evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
62evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvMÖnY Kiv nqwb| AvR‡Ki wek¦vwqZ RM‡Z bvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Ri“wicÖ‡qvRb n‡jv Z_¨ fvÊv‡i bvixi cÖ‡ek kw³ e„w× Kiv| MZ K‡qKwU A_©eQ‡ii RvZxq ev‡R‡UM„nxZ Kw¤úDUvi Ges Kw¤úDUvi mvgMÖxi Dci k~b¨ ïé e¨e¯’vwU bvixi Z_¨ fvÊv‡i cÖ‡e‡kic_ myMg K‡i‡Q| †Kbbv k~b¨ ï‡éi Kvi‡Y Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖvc¨Zv myjf n‡q‡Q hv bvixiKw¤úDUvi e¨envi e„w× K‡i Zv‡`i Z_¨ m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ek Kiv‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i‡Q| Z‡e bvixiivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi Rb¨ AwZ Ri“wi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv bvixi m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ek kw³ e„w× Kiv|wcZvgvZvi m¤úwˇZ cyÎ Kb¨vi mgvb AwaKvi cªwZôvi gva¨‡g bvixi GB kw³ e„w× Ki‡jbvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡b mePvB‡Z †ewk Ae`vb ivL‡e| †Kbbv GB DËivwaKv‡ii kw³‡ZBbvix GKwU wbe©vPbx GjvKv‡Z Zvi AvwgZ¡ (belongingness) djv‡Z cv‡i| wbe©vPbx GjvKv‡Zbvixi belongingness-Gi Afve bvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi c‡_ GKwU we‡kl Aš—ivq| bvbvtax incentive †`Iqvi gva¨‡g Kb¨v‡K wcZvgvZvi m¤úwˇZ mgvb AwaKvi †`Iqv m¤¢e| wKš‘MZ 10 eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U †m ai‡bi †Kv‡bv tax incentive †`Iqv nqwb|¯^vaxbfv‡e PjvP‡ji kw³ ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi GKwU we‡kl kZ©| ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡gbvix‡K GB kw³i †RvMvb †`Iqv m¤¢e| †hgb, bvixi PjvP‡ji wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨cÖkvmb †‡Îi Rb¨ AwZwi³ ivR¯^ eivÏ ivLv hvq; bvix‡K cwienY myweav w`‡Z DrmvwnZKivi Rb¨ cwienY e¨emvqx‡`i Ki-Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv hvq BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ MZ 10 eQ‡iiev‡R‡U GB ai‡bi †Kv‡bv c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb|†KejgvÎ Safety net cÖKí wKsev z`ª FY wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z bvixi Dbœqb mxgve× bv ‡i‡Le„nËi bvix mgv‡Ri Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY mnvqK ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kivi `vexbvix‡Mvôxi `vex wQj †KejgvÎ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx (Safety net) fy³ cÖKí wKsevz`ªF‡Yi g‡Zv Kg©m~wP‡Z bvix Dbœqb mxgve× bv †i‡L e„nËi bvix mgv‡Ri Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡ÊAsk MÖnY mnvqK ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kivi Rb¨| GB `vexi cÖwZ AwZ mvgvb¨B ¸i“Z¡Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q RvZxq ev‡R‡U| cÖwZ ev‡R‡UB bvixi Rb¨ z`ª FY wfwËK cÖKí MÖnY Kivn‡q‡Q Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv ewa© ©Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| PjwZ A_©eQ‡ii ev‡RUe³„ZvqI gvbbxq A_©gš¿x †RÛvi welqwU D‡j−L Kivi mgq †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb bvixi wnm¨v cÖ`v‡biRb¨ h_vh_ †Póv K‡i‡Qb Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv e„w× K‡i‡Qb| PjwZ ev‡R‡Uwe`¨gvb Safety net cªKí¸‡jv n‡Z DcKvi cÖv߇`i msL¨v e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cªKí¸‡jvigva¨‡g cÖ`Ë fvZvi cwigvYI e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov †ekwKQy bZyb Safety net cªKí MÖnYKiv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv e„w× Kiv cÖksmbxq| wKš‘ GB †‡Î CharitywelqwUB †ewk cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| bvixi Dbœqb‡K GB †‡Î mxgve× ivLvi Kvi‡Y bvixi gZvqbA_ev bvixi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb m¤¢vebvi ùziY n‡q‡Q AwZ mxwgZfv‡e| †Kbbv Kj¨vYagx© cÖK‡íiKvh©µ‡gi KvD‡K gZvwqZ Kivi kw³ AZ¨š— mxwgZ, †h‡nZz Kj¨vYgyLx Kg©KvÊ KLbBjvfg~Lx (profit-oriented) n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi jvfgyLx Kg©KvÊ Qvov KvD‡K h‡_ófv‡egZvwqZ Kiv hvq bv| †`Lv †M‡Q, Safety net cÖKí¸‡jv D”PjvfgyLx †Zv bqB m¤¢vebvgqIbq| GB cÖKí¸‡jv gwnjv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i mbvZbx Kg©Kv‡Ê mxgve× †i‡L‡Q| d‡j bvixi g‡a¨
cvj-gRyg`vi: †RÊvi ms‡e`bkxj RvZxq ev‡RU AR©‡bi c‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki AMÖMwZ 63we`¨gvb D¢vebx kw³ Ges m„RbkxjZv ù~wiZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb z`ªFY| A_P RvZxq ev‡RU†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z n‡j bvix cyi“‡li g‡a¨ we`¨gvb D¢vebx kw³ Ges m„RbkxjZv ù~wiZKivi Rb¨ h‡_ófv‡e ev‡RUxq c`‡c _vK‡Z n‡e|A_© m¤ú`, Z_¨ m¤ú`, ¯’vei m¤ú`, gvbe m¤ú` BZ¨vw` hv GKRb e¨w³i gZvq‡biRb¨ Ri“wi Drcv`K Zvi cÖwZwU‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq cÖwZwU bvixi cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡ii mxgve×Zvi‡q‡Q| A_P AvR bvix‡`i g‡a¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q GK D‡`¨v³v‡Mvôx hv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q GK weivUm¤¢vebv Ges m„RbkxjZv| wKš‘ GB bvix†Mvôx Zv‡`i GB m¤¢vebv Ges m„RbkxjZv‡K Kv‡RjvMv‡Z cvi‡Q bv bvbv ai‡bi m¤ú‡`i Afv‡e| ZvB †Kej `wi`ª bvixivB my‡qvM myweav ewÂZbq, mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU ¯—†ii bvixB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv myweav ewÂZ| m¤ú‡` bvixi cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡iimxgve×Zvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb ag©xq DËivwaKvi AvBb| ivóª GLbI ch©š— †Kv‡bvDËivwaKvi AvBb ˆZwi K‡iwb| hvi d‡j ag©xq AvB‡bB evsjv‡`‡k DËivwaKvi wbשvwiZ nq|gymwjg AvB‡b GKRb wcZvi cyi“l mš—vb Zvi m¤úwËi hZ Ask cv‡e Zvi bvix mš—vb cv‡e†mB As‡ki A‡a©K| gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôx †gvU evsjv‡`kx Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq 90 kZvsk Ry‡o Av‡Q|wØZxq e„nËg Rb‡Mvôx n‡jv wn›`y ag©vej¤^xMY| wn›`y‡`i agx©q AvBb Abyhvqx bvix mš—vbMYwcZvi m¤úwËi GK KvbvKwoiI Askx`vi bq| GB ai‡bi ˆelg¨g~jK DËivwaKvi AvB‡biKvi‡Y f~wg m¤c‡` (Rwg, evwo ebm¤ú`, cyKzi, `xwN, Rjvkq) bvixi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Ges wbqš¿YAwZ mxwgZ n‡q‡Q| f‚wg m¤ú‡` AwZ mxwgZ wbqš¿‡Yi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ m¤c‡`I bvixicÖ‡ekvwaKvi AwZ mxwgZ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †h‡nZz Ab¨ m¤c‡`, †hgb K…wl FY, M„n FY, wkí FYBZ¨vw` AvniY Ki‡Z n‡j collateral cÖ`vb Ri“wi †m‡nZz f~wg m¤c‡` gvwjKvbv bv _vKviKvi‡Y bvixiv collateral cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mg_© nq bv|ev‡RU †NvlYvi mgq gvbbxq A_©gš¿x †Kej Dbœqb ev‡R‡Ui †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv m¤^‡Üe‡jb| A_P Dbœqb ev‡RU †gvU ev‡R‡Ui GK Z„ZxqvskI Kfvi K‡i bv| evwK Ask ivR¯^ev‡RU| ivR¯^ ev‡R‡Ui GKwU we‡kl Dcv`vb n‡”Q Ki bxwZ I ïé bxwZ| bvixi gZvq‡b GB`yB bxwZi we‡kl Ae`vb i‡q‡Q †h‡nZy GB `yB bxwZi gva¨‡g m¤ú`nxb bvixi w`‡K m¤ú`cÖevwnZ Kiv hvq| †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ev‡RU AR©‡bi Rb¨I GB `yB bxwZ Acwinvh© welq|wKš‘ †NvwlZ ev‡R‡U GB welqwU we‡ePbvq MÖnY Kiv nqwb| †Kej bvix D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ e¨emvcÖwZôv‡bi †iwR‡÷ªkb wd Kgv‡b †h‡Zv| †Kej bvixi bv‡g evwo †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi kZ© Ry‡o w`‡q†iwR‡÷ªkb wd A‡a©K Ki‡j AwZ mn‡RB bvixi w`‡K m¤ú` cÖevwnZ n‡Zv| A_P RvZxq bxwZAbymiY K‡i GB ai‡bi ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e wQj| †Kbbv evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨wbimb †KŠkjc‡Î (PRSP) bvix D‡`¨v³v Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ mycvwik¸‡jv wQj:1) DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß m¤úwË Ges wb‡Ri AwR©Z m¤úwˇZ bvix I cyi“‡li mgvbAwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ DËivwaKvi AvB‡bi ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e;2) Lvm Ges Pi Rwg‡Z bvixi cÖ‡ek wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ AvBb ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Geswe`¨gvb AvBb Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e;
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62<strong>evsjv‡`k</strong> <strong>Dbœq</strong>b mgxvMÖnY Kiv nqwb| AvR‡Ki wek¦vwqZ RM‡Z bvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Ri“wicÖ‡qvRb n‡jv Z_¨ fvÊv‡i bvixi cÖ‡ek kw³ e„w× Kiv| MZ K‡qKwU A_©eQ‡ii RvZxq ev‡R‡UM„nxZ Kw¤úDUvi Ges Kw¤úDUvi mvgMÖxi Dci k~b¨ ïé e¨e¯’vwU bvixi Z_¨ fvÊv‡i cÖ‡e‡kic_ myMg K‡i‡Q| †Kbbv k~b¨ ï‡éi Kvi‡Y Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖvc¨Zv myjf n‡q‡Q hv bvixiKw¤úDUvi e¨envi e„w× K‡i Zv‡`i Z_¨ m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ek Kiv‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i‡Q| Z‡e bvixiivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi Rb¨ AwZ Ri“wi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv bvixi m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ek kw³ e„w× Kiv|wcZvgvZvi m¤úwˇZ cyÎ Kb¨vi mgvb AwaKvi cªwZôvi gva¨‡g bvixi GB kw³ e„w× Ki‡jbvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡b mePvB‡Z †ewk Ae`vb ivL‡e| †Kbbv GB DËivwaKv‡ii kw³‡ZBbvix GKwU wbe©vPbx GjvKv‡Z Zvi AvwgZ¡ (belongingness) djv‡Z cv‡i| wbe©vPbx GjvKv‡Zbvixi belongingness-Gi Afve bvixi ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi c‡_ GKwU we‡kl Aš—ivq| bvbvtax incentive †`Iqvi gva¨‡g Kb¨v‡K wcZvgvZvi m¤úwˇZ mgvb AwaKvi †`Iqv m¤¢e| wKš‘MZ 10 eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U †m ai‡bi †Kv‡bv tax incentive †`Iqv nqwb|¯^vaxbfv‡e PjvP‡ji kw³ ivR‰bwZK gZvq‡bi GKwU we‡kl kZ©| ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡gbvix‡K GB kw³i †RvMvb †`Iqv m¤¢e| †hgb, bvixi PjvP‡ji wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨cÖkvmb †‡Îi Rb¨ AwZwi³ ivR¯^ eivÏ ivLv hvq; bvix‡K cwienY myweav w`‡Z DrmvwnZKivi Rb¨ cwienY e¨emvqx‡`i Ki-Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv hvq BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ MZ 10 eQ‡iiev‡R‡U GB ai‡bi †Kv‡bv c`‡c MÖnY Kiv nqwb|†KejgvÎ Safety net cÖKí wKsev z`ª FY wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z bvixi <strong>Dbœq</strong>b mxgve× bv ‡i‡Le„nËi bvix mgv‡Ri <strong>Dbœq</strong>b Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY mnvqK ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kivi `vexbvix‡Mvôxi `vex wQj †KejgvÎ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx (Safety net) fy³ cÖKí wKsevz`ªF‡Yi g‡Zv Kg©m~wP‡Z bvix <strong>Dbœq</strong>b mxgve× bv †i‡L e„nËi bvix mgv‡Ri <strong>Dbœq</strong>b Kg©Kv‡ÊAsk MÖnY mnvqK ev‡RUxq c`‡c MÖnY Kivi Rb¨| GB `vexi cÖwZ AwZ mvgvb¨B ¸i“Z¡Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q RvZxq ev‡R‡U| cÖwZ ev‡R‡UB bvixi Rb¨ z`ª FY wfwËK cÖKí MÖnY Kivn‡q‡Q Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv ewa© ©Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| PjwZ A_©eQ‡ii ev‡RUe³„ZvqI gvbbxq A_©gš¿x †RÛvi welqwU D‡j−L Kivi mgq †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb bvixi wnm¨v cÖ`v‡biRb¨ h_vh_ †Póv K‡i‡Qb Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv e„w× K‡i‡Qb| PjwZ ev‡R‡Uwe`¨gvb Safety net cªKí¸‡jv n‡Z DcKvi cÖv߇`i msL¨v e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cªKí¸‡jvigva¨‡g cÖ`Ë fvZvi cwigvYI e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov †ekwKQy bZyb Safety net cªKí MÖnYKiv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZv e„w× Kiv cÖksmbxq| wKš‘ GB †‡Î CharitywelqwUB †ewk cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| bvixi <strong>Dbœq</strong>b‡K GB †‡Î mxgve× ivLvi Kvi‡Y bvixi gZvqbA_ev bvixi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb m¤¢vebvi ùziY n‡q‡Q AwZ mxwgZfv‡e| †Kbbv Kj¨vYagx© cÖK‡íiKvh©µ‡gi KvD‡K gZvwqZ Kivi kw³ AZ¨š— mxwgZ, †h‡nZz Kj¨vYgyLx Kg©KvÊ KLbBjvfg~Lx (profit-oriented) n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi jvfgyLx Kg©KvÊ Qvov KvD‡K h‡_ófv‡egZvwqZ Kiv hvq bv| †`Lv †M‡Q, Safety net cÖKí¸‡jv D”PjvfgyLx †Zv bqB m¤¢vebvgqIbq| GB cÖKí¸‡jv gwnjv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i mbvZbx Kg©Kv‡Ê mxgve× †i‡L‡Q| d‡j bvixi g‡a¨
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