwjBs eoe/ o'Nh ewkDh gt/, ;G wkbk d/ wDe/ fpyo ikDr/.
pfmzv/ fib/Q dk fJZe fe;kB r[o{ noiD ;kfjp ih dk Bkwh f;Zy
j'fJnk j?. fJ;dk Bkw ;h GkJh iZbQD ih. fJjBK d/ fgzv dh i{j ftZu
eZ[M “ozr pozr/” ;kX nk T[so/. T[jBK ftZu'A e'Jh u"AeVk wkoe/ wkbk
c/o fojk j?. e'Jh X{DhnK skg fojk j?, e'Jh fJZe bZs d/ Gko yb'e/
“Grsh” eo fojk j?. iZbD ih nkgDk rZvk pbd b? e/ id'A y/sK tZb
ikD bZr/, sK o;s/ ftZu fJjBK e"seh ;kXK ƒ t/fynk. wkJhnK
phphnK d[ZX, yho gq;kd/ b? e/ tjho pDk e/ ;kXK dh ;/tk ftZu jkIo
j' ojhnK ;B. fJ; gq/wh r[of;Zy B/ nkgDk rZvk fJjBK ;kXK bkr/ ike/
o'e fdsk. fJZe gjhnk T[sko e/ T[u/ EKt/ b? frnk. T[uh EK s'A T[j
gjhnk Bht/A pzB/ o'jV fdZsk. okj bzxd/ B"itkBK ƒ nkye/, Bkb bk
fbnk. fco gjhnk o'jV e/ T[go ƒ b? rJ/, s/ Bht/A gk;/ m/b fdZsk.
fJ; iZbQD ih d/ swk;/ ƒ t/yD tkfbnK dh GhV i[Vdh rJh. ;kX Gh
fJ; ƒ fdbu;gh Bkb t/yD bZr/. nyho fJZe ;kX pkp/ B/ g[ZS jh
fbnk^“GkJh r[ow[yk` ;kvh Grsh ftZu GzrDk feT[A gkT[Adk j?. s{z i'
swk;k eoB brk j?A fes/ j'o ik e/ eo b?.”
iZbQD B/ i[nkp fdZsk ^ “pkfpU w? e'Jh swk;k BjhA eo fojk,
w? sK Grsh eo fojk jK, wkbk c/o fojk jK. s[jkvh wkbk d/ wDe/
pj[s S'N/ jB. ;kvk ;[Gkn e[M y[Zbk v[ZbQk fijk j'fJnk eodk j? fgzv
tkfbnK dk. w/oh wkbk dk wDek Gh tkjtk jh tZvk ;kok j?. t?;/ sK
id'A w?A xo'A rZvk b? e/ fBebdk jK rZv/ d/ d' gjhJ/ wkbk pD ub g?Ad/
jB. fco w? y/s ftZu ik e/ y{j i'sdk jK sK y{j ftZu'A gkDh eZY ojhnK
fNzvK dh “wkbk” fdB Go ubdh j?. y/sK ƒ gkDh iKdk j?, c;b j[zdh
j? iht izs{ gkDh ghAd/ jB nzB yKd/ jB. i/ ;kvh fe;kBK dh fJj' fijh
wkbk ubDh pzd j' ikt/ sK s[;hA n;hA ;ko/ G[Zy/ wo iktKr/. ibQD ih
(145)

B/ r[opkDh dh gzesh fJTA[ ;[DkJh ^
! i?;/ jojN eh “wkbk” fNzv brs j?, fJZe ;yBh j'o c/o
Gohns j?.
s?;' jh fJj[ y/b[ y;w ek fiT[ T[;eh tfvnkJh](1329)
! eo jojN wkb fNzv go'tj[ fs;[ Ghsfo wB[ i'tj[]
nzfwqs f;zuj[ Goj[ fenko/ sT[ wkbh e/ j'tj[] (1171)
nfij/ r[opkDh gowkD s/ uZek o'jVB dh i[rsh id'A fJjBK
ftjbV b'eK B/ ;[Dh t/yh s[ozs nkgDk vzvk eowzvb uZ[fenk s/ ub/
ikD ftZu jh GbkJh ;wMh. feT[Afe T[j ;wM rJ/ ;B fe fiE/ iZbQD
ih tor/ frnkBtkB r[of;y w"i{d jB, T[; EK ;kvh mZrh BjhA ub
;e/rh.
;' r[of;Zyh feoshnK dk Xow j?, fJE/ nkb;hnK s/ ftjbVk
bJh e'Jh EK BjhA j?. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ y[d edh wkbk Bk oyh j? Bk
wkbk ƒ gotkBrh fdsh j?. ;r'A r[opkDh ftZu EK EK wkbk dk fto'X
j?, fBy/Xh j?. fco wkbk ftyke/ ;kƒ feT[ e'Jh e[okj/ gkt/, feT[A ;kƒ
b[ZNe/ fbikt/ < :kd oy'` fJj i' wkfJnk ;oXk t; wkbk iK b'fNnK
(rzrk ;kro) tkfbnK ƒ b[NkJh ik ojh j?. fJj r[o{ BkBe d/ ykBdkB
ftZu'A fe;/ d/ p?Ae yks/ ftZu Bjh iKdh. d;w gkfsPkj ih d/ gqtkfoe
w?ApoK d/ Gh e'Jh p?Ae yks/ Bjh y[btkJ/ j'J/, fiBK ftZu fJj eo'VK
o[fgnk iwK j' fojk j't/. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ sK pko pko nkfynk j?
“rohp dk w{zj r[o{ dh r'be j?”.
Bk ;[fu ;ziw[ s[b;h wkbk] r'gh ekB[ B rT[ rtkbk]
szs[ wzs[ gkyzv[ B e'Jh Bk e' tz; tikfJzdk] (1035)
noE L^ id'A tkfjr[o{ B/ f;qPNh ;kih ;h sd'A e'Jh ;Z[uw nkfd
dk gkyzv BjhA ;h. Bk ish ofjD dk nvzpo e'Jh eodk ;h. Bk s[b;h
dk b/gD Bk wkbk c/oBh e'Jh Xkowe fefonk ;h. Bk r'ghnK ;B Bk
feqPB nkfde ntsko d/ts/ ;B. Bk g{ik bJh sd'A rT{nK ;B. e'Jh
wzso izso[ dk gkyzv BjhA eodk ;h. Bk jh e'Jh “pz;h tkbk” pz;oh
tik e/ r'ghnK s/ rT{nK ƒ fJeZmhnK eodk ;h. sd'A e/tb tkfjr[o{
nkg jh nkg ;h.
(146)

;'Jh ;/te i/ ;fsr[o ;/t/ ub? ;fsr[o GkfJ]
;uk ;pd[ f;cs j? ;uh ;uk wzfB t;kJ/] (753)
;/ iB ;u/ fBowb/ fiB ;fsr[o Bkb fgnko[]
;fsr[o ek GkDk ewktd/ fpy[- jT[w? sfi fteko[](65)
wkbk nkfd d/ Gowikb s'Ve/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh pyfPP ehsh
gktB r[opkDh w[skpe ;ziw tkbk B/e ihtB pshs eohJ/. fJzB/
frnkBtkB pD ikJhJ/ fe e'Jh b[N/ok ;kƒ b[ZN Bk ;e/, e[okj/ Bk gk
;e/. nkg r[opkDh dk noEK ;w/s gkm eohJ/ r[opkDh T[gd/; ƒ
;wMhJ/. j'oBK ifrnk;{nK ƒ gq/oBk eoe/ fJ; Gb/ okj N'oB dh
e'fPP eohJ/. r[o{ pj[Vh eo/rk pKj cV/rk. gzE dh uVQdh ebk
j't/rh, f;Zyh dk p'bpkbk j't/rk.
(147)

