Mankhwala a HIV ndi EDZI - PIH Model Online - Partners in Health

Mutu 5: Mankhwala a HIV ndi EDZI 


Chiyambi 

Mankhwala a ma-ARV amaletsa kachirombo ka HIV kuti kasaswane ndikuononga 

chitetezo cha m’thupi. Mankhwalawa samachiza EDZI, choncho munthu wodwalayo 

afunika kuwamwa moyo wake onse. Mankhwalawa amafunika kuwamwa panthawi 

yomweyomweyo tsiku lililonse komanso kutsatira malangizo ake. Azaumoyo a 

m’mudzi akamvetsa bwino za mankhwala a HIV/EDZI ndiye kuti sikudzakhala kovuta 

kuwalimbikitsa odwala kuti apitirize kumwa mankhwala ndi kupewa makhalidwe 

omwe angaike moyo wawo pachiswe. Mutu uno ufotokoza za ma-ARV ndi nkhani 

zokhudza kusalekeza kumwa mankhwalawa koma kutsata ndondomeko zake. Mfundo 

zokhuza nkhaniyi zapitirizidwa m’gawo 6, lomwe likufotokoza za zovuta zomwe munthu 

amakumana nazo akamwa mankhwalawa. 

Zolinga 

Pakutha pa gawoli ophunzirawa ayenera: 

a Kufotokoza kuti mankhwala a ma-ARV amagwira ntchito yoletsa 

kachirombo ka HIV kuswana m’thupi la munthu. 

b Kufotokoza nthawi yomwe ma-ARV ayenera kumwedwa, kangati pa tsiku, 

nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso kuchuluka kwake. 

c Kuzindikira mayina a ma-ARV ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa 

ntchito pa makhadi olandirira mankhwala. 

d Kufotokoza kuti ma-ARV afunika kuwasunga pamalo ouma, osawalira 

dzuwa, ozizirira komanso posafikira ana. 

e Kuzindikira zizindikiro zoonetsa kuti odwala akumwa mankhwala a ARV 

mosadukizadukiza, akuchita zinthu zoyenera kuti moyo wawo upitirire 

kukhala wathanzi komanso zizindikiro zoonetsa kuti sakuchita zimenezi. 

f 

Kupereka chitsanzo cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makhadi olandirira 

mankhwala. 

g Kufotokoza zimene timatanthauza tikati munthu akumwa mankhala 

mosadukiza ndi mavuto amene amakhalapo. 

Nthawi 

1 Hour, 40 Minutes 

Bukhu Lophunzitsira Alangizi Azaumoyo a M’mudzi a Bungwe la Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo: Chisindikizo Choyeserera 

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Mutu Mwachidule 

Ntchito Zoti Ziphunzitsidwe Njira Nthawi Zipangizo Zofunikira 

1 Mphunzitsi 

2 Ali 

afotokoza 

mfundo zokhudza 

ma-ARV, zizindikiro 

zimene zili pa makhadi 

olandilira mankhwala 

ndi kumwa mankhwala 

mosadukizadukiza.. 

awiriawiri, 

ophunzirawa apeza 

njira zothetsera mavuto 

akumwa mankhwala 

modukizadukiza omwe 

angathe kuchitika. 

Kufotokoza kwa 

Mphunzitsi 

Zokambirana 

za M’magulu 

Akuluakulu 

Kuthandizana 

Anthu Awiriawiri 

Mfundo Zikuluzikulu 

60 Minutes 


• Matchati kapena kudzera pa makina a 

kompyuta 

• Chipangizo chotulutsa mawu ndi zithunzi 

(ngati akugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta) 

• Makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

• Mankhwala a ma-ARV 

• Bukhu la Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi 

• Makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

• Ziyelekezo (ikatha ntchito iyi) 

• Bukhu la Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi 

• Ma-ARV amagwira ntchito yoletsa kachirombo ka HIV kuti kasaswane m’thupi. 

• Munthu amamwa ma-ARV moyo wake onse. 

• Anthu amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV/EDZI afunika kumwa ma-ARV pa 

nthawi yomweyoyomweyo tsiku lililonse motsatira malangizo ake. 

• N’zovuta kumwa ma-ARV tsiku ndi tsiku kwa moyo wonse, koma ngati anthu 

amene ali ndi HIV/EDZI adukiza kumwa mankhwala, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo 

sagwiranso ntchito. 

