2005 全球環境永續指數(ESI)- 降低天然災害傷害指數分析與建議

摘 要AbstractKeywords:Environmental Sustainability Index(ESI)、Reducing HumanVulnerability、Average number of deaths permillion inhabitants from floods,tropical cyclones, and droughts(DISCAS)、Environmental Hazard ExposureIndex(DISEXP)Because of the importance of comparing the environmental sustainabilityin the global scale, World Economic Forum’s Global Leaders for Tomorrow(GLT), Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP) and Centerfor International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at ColumbiaUniversity initiated the research and issued the report of Pilot EnvironmentalSustainability Index (Pilot ESI) on the January of 2000, and then modified themeasure and ranking methods year by year. Comparing to 56 countries in thefirst year, there are 146 ones getting involved in 2005.The main purpose of ESI is to assess environments’ performances ofindividual country, and then to make the comparison within global society. Thehigher scores and better ranking, the more accessible to the environmentalsustainability. On the other hand, the lower ones, the more problems thecountries are facing. In the report of “2005 Environmental SustainabilityIndex,” North Korea, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Uzbekistan and Taiwan are those thecountries of worst scores and rankings. Among the index system, naturaldisaster related items are brought under the Component: “Reducing HumanVulnerability,” and in the Indicator of “Reducing Environment-Related NaturalDisastre Vulnerability.” There are two variables in this indicator, which are#44:”Average number of deaths permillion inhabitants from floods, tropicalcyclones, and droughts ( DISCAS ) ” and #45:” Environmental HazardExposure Index(DISEXP)” respectively.In the ESI-2005, the most serious scores of “Environmental HazardExposure Index,” which average is 0.59, is 2.04. Taiwan has the score 1.97, farfrom satisfied. However, the resources and evaluated items of this variable areunknown. Meanwhile, the output of the measure method, GIS analysis,connected the natural disasters to human vulnerability, undoubtedly highlyrelys on precise local information and professional capability of evaluation andanalysis. Therefore, this research is focused on identifying the source, itemsand measure methods, and then, focuses on the variables, provide concretesuggestions and strategies for future improvement.XI