dhtkbh dh okfs dht/ pkbhnfB
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ns/ gktB r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh
nekbh pkDh, ;w{j wB[Zy wkso B{z pVk ;[ykbk ihtB okj d;dh j?,
yk;eo r[of;ZyK s/ ft;/a;a fiazw/tkoh nkfJd j[zdh j? fe T[j r[opkDh B{z
;wMD s/ b'eK B{z fJ; dk frnkB tzvD. feT[Afe f;Zy fJ; gktB pkDh
B{z nkgDk ofjpo r[o{ ;theko eod/ jB. nfijk r[o{ ih dk j[ew th
j?. fit/A bzw/ ;w/A s'A ub/ nk oj/ tosko/ B{z, iaok nZyK y'bQ e/ t/yD dk
isB ehsk ikt/ sK 90, 95 gqsh;as f;Zy ;wki, r[opkDh d/ j[ew s'A
T[bN ihtB fefonk eo fojk j?, T[;/ soQK shoE :ksok, wVQhnK s/
epoK dh g{ik, nDfrDs ;kX pkfpnK dh ihn jI{oh, Xkr/, wzso,
p[s g{ikHHH ns/ nfijk j'o pj[s e[M j' fojk j?.
fJ;/ soQK f;ZyK B/ pqkjwDh ohsK o;wK d/ Bkb Bkb, pqkjwDh
fdB fsT[jko s/ wB"sK B{z, nkgD/ fjod/ ftZu pVh YhmskJh Bkb, r[o{
j[ewK B{z T[bzx e/, fpokiwkB eo fbnk j?. ftneshrs s"o s/, e'Jh
G[ZbV f;Zy, nfijk wBw[Zyh toskok eodk sK ;wMk p[Mk e/, tkg; r[o{
wkor s/ fbnKdk ik ;edk j? go fJE/ sK, r[o{ wkor s/ ubD tkb/,
ftob/ iB jh ofj rJ/ jB. pkeh bkDk ;w{je o{g ftZu, ;w/s “gzEe
iE/pzdhnK” d/, pqkjwDh yko/ ;kro ftZu roe j'D B{z jh w[esh wzBh
ik fojk j?. fiBQK nkr{nK B/ okj d;/o/ pDBk ;h, f;Zy ;wki B{z
wBwsK dh dbdb ftu'A T[GkoBk ;h, T[j y[d jh GNe u[Ze/ jB, e[okj/
g? u[e/ jB, r[opkDh frnkB s'A ;yD/ jB. f;ZyK d/ e/Adoh Xow
n;EkB, fiE'A f;ZyK B{z ;[uZih ihtB ;/X gqkgs j[zdh ;h, fi; dh nkB
;akB poeoko oZyD pdb/ f;ZyK B/ y{B d/ dfonk trk fds/, y'gohnK
d/ whBko fuD fds/, nZi T[jBK dh Xow n;EkBK B{z ;kv/ ny"sh
nkgfDnK B/, fGq;aN eo fdsk j?. g{ik d/ e/Ado pDk fdZsk j?. ;zrsK
fJj b/y nes{po 2002 B{z fJzrb?v s'A Sgd/ gzikph nypko d/;a gqd/;a ftZu
Sfgnk ;h. fi; ekoB pqkjwDh ;'u tkb/ r[od[nkok gqpzXeK B/ pj[s p[ok
wBkfJnk. b/ye B{z eJh sohfenK Bkb gq/;akB ehsk frnk.
(148)

B{z e[okj/ gk e/ pVh p/ofjwh Bkb b[ZfNnk ik fojk j?. fiE'A jZe ;Zu
dh ;aesh;akbh nktkia rz{iDh ukjhdh ;h, T[E/ “e{V fco? goXkB[ t/
bkb'” tkbh jkbs j?. j'o nB/e e{V/ fsT[jkoK ftu'A fJZe fjzd{
fsTjko j? dhgktbh iK dhtkbh dk. fJ; g"okDe ebgs fsT[jko B{z,
p/;aowh dhnK jZdK T[bzx e/, f;Zy Xow n;EkBK ftZu, ;fsr[o{ ih dh
gke ;aya;hns Bkb BoV e/, bzw/ ;w/A s'A f;Zy gzE nzdo,dkyb ehsk
ik fojk j? ^ yak;eo Pq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A s/ T[j th
;qh dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o fij/ wZ[y n;EkB s/.
fJ; ftZu e'Jh d' oktK BjhA jB fe ;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB ih B/,
ft;kyh ns/ fdtkbh d/ fdBK d/ B/V/, fSwkjhA tZv/ fJeZm ;ZdD/ P[o{ ehs/
. fJjBK fB;afus fdBK s/, ;zrsK ns/ fJbkfenK d/ w[yh f;Zy nkT[Ad/
. nkgDh eko G/N, d;tzX dh wkfJnk s/ nzB t;so nogD eo e/
;fsr[o{ ih dh y[;ah d/ gkso pDd/. dhtkB ;id/, r[ows T[gd/;a j[zd/
, ;azfenK dk fBtkoD jz[dk, Bt/A T[s;akj ns/ r[o{ frnkB Bkb bpo/ia
j' e/, ;zrsK tkg; gosdhnK. ;wK phsD Bkb r[ows f;XKsK ns/
fJfsjk;e rkEktK T[s/ nfrnkBsk dh X{V izwdh rJh. fw;bK d/ n"y/
tes, fJBQK fSwkjh dhtkBK dh fBoftxBsk ekfJw Bk ofj ;eh.
oDihs f;zx (wjkokik) d/ ;w/A fJ; fgos B{z w[V ;[oihs eoB dk
e'Jh T[gokbk Bk j'fJnk. nBgVQsk sK nZi th pj[s j?. T[jBK
;fwnK ftZu sK y[d wjkokik oDihs f;zx, nZyoh frnkB tb'A nBgVQ
;h. fbykJh gVQkJh d/ ;ko/ ezw eoB tkbh fJe' Pq/Dh ;h, pqkjwD iK
w[;bwkB. w[;bwkBK T[s/ bzwh bVkJh ekoB, f;ZyK B{z g{ok ft;atk;
BjhA ;h. T[jBK tb'A fJ; gk;/ wkw{bh :sB j'J/. fjzd{ f;ZyK ftZu
ft;atk; ekfJw ;h s/ pqkjwD B/ fJ; ft;atk; sfjs “fJfsjk;”
fbfynk s/ ;kohnK pqkjwDh ohsK, wB"sK, f;ZyK d/ g/N/ gk fdZshnk
rJhnK. j'oBK wBwsK d/ Bkb Bkb fJZe tv/oh wBws ;h “dhtkbh”.
fJ; fdB dhtkB ;iD/ s/ r[ows dk gquko eoBk j'o rZb j? s/ fjzd{
ohsh nB[;ko, dht/ pkb e/, dhgwkbk eoBh, nks;apkiah ubkDh, j'o
rZb j?. gktB r[opkDh ftZu dhtkbh dk Bkw fB;akB se BjhA bGdk.
nBwshJ/ s/ wBwshJ/ f;ZyK B/ dhtkbh B{z u'o dotkia/ okjhA r[o{ xo
(149)

ftZu dkyab jh BjhA ehsk, pbfe fJ; B{z r[owfs dh w'jo bk e/, gzE
ftZu gqubs eoB dk pZio gkg th ehsk j?. bZyK :sBK d/ pkti{d th,
dhtkbh gfjb/ gzi r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb BZEh Bk ehsh ik ;eh. S/t/A
;fsr[o{ ih B{z fpBK gZe/ fbysh ;p{sK s'A rtkbhno d/ feb/Q ftu'A
fojkJh s'A pkd, dhtkbh tkb/ fdB, nzfwqs;o gXko/ wzB fbnk frnk.
e[u/;aNk Goh Bhs ns/ e{V gouko d[nkok, pko pko fJjh fejk frnk
fe r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ nkrwB dh y[;ah ftZu f;Zy dhtkbh
wBkT[Ad/ jB id'A fe fJj okJh wkso ;Zu BjhA j?. e{V j? e[co j?.
pj[s g[oksB, GZNK dhnK fbysK B{z soshp d/ e/ “r[o{ ehnK
;kyhnK” Bkwh feskp Sgh fwbdh j? fi; dhnK fbysh skohyK
fiankdk Go';/:'r jB. fJ; g[;se dh fJpkos gVQ' ^ “r[o{ jfo
r'fpzd, wjb SNk, p/Nk r[o{ noiB ih ek, pk;h uZe r[o{, gorDk
fBMfonkbk, rVQ rtkbhno ;/ pzXB w[es j'fJ,rkw ebkB"o,
gorDk pNkbk w/A nkJ/. pkd;akj ijKrho e/ r?b, ;zws 17
cbr[B, gqft;N/, gfjbh, ;zrqKd e/ fdj[z.” (gzBK 31) fJ; s'A ;kca
iakjo j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih 26 ;szpo, 1619 Jh;th B{z rtkbhno s'A ub
e/ 2 d;zpo 1620 B{z ebkB"o g[Zi/. fJE/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;tkrs tk;s/
pkpk p[ZYk ih, GkJh r[odk; ns/ j'o w'joh f;Zy nkD fwb/, Bw;ekoK
ehshnK. fgqEh uzd dh w"s e[M jh ;wK gfjbK j'Jh ;h. S/t/A gks;akj
T[jBK d/ xo, wksw g[o;h eoB rJ/. fJ; s'A pkd “r[o{ ehnK
;kyhnK” ftubh fJpkos fJ; gqeko j? ^ “r[o{ jfo r'fpzd ih wjb
SNk p/Nk r[o{ noiB ih ek, ;zws 1677, wkx gqft;N/, gfjbh
d/ fdj[z, j/jo Broh ;/ ub, rkw r[o{ e/ uZe (nzfwqs;o) gorDk
fBMfonkbk nkJ/HHHH.”
T[go fbys ;zws dk nB[tkd ehfsnK, ;zB 28 cotoh, 1621
pDdk j?. fe;/ soQK fyZu{ X{j e/ th, ;fsr[o{ ih dk dhtkbh tkb/ fdB,
nzfwqs;o g[ZiDk BjhA pDdk feT[Afe dhtkbh nes{po iK Btzpo ftZu
nkT[Adh j?.
j'o f;sw j[zdk t/y'. ;zrsK tb'A ;aoXk tZ;, szrhnK, s[o;ahnK
(150)

