evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
76evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvPvjy Kiv n‡q †M‡Q| msev` gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq, B‡Zvg‡a¨B GB wK¬wbK¸‡jvi Rb¨ 40,000 ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wbe©vPb ce© ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q| GB wK¬wbK¸‡jv MÖvgxY bvix‡K wbivc` cªm‡ei my‡hvM cÖ`vbKi‡Z cvi‡e AwaK nv‡i †h‡nZz G¸‡jv MÖv‡gi cvovq cvovq ¯’vwcZ n‡e|c~‡e© Øv‡i Øv‡i wM‡q MÖvgxY gwnjv‡`i‡K cwievi cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Rb¥wb‡ivaKmiÄvgvw` mieivn Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ GLb Zv Avi Kiv nq bv| MÖvgxY gwnjv‡`i‡K cÖv_wgKwPwKrmv †K‡›`ª G‡m GB miÄvgvw` msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| GB e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi mgq bxwZ wba©viKMYevsjv‡`‡ki mgvR Ges K…wó we‡ePbvq MÖnY K‡ibwb| KviY †`Lv †M‡Q, MZ K‡qK eQ‡iAvgv‡`i †`‡k Rb¥wb‡ivaK miÄvgvw`i weµx `vi“Yfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges RbmsL¨vI e„w׆c‡q‡Q `vi“Yfv‡e| PjwZ A_©eQ‡i A_©gš¿xi m‡½ cÖvK-ev‡RU Av‡jvPbvq GB mgm¨vwU D‡VG‡mwQj Ges `vex Kiv n‡qwQj cwievi cwiKíbv miÄvgvw` mieiv‡ni †‡Î c~‡e©i e¨e¯’vMÖnY Ki‡Z Ges GRb¨ eivÏ e„w× Ki‡Z| wKš‘ GB j‡¨ eivÏ jYxqfv‡e e„w× Kiv nqwb|RbmsL¨v e„wׇZ mvwe©Kfv‡e †`‡ki wZ n‡jI GB mgm¨v bvix‡KB †ewk wZMÖ¯— K‡i Zv‡`i¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K ‡_‡K, kªgevRv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki w`K ‡_‡K, GgbwK Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi w`K †_‡KI†h‡nZz eûgvZ…Z¡ A‡bK †‡Î bvixi †eu‡P _vKvi AwaKvi †K‡o †bq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jvwVKgZ KvR Ki‡j N‡i N‡i Rb¥wb‡ivaK miÄvgvw` mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GBwK¬wbK¸wj‡Z wb‡qvwRZ cywó Ges †nj_‡Kqvi mieivnKvix‡`i gva¨‡g N‡i N‡i Rb¥wb‡ivaKmiÄvgvw` mn‡RB †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv m¤¢e n‡e|evsjv‡`‡k cÖm~wZi ¯^v¯’¨ Ae¯’v Lvivc _vKvi †cQ‡b ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AcÖZzjZv GKwUcÖfvekvjx KviY n‡jI Gi cÖavb KviY n‡jv, gvZ…g„Zz¨ mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv nqwbmwVKfv‡e| †hgb, gvZ…g„Zÿ eûjvs‡kB wbf©i K‡i bvixi mvaviY ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Ges bviximvaviY ¯^v¯’¨ †h cyi“‡li PvB‡Z A‡bK Lvivc GB mZ¨wU Abyaveb K‡i RvZxq ev‡R‡U bviximvaviY ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AwZwi³ eivÏ ivLv Ri“wi wQj| wKš‘ GB mZ¨wU we‡ePbvq MÖnYKiv nqwb RvZxq ev‡RU cÖYq‡bi mgq| ZvB MZ wZb eQ‡ii ev‡RUxq c`‡c¸‡jv we‡k−lYKi‡j †`Lv hvq, c~‡e©i g‡ZvB †ewkifvM c`‡c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q bvixi †Kej cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡Kj¨ K‡i| mg‡qi AwZµg‡Y gvZ…g„Zz¨i mgm¨vi MwZcÖK…wZ Ges KviYI †h e`‡j‡Q - GBmZ¨wUI we‡ePbvq MÖnY Kiv nqwb RvZxq