evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS

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188evsjv‡k Dbœqb mgxvUvKv (gv_vwcQy cÖvq cvuP nvRvi wnmv‡e)| ZvQvov e„nr z`ªFY-ms¯’v¸wji nv‡Z †h wekvj cyuwR(cÖvq †ò jvL †KvwU UvKv) mwÂZ n‡q‡Q, GB e„nr ms¯’v¸‡jv‡K ivóªvqË Kiv n‡j, †mB cyuwRBMÖvgxY K…wl-wkí-†mev I AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ges MÖvgxY wkv I ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š—cÖ‡qvRbxq cyuwRi me‡P‡q eo Drm n‡Z cv‡i| AwZ ¯^í my‡` GB cyuwRi eÈbfvi ¯’vbxqmiKv‡ii Dci b¨¯— Kiv hvq| †Kv‡bv AÂ‡j †Kv‡bv ¯’vbxq miKvi Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Agn‡j ev `ybx©wZi Avkªq wb‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wbe©vPb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cy‡iv MÖvg ev AÂj Zv‡ìwei“‡× eë¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡e| MÖvgxY `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv weKí †bB (wek¦BwZnv‡m †lvok kZ‡K ivYx GwjRv‡e‡_i mgq Bsj¨v‡Û cÖewZ©Z Poor Law GB‡‡Î GKwUD`vniY n‡q Av‡Q| Bsj¨v‡Û †m mgq Enclosure Movement ïi“ nIqvq, mvgš—iv wb‡R‡ìRwg †fov Pv‡li Rb¨ wb‡q †bIqvq, AmsL¨ K…lK Rwg †_‡K DrLvZ n‡qwQj| d‡j MÖvgvÂ‡j†h-µgea©gvb `vwi`ª¨ m„wó n‡qwQj, Poor LawÕi gva¨‡g Zv wbim‡bi †Póv Kiv nq| ¯’vbxqmiKv‡ii DciB GB `vwqZ¡ Awc©Z n‡qwQj| GB Poor LawÕ†KB wek¦ BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g mvgvwRKmyiv eë¯’v ev Social Security System wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv P‡j)|cvuPevsjv‡`k MZ K‡qK eQi a‡i wewfbœ mvgvwRK myiv eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i `wi`ª‡ì fvi wKQyAs‡k MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ‡`Lv †M‡Q, evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ wfwRGd, wfwRwW, wU-Avi, eq¯‹fvZv, weaev fvZv, cÖm~wZ fvZv BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK myiv cÖKí `vwi`ª¨ jvN‡e A‡bK mnvqKn‡q‡Q| GB mg¯— LqivwZ cÖKí¸‡jvi gva¨‡g `vwi`ª¨ jvNe m¤¢e, wKš‘ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb m¤¢ebq| `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Kg© m„wó Ges Drcv`b e„w×| GB gyû‡Z© wek¦Ry‡o Lv`¨wbivcËv eë¯’v †hfv‡e ûgwKi m¤§yLxb, Zv †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki e„nr Rb‡Mvôx‡K gyw³ w`‡Z n‡j†Kej wfwRGd, wfwRwW BZ¨vw` KvW© weZiY Ki‡jB Pj‡e bv, m‡½ m‡½ c`‡c MÖnY Ki‡Zn‡e Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w× Kivi| GB j‡¨ z`ª Pvlx, gvSvwi Pvlx I eM©v Pvlx‡ì K…wl-e¨qfvi†hgb, †m‡Pi Rb¨ R¡vjvwb e¨q, mvi, ex‡Ri LiP BZ¨vwì Rb¨ ivóª‡K e„nr As‡Ki cyuwRmieivn Ki‡Z n‡e, K…lK‡K FYgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| AvR †_‡K K‡qK‡kv eQi Av‡MB aª“c`xA_©bxwZweìv e‡jwQ‡jb, cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rxeb-gvb (Quality of Life) Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cyuwRicÖ‡qvRb Ges mgv‡Ri cyuwR‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡KiB AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKvi Aek¨B‡Zvg‡a¨B †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸wji gva¨‡g mnR k‡Z© K…lK‡K FY mieivn Kivi Rb¨c`‡c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ZvQvov R¡vjvwb, exR, mvi BZ¨vwì mgqg‡Zv mieivn I cÖ‡qvM wbwðZKivi RbÏ miKvi c`‡c MÖnY K‡iQ| evsjv‡`‡ki m`¨-†NvwlZ ev‡R‡U K…wlLvZ‡K ‡Rvi†Ìqv n‡q‡Q|evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLvZ `ye©j bq| †hLv‡b we‡k¦i gvÎ 11 kZvsk Rwg Pvl‡hvM¨ †mLv‡bevsjv‡`‡ki Rwgi cÖvq 90 kZvskB Pvl‡hvM¨ hwÌ RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c cÖwZeQi GK kZvsk nv‡iK…wlRwg Ab¨Lv‡Z P‡j hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k Rwg AZ¨š— De©i, wKš‘ K…wlRwgi GKi cÖwZ djbGLbI A‡bK Kg| Abvqv‡mB djb evov‡bvi weivU AeKvk i‡q‡Q| KviY, evsjv‡`‡kiK…wlRwg‡K Abvqv‡m `yB dmjx A_ev wZb dmjx‡Z iƒcvš—i Kiv m¤¢e, hv we‡k¦i eû †`‡k m¤¢ebq| evsjv‡`‡k Rwgi cwigvY wek¦f~wgi gvÎ .02 kZvsk wKš‘ we‡k¦i mv‡o Qq kZvsk wgVv