ftu'A, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ do s/ wkfJnk nkfd dhnK G/NktK nogD ehshnK
iKdhnK jB. fe;/ raohp d/ w{zj ftZu g?D tkbh, r[o{ eh r'be B{z, b[ZN
dk wkb ;wM e/, p/ofjwh Bkb, nZr bk e/ c{fenk ik fojk j?. eJh bZy
o[gJ/ dh nks;apkiah, jo ;kb dopko ;kfjp nzfqs;o dh gqoewk ftZu
swk;a/ tk;s/ nrBG/N eo fdZsh iKdh j?. dopko ;kfjp ftZu ehosB
d"okB i/ e'Jh ftnesh T[Zuh ;kj th b?Adk wfj;{; j't/, T[; B{z th fJj
efj e/ o'fenk N'fenk iKdk j? fe GkJh “wX[o pkDh, ehosB dk ndp
eo'.” dhtkbh tkbh oks, ehosB dhnK nzfwqswJh X[BK dh
Ekt/A, mkj m{j, XVzw rVzw, ;oo, xoo dhnK ezB gkVthnK ntkiaK
w{oyK dh y/v jh nkyh ik ;edh j?. ;kok nek;a iafjohb/ X{zJ/A Bkb
Go iKdk j?. gqeowK dk ;'jDk wkopb, pzpK d/ rzXe g[Nk;a nkfd Bkb
wbhB j' iKdk j?. ;o'to dk gkDh (fJ; tes gftZso ib efjDk
tkip BjhA) w;kb/ pko{d s/ ekraia d/ nZX/ ib/ N[efVnK Bkb, bpkbp
Go iKdk j?. eJh fdBK se ;/tkdko, ;cakJh s/ bZr/ ofjzd/ jB. dhtkbh
tkbh ;akw seohpB nZm e[ ti/, ehosB pzd eo fdsk iKdk j?. nekb
syas ;kfjp dk “iE/dko” do;aBh fvT[vh T[s/ yb' e/, bZyK b'eK d/
fJeZm ;jkwD/ “e"w d/ Bkw ;zd/;a” o{gh Gk;aD fdzdk j?. i/ b'V gt/ sK
nkgD/ j'o uj/fsnK B{z p'bD dk e[M tes th d/ fdsk iKdk j?. ehosB
o'e e/, r[opkDh dh ftnkfynk iK eEk sK BjhA ehsh iKdh go
“iE/dkoK” d/ oki;h fe;w d/ Gk;aD (gqXkB ;q'H ew/Nh dh ;fjwsh
Bkb) fds/ ik ;ed/ jB. fgSb/ bzw/ ;w/A s'A fJ; B{z n;bh r[owfonkdk
gqukfonk ik fojk j?. s'pk s'pk``
ofjzdh e;o ;kv/ Bk;wM iK wkfJnk ftZu raoe/ j'J/, ehosBhJ/
g{oh eo d/Ad/ jB id'A dhtkbh tkb/ fdB, ;ko/ r[odtkfonK ftZu, ;w/
s dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o d/, GkJh r[odk; ih dh gT[Vh B{z tid ftZu
nk e/, r[owfs fto'Xh GktK ftZu rkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK wfj;{;
j'D bZr g?Adk j? fit/A r[opkDh d/ wjkB ftnkfynkeko, ;fsr[o{ ih d/
nfs fBeNtosh f;Zy, GkJh r[odk; ih, dhtkbh d/ jZe ftZu castk d/
rJ/ jB. nca;'; fe nfijk BjhA j?, ;r'A GkJh ;kfjp sK dhtkbh dh
fJZe T[dkjoD d/ e/, r[owfs dh ;'Mh eotkT[Ad/ jB. r[opkDh dh
(151)

fbyD soshp w[skpe nkw eo e/ fJj fB:w j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih
“ojkT[” d/ pzd ftZu, ;ko/ ;apd dk e/Adoh Gkt gqrN eod/ jB. ;apd
d/ nzsb/ Gkr ftZu ;koh ftuko dk ;koz;a iK fBu'V g/;a eofdnk eod/
jB. pkeh ;apd dhnK gzeshnK ftZu T[dkjoDK j'fJnk eodhnK jB.
;kv/ okrhnK gqukoeK B/, fiE/ r[opkDh dh e/Adoh ftukoXkok B{z yzfvs
ehsk j?, T[E/ Bkb jh GkJh r[odk; ih B{z th BjhA pyaf;ank. GkJh
;kfjp dh ouBk, ukbh tkoK, “gT[Vh” eftsk d/ o{g ftZu j?. d{ih
ouBk “efps” ;tJh:/ o{g ftZu j?. fJ; eftsk ftZu “ojkT{” tkbk
gd BjhA j'fJnk eodk. fJ; bJh T[jBK tb'A fbys ouBk ftZu, ;koz;a
nkw eo e/ nkyaoh bkJhB ftZu j'fJnk eodk j?. bT[ j[D T[; gT[Vh
dh fJZe fJZe gzesh d/ noE ftukoB dh y/ub eo', fi; ftZu dhtkbh
dk fiaeo ehsk frnk j?. fJ; d/ noE GkJh tho f;zx ih tb'A “tkoK
GkJh r[odk; ih ;Nhe” ftu'A bJ/ rJ/ jB. fJ; fJZe gT[Vh ftZu S/
bkJhBK jB. gfjbhnK gzi gzeshnK ftZu, Bk;tkB ;z;koh t;sK dh
fSB Gzro Bk;wkBsk dk fiaeo j? i' E'Vh fizBh y[;ah d/ e/, nb'g j'
iKdhnK jB. S/thA nkyaoh gzesh ftZu r[owfs T[gd/;a okjhA, ;apd dh
ftuko d[nkok, ;dhthA ;[Zy df;nk frnk j?. nkT[ fJZe fJZe gzesh
ftukohJ/L^
1H dhtkbh dh okfs dht/ pkbhnfB..
dhtkbh dh oks B{z b'eh dht/ pkbd/ jB. go E'Vh d/
o pkd, fJjBK dhftnK dk tesh ukBD s/ y[;ah nb'g j' iKdh j?.
2H sko/ ikfs ;Bkfs nzpfo GkbhnfB..
oks B{z tZv/ S'N/sko/ nkek;a ftZu vbQeK wkod/ jB,
fdB/ T[jBK dk y[ok y'i BjhA bGdk. nb'g j' iKd/ jB.
3H c[ZbK dh pkrkfs u[fD u[fD ukbhnfB..
c[ZbK bZd/ pkrK ftZu e[ZM ;w/A se ;z[dosk py/od/ jB.
e[ZM jh ;w/A pkd c[b s'V bJ/ iKd/ jB iK w[oMk iKd/ jB.
4H shofE iksh ikfs B?D fBjkbhnfB..
:ksoh b'e N'bhnK pzBQ e/, shoEK s/ tZv/ fJeZm ik
eod/ jB, go e[M fdBK dh o"De s'A pkd shoEK s/ ;z[B T[ikV j[zdh j?.
(152)