ev‡RU cÖYq‡bi mgq| †hgb, AvR bvixi kªgevRv‡icÖ‡e‡ki d‡j e„wËq SuywK gvZ…g„Zz¨i GKwU KviY n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q, hv c~‡e© wQj bv| ZvQvov †`Lv†M‡Q, GB mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y kªgevRvi n‡Z Aemi MÖn‡Yi eqm ch©š— †cuŠQv‡bvi A‡bK Av‡MBbvix‡K kªgevRvi †_‡K wb‡R‡K Zz‡j wb‡Z nq (Paul-Majumder 2003)| bvix‡Mvôx MZ K‡qKeQi a‡iB bvixi e„wËq ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK (occupational health hazard) mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖn‡Yi `vex K‡i Avm‡Q| wKš‘ MZ wZbwU A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U GB j‡¨†Kv‡bv c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb| cÖwZwU ev‡R‡UB mbvZbxfv‡e bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡KB cÖvavb¨†`Iqv n‡q‡Q|evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…g„Zz¨i GKwU eo KviY n‡jv evj¨ weevn Ges evj¨ gvZ…Z¡| UNICEF-GiState of the World’s Children 2009 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k 64 kZvsk bvixi weevn nq 18 ermi
cvj-gRyg`vi: †RÊvi ms‡e`bkxj RvZxq ev‡RU AR©‡bi c‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki AMÖMwZ 77eq‡m †cuŠQvi c~‡e©B, hw`I 1984 mv‡jB evsjv‡`k miKvi bvixi weev‡ni b~¨bZg eqm avh©K‡iwQj 18 ermi Ges cyi“‡li Rb¨ 21 ermi| evj¨ weevn †Kej evj¨ weev‡nB mxgve× _v‡Kbv| †`Lv ‡M‡Q, hv‡`i 18 eQ‡ii Av‡M we‡q nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ 60 kZvskB cÖ_g gv nq 19 eQieq‡m †cuŠQvi Av‡MB| UNICEF 2007 wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 19 eQ‡ii Av‡M hviv cÖ_g gv nq Zv‡`ig„Zz¨ nvi 20-24 ermi eq‡m hviv cÖ_g gv nq Zv‡`i g„Zz¨ nv‡ii PvB‡Z cuvP¸Y †ewk| A_Pevj¨ weevn Ges evj¨gvZ„Z¡ †iva Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Kvh©Ki ev‡RUxq c`‡c MªnY Kiv nqwb|g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q, bvixi Rb¨ wkvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv Ges `vwi`ª¨ Ae¯’vi DbœwZ n‡jB evj¨weevn eÜ n‡e| ZvB bvixi Rb¨ wkv my‡hvM m„wó Kivi Rb¨B MZ K‡qK eQ‡ii ev‡R‡Uc`‡c MªnY Kiv n‡qwQj| QvÎx‡`i‡K Dce„wË cÖ`vb K‡i `vwi`ª¨ Ae¯’vi DbœwZ Kivi cÖqvm†bIqv n‡q‡Q ev‡R‡U| wKš‘ evj¨ weev‡ni Rb¨ †h bvixi wbivcËvnxbZv GKwU eo KviY GBmZ¨wU Abyaveb Kiv nqwb ev‡RU cÖYqb Kivi mgq| ZvB bvixi wbivcËv weav‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bvev‡RUxq c`‡c MªnY Kiv nqwb|†hŠZzK cÖ_vI evj¨ weev‡ni GKwU KviY| GB cÖ_v †iva Kivi Rb¨ †hŠZzK we‡ivax AvBbcÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB AvBb Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb|bvixi wbæ wkv ¯—iI evj¨ weevn Ges evj¨ gvZv nIqvi Rb¨ kw³kvjx `vqx Drcv`K| AvRI7 erm‡ivaª© †gvU bvix Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq A‡a©KB ¯^vinxb| †`Lv †M‡Q, †h †g‡qiv 19 ermieq‡m †cŠuQvi c~‡e© Mf©eZx n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡a©‡KiB †Kv‡bv wkv †bB (UNICEF GiState of the