Kabardian-Phonetics

References and Bibliography
Abitov (Abit’e), M. L. and Balkarov (Balhqer), B., Grammatika kabardino-cherkesskogo literaturnogo
yazika [Grammar of the Kabardino-Cherkess Literary Language], Moscow, 1957. [Includes
chapter on Kabardian phonetics]
Adigebze Grammatik: Fonetikemre Morfologiemre [Circassian Grammar: Phonetics and Morphology],
Nalchik, 1940.
Allen, W. S., ‘On One-Vowel Systems’, in Lingua, 13, 1965, pp 111-24.
Applebaum, A. and Gordon, M., ‘Intonation in Turkish Kabardian’, in International Conference of
Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS) XVI, Saarbrëcken, 6-10 August 2007, pp 1045-8. Online. Available
HTTP: (11 March 2009).
— ‘A Phonetic Comparison of Kabardian Spoken in the Caucasus and Diaspora’, paper presented at
Conference on the Languages of the Caucasus, Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute
for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 7-9 December 2007. Online. Abstract available HTTP:
(accessed 8 March 2009).
Ashkhamaf, D. A., Grammatika adigeiskogo yazika: Fonetika i Morfologiya, I [Grammar of the
Adigean Language: Phonetics and Morphology, I], Maikop, 1939.
Bagov (Bagh), P. M. et al, Grammatika kabardino-cherkesskogo literaturnogo yazika [Grammar of the
Kabardino-Cherkess Literary Language], Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
Balkarov, B. Kh., Fonetika adigskikh yazikov [Phonetics of the Circassian Languages], Nalchik, 1970.
Bersirov, B., Dawrov, Kh. and Shaov, A., Orfograficheski slovar adigeiskogo yazika [Orthographical
Dictionary of the Adigean Language], Maikop, 1994.
Borukaev (Boriqwey), T. M., Grammatika kabardino-cherkesskogo yazika [Grammar of the
Kabardino-Cherkess Language], Nalchik, 1932.
Catford, J. C., ‘The Kabardian Language’, in Le Maître Phonétique, London, 3-ème série, no. 78,
1942, pp 15-18.
— ‘Kabardian’, in The Third International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnic Sciences, Brussels,
1948: Tervuren, 1960, p43.
— ‘Vowel Systems of Caucasian Languages’, in H. I. Aronson (ed.), 1994.
— ‘Some Questions of N.W. Caucasian Phonetics and Phonology’, in A. S. Ozsöy (ed.), 1997.
— ‘The Circassian Orthography of Harun Batequ’, in A. S. Ozsöy (ed.), 1997, pp 20-36.
Choi, J. D., ‘Phonetic Evidence for a Three-vowel System in Kabardian’, in Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America, vol. 86, issue S1, p. S18, November 1989. [Abstract: The Kabardian vowel
system has been the focus of much debate. Central to this debate is whether or not the low vowel
is quantitatively distinct from the mid vowel . This study examines phonetic evidence that
bears on this issue. Spectrographic and durational analyses were conducted for 118 vowels taken
from a Kabardian text read twice, once slowly and once at a normal rate, by three adult male
speakers. Each vowel was measured for its first three formant frequencies and duration. The data
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