5H jfo uzdT[oh Mkfs t;kfJ T[ukbhnfB..
okik joh;a uzdo Bkb i[Vh ebfgs rkEk w[skpe
caoiah ;tor dh ebgBk eo bJh iKdh j? s/ ebgBk ftZu jh ;tor
T[FZiV th iKdk j?.
6H r[ow[fy ;[ycb dkfs ;pfd ;wkbhnfB.. (6^19)
r[ow[yK B{z nkswe nBzd o{gh ;[ZyK dh dks, ;fsr[o{
d/ ;apd d[nkok gqkgs j'Jh j? i' ;kohnK y[;ahnK s'A Pq'wDh j? s/ ed/
yasw BjhA j[zdh.
fJ; tko ftZu GkJh r[odk; ih B/, nBzss T[dkjoDK d/ e/,
E'V fuoh y[;ah dk fiaeo eo e/ “;dk nBzd” ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;apd iK
T[gd/;a B{z nkfynk j?. ek;a fe n;h dhtkbh dh E'V fuoh \[;ah dk
“xo c{e swk;ak Bk t/yhJ/.” ;kvhnK iE/pzdhnK ;zrs d/ g?;/ B{z b'V
tkbh EK s/ yaou e/, ;ekoEk eoB s/ okrh, gqukoe uko fSbVK pdb/
, ;zrsK B{z e[okj/ gkT[D tork pZIo gkg Bk eoB.
fJ; fdB XB dh d/th (bZSwh) dh g{ik ehsh iKdh j?. o[g? g?;/
dh g{ik eoB tkbk wB[y fjo;h bkbuh s/ X'y/pki j't/rk. g?;/ dk g[Zs
(g[ikoh) g?;/ ekoB, g[Zso Xh fJZis nkpo{ s/ Xow Gh t/u/rk. fJ;
fdB nopK yopK dk wkb ftedk j?. fiBK B/ ewkJh eoBh j? T[jBK
bJh dhtkbh “pVh GkrK Goh j?”. pj[s/ b'e nkgDk M[Zrk u"V eotk
b?Ad/ jB. fJZe ;akfJo B/ pVk ;'jDk fbfynk j?L^
jt; e/ pzd/, tck e' p/u d/s/ j?A.
y[dk e/ xo eh fenk ejhJ/, f:j y[d e' p/u d/s/ j?A.
fwsh 8^11^2007 dh fJe fjzdh nypko dh fog'oN w[skpe
9^11^07 B{z fdtkbh tkb/ fdB gzikp d/ T[d:'fre ;afjo b[fXnkD/ ftu
uko eo'V o[g? dh nks;pkih ubkJh ikt/rh. gzikp Go ftu 30 s'A
ukbh eo'V o[g? nZr bke/ c{e fds/ ikDr/. fdZbh ;afjo ftu uko nop
o[g? fdtkbh B{z you fds/ ikDr/. pzpJh ;G s'A nr/ j?, fiE/ S/ nop
o[g? dhtkbh dh G/N uV ikDr/. fJe r'ok fdtkbh tkb/ fdBK ftu fdZbh
nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. id'A T[;B/ fes/ gZsoekoK Bkb w[bkeks ehsh sK
gZsoeko B/ g[ZfSnk fe fJ; tkoh s[;hA Gkos ftu dhtkbh t/yh j?, fet/
(153)

A wfj;{; eod/ j'<
r'ok p'fbnk ^ “w?A ;[fDnk ;h Gkos rohp d/;a j?. fJE'A dh
;oeko pd/;K ftu' wzr fgB e/, eoi/ dhnK gzvK u[e e/ E'V/ fij/
ftek; d/ ezw eodh j?. ;[fDnk ;h fJE/ rohph ekoB b'eh nDgV
ofj iKd/ jB. fJbki dh ewh ekoB wo iKd/ jB. nZX/ d/;a tk;hnK
B{z d' tes g/N GothA o'Nh B;hp BjhA j[zdh. ;kc ;[Eok ghD tkbk gkDh
BjhA fwbdkk. sB YeD bJh eZgVk BjhA. ofjD bJh wekB BjhAHHHH.
i' w?A ;[fDnk ;h brd? T[j rbs ;h. fi; d/;a d/ b'e yopK o[g? fdtkbh
tor/ fJe' fsT[jko s/ nZr bk e/ c[e d/D, T[j d/; rohp BjhA j' ;edk
iK s/ fJE'A d/ b'e nfsnzs nwho jB. fiBK e'b'A g?;k w[ekfJnk BjhA
w[edk. iK fco gkrb jB fe nZXk d/P G[Zy Bzr Bkb ftnke[b j?.
ftek; d/ ezwo o[e/ gJ/ jB d{i/ g;/ f;sw fe nEkj g?;k nrB G/N
ehsk ik fojk j?.
d/;a pd/;a ftub/ pj[s/ gqpzXe r[od[nkfonK ftub/ g?;/ B{z fiE/
j'o nB/e YzrK okjh popkd eod/ jB. T[E/ Bkb jh fdtkbh tkbh oks
B{z Gh nks;apkih okjhA r'beK ftubk p/nzs g?;k nrB G/N eo fdzd/
jB. ek;a fJj g?;k ftfdnk s/ you jz[dk. Gb/ ekoiK s/ brdk. gsk
BjhA r[o{ pkpk ih dh fdsh ws ed'A ;wM nkt/rh. fdB ;ko/ pokpo
jB. y[;ah rwh ftu nv'b ofjDk j?. ;'Bk s/ fwZNh ifjo s/ nzfwqs ;w
eo ikBDk j?. Gkt/A fe nv'bsk tkbh fizadrh fpskT[Dh j?. r[o{ tke
jBL
gqG eh nkfrnk nksw fjskt?.. ihtB w[efs ;'T{ ejkt?..
s?;k joy[ s?;k T[;[ ;'r[.. ;dk nBzd[ sj Bjh fpUr[..
s?;k ;[toB[ s?;h T;[ wkNh.. s?;k nfwqs s?;h fpy[ ykNh.
s?;k wkB[ s?;k nfGwkB[.. s?;k oze[ s?;k okikB[..
i' toskJ/ ;kJh i[rfs.. BkBe Uj[ g[oy[ ejhn? ihtB w[efs (275)
(154)

BkBe;akjh e?bzvo dk fto'X feT[A<
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dk ubkfJnk, ;Ekgs ehsk, f;Zyh BthB
Xos j?. ftfrnkB dh e;"Nh s/ g{ok T[soB tkbk, GftZy^w[yh, ;w;s
gqkDh wkso ƒ fgnko ebkt/ ftu b?D tkbk Xow j?. fJ; ftu do;kJ/
n;{b g[okD/ XowK Bkb eJh EKJhA w/b yk ikD eo e/ e[M b'e fJ;
ƒ w[V g[okD/ XowK dk fwbr'Gk fijk o{g do;kT[Dk ukjz[d/ jB id'A fe
fJ; d/ fBo'b nkgD/ nvo/ n;{b jB. oZp dk ;o{g, wB[Zyh ofjs,
tkfjr[o{ ƒ wzBD d/ Yzr sohe/, ngD/ jh Bt/eb/ nzdkI ftu fpnkB/
rJ/ jB. go fJ; ƒ wzBD tkfbnK bJh frnkBtkB j'Dk pjs[ Io{oh
j?. id'A n;hA Ppd Gzvko r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ƒ Bw;eko eod/ jK,
sd'A frnkB d/ yaIkB/, ftfdnk d/ ;kro, d;K gksPkjhnK dh nkswe
I's, 35 wjKg[oyK d/ ;z;koh s/ fBozekoh T[usw frnkB ƒ ;h; M[ek,
PoXk gqrN eod/ jK. fe;/ w{osh wB[Zy iK gP{ gzSh d/ g[ikoh f;Zy
BjhA jB. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJe fJBebkph u/sBk bfjo g?dk ehsh,
fi; B/ ;kohnK g[oksB nzXft;atk;h wB"sK ƒ oZd eo e/, wB[Zy wkso
ƒ BthA ;'u, BthA ;fGnsk, BthA Xow u/sBk s/ BtK oki ;zebg
fdsk. r[o{ ekb s'A jh ;Ekgs o{Vhtkdh ;'u d/ XkoBh b'eK B/, fJ;
BthB ftukoXkok dk g{oh Pesh Bkb fto'X ehsk j?. r[opkDh B/ t/
dK d/ 'd/tpkDh' j'D ƒ gqtkB BjhA ehsk, pqkjwD dh T[usk G[zi/ bkj
fdsh, iks gks ƒ iVQ'A fjbk fdsk. d/th d/tfsnk ƒ wB[Zyh u/sBk u'
yakoi eo fdsk. iVQk g{ik, ftnesh g{ik, gP{^gzSh g{ik, Xosh
uzdowk s/ ;{oi g{ik tb'A w{zj w'V e/ nekb g[oy ƒ wzBD s/ ;wMD
d/ okj N'fonk. ebi[r, ;fsi[r dk G'r gk fdsk s/ to, ;okg, Boe
;[or ƒ r[of;ZyK dh wkBf;esk ftu'A wBcah eo fdsk. wB[Zy ƒ ;[ykbk
Xowh okj ftyk fdsk s/ ;kok g[oksB e{Vk eoeN MkV ;[fNnk.
r[opkDh dh f;XKse ;{M s'A e'o/, pqkjwDh ;'u ftu rq;/, nB/
e f;Zy nZi Gh o{Vhtkdh o;wK ohsK ƒ rZb Bkb bkJh ftuod/ t/y/ ik
;ed/ jB. d;zpo wjhB/ (1999) d/ g;'e;w?B ftu nfij/ d' b/y Sg/
jB. fJe fgnkok f;zx gdw dk d;w rqzE pko/, fi; dk pj[s jh Y[etK
itkp w[Zy ;zgkde ;kfjp B/ fdsk j?. gkmeK B/ th dbhb Gog{o
(155)

