evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
162evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv¯‹vwf©, hv, wbD‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi wkKvi nb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †‡Î wm‡Rv‡d«wbqv bvgKGKwU gvivZ¥K gvbwKmK †iv‡MiI wkKvi nb e„× e„×viv (Bmjvg 2000, ingvb 1996)| †`‡kwkï‡`i Rb¨ wkï-nvmcvZvj, gvZ…-m`b Ges †`‡ki cÖvq nvmcvZv‡jB wkï IqvW©, cÖm~wZ IqvW©BZ¨vw` wKQz wKQy wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v eZ©gvb Av‡Q, wKš‘ cÖexY Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv ¯^Zš¿ wPwKrmve¨e¯’v †`‡k †bB| Gw`‡K mš—vb-mš—wZivI cÖexY wcZvgvZvi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v K‡i bv|d‡j AwaKvsk cÖexY bvix cyi“l bvbv ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wb‡q webv wPwKrmvq KvjvwZcvZ K‡ib|4) g‡bv-mvgvwRK mgm¨vAvw_©K ˆ`b¨ve¯’v, AvevwmK mgm¨v, †ivM-e¨vwai hš¿Yv, wcÖqRb †_‡K wew”QbœZv, mvgvwRKms‡hvMPz¨wZ, wbtm½Zv BZ¨vw`i g‡Zv cxov`vqK ˆbivk¨ cÖexY †jvK‡`i mvgvwRK Ges gvbwmKmgm¨vi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| Rxe‡bi Rb¨ mKj †Î †_‡K A‡hvM¨ n‡q hvIqvi †e`bv, A‡b¨iDci †evSv-¯^iƒc n‡q hvIqvi gg©cxov eva©‡K¨i ˆbivk¨‡K Av‡iK avc AebwgZ K‡i| G mg¯—Kvi‡Y cÖexY‡`i ˆbiv‡m¨i mxgv hLb P~ovš— ch©v‡q DcbxZ nq, ZLb me mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³†c‡Z A‡bK mgq cvðvZ¨, GgbwK cÖv‡P¨i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`‡ki cÖexYiv AvZ¥nb‡bi c_ ch©š—†e‡Q †bq| cvðv‡Z¨ G-nvi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk (Julie Steenhuysen, Reuters, 2010)|cvwievwiK Ges mvgvwRK ch©v‡q HwZn¨MZ g~j¨‡eva I cÖ_vi AebwZ cÖexY‡`i g‡bv-mvgvwRKmgm¨v m„wói GKwU cÖavb KviY|6| evsjv‡`‡k cÖexY‡`i Rb¨ we`¨gvb cÖvwZôvwbK my‡hvM-myweavi wPÎevsjv‡`‡k cÖexY‡`i Kj¨vYv‡_© D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP †bB| Zv‡`i eva©K¨RwbZ`~ive¯’v wbim‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ch©v‡q †h cÖ‡Póv Av‡Q Zv wbZvš—B AcÖZzj| †`‡kmiKvwi, Avav-miKvwi Ges wKQz msL¨K ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôv‡b hviv PvKzwi K‡ib, Aemi Rxe‡bZv‡`i Rb¨ Aemi-fvZv Ges fwel¨r Znwej BZ¨vw` wKQz Avw_©K mnvqZv `v‡bi my‡hvM Av‡Q,hv Zv‡`i Aemi Rxe‡bi wbivcËv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wKš‘ Giƒc †cbmb‡fvMx PvKywiRxeximsL¨v †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi bMY¨ GKwU Ask gvÎ| ZvQvov MZ Kq eQi hver miKvi †`‡kicÖexY‡`i Rb¨ †h Òeq¯‹-fvZv Kg©m~wPÓ Pvjy †i‡L‡Q Zv Aek¨B cÖksmbxq| GB Kg©m~wPiAvIZvq `wi`ª cÖexY e„× e„×v‡`i gvwmK 300.00 UvKv fvZv †`Iqv nq| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b GBKg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v †`‡ki †gvU cÖexY RbmsL¨vi gvÎ 30 kZvsk| GB Kg©m~wPiAvIZvq AfveMÖ¯— cÖexY‡`i kZfvM Aš—f©y³ Kivi `vex iv‡L| Acic‡ eZ©gvb AwMœ-g~‡j¨ievRv‡i GKRb cÖexY †jv‡Ki RxweKv wbe©v‡ni †‡Î gv‡m 300.00 UvKv fvZv cÖvwß †ZgbD‡j−L‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv|†`‡ki wbivkªq cÖexY †jv‡Ki AvevwmK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ miKv‡ii c †_‡K †Zgb†Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v cwijwZ nq bv| cÖvq GK hyM c~‡e© miKv‡ii c †_‡K cÖwZ wefv‡M GKwU K‡ie„×vkªg ˆZwi Kivi cwiKíbv wQj| Zvi g‡a¨ ‡Kej XvKv wefv‡Mi Rb¨ GKwU e„×vkªg ˆZwi Kivn‡qwQj| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ekZ Ab¨ wefvM¸‡jv‡Z e„×vkªg ˆZwii cwiKíbv †mB wZwg‡iB i‡q †Mj|AvR ch©š—I Zv ev¯—evq‡b †Kv‡bv cÖKvi c`‡c cwijwZ nqwb| D³ cÖKí¸‡jv ev¯—evwqZ
Bmjvg: wek¦ RbmsL¨vq `ª“Z ea©bkxj cÖexY Rb‡Mvôx 163Kiv n‡j †`‡ki A‡bK wbivkªq cÖexY †jv‡Ki Avevmb mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e| e¨w³ D‡`¨v‡M†`‡k wKQz e„×vkªg cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, G¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK Avkªqnxb cÖexY †jv‡Ki wKQzUv n‡jI VuvBn‡q‡Q|cÖexY‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ch©v‡q ¯^Zš¿ †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v ‡bB|XvKv kn‡i GKgvÎ ÕcÖexY wn‰Zlx msNÕ-Gi gva¨‡g ¯^í Li‡P cÖexY‡`i Rb¨ wPwKrmvi wKQze¨e¯’v Av‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g †Kej XvKvq emevmKvix `ȳ ’ cÖexYivB G my‡hvM †c‡q _v‡Kb| XvKvkn‡ii evwn‡i hviv Ae¯’vb K‡ib Zv‡`i c‡ G my‡hvM jvf Kiv m¤¢e bq| ÔcÖexY wn‰ZlxmsNÕ-Gi g‡Zv †`‡ki cÖwZ †Rjv kn‡i GKwU K‡i cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖKvkcv‡”Q| miKv‡ii c †_‡K Ggb e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z K‡i cÖwZwU miKvwinvmcvZv‡j cÖexY‡`i wPwKrmvi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|evsjv‡`‡k cÖexY‡`i g‡bv-mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’vB ‡bB| A_Pevsjv‡`‡ki cÖexYiv bvbv cÖKvi g‡bv-mvgvwRK mgm¨vq fyM‡Qb cÖwZwbqZ| Zv‡`i g‡bvmvgvwRKmgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¨ c`‡c MÖnY AwZ Ri“wi| †h‡nZz cj−x A‡ji cÖexY†jvK‡`i c‡ `~‡i hvZvqvZ Kiv m¤¢e bq ZvB cÖwZwU Iqv‡W© ev BDwbq‡b GKwU K‡i ÔcÖexY-K¬veÕ MV‡bi Ri“wi cÖ‡qvRb Dcjwä niv n‡”Q|7| Dcmsnvi I wKQy mycvwikwek¦ RbmsL¨vi e‡qve„w× MZ kZvwãi Dbœq‡bi m~PKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKwU eo cÖvwß| bZzbmnmªv‡ãi m~Pbv‡ZB GB m~PKwU GKw`‡K ‡hgbfv‡e SuzwKi Bw½Z enb K‡i, Aciw`‡KAvb‡›`iI| mviv we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b 60 eQi ev Z`~aŸ© eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 750 wgwjqb| Gig‡a¨ `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki evm wbgœ I ga¨-Av‡qi †`kmg~‡n|we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q evsjv‡`‡kI cÖexY‡`i msL¨v EaŸ©MwZi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 9 wgwjqb cÖexY †jvK Av‡Qb, hv wek¦ cÖexY RbmsL¨vi 1.2 kZvsk|evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i GKwU ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k| ZvB †`‡ki miKv‡ii c‡ cÖexY †jvK‡`i Kj¨vYv‡_©A_©‰bwZK, AvevwmK, ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv Ges g‡bv-mvgvwRK BZ¨vw` mvwe©K mgm¨vi mgvavb ejvgvÎB Kiv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e Zv‡`i D‡cv Kiv Pj‡e bv, KviY Zviv G‡`‡kiB bvMwiK| Kg©-Rxe‡b mgvR Z_v †`‡ki Dbœq‡b ZvivI A‡bK Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb, hvi mydj cieZ©x cÖRb¥ †fvMKi‡Q Ges Ki‡eb|†`‡ki cÖexY Rb‡Mvôxi †mevq miKvi I mgvR Dfq‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| miKvi‡KhZ kxNÖ m¤¢e †`‡ki cÖexY‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨vYv‡_© GKwU mỳ ~icÖmvix cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡eGes Zv ev¯—evq‡bi w`‡K ax‡i ax‡i GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| m‡½ m‡½ cÖexY‡`i mvwe©K ‡mev `v‡bGwM‡q Avmvi Rb¨ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó Kivi Rb¨ c`‡c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖexY RbMYmvaviYZ Av_©-mvgvwRK Ges gvbwmK †h mg¯— mgm¨vq fy‡M _v‡Kb, †m¸‡jv wbim‡b mgv‡Riwewfbœ ¯—‡ii gvbyl‡K wK iKg f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i ‡`‡k we`¨gvb mvgvwRK