• Ngati odwala amwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimachititsa 

kuti ma-ARV asamagwire bwino ntchito mthupi. 

Bukhu Lophunzitsira Alangizi Azaumoyo a M’mudzi a Bungwe la Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo: Chisindikizo Choyeserera

Ntchito 1 

Mankhwala a ma-ARV 

Kufotokoza kwa Mphunzitsi 

Zokambirana za M’magulu Akuluakulu 

Nthawi 




a Kufotokoza kuti mankhwala a ma-ARV amagwira ntchito yoletsa kachirombo 

ka HIV kuti kasapitirire kuswana m’thupi. 

b Kufotokoza nthawi yomwe ma-ARV ayenera kumwedwa, kangati pa tsiku, 

kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji komanso kuchuluka kwake. 

c Kudziwa mayina a ma-ARV ndi zizindikiro za mankhwalawa zomwe 

zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makhadi olandirira mankhwala. 

d Kufotokoza kuti ma-ARV amafunika kuwasunga pamalo ouma, osawala dzuwa, 

ozizirira komanso oti ana sangawafikire. 

Kukonzekera 

• Sonkhanitsani mankhwala a ma-ARV osiyanasiyana ndi moti muikemo 

mankhwalawa monga mabokosi kapena mbale. 

• Konzani malo osachepera asanu m’chipindamo kuti pamalo alionse pakhale 

anthu asanu kapena ochepera apa. Ikani mankhwala ndi makhadi olandirira 

mankhwala pa malo alionse. 

• 

• 

• 

Zipangizo Zofunikira 

Matchati kapena kudzera pa makina a kompyuta 

Chipangizo chotulutsa mawu ndi zithunzi (ngati akugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta) 

Makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

• Mankhwala a ma-ARV 

• 

Bukhu la Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi 

Bukhu Lophunzitsira Alangizi Azaumoyo a M’mudzi a Bungwe la Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo: Chisindikizo Choyeserera 137

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Ndondomeko 

Mankhwala a HIV ndi EDZI 

Uzani ophunzirawa kuti gawo lino likufotokoza nkhani za ma-ARV. 

Funsani ophunzira kuti: 

Kodi inu kapena wina amene mukumudziwa adamwapo mankhwala? 

» azimwedwa? 

» 

Kodi pali nthawi zake zenizeni zimene mankhwala ena ake a mafunika kuti 

Kodi pali malangizo alionse amene amafunika kutsatidwa pakumwa mankhwala ena? 

» Izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? 

(Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwira nthito m’matupi athu mosiyananso 

ndipo ndikofunika kuti ife tisinthe zochita zathu kuti mankhwalawo atithandize 

mokwanira.) 

3 Fotokozani kuti ma-ARV amaletsa HIV kuswana ndi kupha ma-CD4, omwe 

ndi ofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha m’thupi. HIV ikakaswana imafooketsa 

chitetezo cha m’thupi. Ngati munthu amwa ma-ARV moyenera komanso 

mosadumphitsadumphitsa, chitetezo cha m’thupi lake chimakhala champhamvu. 

Munthu akapezeka ndi kachirombo ka HIV, sikuti amayamba kumwa mankhwala 

a ma-ARV nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala kapena namwino pamodzi ndi wazaumoyo 

wa m’mudzi angaone nthawi yoti munthuyo ayambe kumwa mankhwala a ma- 

ARV malinga ndi nthazi lake. 

4 

Mutu 5 

Mankhwala a HIV ndi EDZI 

Partners In Health 

Zanmi Lasante 

Bo-Mphato Litsebeletsong tsa Bophelo 

Inshuti Mu Buzima 

Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo 

52 

Anthu amene apezeka ndi HIV amakakumana ndi dokotala kamodzi mwezi 

ulionse. Ngati sanayambe kumwa ma-ARV adokotala kapena anamwino 

amawayeza n’kuona ngati akufunikira kuyamba ma-ARV. Ngati akumwa ma- 

ARV dokotala amawayeza kuti aone ngati mankhwalawo akugwira nthito. 

Chitetezo cha m’thupi (CD4) chikachepera pa 250, dokotala kapena namwino 

amamuyambitsa munthuyo ma-ARV. (Nambalayi ikhonza kusintha mtsogolomu 

kufika 350.) 