i[nkp fby e/ gdw ih ƒ ;st/A nek;a d/ do;aB eotk fds/ jB. d{ik
fJe b/y Sfgnk j? BkBePkjh ebzvo d/ fto'X ftu, eoBb n?;Hn?;H
fBPkB dk. fJjBK B/ nB/e ewhnK Bkb Go/, jIkoK ;kb gfjbK pD/
''uzdow[yh ebzvo Bkb j/I gqrNkfJnk j? s/ jo soQK dh BthBsk s'A th
w{zj w'fVnk j?. fJ; soQK fto'X eofdnK b/ye B/ e'Jh Y[ethA dbhb
th BjhA fdsh. fbys nkgk^fto'Xh ftukoK Bkb Goh gJh j?. ;G s'A
nca;'; tkbh rZb fJj j? fe Pq'wDh ew/Nh tb'A Sg/ s/ ;qL gkb f;zx g[o/
tkb tb'A fsnko ehs/, BkBePkjh e?bzvo dh G{fwek th gVQB dh y/ub
BjhA ehsh s/ fto'X ftu b/y fby wkfonk. T[BQK tb'A T[mkJ/ pj[s/
B[efsnK dk itkp sK ebzvo dh G{fwek ftu jh fwb ikDk ;h.
fBPkB ih fbyd/ jB^ ''fJ;bkw Xow ftu ;ko/ jh fsT[jko
uzdowk dhnK soheK s/ wBkJ/ iKd/ jBHHH.'' fgnko/ ihU ` Iok o[e'
s/ ngD/ nky/ s/ ftuko eo'. fJ;/ ekoB w[;bwkBK d/ o'I/, edh rowh
ftu, edh ;odh ftu, edh po;ks ftu, s/ edh p;zs o[Zs/ nkT[Ad/
jB. fJ;/ ekoB T[j b'e wIke d/ gkso jh pDd/ jB. T[j j'o th
pj[s nfij/ ezw eod/ jB fiBQK ƒ nZi d/ ;w/A ftu gqtkB BjhA ehsk
ik ;edk, fit/A godk eoBk, n"os ƒ pokpo nfXeko Bk d/Dk, gP{
ƒ jbkb (oZp d/ Bkw s/) eoBk, ;[zBs nkfd. f;Zy T[jBK dh oh; feT[A
eoB< T[j Xow 1400 ;kb g[okDk j?, ni T[jBK dk e?bzvo ;w/A Bkb'A
gSfVnk wfj;{; j' fojk j?. f;ZyK B/ fJZehthA ;dh ftu dkyab/ tes
nkgDk e?bzvo fsnko ehsk j?. fJj T[jBK s'A fte;s sK j't/rk jh.
fJ;/ soQK p[ZX ws ns/ pqkjwDh ws pko/ fejk ik ;edk j?. wjkswk
p[ZX pko/ fJj gqtkB eo fbnk frnk j'fJnk j? fe T[j g{oBwkPh ƒ
iBw/ ;B, sohe e'Jh BjhA, ;kb e'Jh BjhA. okw uzdo B"wh ƒ iBw/,
feqPB ih nZmthA ƒ, sohe s/ ;zws nkfd e'Jh BjhA. id'A wB[Zy dh
p[ZXh B/ jkbh nZi tork ftek; BjhA ehsk ;h, sd'A ezw ubkT[D bJh
wZf;nk g[zfBnK Bkb ;pzXs eoe/ ezw ubk fbnk iKdk ;hA nZi
ezfgT{No i[Zr j?. ;fezN dk jIkotK fjZ;k th wkfgnk ik ;edk j?.
fco n;hA gZEo :[Zr tb, fgSKj ƒ feT[A goshJ/<
b/ye B/ \[d Gh ;theko ehsk j? fe 25 d;zpo ;{oi dh g{ik
dk fdB ;h. T[;/ fdB ƒ Jh;kJhnK B/ Jh;k dk iBw fdB n?bkB eo
fdsk. T[jBK d/ PoXkb{ neb d/ eZu/ jh j'Dr/ i' :;{ w;hj dh |oIh
(156)

iBw sohe ƒ n;bh wzB p?m/ ` p[ZX i:zsh, okw B"wh s/ iBw nPNwh
tkfbnK dk th fJj' jkb j?. r[o{ to';kJ/ f;ZyK e'b ;ZG e[M w"i{d j?,
fco ;wK ftjk u[ZehnK ohsK d/ fgSbZr feT[A pfDnk ikt/< fBPkB ih
T[go fIeo eo nkJ/ jB fe 4 Btzpo ƒ fizB/ e?bzvoK dhnk soheK
t/yhnK, nbZr nbZr ;B. d{ih EK nkg/ ;op Xow gqtkfBs e?bzvo''
dh tekbs Gh eo oj/ jB. ;op gqtkfBs e?bzvo sK e'Jh Gh BjhA j?,
;G d/ nkg' nkgD/ jB. fco f;ZyK dk nkgDk e?bzvo feT[A Bk bkr{
ehsk ikt/<
fBPkB ih fbyd/ jB ^ d[BhnK d/ ;ko/ e?bzvo fe;/ nfjw
fJfsjk;e xNBk dh :kd ftu pDkJ/ iKd/ jB. go BkBe;akjh e?bzvo
1969 s'A feT[A bkr{ ehsk frnk j?

i/ fes/ fJ; soqK dk e?bzvo w?A fsnko eodk sK fJ; ftu j'o th tkX/
eob/ ;h. fdB ns/ wjhfBnK d/ Bkw fBo'b nkgD/ jh oyD/ ;B,
fjzd{nK s/ fJ;kJhnK tkb/ BjhA. wjhfBnK d/ Bkw fJj ukjhd/ ;B^
BkBePkjh ebzvo t?;ky s'A P[o{ j'Dk ;h, feT[Afe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dk
gqek;a t?;ky ftu j'fJnk ;h. gfjb/ wjhB/ dk Bkw j'Dk ;h BkBe
fBozekoh wjhBk. d{ik, nzrd T[gekoh wjhBk. shik, nwodk;
fjsekoh wjhBk. okwdk; pfbjkoh wjhBk. noiB, fbykoh wjhBk.
jfo r'fpzd, pbekoh wjhBK. jfo okfJ, P;so Xkoh wjhBk.
jfofeq;aB, pkb d[bkoh wjhBk. s/r pjkdo f;deXkoh wjhBk.
r'fpzd f;zx, gzi eekoh wjhBk. r[o{ rqzE, ftfdnk ftukoh wjhBk.
\kbk;k, s/I eokoh wjhBk (pkjotK) .
w?A ;ZsK fdBK d/ Bkw th fJ; soQK oyD/ ;h^ ;'wtko dh EK
GJh dfJnk f;zx tko, wzrbtko dh EK GkJh Xow f;zx tko,
p[ZXtko dh EK GkJh fjzws f;zx tko, thotko dh EK, GkJh w'jew
f;zx tko, P[Zeotko dh EK, GkJh ;kfjp f;zx tko, PBhtko dh EK
GkJh wBh f;zx tko, n?stko dh EK GkJh ihtB f;zx tko (i?sk ih)
i' ;wK gk e/ pD ikDk ;h^ dfJnktko, Xowtko, fjzwstko,
w'jewtko, ;kfjptko, wBhtko s/ i?stko.
BkBePkjh izsoh d/ b/ye ;qL gkb f;zx B/ pVh fwjBs eoe/
soheK mhe jh fdZshnK jB. i/ fe;/ ƒ mhe gqshs BjhA j[zdhnK sK th
fe;/ fJe Ekt/A sK ;fjwsh eoBh jh gt/rh fit/A Jh;kJhnK B/ 25
d;zpo s/ ;fjwsh eo bJh j?. fJj tkfenk iZr Ikjo j? fe \kb;k
;kiBk tkbh ft;kyh 30 wkou 1699 ƒ ;h. i/ fJj gzdoK fdBK dk
|oe ;kfonK ƒ jIw j' frnk j?, sK BkBePkjh izsoh ftubk, d' uko
fdBK dk |oe Gh jIw feT[A BjhA j' fojk< fJ; dk eh ekoB wzfBnk
ikt/< fJeZb/ pkb/ (|oIh Bkw

