Sangguniang Manwal ng Guro para sa Lumang Tipan
Sangguniang Manwal ng Guro para sa Lumang Tipan
Sangguniang Manwal ng Guro para sa Lumang Tipan
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ISANG PAMBUNGAD SA LUMANG TIPAN<br />
Pambu<strong>ng</strong>ad<br />
Sabi ni Elder Boyd K. Packer <strong>sa</strong> mga guro <strong>ng</strong> Church Educational<br />
System:<br />
“May malaki<strong>ng</strong> halaga a<strong>ng</strong> paglalahad <strong>ng</strong> maikli <strong>ng</strong>unit mai<strong>ng</strong>at<br />
na isinaayos na buod <strong>ng</strong> buo<strong>ng</strong> kurso <strong>sa</strong> simula pa lama<strong>ng</strong>….<br />
“A<strong>ng</strong> ila<strong>ng</strong> panimula<strong>ng</strong> iyon, na ku<strong>ng</strong> tutuusin ay maikli<strong>ng</strong><br />
oras la<strong>ng</strong> a<strong>ng</strong> gugugulin, a<strong>ng</strong> nagigi<strong>ng</strong> daan upa<strong>ng</strong> malaman<br />
<strong>ng</strong> mga estudyante ku<strong>ng</strong> ha<strong>ng</strong>ga<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong>an na sila. Napapakiramdaman<br />
nila iyon. Mas matatandaan nila a<strong>ng</strong> pinag-aaralan<br />
kapag alam nila ku<strong>ng</strong> paano mapaglalapat na<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong>ma<strong>sa</strong>ma<br />
a<strong>ng</strong> bawat piraso, at lalo pa sila<strong>ng</strong> natututo. A<strong>ng</strong> buod<br />
a<strong>ng</strong> bumubuo bala<strong>ng</strong>kas at mas sulit a<strong>ng</strong> oras at pagsisikap<br />
na ginugol dito” (The Great Plan of Happiness [men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>sa</strong> mga<br />
tagapagturo <strong>ng</strong> relihiyon, 10 Agosto 1993], 2).<br />
Pag-ukulan <strong>ng</strong> panahon a<strong>ng</strong> pagbubuo at pagtuturo <strong>ng</strong> i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong><br />
pambu<strong>ng</strong>ad at buod <strong>sa</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>. Ipaunawa <strong>sa</strong> inyo<strong>ng</strong><br />
mga estudyante a<strong>ng</strong> kahalagahan <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> at a<strong>sa</strong>min<br />
a<strong>ng</strong> mga kuwento, katotohanan, at ideya<strong>ng</strong> mababa<strong>sa</strong> at<br />
matututuhan nila <strong>sa</strong> taon panuruan na ito. Patatagin a<strong>ng</strong> pagunawa<br />
ninyo at <strong>ng</strong> inyo<strong>ng</strong> mga estudyante tu<strong>ng</strong>kol <strong>sa</strong> banal<br />
na misyon ni Jesucristo.<br />
Ano a<strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>?<br />
A<strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> ay i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong> talaan <strong>ng</strong> mga pakikitu<strong>ng</strong>o <strong>ng</strong><br />
Diyos <strong>sa</strong> kanya<strong>ng</strong> mga anak mula <strong>sa</strong> Paglikha ha<strong>ng</strong>ga<strong>ng</strong> mga<br />
400 b.c. A<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong>lita<strong>ng</strong> isinalin bila<strong>ng</strong> tipan ay mai<strong>sa</strong><strong>sa</strong>lin din bila<strong>ng</strong><br />
kasunduan. A<strong>ng</strong> tipan [o kasunduan] ay i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong> espesyal<br />
na kaugnayan <strong>sa</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon na maaari<strong>ng</strong> pasukin <strong>ng</strong> i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong><br />
tao o grupo. A<strong>ng</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon a<strong>ng</strong> nagtatakda <strong>ng</strong> mga kundisyon<br />
<strong>para</strong> makamit a<strong>ng</strong> mga gantimpala (mga pagpapala, kaligta<strong>sa</strong>n,<br />
kadakilaan) at kaila<strong>ng</strong>a<strong>ng</strong> pagsisikap (pagsunod <strong>sa</strong><br />