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Fotokozani kuti pofuna kuletsa kachirombo ka HIV kuti kasaswane, wodwalayo 

ayenera kumwa mitundu itatu ya ma-ARV tsiku ndi tsiku. Tili ndi mwayi kuti 

ma-ARV ambiri amene tili nawo ku Malawi kuno, anaphatikizamo mitundu 

iwiri kapena itatu m’pilisi limodzi kuti munthu asamachite kumwa mapilisi 

ambirimbiri. Mapilisi amenewa amatchedwa amphamvu zingapo. 

Anthu amene ali ndi HIV akangoyamba kumwa mankhwala afunika kumwa 

mankhalawa nthawi yomweyomweyo tsiku lililonse moyo wawo wonse. Uku 

ndiko timati kumwa mankhwala kosadukiza. Ngati wodwala alekeza kumwa 

mankhwala kapena adumphitsadumphitsa kamwedwe kake, HIV imayamba 

kuswana ndi kupha ma-CD4. Ngati odwala ali ndi chizolowezi chomamwa 

ndi kulekeza kumwa ma-ARV, kachirombo ka HIV kamene kali m’thupi lawo 

kadzatha kulimbana ndi ma-ARV. Zikafika apa timati kachilomboko sikakumva 

mankhwala ndipo ndizoopsa kwambiri. Mankhwala a ma-ARV sadzathanso 

kugwira nthito yawo monga m’mene amayenera kuchitira. 

Fotokozani kuti amayi oyembekezera amene ali ndi HIV amathandzidwa 

mosiyana ndi anthu ena. Atha kuyambitsidwa kumwa ma-ARV pofuna kupewa 

kuti angapatsire kachirombo ka HIV mwana yemwe akuyembekezerayo. Amayi 

oyembekezera amene ali ndi HIV angafunike kupita ku chipatala kangapo pa 

mwezi m’malo mwa kamodzi. Wodwala akayamba kumwa ma-ARV dokotala 

kapena namwino amakumana ndi wazaumoyo wa m’mudzi pamodzi ndi 

wodwalayo n’kuwafotokozera mankhwala amene wodwalayo azimwa, nthawi 

yomwera ndiponso kuchuluka kwake. Zimenezi azidzilemba pa pepala kuti 

wodwalayo ndi wazaumoyo wa m’mudzi adzitha kukumbukila. 

8 Mu ntchito iyi ophunzirawa aphunzira nkhani zokhudza ma-ARV. Ayesetse 

kukumbukira zomwe aphunzirazi, komabe mfundozi ziliponso mu Bukhu la 

Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi (gawo 5 tsamba 113). 

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Gawani ophunzirawa m’magulu asanu powauza kuti aliyense azitchula 

manambala kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 — onse amene anatchula 1 akhale gulu 

limodzi, amene anatchula 2 akhalenso gulu lawo mpaka 5. (Yesetsani kuika 

munthu amene amatha kulemba ndi kuwerenga kapena wazaumoyo wa m’mudzi 

yemwe amadziwa bwino ntchito yake pa gulu lililonse.) 

Uzani ophunzirawa kuti pagulu lililonse pali makhadi olandirira mankhwala. 

(mtundu ulionse wa ARV uli ndi khadi lake) ndi mapilisi a ma-ARV. Awa 

ndi ma-ARV osiynasiyana amene akupezeka m’dziko muno. Apatseni 

ophunzirawa nthawi yokwanira kuti awaone makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

ndi kufunsa mafunso okhudza makhadiwo. Onetsetsani kuti akutha kuwerenga 

makhadiwa. Fotokozani kuti mu gawo 6, aphunzira mavuto amene amadza 

munthu akamamwa ma-ARV kotero kuti asadere nkhawa za zimenezi panopa. 

Onetsetsani kuti ophunzirawa akumvetsa zomwe zithunzi zomwe zili pa makhadi 

olandirira mankhwala zikuimira. 


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11 Sandutsani ntchitoyi kukhala sewero. Pamene mutchula maina a ma-ARVs, 

funsani ma gulu kuti a yang’ane ndi kukweza khadi yolodola ndi pirisi lake. 

Gulu loyamba kupeza khadi ndi pirisi mulipatse pointi, ndipo potsiriza 

mudzanena opambana. Gulu likapeza pirisi lolondola, funsani magulu enao ngati 

akuvomereza kapena ayi. Akapeza pirisi logwirizana ndi khadi lake, onetsani 

tchati tsopano lomwe liri ndi izi. 