;zws dh }bsh ekoB j't/rk. jK T[jBK Bkb'A s'V ftS'Vk jh fpjso
oj/rk. nZr/ bJh j'b/ wjb/ dh fJe fBPfus sohe j't/rh. nfij/ fBZe/
^fBZe/ ekoB izsoh oZd eoB tkb/ BjhA ;B.
eoBb fBPkB B/ izsoh pDkT[D pko/ fJe efwPB fpmkT[D dk
;[Mkn fdsk j?. T[jBK ƒ gsk j'Dk ukjhdk ;h fe fJj e?bzvo 30 tZy
tZy e?bzvoK dh goy gVu'b eoe/ fsnko ehsk frnk j?. id'A fe;/
ezw ƒ y{j yks/ gkT[D dk wBPk j't/, sd'A efw;aB fpmkJhdk j?.
fJ; ;zpzX ftu frnkBh g{oB f;zx iE/dko B/ (T[; ;w/A T[j
nekb sys dk w[Zy ;/tkdko ;h) 4 Btzpo 1999 ƒ nekb sys
;kfjp fty/ fJe whfNzr ;Zd bJh. fJBQK ;soK d/ b/ye ƒ r[owfs
frnkB fwPBoh ekbi b[fXnkDk tb'A Pkwb j'D dk w"ek w/b pD
frnk. fJ; BkBePkjh ebzvo s/ ftuko eoB bJh T[j b'e ;Zd/ j'J/
;B, fiBQK edh ;e{b ekbi dk pkjoh r/N th BjhA ;h t/fynk. T[jBK
nkJ/ ftdtkBK (

nvzpo ofunk j'fJnk j?. nekb sys tkbh f;Zy ofjs wfonkdk B{z
e'Jh ;kX BjhA wzBdk. jK BkBe;akjh e?bzvo oZd eokT[D tk;s/ nekb
sys B{z Ykb dh soQK tofsnk iKdk j?. d[ekBdkoK tb'A SghnK
izsohnK, pkfpnK d/ fB;afus ehs/ ;ko/ fdB soheK SkgdhnK jB.
nBwsK d/ fdB fsT[jko Gh Sg/ j[zd/ jB. pj[s ;kohnK rbK r[ows
s'A T[bN Gh SghnK j[zdhnK jB. fJsBk e{V e[co jo fe;/ Bz{ ipkBh
:kd BjhA ofjzdk. fJ; bJh d[ekBdkoK s'A izsohnK yohdDhnK wiap{oh
pD iKdh j?. d[ekBdkoK B/ nkgD/ uzr/ wzd/ wkb d/ izsohnK ftu
fJPfsjko Gh fds/ j[zd/ jB. i/ eo BkBe;ajh e?bzvo nbZr j' frnk
sK e[ZM jh ;w/A nzdo, r[o{ xo Bkb ;pzXs ;ko/ fsT[jko s/ r[og[op
ipkBh :kd j' ikDr/. T[; jkbs ftu d[ekBK s'A izsoh fe;/ B/ BjhA
yohdDh. ;q'wDh ew/Nh tb'A izsoh brGr w[cas (iK xZN ehws s/)
G/i fdZsh iKdh j?. fJ; izsoh ftu fJsoki:'r e'Jh ;wroh Gh BjhA
j[zdh. fJ;/ ekoB ;kX pkp/ ns/ d[ekBdko iE/pzde o{g ftu y{p ;a'o
wuk oj/ jB.
ekP ` ;kv/ w[yhnK ƒ Gh fJ; ;fsr[o d/ ;ki/ gzE s/ so; nk
ikt/. nXgVQ s/ nBgVQ bhvoK (Xkowe s/ okiBhseK) s'A edh
S[Nekok fwb/, uzrh nrtkJh fwb/. y/o{z^y/o{z j' u[Ze/ gzE dh uVQdh ebk
j't/. fJZethA ;dh d/ jkD d/ bhvo ;kƒ feXo'A pj[Vh eo e/ puk b?D.
fco d;w rzqE, okrwkbk, j/w e[zN nkfd tor/ w;b/ th fwb p?m e/
;[bMkJ/ ik ;eDr/.
B'N L fJj b/y ;g'e;w?B w?rihB ftu cotoh 2000 B{z Sfgnk ;h. T[;
tes Pq'wDh ew/Nh B/ fJ; ebzvo ftu wZf;nk g[zfBnk ;zrqKd eY fdsh
;h. “;kXk ;zsK” ns/ fjzd{ bkph dk dpkT[ g?D eoe/ wZf;nk g[zfBnk sK
gkJh jh ;h. ;r'A okwB"wh iBw, n;Nwh, gzdoK nr;s, eJhnK d/ iBw
woB fdB Gh fJ; ftu gk bJ/. ;wM' fe fJ; ebzvo dk j[bhnk ftrkV e/
bkr{ ehsk j?. (b/ye)
(160)

GkJh r[odk; dhnK tkoK
r[opkDh dh e{zih fet/ <
GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih ;z;ko gZXo d/ tZv/ ftdtkB s/ fcbk;co
;B. T[jBK tb'A r[opkDh ;zgkdBk dk i' nkbhPkB ezw ehsk frnk j?,
T[;dk i[nkp BjhA j?. i/ f;ZyK ftu'A T[j pj[s tZv/ ftdtkB ;B sK jh
r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih B/ T[jBK ƒ wjkB ;/tk ;"Agh ;h. T[jBK dhnK
ukbh tkoK ftZu r[opkDh dh Gog{o ftnkfynk ehsh j'Jh fwbdh j?.
pj[s ;kok fJfsjk;, tkoK ftZu w"i{d j?. r[o{ ;fjpkB d/ ehs/
goT[gekoK dk fIeo j?. r[o{ dh b'V pko/ p/nzs ;/XK pyfPP ehshnK
jB. r[ow[y s/ wBw[y dh ft;Eko ;fjs ftnkfynk ehsh fwbdh j?.
rZb eh r[opkDh ftub/ n;{bK ƒ y'jb e/ ;wMkT[D dk T[jBK ƒ ;'jDk
tZb nkT[Adk j?. fco GkJh ih d/ 675 efpZs ;tJhJ/, fby/ j'J/ fwbd/
jB. T[jBK ftZu wkB' GkJh ih B/ cb;|/ dhnK p[bzdhnK ƒ gko eo
fbnk j?. fJzB/ tZv/ ftdtkB j'D d/ pkti{d Gh T[jBK d/ ihtB Bkb ikD/
nDikD/ ftZu pj[s ;kohnK nihp' rohp ;kyhnK xNBktK i[VhnK
j'JhnK jB. gq'L ;fkjp f;zx ih B/ pVk isB ehsk ;h, fJfsjk; ns/
r[opkDh ftZu'A y'N pkjo eY ;[ZND dk. T[jBK dh ftdtsk s/ fwjBs
nr/ ;dk jh f;o M[edk oj/rk. go T[jBK tb'A nkozfGnk ezw g{ok
BjhA j'fJnk ;h. jkbh j'o pj[s e[M eoB tkbk pkeh j?. ftuko
nXhB b/y ftZu GkJh r[odk; ih dh pkDh ƒ r[opkDh dh e{zih fe;
B/ fejk ;h < iK fco fJj r[opkDh dh e{zih j? fe BjhA. fJj
“todkB” r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih B/ fdsk fe S/t/ gkfsPkj ih B/
< fJjBK B[efsnK pko/ jEb/ b/y ftZu ftuko ehsh ikt/rh.
f;ZyK ftZu fbykohnK dk sK e'Jh xkNk BjhA, go pV/ nc;';
Bkb efjDk g/Adk j? fe “r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftZu” fbyDk, fe;/ ftob/
GkJh r[ouoB f;zx (fiT[D tkbk ^ e?B/vk)
(161)

d/ fjZ;/ nkfJnk j?. i/eo e'Jh ftnesh r[opkDh pko/ fby fojk j't/
sK e;tZNh r[opkDh jh j'Dh ukjhdh j?. i/ tkoK GkJh r[odk; ih pko/
fby/ sK tkoK ftubhnK rtkjhnK jh j'DhnK ukjhdhnK jB. nkgD/
wBwoih d/ rg"V/ SvD/ r[ows BjhA j' ;edh. “tkoK” ƒ r[opkDh
dh e{zih fe;B/ fejk pko/ ftuko eo bJhJ/. gqubs ;kyh w[skpe r[o{
noiB ;kfjp ih B/ fJZe fdB fgnko ftZu fGZie/ GkJh r[odk; ih ƒ
g[ZfSnk ^ “wkwk ih` (GkJh r[odk; ih r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih d/ wkwk
ih ;B) s[jkvh pkDh Gh g'Eh ;fkjp ftZu Pkwb eo d/JhJ/