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Bmjvg: wek¦ RbmsL¨vq `ª“Z ea©bkxj cÖexY Rb‡Mvôx 163Kiv n‡j †`‡ki A‡bK wbivkªq cÖexY †jv‡Ki Avevmb mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e| e¨w³ D‡`¨v‡M†`‡k wKQz e„×vkªg cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, G¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK Avkªqnxb cÖexY †jv‡Ki wKQzUv n‡jI VuvBn‡q‡Q|cÖexY‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ch©v‡q ¯^Zš¿ †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v ‡bB|XvKv kn‡i GKgvÎ ÕcÖexY wn‰Zlx msNÕ-Gi gva¨‡g ¯^í Li‡P cÖexY‡`i Rb¨ wPwKrmvi wKQze¨e¯’v Av‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g †Kej XvKvq emevmKvix `ȳ ’ cÖexYivB G my‡hvM †c‡q _v‡Kb| XvKvkn‡ii evwn‡i hviv Ae¯’vb K‡ib Zv‡`i c‡ G my‡hvM jvf Kiv m¤¢e bq| ÔcÖexY wn‰ZlxmsNÕ-Gi g‡Zv †`‡ki cÖwZ †Rjv kn‡i GKwU K‡i cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖKvkcv‡”Q| miKv‡ii c †_‡K Ggb e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z K‡i cÖwZwU miKvwinvmcvZv‡j cÖexY‡`i wPwKrmvi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|evsjv‡`‡k cÖexY‡`i g‡bv-mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’vB ‡bB| A_Pevsjv‡`‡ki cÖexYiv bvbv cÖKvi g‡bv-mvgvwRK mgm¨vq fyM‡Qb cÖwZwbqZ| Zv‡`i g‡bvmvgvwRKmgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¨ c`‡c MÖnY AwZ Ri“wi| †h‡nZz cj−x A‡ji cÖexY†jvK‡`i c‡ `~‡i hvZvqvZ Kiv m¤¢e bq ZvB cÖwZwU Iqv‡W© ev BDwbq‡b GKwU K‡i ÔcÖexY-K¬veÕ MV‡bi Ri“wi cÖ‡qvRb Dcjwä niv n‡”Q|7| Dcmsnvi I wKQy mycvwikwek¦ RbmsL¨vi e‡qve„w× MZ kZvwãi <strong>Dbœq</strong>‡bi m~PKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKwU eo cÖvwß| bZzbmnmªv‡ãi m~Pbv‡ZB GB m~PKwU GKw`‡K ‡hgbfv‡e SuzwKi Bw½Z enb K‡i, Aciw`‡KAvb‡›`iI| mviv we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b 60 eQi ev Z`~aŸ© eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 750 wgwjqb| Gig‡a¨ `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki evm wbgœ I ga¨-Av‡qi †`kmg~‡n|we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q evsjv‡`‡kI cÖexY‡`i msL¨v EaŸ©MwZi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 9 wgwjqb cÖexY †jvK Av‡Qb, hv wek¦ cÖexY RbmsL¨vi 1.2 kZvsk|<strong>evsjv‡`k</strong> we‡k¦i GKwU ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k| ZvB †`‡ki miKv‡ii c‡ cÖexY †jvK‡`i Kj¨vYv‡_©A_©‰bwZK, AvevwmK, ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv Ges g‡bv-mvgvwRK BZ¨vw` mvwe©K mgm¨vi mgvavb ejvgvÎB Kiv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e Zv‡`i D‡cv Kiv Pj‡e bv, KviY Zviv G‡`‡kiB bvMwiK| Kg©-Rxe‡b mgvR Z_v †`‡ki <strong>Dbœq</strong>‡b ZvivI A‡bK Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb, hvi mydj cieZ©x cÖRb¥ †fvMKi‡Q Ges Ki‡eb|†`‡ki cÖexY Rb‡Mvôxi †mevq miKvi I mgvR Dfq‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| miKvi‡KhZ kxNÖ m¤¢e †`‡ki cÖexY‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨vYv‡_© GKwU mỳ ~icÖmvix cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡eGes Zv ev¯—evq‡bi w`‡K ax‡i ax‡i GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| m‡½ m‡½ cÖexY‡`i mvwe©K ‡mev `v‡bGwM‡q Avmvi Rb¨ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó Kivi Rb¨ c`‡c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖexY RbMYmvaviYZ Av_©-mvgvwRK Ges gvbwmK †h mg¯— mgm¨vq fy‡M _v‡Kb, †m¸‡jv wbim‡b mgv‡Riwewfbœ ¯—‡ii gvbyl‡K wK iKg f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i ‡`‡k we`¨gvb mvgvwRK
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