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T 30 (Triomune) 

Pilisi limeneli anaphatikizamo Sitavudini (D4T) Lamivudini(3TC) ndi Nevirapini 

(NVP). Pilisi limeneli limatchedwa T30. Auzeni ophunzira kuti aone mtundu 

wake, kaonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pilisili. Nthawi zambiri wodwala amafunika 

kumwa pilisi limodzi kawiri pa tsiku: 6 koloko m’mawa ndi 6 koloko madzulo. 

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwanso pa milungu iwiri yoyamba kulandira 

mankhwala pa gulu la “ Mankhwala oyambira” pomwe wodwala amafunika 

kumwa pilisi limodzi m’mawa pa 6 koloko. 


T 30 (Triomune) 

Kuphatikiza mankhwala a Stavudine (d4T), Lamivudine (3TC), 

ndi Nevirapine (NVP) 

1 pilisi 

(T30-d4T 30mg, 

3TC-150 mg, 

NVP-200mg) 

1 pilisi 

(d4T-30 mg, 

3TC-150mg) 

Imwani kawiri patsiku: 

M’mawa – 6 koloko 

Madzulo – 6 koloko 

LS30 

Kuphatikiza mankhwala a d4T ndi 3TC 




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LS 30 

Mpilisi ili anaphatizamo Sitavudini (D4T) ndi Lamivudini (3TC). Kawirikawiri 

mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pa milungu iwiri yoyambirira kumwa mankhwala 

pa gulu la mankhwala oyambira, ndipo wodwalayo amamwa madzulo 6 koloko. 

Nthawi zina mankhalawa amaperekedwa kwa wodwala akadana ndi ena mwa 

mankhwala a gulu la T30. Zikatere dokotala amauza wodwalayo kuti adzimwa 

kawiri pa tsiku, 6 koloko m’mawa ndi 6 koloko madzulo ndipo kawiri kawiri 

amamupatsanso mankhwala ena otchedwa Efavirenzi. 


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Efavirenzi (Efavirenz—EFV) 

Auzeni ophunzira kuti aone kaonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pilisili. Kamwedwe 

kake: pilisi limodzi (600mg) kamodzi pa tsiku, madzulo 6 koloko. Wodwalayo 

ayenera kumwa asanadye kanthu kalikonse. 


Kombiviri kapena Duoviri (Comibivir or Duovir) 

Mpilisi ili muli zidovudini (AZT) ndi Lamivudini (3TC). Kawirikawiri 

mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa wodwala amene wadana ndi ena mwa 

mankhwala a mu T30. Auzeni ophunzira kuti aone mtundu, kukula ndi 

kaonekedwe ka pilisili. Kamwedwe kake ndi pilisi limodzi (350/150g) kawiri pa 

tsiku, 6 koloko m’mawa ndi 6 koloko madzulo. Kawirikawiri mankhwalawa 

amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi Nevirapini. 



1 pilisi 

(600 mg akulu 

akulu, 200 mg 

kwa ana) 

Imwani 

musanadye 

Imwani kamodzi patsiku: 


Kombiviri kapena Duoviri 

(Comibivir or Duovir) 

Kuphatikiza Zidovudine (AZT) ndi 3TC 

1 pilisi 

(3TC-150 mg, 

AZT-300 mg) 




Nevirapini (Nevirapine—NVP) 

1 pilisi 

(200 mg) 




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Aauzeni ophunzira kuti aone mtundu, kaonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pilisili. 

Kamwedwe kake pilisi limodzi kawiri patsiku, 6 koloko m’mawa ndi 6 koloko 

madzulo. 


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Lopinaviri/Ritonaviri (Lopinavir/Ritonavir--Lop/r) 

Auzeni ophunzira kuti aone mtundu, kaonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pilisili. Ku 

Malawi kuno wodwala amapatsidwa mankhwalawa ngati mankhwala a T30 kapena 

ena anamusinthila sakumuthandiza. Kamwedwe kake ndi kawiri patsiku, 6 koloko 

m’mawa ndi 6 koloko madzulo, koma adokotala ndi amene amanena kuti munthuyo 

adzimwa mapilisi angati. 