†mb: F‡Y wbgMœ evsjvi MÖvg : gyw³i Dcvq wK? 189cvwb e„wó I b`xcÖev‡ni AvKv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq; GiI †Kv‡bv mydj AvgivGL‡bv ai‡Z cvwiwb| Gi cÖavb KviYB n‡jv evsjv‡`‡k eo K…lK hviv GB myweav¸‡jvi my‡hvMMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z mg Zv‡ì Afve i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lKB njcÖvwš—K K…lK I ỳ ª K…lK| mv‡o mvZ GK‡ii Dci Rwg Av‡Q GiKg K…l‡Ki msL¨v LyeB Kg|myZivs gvSvwi, z`ª I cÖvwš—K K…lK‡K cyuwR hywM‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki Lv`¨-wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Zn‡e Ges †mUv †gv‡UB Amva¨ †Kv‡bv KvR bq|Z‡e †Kej K…wlLv‡ZB bq, MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡ZI cyuwR cÖevn Ri“wi| evsjv‡`‡kiMÖv‡g AvR †hfv‡e RbmsL¨v †e‡o †M‡Q, eûw`b Av‡M †_‡KB K…wli c‡ Zv enb Kiv m¤¢enw”Qj bv| K…wli ewa©Z RbMY‡K µgea©gvb wkí I †mevLv‡Z wb‡q G‡m Zv‡ì Rxebgvb e„w×Ki‡Z n‡e| GB j‡¨ MÖvgxY KvwiMwi LvZ, MÖvgxY wkíLvZ, MÖvgxY †mevLvZ BZ¨vw` Lv‡Z ivóªKZ©„K cyuwR mieivn K‡i K…wli ewa©Z RbMY‡K AvZ¥Kg© MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| e¯‘ZAvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói Rb¨ ivóª‡KB mwµq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, GbwRIÕ†K bq|gvB‡µv-†µwWU ev z`ªF‡Yi mnvqZv MÖnY K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki bvix‡Mvôx z`ª eëmv‡qi †hRMZ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv †_‡K cÖKvk cv‡”Q MÖvgxY bvixi g‡a¨ eëmv‡qi SuzwK MÖnY Kivi wekvjm¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| GB m¤¢vebv‡K e¨vcK AvKv‡i ùzwiZ Kivi Rb¨ bvix‡K mnR Ges ¯^í my‡`FY cÖ`vb Kiv Ri“wi| ivóª‡KB GB `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv m¤úwË‡Z AwaKvi bv _vKviKvi‡Y bvix D‡`¨v³viv FY cÖvwßi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Collateral w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| `vwi`ª¨we‡gvP‡bi Dci bvix-m„ó A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi eûgvwÎK BwZevPK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| ZvQvovmnRvZfv‡e bvixi mÂq cÖeYZv (propensity to save) D”P nIqvq AwaKZi jvfRbK eëmv(hv m¤¢e n‡e mnR I ¯^í my‡` FY cÖvwßi Kvi‡Y) n‡Z AwaKZi mÂq n‡e hv cybwe©wb‡qvM K‡ibvix‡Mvôx Zv‡ì eëmv‡K DË‡ivËi AviI jvfRbK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †mBm‡½ `vwi`ª¨we‡gvP‡bI Zviv AwaK †_‡K AwaKZi Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB bvix‡K FY cÖ`v‡bi Rbïvóª‡KB mwµq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, GbwRIÕ†K bq|Qqiv‡óªi GB cÖ‡Póv Aek¨ mdj n‡e bv hw` MÖvgxY evsjvi RbMY‡K cÖwZeQi cÖvq cuwPknvRvi †KvwU UvKvi FY-cwi‡kv‡ai `vqfvi †_‡K gy³ Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv bv nq| g‡b ivLvcÖ‡qvRb, GB cuwPk nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖvq QÕnvRvi †KvwU UvKv mỳ (25 kZvsknv‡i); cvuP †KvwU †jv‡Ki gv_vwcQy evwl©K cÖvq evik UvKv mỳ | MÖvgxY gvb‡li m„ó GB wekvjDØ„Ë hw` cybi“rcv`‡b †m wb‡RB cÖ‡qvM ev eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv, Zvn‡j evsjvi MÖv‡gi †PnvivPx‡bi ev fvi‡Zi †Kivjv ev nwiqvbv †_‡K Lye †ewk †cQ‡b _vK‡Zv bv| MÖvg-evsjv †Kej †hwb‡R‡KB mg„w×i c‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z mg n‡Zv Zv-B bq, †`‡ki wkívq‡bi Rb¨ wKQyUv n‡jIDØ„Ë ev cyuwRi †hvMvb evov‡Z cvi‡Zv, †`‡ki mvwe©K cyuwR mÂq‡b ev Capital Accumulation-G f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Zv| MÖvg-evsjvi cÖvYkw³‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ ZvB AvR ivóª‡KBD‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e; MÖv‡g mnR I ¯^í my‡` cyuwR-cÖevn e„w× K‡i MÖv‡gi mvwe©K Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡KmÄxweZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

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