GEOGRAFSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEMI V SLOVENIJI 2005–2006

ANALIZA GOSPODARSKEGA ZALEDJAV ARHEOLOGIJI KRAJINmag. Benjamin [tularIn{titut za arheologijo ZRC SAZUNovi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljanabstular@zrc-sazu.siGIS v Sloveniji 2005–2006, 199–210, Ljubljana 2006UDK: 902:659.2:004IZVLE^EKAnaliza gospodarskega zaledja v arheologiji krajinArheologija krajin obravnava prostor ne le kot ekonomsko ozadje ~lovekovega delovanja v prostoru, temve~kot entiteto, kakr{no ljudje zaznavajo in do`ivljajo. Kljub temu ostaja analiza gospodarskega zaledjakot {tudij obmo~ja, znotraj katerega je izkori{~anje naravnih virov ekonomsko upravi~eno, pomembno orodje.V prispevku smo primerjali nekatere algoritme za izra~unavanje prostora gospodarskega zaledja in jihprimerjali z meritvami na terenu. Odstopanja so od 20 do 200 odstotkov. Za izra~unavanje razdalj na malorazgibanih terenih (nakloni do 17 stopinj) predlagamo preprosto izra~unavanje dejanske razdalje. Na gorskihterenih (nakloni do 35 stopinj) je potrebno dejanske razdalje za naklone od 17 do 35 stopinj ute`evati(2 do 10 krat), upo{tevati razlike med vzponom in spustom ter postaviti pregrade. Problem hoje pre~no nastrmino ostaja nere{en. V prakti~nem primeru uporabe analize gospodarskega zaledja za zgodnji srednjivek smo pokazali razliko med idealnim stanjem, ki odra`a idealizirane predstave, in stanjem, ko izkori{-~anje polja ni ve~ smiselno. Ta meja, 6 do 7 minut, je znatno manj{a od teoreti~nih modelov.KLJU^NE BESEDEAlgoritmi stro{kovnih razdalj, geografski informacijski sistem, gospodarsko zaledje, gospodarsko zajetje, arheologija,zgodnji srednji vek, BledABSTRACTSite catchment analysis in landscape archaeologyLandscape archaeology perceives landscape not as mere economical background for human actions.Instead, the archaeological landscape is studied as an entity, as perceived and lived by past populations.Never the less, the site catchment analysis remains an important tool for studying the aforementioned economicalbackground. Some of the more common algorithms used in estimating travel time were comparedwith the data gained from experiments. At this we noted deviations between 20 and 100 percent. Thereforewe suggest that calculating the actual distance is based on the calculation for flat terrains (slopes less than17 degrees). This is best achieved using the isotropic algorithm based on the formula: a 2 +b 2 =c 2 (incorporatedwith ESRI ArcGIS software as the Path Distance module). On mountains terrains (slopes 17 to35 degrees) some sort of weighting (2 to 10) should be used and the differences in inclines and declines aswell as barriers should be taken into account. The problem of snake walking remains unsolved. The casestudy deals with the site catchment analysis of Early Medieval sites in the Bled region (Slovenia). It waspossible to point out the difference between the ideal and economical, i.e. perceived and actual site catchment.The fields in an ideal landscape are situated only a 4 or 5 minutes walk from the village. Anythingabove a 6 or 7 minute walk was rendered economically unacceptable; a new village was founded.KEYWORDSgeographical information system, site catchment analysis, archaeology, early middle ages, Bled199