Tenofoviri (Tenofovir—TDF) 

Auzeni ophunzira kuti aone mtundu, kaonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pilisili. Ku 

Malawi kuno wodwala amalandira mankhwalawa ngati mankhwala a T30 

kapena ena amene anamusinthira sakumuthandiza. Kamwedwe kake: pilisi 

limodzi (300mg) kamodzi patsiku, 6 koloko m’mawa. 

Werengetserani mapoinsi ndikulengeza gulu limene lapambana. 


Lopinaviri/Ritonaviri 

(Lopinavir/Ritonavir–Lop/r) 

1 pilisi 

(Lopinavir 

200 mg, 

Ritonavir 50 mg) 





1 pilisi 

(300 mg Tenofovir 

Disoproxil 

Fumarate ) 


Disoproxil) 

1 pilisi 

(480 mg akulu 

akulu, kwa ana 

zimatengera 

zaka zawo) 




Bakitirimu (Bactrim) 




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Bakitirimu 

Fotokozani kuti anthu ambiri amene ali ndi HIV amafunikanso kumwa 

mankhwala ena otchedwa Bakitirimu. Mankhwala amenewa sali m’gulu la ma- 

ARV. Amenewa ndi mankhwala othandiza kulimbana ndi matenda ongopezerapo 

mwayi kamba ka HIV ndipo amagwira nthito yakupha mabakitiriya. 


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Mankhwala Oyambira 

Afotokozereni ophunzira kuti pali magulu osiyanasiyana a ma-ARV ndipo 

anawapangira anthu osiyanasiyana. Odwala ndi azaumoyo a m’mudzi ayenera 

kufunsa a dokotala kapena anamwino ngati sankumvetsa bwino za mankhwala 

amene alandira. Odwala ambiri amamwa mankhwala oyambira kwa milungu 

iwiri yoyamba. Odwala amene akumwa mankhwala oyambira amamwa pilisi 

limodzi la T30 m’mawa 6 koloko ndi pilisi la Ls30 madzulo 6 koloko. Thupi la 

wodwala limafunika kuzolowela mankhwala a Nevirapini mu T30. Pakatha 

milungu iwiri mankhwala a Nevirapini angawaonjezere m’kuyamba kumamwa 

T30 kawiri patsiku, 6 koloko m’mawa ndi 6 koloko madzulo. 

Asungeni kutali 

ndi ana 


“Mankhwala Oyambira” 

(Starter Pack) 

Imwani kwa milungu iwiri 

yoyambirira kumwa mankhwala. 

Imwani pilisi limodzi la T 30 

6 koloko m’mawa – 

T 30 = d4T 30mg, 3TC 150 mg, ndi 

NVP 200mg. 

Imwani pilisi limodzi la 

LS 6 koloko madzulo 

30 

150 mg Lamivudine, 30 mg Stavudine 

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Kusunga Mankhwala 

Nenani kuti ma-ARV afunika kusungidwa pamalo amodzi: pouma, posawalira 

dzuwa, pozizirira komanso posafikira ana. Afunseni ophunzirawa chifukwa chake 

kusunga mankhwala pamalo abwino kuli kofunika. 

Idyani chakudya 

chopatsa thanzi 


Kusunga Mankhwala 

Asungeni posafi ka 

dzuwa ndi kutentha 

Kukhala ndi Moyo Wathanzi 

Asungeni pouma 

Musamwe mowa Musasute fodya 

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Fotokozani kuti anthu amene ali ndi HIV/EDZI atha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi 

nthawi imene akumwa ma-ARV ngati apewa kusuta fodya, osamwa mowa, kudya 

zakudya zabwino nthawi zonse, kumayendayenda, kupuma nthawi yokwanira ndi 

kuchita nawo zochitikachitika zabwino zomwe anthu ena akuchita. 


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Gonanani Modziteteza Nthawi Zonse 


Kugonana Modziteteza 

Tsindikani kuti kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumakhudzanso makhalidwe omwe 

amateteza anthu ena kutenga kachirombo ka HIV. Tsindikani kuti anthu amene 

akumwa ma-ARV asagone ndi munthu popanda kudziteteza. 

Phindu la Mankhwala a ma-ARV ndi 



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Phindu la ma-ARV ndi Kukhala ndi Moyo Wathanzi 

Nenani kuti: Izi ndi zithunzi ziwiri za mayi wa ku Rwanda zina lake Solange. 