World’s Children 2009)| `vwi`ª¨I gvZ…g„Zz¨i GKwU eo KviY| bvbv ivóxqc`‡‡ci Kvi‡Y `vwi`ª¨ Ae¯’vi wKQy DbœwZ n‡jI GLbI `vwi`ª¨ we¯—„Z Ges Mfxi| gvZ…g„Zÿ iGB KviY¸‡jv we‡ePbvq MÖnY K‡i ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb|bvixi wei“‡× mš¿vm Ges bvix wbhv©Zb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Kvh©Ki ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Ki‡Zn‡ebvixi wei“‡× mš¿vm Ges bvix wbhv©Zb evsjv‡`‡ki bvixi GKwU we¯Z…Z GKK mgm¨v| GBmgm¨v bvixi gvbwmK Ges kvixwiK Dfq ¯^v¯’¨B `vi“b †bwZevPKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| GBmgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ bvix eûw`b a‡iB `vex K‡i AvmwQj| GB j‡¨ bvixi Dci mš¿vm`g‡bi Rb¨ AvBb cÖYqb QvovI `yÕGKwU c`‡c MªnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q XvKv GesAb¨vb¨ AvÂwjK †nW †KvqvU©v‡i One Stop Crisis Centre ¯’vcb Ges GB m‡½ Hot LineSystem-Gi ms‡hvM| GwmW `» gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU Safety net cÖKí MªnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘GB c`‡c¸‡jv ‡h bvixi Dci mwnsmZv e‡Üi e¨vcv‡i f~wgKv ivL‡e mvgvb¨B, Zv ¯úó n‡qD‡V‡Q B`vbxs bvixi Dci mwnsmZvi NUbv¸‡jv Abyaveb Ki‡j| AvR ÒBf wUwRsÓ GKwURvZxq mgm¨v n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| GB mwnsmZv †iva Kivi Rb¨ Ri“wi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv cÖkvmb‡Kkw³kvjx Kiv, we‡kl K‡i cywjk wefvM‡K kw³kvjx Kiv| wKš‘ G e¨vcv‡i mvgvb¨B ev‡RUxqc`‡c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ gvbbxq A_©gš¿x mvaviYfv‡e cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi ¸i“Z¡Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb PjwZ A_©eQ‡ii ev‡RU e³„Zvq Ges †ekwKQy ms¯‹vi c`‡‡ci K_vI D‡j−LK‡i‡Qb| GB ms¯‹vi c`‡c¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z †ewk bvixevÜe c`‡cwU n‡”Q Òwkívqb
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76<strong>evsjv‡`k</strong> <strong>Dbœq</strong>b mgxvPvjy Kiv n‡q †M‡Q| msev` gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq, B‡Zvg‡a¨B GB wK¬wbK¸‡jvi Rb¨ 40,000 ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wbe©vPb ce© ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q| GB wK¬wbK¸‡jv MÖvgxY bvix‡K wbivc` cªm‡ei my‡hvM cÖ`vbKi‡Z cvi‡e AwaK nv‡i †h‡nZz G¸‡jv MÖv‡gi cvovq cvovq ¯’vwcZ n‡e|c~‡e© Øv‡i Øv‡i wM‡q MÖvgxY gwnjv‡`i‡K cwievi cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Rb¥wb‡ivaKmiÄvgvw` mieivn Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ GLb Zv Avi Kiv nq bv| MÖvgxY gwnjv‡`i‡K cÖv_wgKwPwKrmv †K‡›`ª G‡m GB miÄvgvw` msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| GB e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi mgq bxwZ wba©viKMYevsjv‡`‡ki mgvR Ges K…wó we‡ePbvq MÖnY K‡ibwb| KviY †`Lv †M‡Q, MZ K‡qK eQ‡iAvgv‡`i †`‡k Rb¥wb‡ivaK miÄvgvw`i weµx `vi“Yfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges RbmsL¨vI e„w׆c‡q‡Q `vi“Yfv‡e| PjwZ A_©eQ‡i A_©gš¿xi m‡½ cÖvK-ev‡RU Av‡jvPbvq GB mgm¨vwU D‡VG‡mwQj Ges `vex Kiv n‡qwQj cwievi cwiKíbv miÄvgvw` mieiv‡ni †‡Î c~‡e©i e¨e¯’vMÖnY Ki‡Z Ges GRb¨ eivÏ e„w× Ki‡Z| wKš‘ GB j‡¨ eivÏ jYxqfv‡e e„w× Kiv nqwb|RbmsL¨v e„wׇZ mvwe©Kfv‡e †`‡ki wZ n‡jI GB mgm¨v bvix‡KB †ewk wZMÖ¯— K‡i Zv‡`i¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K ‡_‡K, kªgevRv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki w`K ‡_‡K, GgbwK Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi w`K †_‡KI†h‡nZz eûgvZ…Z¡ A‡bK †‡Î bvixi †eu‡P _vKvi AwaKvi †K‡o †bq| KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jvwVKgZ KvR Ki‡j N‡i N‡i Rb¥wb‡ivaK miÄvgvw` mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GBwK¬wbK¸wj‡Z wb‡qvwRZ cywó Ges †nj_‡Kqvi mieivnKvix‡`i gva¨‡g N‡i N‡i Rb¥wb‡ivaKmiÄvgvw` mn‡RB †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv m¤¢e n‡e|evsjv‡`‡k cÖm~wZi ¯^v¯’¨ Ae¯’v Lvivc _vKvi †cQ‡b ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AcÖZzjZv GKwUcÖfvekvjx KviY n‡jI Gi cÖavb KviY n‡jv, gvZ…g„Zz¨ mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv nqwbmwVKfv‡e| †hgb, gvZ…g„Zÿ eûjvs‡kB wbf©i K‡i bvixi mvaviY ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Ges bviximvaviY ¯^v¯’¨ †h cyi“‡li PvB‡Z A‡bK Lvivc GB mZ¨wU Abyaveb K‡i RvZxq ev‡R‡U bviximvaviY ¯^v¯’¨ <strong>Dbœq</strong>‡bi Rb¨ AwZwi³ eivÏ ivLv Ri“wi wQj| wKš‘ GB mZ¨wU we‡ePbvq MÖnYKiv nqwb RvZxq ev‡RU cÖYq‡bi mgq| ZvB MZ wZb eQ‡ii ev‡RUxq c`‡c¸‡jv we‡k−lYKi‡j †`Lv hvq, c~‡e©i g‡ZvB †ewkifvM c`‡c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q bvixi †Kej cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡Kj¨ K‡i| mg‡qi AwZµg‡Y gvZ…g„Zz¨i mgm¨vi MwZcÖK…wZ Ges KviYI †h e`‡j‡Q - GBmZ¨wUI we‡ePbvq MÖnY Kiv nqwb RvZxq ev‡RU cÖYq‡bi mgq| †hgb, AvR bvixi kªgevRv‡icÖ‡e‡ki d‡j e„wËq SuywK gvZ…g„Zz¨i GKwU KviY n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q, hv c~‡e© wQj bv| ZvQvov †`Lv†M‡Q, GB mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y kªgevRvi n‡Z Aemi MÖn‡Yi eqm ch©š— †cuŠQv‡bvi A‡bK Av‡MBbvix‡K kªgevRvi †_‡K wb‡R‡K Zz‡j wb‡Z nq (Paul-Majumder 2003)| bvix‡Mvôx MZ K‡qKeQi a‡iB bvixi e„wËq ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK (occupational health hazard) mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖn‡Yi `vex K‡i Avm‡Q| wKš‘ MZ wZbwU A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U GB j‡¨†Kv‡bv c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb| cÖwZwU ev‡R‡UB mbvZbxfv‡e bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡KB cÖvavb¨†`Iqv n‡q‡Q|evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…g„Zz¨i GKwU eo KviY n‡jv evj¨ weevn Ges evj¨ gvZ…Z¡| UNICEF-GiState of the World’s Children 2009 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k 64 kZvsk bvixi weevn nq 18 ermi