B/ GkJh r[odk; dhnK tkoK ƒ, r[opkDh dh e{zih dk “todkB” fdsk.
id'A fe fJj e'ok M{m j?, f;Zy ;zrsK nfrnkBsk ekoB fJ; M[m ƒ ;Zu
;wMe/ gqtkB eodhnK nk ojhnK jB. tko BzL 1, gT[Vh Bzpo 48
ftZu, GkJh ;kfjp S/ r[o{nK dk ;gPN T[b/y eod/ jB, gV' ^
gzfi fgnkb/ gzfi gho, Smw[ gho[ p?mk r[o[ Gkoh]
noiB[ ekfJnk gbfN e?, w{ofs jfor'fpzd ;tkoh]HHHHHH
db GziB r[o[ ;{owk tv i'Xk pj[ goT[gekoh]
i[fr i[fr ;fsr[o[ Xo/ ntskoh]
fJj gzrshnK T[; tes fbyhnK rJhnK id'A r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih r[o rZdh s/ fpokiwkB j' rJ/ ;B. T[; t/b/ gzit/A ;fsr[o{
Pjhd j' u[e/ ;B. sd'A g'Eh ;kfjp ekch gfjbK ;zg{oD j' u[eh ;h.
i/ gfjbh tko ftZu jh S/t/A ;fsr[oK dk Bkw b? e/ fieo ehsk frnk
j? sK ;gPN j? fe fJ; s'A gfjbK GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk jh e[M
BjhA ;h.
nZr/ tko BzL 3, gT[Vh 12 ftZu GkJh ;kfjp ih fco fJe' EK,
S/ ;fsr[o{nK dk fIeo eo oj/ jB ^
;fsr[o{ BkBe d/T[, r[ok r[o[ j'fJ]
nzrd[ nby[ nG/T[, ;fji ;w'fJnk]HHHHHH
r[o[ noiB efo ;/T[ Y'n? Y'fJnk]
r[o{ jfor'fpzd[ nw/T[ nfwT[ ftb"fJnk] (12^3)
fJj tko Gh sd'A jh fbyh rJh id'A gzit/A r[od/t Pjhd j' u[e/
;B. fi; tes S/t/A BkBe r[o rZdh s/ fpokiwkB j' u[e/ ;B feT[Afe
S/ r[o{nK dk fJeZmk jtkbk w"i{d j?.
frnkoth tko dh s/jothA s/ u"XthA gT[Vh ftZu, GkJh r[odk;
ih B/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ f;ZyK dk jtkbk fdsk j?. pkekfJdk Bkw
fby e/ rtkjh gkJh j?. ;w/s GkJh wodkB/ d/ ;ko/ wPj{o f;ZyK dk
fJjBK d'tK gT[VhnK ftZu fIeo j?. “Gbk opkp tikfJzdk wib;
wodkBk whok;h]” fJE/ pkb/ Bkw tkb/ fe;/ f;Zy dk, GkJh r[odk;
B/ fieo BjhA ehsk. fJj coih pkbk Bkw tkbk ftnesh, n;b ftZu
izfvnkb/ dk d[Bh uzd ;h. “jzdkbhJ/” Bkwh fJZe N'b/ B? nkgD/ nkg ƒ
(163)

[o{ BkBe Bkb' Gh tZv/ j'D dk e[eowh rzqE fbfynk. fJjBK pko/ GkJh
ekjB f;zx ih BkGk, fJT[A fbyd/ jB ^“izfvnkbk fbtk;h jzdkb iZN,
;zws 1630 ftZu phph ;[yh d/ roG s'A rkih d/ xo iBfwnk. fJ; dh
Pkdh jwi/ ukjb dh g[Zsoh,T[swh Bkb j'Jh. fi; d/ T[do s'A fpXh uzd
g[Zso g?dk j'fJnk. GkJh jzdkb, r[o{ nwodk; ih dk nfBzB f;Zy ;h.
fJ; ƒ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gqukoe Ekge/ wzih py;h. fJj gfjbK ;fsr[o{
d/ bzro dh ;/tk gq/w Bkb eodk fojk ;h. fJ; d/ fgzv dk BkT[A r[o{
ek izfvnkbk gqf;ZX j'fJnk. jzdkb jo t/b/ ^ “fBoziB^fBoziB”
Ppd dk ikg eodk ofjzdk ;h, fJ; ekoD T[;dh ;zgodkfJ dk Bkw
“fBoziBhJ/” g? frnk. jzdkb dk fdjKs ;zws 1705 ftZu j'fJnk.
jzdkb dk g[Zso fpXh uzd tZvk e[eowh ;h. T[; B/ r[o{ BkBe d/t tkbh
iBw ;kyh pj[s nP[ZX eo fdsh. wBwzBhnK rbK fbye/ nkgD/ n"r[DK
ƒ f;yh d/ fB:w (n;{b) ;kps eoB dk isB ehsk. eJh jzdkbhJ/
wjzsK B/ f;ZyK d/ fto[X bkj"o d/ ikfbw jkewK ƒ n:'r: ;jkfjsk
fdsh s/ f;ZyK dk p[ok ehsk.” (wjkB e'P gzBk ^ 715 Skg 1981, Gk;k
ftGkr) fJjBK dh fbyh e{V dh gzv “pkb/ tkbh iBw;kyh” Bkw Bkb
wPj{o eo fdsh rJh. fi; okjhA r[o{ BkBe goT[gekoh ih dh
fBowb P\;hns dh p/Powh dhnK jZdK T[bzxe/ s"jhB ehsh rJh j?.
;kv/ ftukoK dh gq'Vsk tk;s/ nZr/ j'o Gh ;p{s w"i{d jB. tko
s/joth, gT[Vh 25thA ftZu, fco GkJh r[odk; ih S/ r[o{ ;fjpkB dk
Bkw fbyd/ jB. id'A S/t/A ;fsr[oK dk, r[o{ o{g ftZu Bkw fbfynk
ikt/rk sK fpBK PZe T[; tes S/t/A gkfsPkj r[orZdh s/ fpokiwkB
jB. r[orZdh dh fizw/tkoh sd'A jh gqkgs j'Jh id'A gzit/A gkfsPkj
Pjhdh gk rJ/ ;B. gowkD jB ^
okw o;e noiB r[o{, nfpub noy/T{]
jfor'ftzd r'ftzd[ r[o ekoD eoD/T[]
24thA tko dh 21thA gT[Vh ftZu S/ r[o{ ;fjpkB dk w[V Bkw
nkfJnk j?. fJe' gzesh ftZu S/t/A ;fsr[o{ pko/ gV' ^
r[o{ r'ftzd[ r'ftzd[ r[o[, jfo r'ftzd[ ;dk ftr;zdk]
fJ;/ soQK fJ; 24 thA tko dhnK gT[Vh BzL 21, 23, 24 s/ 25
(164)

ftZu ;gPN r[o{ jfor'ftzd ;kfjp ƒ r[o{ fbfynk j'fJnk j?. gT[Vh BzL
23 ftZu r[o{ noiB ;kfjp dh Pjhdh fbyh j'Jh gVh ik ;edh j? ^
“r[o{ noiB ftNj[ e[opkDh]” fJj ;p{s GkJh r[odk; ih tb'A
fbfynk j'fJnk j?, fe r[o{ noiB ;kfjp e[opkBh eo rJ/ Pjhd j'
rJ/. Pjhdh pko/ fbyD dk wsbp fe Pjhdh s'A wro'A, GkJh r[odk;
ih B/ tkoK fbyDhnK P[o{ ehshnK.
tko BzL 26 gT[Vh BzL 24 ftZu S/t/A ;fsr[o{ ih tb'A ehs/ ik
oj/ nB'y/ ekoiK dk ft;Eko Bkb toBD ehsk frnk j?. fit/A fe ^
gfjb/ gzi/ r[o{ Xow;kb ftZu fNe e/ T[gd/P eod/ ;B. go S/t/A
;fsr[o{ o'ikBk ;co ftZu ofjzd/ jB. gfjbK ;kX{ ;[Gkn ikDe/ oki/
wjkoki/ ;fseko ;fjs Bw;eko eoB nkT[Ad/ ;B, go fJj y[d
pkdPkj pD p?m/ jB, feb/ pDk bJ/ jB, izr i[X eoB br gJ/ jB.
;zrsK doPB eoB nkT[AdhnK jB, go nr'A gsk brdk j? ;fsr[o{ ih
sK fes/ d{o rJ/ j'J/ jB. fJjBK ƒ vo jh Bjh nktzdk fe;/ s'A.
gfjbK ;fsr[o{ ih wzih s/ fpokiwkB j' e/ ;zrsK ƒ Xow T[gd/P eo
oj/ jB. fJjBK B/ x'V/ oZy bJ/, f;ekoh e[Zs/ gkb bJ/, fBs fPeko
eoB iKd/ jB. gfjb/ gzi r[o{ pkDh gVd/ rkT[Ad/ ;B, j'o pkDh fbyd/
;B, go fJj sK pkDh BjhA T[ukod/, ;r'A pho o;h tkoK dk goubD
eotk fdsk. gfjbK ;/te f;Zy ji{oh ftZu ofjzd/ ;B, fJjBK B/ sK
ijKrho tor/ gkgh okfinK Bkb w/b fwbkg P[o{ eo fbnk j?. go ;Zu
b[ekfJnk b[edk BjhA, f;nkD/ f;Zy ikDd/ jB fe S/t/A ;fsr[o{ ih i'
ezw eo oj/ jB, T[jBK dh ;w/A nB[;ko Io{os j?. ;fsr[o{ rbsh
BjhA eod/ fJjBK f;ZyK ƒ jh Gb/yk br frnk j?. r[o{ jfor'ftzd
;kfjp pj[s wjkB jB, fgsk dh Pjhdh ƒ oZph oik eoe/ ;theko
ehsk. b'eK dh pzd ybk;h eoB tk;s/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ ysfonK ftZu
gk fbnk. goT[geko ftu ;dk jh o[ZM/ ofjzd/ jB. nkgDk nkokw ;[y
;G fsnkr fdsk j?. fco Gh fe;/ ƒ wfj;{; BjhA j'D fdzd/, fe w?A
s[jkv/ bJh sebhc MZb fojk jK. gT[Vh gVQ' ^
Xow;kb efo pjhdk, fJes EkT[A B fNe? fNekfJnk]
gkfs;kj xfo nKtd/, rfV ufVnk gkfs;kj uVkfJnk]
(165)