Monga momwe mukuoneramu, pa chithunzi choyambacho mayiyu ndi woonda, 

wofooka komanso wodwala. Pa chithunzi chinacho akuoneka wathanzi. Zithunzi 

zonsezi Solange anamujambula ali ndi HIV. Afunseni ophunzirawa kuti: 

» Kodi mukuganiza kuti mayiyu akuoneka mosiyana pa zithunzi ziwirizi chifukwa 

chiyani? 

(Chithunzi choyambacho anamujambla asanayambe kumwa ma-ARV.) 

Fotokozani kuti pa chithunzi choyambacho Solange anali asanayambe kumwa 

mankhwala. Fotokozaninso kuti ntchito yomwe azaumoyo a m’mudzi amagwira 

yothandiza odwala kuti adzimwa mankhwala, makamaka ma-ARV, ndiyofunika 

kwambiri. Anthu amene ali ndi HIV/EDZI amene akumwa ma-ARV ndipo 

akukhala mwansangala atha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi wautali. Azaumoyo 

a m’mudzi atha kuthandiza kuti izi zichitike. 

27 Onetsetsani kuti ophunzirawa azipeza mfundozi mu gawo 5 m’ Bukhu la 

Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi kuyambira tsamba 113. Auzeni kuti atha kugwiritsa 

ntchito bukhu lawoli mtsogolomu pofuna kuona zina ndi zina zomwe angafune 

kuti azidziwe 


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Ntchito 2 

Mavuto a Kusamwa Mankhwala Motsata Ndondomeko 

Kuthandizana Anthu Awiriawiri 

Nthawi 



e Kudziwa zizindikiro zoonetsa kuti odwala sakudumphitsa kumwa ma-ARV 

ndi kuti akuchita zinthu zothandiza kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso 

zizindikiro zoti odwalawo sakutsatira zimenezi. 

f Kusonyeza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makadi olandirira mankhwala. 

g Kufotokoza zimene timatanthauza tikati munthu akumwa mankhala 

mosadukiza ndi mavuto amene amakhalapo. 

Kukonzekera 

• Chitani fotokope mafunso kuti muthe kuwerenga mosachita kuvundukula 

masamba a bukhu. 

• 

• 

• 

Zipangizo Zofunikira 

Makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

Ziyezekezo (ikatha ntchito iyi) 

Bukhu la Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi 

Ndondomeko 

Uzani ophunzirawa kuti akhale awiriawiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti m’modzi mwa 

anthu awiri alionse amatha kulemba ndi kuwerenga. 

Auzeni ophunzirawa kuti atsekule Bukhu la Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi pamene 

pali makhadi olandirira mankhwala mu gawo 5 (tsamba 123). 

Fotokozani kuti ayeserera kugwiritsa ntchito makhadi olandirira mankhwala 

pomvetsera mafunso ndipo iwo achite zinthu zogwirizana ndi zomwe amvazo. 


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Werengani mafunso mokweza ndi kuwapatsa ophunzirawo mphindi ziwiri zoti 

akambirane awiriawiri. 

Akatha kukambirana funsolo uzani gulu limodzi kuti lifotokozere anzawo 

onse zomwe akambirana. Funsani ngati pali ena amene sakugwirizana ndi 

mayankho omwe anzawowo apereka. Fotokozerani ngati pali pena pamene 

sipanamveke bwino 

Pitirizani mpaka mumalize kukambirana mafunso onse. Onetsetsani kuti gulu 

lililonse mwalipatsa mpata wolankhulapo. 


koperani kapena dulani 


T30 (Triomune) 

Kuphatikiza mankhwala a Stavudine (d4T), Lamivudine (3TC), 

ndi Nevirapine (NVP) 

1 pilisi 

(T30-d4T 30mg, 

3TC-150 mg, 

NVP-200mg) 

1 pilisi 

(d4T-30 mg, 

3TC-150mg) 




LS 30 

Kuphatikiza mankhwala a d4T ndi 3TC 





148 



koperani kapena dulanii



Kombiviri kapena Duoviri 

(Comibivir or Duovir) 

Kuphatikiza Zidovudine (AZT) ndi 3TC 

1 pilisi 

(3TC-150 mg, 

AZT-300 mg) 





1 pilisi 

(600 mg akulu 

akulu, 200 mg 

kwa ana) 

Imwani 

musanadye 

Imwani kamodzi patsiku: 



150 







1 pilisi 

(200 mg) 




Lopinaviri/Ritonaviri 

(Lopinavir/Ritonavir—Lop/r) 

1 pilisi 

(Lopinavir 

200 mg, 

Ritonavir 50 mg) 





152 







1 pilisi 


Disoproxil 

Fumarate ) 


Disoproxil) 




“Mankhwala Oyambira” 

(Starter Pack) 

Imwani kwa milungu iwiri 

yoyambirira kumwa mankhwala. 