mga patakaran at utos). A<strong>ng</strong> tipan ay natutupad kapag a<strong>ng</strong><br />
mga tao ay tumutupad <strong>sa</strong> kanila<strong>ng</strong> mga pa<strong>ng</strong>ako at nagtitiis<br />
ha<strong>ng</strong>ga<strong>ng</strong> wakas na<strong>ng</strong> may pananampalataya, at ibinibigay<br />
<strong>ng</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon a<strong>ng</strong> mga pagpapala <strong>sa</strong> mortalidad at a<strong>ng</strong> kaligta<strong>sa</strong>n<br />
at kadakilaan kapag nai<strong>sa</strong>katu<strong>para</strong>n na ito. A<strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong><br />
<strong>Tipan</strong> ay naglalaman <strong>ng</strong> mga tipan at doktrina<strong>ng</strong> ibinigay<br />
<strong>ng</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon <strong>sa</strong> kanya<strong>ng</strong> mga anak upa<strong>ng</strong> ihanda sila <strong>sa</strong><br />
una<strong>ng</strong> pagdati<strong>ng</strong> <strong>ng</strong> Mesiyas at turuan sila ku<strong>ng</strong> paano bumalik<br />
at mamuhay <strong>sa</strong> kanya<strong>ng</strong> pili<strong>ng</strong>.<br />
A<strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> ay i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong> binigya<strong>ng</strong>-inspirasyo<strong>ng</strong> tinig<br />
mula <strong>sa</strong> nakaraan na may mahahalaga<strong>ng</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>para</strong> <strong>sa</strong> panaho<strong>ng</strong><br />
ito. Naglalaman din ito <strong>ng</strong> mga ugat <strong>ng</strong> ka<strong>sa</strong>y<strong>sa</strong>yan<br />
at doktrina na pinagmulan <strong>ng</strong> lahat <strong>ng</strong> iba pa nati<strong>ng</strong> mga banal<br />
na kasulatan at naglalatag <strong>ng</strong> pundasyon <strong>para</strong> maunawaan<br />
natin ku<strong>ng</strong> sino tayo <strong>ng</strong>ayon at ano a<strong>ng</strong> ati<strong>ng</strong> pinaniniwalaan.<br />
Sa tulo<strong>ng</strong> <strong>ng</strong> makabago<strong>ng</strong> paghahayag mas tumpak nati<strong>ng</strong><br />
mauunawaan at mapahahalagahan a<strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>.<br />
8<br />
Bakit Ba Natin Dapat Pag-aralan a<strong>ng</strong><br />
Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>?<br />
Sabi ni Pa<strong>ng</strong>ulo<strong>ng</strong> Marion G. Romney, na noon ay Pa<strong>ng</strong>alawa<strong>ng</strong><br />
Tagapayo <strong>sa</strong> Una<strong>ng</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>uluhan:<br />
“A<strong>ng</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> a<strong>ng</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he ni Cristo at <strong>ng</strong><br />
kanya<strong>ng</strong> pagdati<strong>ng</strong> at pagbabayad-<strong>sa</strong>la…. Sa palagay ko wala<br />
na<strong>ng</strong> mas simple o mas malinaw at a<strong>ng</strong>kop na paliwanag tu<strong>ng</strong>kol<br />
<strong>sa</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> kay<strong>sa</strong> nakasulat <strong>sa</strong> [2 Nephi<br />
25–33]. Sa ti<strong>ng</strong>in ko ay kaila<strong>ng</strong>an <strong>ng</strong> sinuma<strong>ng</strong> gusto<strong>ng</strong> maunawaan<br />
at ituro a<strong>ng</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> a<strong>ng</strong> masusi at<br />
mapanala<strong>ng</strong>i<strong>ng</strong> pag-aaral <strong>ng</strong> mga kabanata<strong>ng</strong> ito. Sa mga kabanata<strong>ng</strong><br />
ito inihiwalay ni Nephi a<strong>ng</strong> mahalaga <strong>sa</strong> hindi mahalaga.<br />
Ipinaliwanag din niya ku<strong>ng</strong> paano nagi<strong>ng</strong> mahalaga a<strong>ng</strong><br />
mga turo<strong>ng</strong> ito <strong>sa</strong> atin na nabubuhay <strong>sa</strong> mga huli<strong>ng</strong> araw [ti<strong>ng</strong>nan<br />
<strong>sa</strong> 2 Nephi 25:23–26].<br />