T[wfs wjb B gktdh Bmk fco? B vo? vokfJnk]
wzih pfj ;zs'ydk e[s/ oy f;eko[ fybkfJnk]
pkDh efo ;[fD rKtdk, eE? B ;[D? B rkt ;[DkfJnk]
;/te gk; B oyhnfB d'yh d[;N nkr{ w[zfj bkfJnk]
;u[ B b[e/ b[ekfJnk, uoD etb f;y Gto b[GkfJnk.
(tko 26 gT[Vh 24)
fJ;/ 26thA tko dh 34thA gT[Vh ftZu fco S/t/A ;fsr[o[ pko/
fbys w"i{d j? ^
jfor'ftzd[ r[o[ noiBj[ nkfd g[oy nkd/P eokfJnk]
tko nmZsh dh thjthA gT[Vh ftZu r[o{ jfor'ftzd ;kfjp pko/
w[V ;koh tkosk fbyh j'Jh j?. ;zy/g ftZu f;oc d' bkJhBk gowkD bJh
gVQ' ^
jfor'ftzd r[o[ noiBj[ r[o[ r'ftzd[ j'Jh]
r[o[ r'ftzd j[ pkfjok d{ik Bjh e'Jh] (38^20)
i' wjkB ekoi S/t/A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ehs/ ;B, fJ;ko/ wkso
;zy/g ftZu GkJh r[odk; ih B/ ;ko/ fby fds/ jB. T[jBK dh uVs, izr
bVB/, c"iK oZyDhnK, fPeko y/bDk f;ZyK ƒ wk; ykD dk j[ew d/Dk,
;kohnK tZvhnK xNBktK dk ;[zdo Yzr Bkb toBD ehsk j?. jkbh Gh
e'Jh “w?Bk wkƒ” dh w{oysk Goh oZN bkJhA ikt/ sK T[; pko/ sK fJjh
efj ;ed/ jK ^ “tkfjr[o{ T[;ƒ ;[wZs d/t/.”
nZr/ 39 BzL tko dh gT[Vh fszB t/y' ^
d;srho j[fJ gzi gho jfo r[o[ jfor'ftzd[ ns'bk]
dhB d[Bh dk gkfs;kj[ gkfs;kjK gkfs;kj[ nv'bk]
tko 39 dh u"Eh gT[Vh ^
gkopqjw[ g{oB pqjw[ nkfd g[oy[ nkd/;[ nb'nk]
jfor'ftzd r[o Ssq[ uzd'nk]
tko 39 gT[Vh pkoK gVhJ/ ^
r[o{ ;wkDk nkyhn? ;kX ;zrfs nfpBk;h j;?]
S/thA ghVQh r[o{ dh r[o f;yK ghVQh e' d;?]
gfjb/ GkJh r[odk; dhnK ukbh tkoK jB, fJeskbhthA tko
(166)

fe;/ j'o Bk ;wM GkJh r[odk; f;zx (d{ik) dh j?. fJ; tko ftZu pj[s
;kohnK r[ows s'A T[bN rbK jB. Pq'wDh r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A
Bk ;wMh ekoB, fJ; tko ƒ Bkb jh Skg fdsk frnk j?, i' tZvk
ngokX j?. fJj d{ik GkJh r[odk; ;kfJd fw;bK t/b/ j'fJnk j?.
r[o{ noiB ;kfjp s'A b? e/ d;w gkfsPkj se, r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ƒ nkfd rqzE iK g'Eh ;kfjp eoe/ nkfynk iKdk ;h. tke jB
^
g'Eh gow/;o ek XkB[]
;kX ;zfr rktfj r[D r'fpzd g{oB pqjw frnkB[] (1226)
frnkB tXkT[D bJh tkoK s/ efpZs GkJh r[odk; ih gVB/ uzr/
jB. b/feB r[opkDh gqEw doi/ s/ j?. r[opkDh s'A N[ZN/ j'J/ f;Zy nZi
N[efVnK ftZu tzv/ ;kc BIo nk oj/ jB. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ƒ SZve/
pj[sk bkDk d'dfVnK Bkb, YZvohnK Bkb, we;{dV/ Bkb, fGzvoK Bkb,
johnK ghbhnK t/bK Bkb, pkp/ p[Y/ d/ rzfYnK Bkb, d[Zy GziBh p/oh
Bkb, Ne;kbK Bkb, ifEnK Bkb i[V/ j'J/ t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB. pkpk r[o{
BkBe ;kfjp dh f;yh Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk fuokr b? e/ Y{zfvnK PkfJd
e'Jh gq/wh iB fwb ikt/. gzE d'yh skesK fJoh uj[zdhnK B/` ekP f;Zy
ikr g?DHHHHH. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh gktB pkDh noEK ;w/s gVBh P[o{
eo d/DHHHHH.
ftP/P B'N ^ e[M y[d roi b'e, jT[w? jzeko d/ o'rh r[o{ dh
pqkpoh eoB tork pZio gkg eoB tkb/, nkg{z pD/ “;zs pqjw
frnkBh, iK 108”, ;N/iK s/ e[co s'bd/ jB, “t/y' ih pkDh jo fe;/
ƒ ;wM BjhA nk ;edh. fJ; ƒ ikBD tk;s/ gqwkswk ;zsK wjKg[oyK
d/ ;/tk bkT[Adk j?. r[opkDh ftZu ;fsr[o{ ih B/ y[d Gh ;zsK dh ;'Gk
p/nzs EkJh fbyh j'Jh j?. r[opkDh dh ukph (e[zih) Gh ;zsK d/ j/ jZE d/
fdsh j?. tke jB ^
nBjs pkDh g{zih] ;zsB jfE okyh e{ih] (893)
noE sK ;gPN jB fe fJj gftZso r[opkDh “nBjd Bkd”
Gkt n;hw y[PhnK d/D tkbh ;fsr[o{ ih e'b j?. y[Ph Goh fIzdrh
fiT[D dk uZi nuko r[o{ ih f;ykT[Ad/ jB. fJj r[opkDh o{gh e{zih
(167)

(;zs) ;fsr[o[ d/ e'b j?. nr/ ike/ fJjh rb j'o ;gPN j' iKdh j? id'a
pkDh ftu'A fJj gzeshnK gVd/ jK ^
fi;ek frqj[ fsfB dhnK skbk e{zih r[o ;T[gkJh]
nfBe T[gkt eo/ Bjh gkt? fpB[ ;fsr[o ;oDkJh] (205)
fJjh ftuko fJZe j'o EK fJ; soK fbfynk j'fJnk fwbdk j?^
r[o[ e{zih gkj{ fBtb[ wB[ e'mk sB[ Ss[]
BkBe r[o fpB[ wBek ske B T[xV? nto B e{zih jfE] (1237)
;' ;kohnK ukphnK s/ ;ko/ nfXeko ;fsr[o{ ;kfjp e'b jB.
fe;/ ;kX ;zs (