Imwani pilisi limodzi la T 30 

6 koloko m’mawa – 

T 30 = d4T 30mg, 3TC 150 mg, ndi 

NVP 200mg. 

Imwani pilisi limodzi la 

LS 30 6 koloko madzulo 

150 mg Lamivudine, 30 mg Stavudine 


154 





1 pilisi 

(480 mg akulu 

akulu, kwa ana 

zimatengera 

zaka zawo) 

Bakitirimu (Bactrim) 






156 




1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Mutu 5, Ntchito2: Ziyerekezo 


Ngati wodwala wanu ali pa mankhwala oyambira, kodi mankhwala a Ls30 azimwa 

nthawi yanji? 

(Madzulo 6 koloko.) 

Ngati wodwala wanu akumwa mankhala a T30, kodi azimwa nthawi yanji? 

(Kamodzi m’mawa ndi madzulo.) 

Wodwala wanu wina akumwa Kombiviri ndipo akufuna kudziwa kuti azimwa 

mapilisi angati patsiku, mumuuza kuti chiyani? 

(Awiri.) 

Muli ndi munthu wodwala amene akumwa Nevirapini. Kodi munthuyu azimwa 

mankhwalawa kangati patsiku ndiponso azimwa mapilisi angatiangati? 

(Pilisi limodzi kawiri pa tsiku.) 

Wodwala wanu wina akumwa Efavirenzi. Kodi azimwa mankhwalawa kangati pa 

tsiku? 

(Kamodzi.) 

Muli ndi munthu odwala amene akumwa Efavirenzi. Pamene inu mukufika 

kunyumba kwake m’mawa kukamuona akumwa mankhwalawa mwampeza akudya 

buledi. Kodi m’mene zakhalira zithumu pali vuto? 

(Inde. Mankhwalawa afunika kumwedwa munthu asanadye kanthu kalikonse.) 

Wodwala wanu wina wamwa mankhwala oyambira kwa masiku khumi. Kodi 

kwatsala masiku angati kuti amwebe mankwalawa? 

(Masiku 4) 

Muli ndi munthu wodwala amene amasuta fodya nthawi zonse. Kodi mufunika 

kuchitapo kanthu? Ngati mungatero, mungachite chiyani? 

(Kusuta fodya kumachititsa kuti mankhwala asamagwire bwino ntchito yake 

mokwanira. Wazaumoyo wa m’mudzi afunika ayankhule ndi wodwalayo 

ndikupemphanso namwino kuti ayankhule naye.) 

Muli ndi wodwala amene nthawi zina amamveka fungo la mowa mukamafika pa 

khomo pake. Kodi limeneli ndi vuto? Chifukwa chiyani? Mungachite chiyani pa vuto 

limeneli? 

(Inde, limeneli ndi vuto. Mowa umachititsa kuti mankhwala asamagwire bwino 

ntchito yake. Muyankhule naye wodwalayo komanso pemphani namwino kuti 

ayankhule naye.) 


158 


Zomwe Wazaumoyo wa M’mudzi 

Ayenera Kukumbukira 

Kukawatengera odwala mankhwala ku chipatala mwenzi ulionse. 

Kupita ndi wodwala kuchipatala mwezi uliwonse kukatenga mankhwala. 

Kuonetsetsa kuti odwala akusunga mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka, ouma, 

osawalira dzuwa komanso oti ana sangafikire 

Kuonetsetsa kuti odwala akulandira ma-ARV a mtundu woyenera. 

Kuonetsetsa kuti odwala akumwa ma-ARV awo moyenera. 

Kupenyetsetsa odwala kuti aone zizindikiro zoti sakutsatira makhalidwe 

abwino owathandiza kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi ndi kuwapatsa uphungu 

kapena kuwatumiza kuchipatala ngati nkofunika kutero. 


Zolembalemba 


160 

Zolembalemba

Mankhwala a HIV ndi EDZI - PIH Model Online - Partners in Health

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