”… A<strong>ng</strong> men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> ay men<strong>sa</strong>he <strong>ng</strong> kaligta<strong>sa</strong>n<br />
at <strong>ng</strong> mga utos na kaila<strong>ng</strong>an nati<strong>ng</strong> sundin upa<strong>ng</strong> makabahagi<br />
<strong>sa</strong> handog na kaligta<strong>sa</strong>n” (“The Mes<strong>sa</strong>ge of the Old<br />
Testament,” <strong>sa</strong> A Symposium on the Old Testament, 1979, 5–6).<br />
Binigya<strong>ng</strong>-diin <strong>ng</strong> mga sinauna at makabago<strong>ng</strong> propeta a<strong>ng</strong><br />
kahalagahan <strong>ng</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong> <strong>sa</strong> pagtulo<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong> mga tao na<br />
makilala a<strong>ng</strong> Diyos. Sumulat si Apostol Pablo kay Timoteo, na<br />
nag<strong>sa</strong><strong>sa</strong>bi<strong>ng</strong>, “At mula <strong>sa</strong> pagka<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong>gol ay iyo<strong>ng</strong> nalalaman<br />
a<strong>ng</strong> mga banal na kasulatan” (II Kay Timoteo 3:15). Na<strong>sa</strong> mga<br />
banal na kasulata<strong>ng</strong> hawak noon ni Timoteo a<strong>ng</strong> mga kasulata<strong>ng</strong><br />
na<strong>sa</strong> atin <strong>ng</strong>ayon <strong>sa</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>. Pansinin a<strong>ng</strong> sinabi<br />
ni Pablo tu<strong>ng</strong>kol <strong>sa</strong> mga banal na kasulata<strong>ng</strong> ito:<br />
• A<strong>ng</strong> mga ito ay “makapagpa[pa]duno<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong> [i<strong>sa</strong><strong>ng</strong> tao] <strong>sa</strong><br />
ikaliligtas” (2 Kay Timoteo 3:15).<br />
• A<strong>ng</strong> mga ito ay “kinasihan <strong>ng</strong> Diyos” (t. 16).<br />
• A<strong>ng</strong> mga ito ay “mapapakinaba<strong>ng</strong>an din naman <strong>sa</strong> pagtuturo,<br />
<strong>sa</strong> pag<strong>sa</strong>n<strong>sa</strong>la, <strong>sa</strong> pag<strong>sa</strong>way, <strong>sa</strong> ikatututo na na<strong>sa</strong> katuwiran”<br />
(t. 16).<br />
• Tinutulu<strong>ng</strong>an nito a<strong>ng</strong> mabubuti na magi<strong>ng</strong> <strong>sa</strong>kdal at “tinurua<strong>ng</strong><br />
lubos <strong>sa</strong> lahat <strong>ng</strong> mga gawa<strong>ng</strong> mabuti” (t. 17).<br />
Malaki<strong>ng</strong> bahagi <strong>ng</strong> Aklat ni Mormon a<strong>ng</strong> naglalaman <strong>ng</strong> mga<br />
banal na kasulatan at reperensya <strong>sa</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong> <strong>Tipan</strong>. Nagturo<br />
a<strong>ng</strong> propeta<strong>ng</strong> si Nephi <strong>ng</strong> marami<strong>ng</strong> katotohanan <strong>sa</strong> kanya<strong>ng</strong><br />
mga tao mula <strong>sa</strong> mga lamina<strong>ng</strong> tanso. A<strong>ng</strong> mga lamina<strong>ng</strong> ito<br />
ay naglalaman <strong>ng</strong> mga kasulata<strong>ng</strong> na<strong>sa</strong> atin <strong>ng</strong>ayon <strong>sa</strong> Luma<strong>ng</strong><br />
<strong>Tipan</strong>, kabila<strong>ng</strong> na a<strong>ng</strong> mga isinulat nina Moises at I<strong>sa</strong>ias.<br />
Ginamit daw niya a<strong>ng</strong> mga kasulata<strong>ng</strong> ito upa<strong>ng</strong>:<br />
• Tulu<strong>ng</strong>an sila<strong>ng</strong> malaman “a<strong>ng</strong> hi<strong>ng</strong>gil <strong>sa</strong> mga gawain <strong>ng</strong><br />
Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon <strong>sa</strong> iba<strong>ng</strong> lupain, <strong>sa</strong> mga tao noon” (1 Nephi<br />
19:22).<br />
• “Upa<strong>ng</strong> lubos sila<strong>ng</strong> mahikayat na maniwala <strong>sa</strong> Pa<strong>ng</strong>inoon<br />
nila<strong>ng</strong> Manunubos” (t. 23).
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