evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
8evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvwe‡k−lK‡`i g‡Z, ivóª cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| h_v- (1) wbqš¿Yg~jKGes (2) Kj¨vYg~jK iv‡óªi †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡ ev f~wgKv¸‡jv wbgœiƒc:• RbwbivcËv Ges †fŠ‡MvwjK wbivcËvi wbðqZv weavb Kiv• bvMwiK‡`i AvBbMZ Ges gvbweK AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv weavb Kiv• AvBb-k„•Ljv iv Kiv Ges `yó‡jv‡Ki kvw¯—weavb Kvh©Ki Kiv• RbKj¨v‡Yi wbðqZv (Ensure Public welfare)• Rbm¤úwK©Z welqvewj cwiPvjbv Kiv (Manage Public affairs)• RbM‡Yi wecixZgyLx ¯^v‡_©i g‡a¨ mgš^q Kiv|Maciver iv‡óªi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Av‡iKwU f~wgKvi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv n‡jv †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK GesLwbR m¤ú‡`i msiY Kiv|4| wek¦vqb I ivóª : iv‡óªi gZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Dci wek¦vq‡bi cÖfvewek¦vqb wKfv‡e iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ Ges gZv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? G wbe‡Üi g~j welqe¯‘ n‡”QZv LwZ‡q †`Lv| ivóª Ges iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi Ici wek¦vq‡bi cÖfve Ges cÖwµqv wb‡qbvbv gZvgZ i‡q‡Q| GKw`‡K †KD †KD wek¦vm K‡ib, ÒRvwZ iv‡óªiÓ aviYv GLb GKwUfwel¨Znxb Ges †m‡K‡j welq|Ó †hgb- Opello Ges Rosow (1999: 225) `„pZvi m‡½ e‡jb,ÒeZ©gvb Ae¯’v ïaygvÎ iv‡óªi we`¨gvb aib‡KB P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Q bv eis ivóªxq mxgvbv AzYœ ivLvim¤¢vebv, mve©‡fŠg gZv‡K cÖkœwe× Ki‡Q|Ó Ab¨w`‡K evwKiv g‡b K‡ib, Avš—R©vwZK ms¯’v evKZ©„‡Z¡i mweivg Ges AwbqwgZ cÖfve m‡Ë¡I ivóª cÖK…Zc‡ Zvi mwµq Ae¯’v‡bB Av‡Q|†KwbwP In‡gi (2000) fvlvq Òiv‡óªi Aax‡b A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbvi w`b †kl n‡q†M‡Q| RvwZ-ivóª GLb AwZ `ª“ZZvi m‡½ Zvi cÖK…wZMZ mËv nviv‡”Q| n‡q DV‡Q AKvh©Ki...ivóª GLb GK g„Zz¨c_hvÎx ÔWvB‡bvmiÕ| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb, wek¦vqbcÖwµqv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B GK wek¦ A_©bxwZi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb I cyuwRevRvi Gˆewk¦K A_©bxwZ‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| ivR‰bwZK mxgv-cwimxgvi aviYv I Aw¯—Z¡ AvR AcÖvmw½Kn‡q †M‡Q| GgbwK GUvI `vwe Kiv n‡”Q- RvZxq ch©v‡q bxwZ MÖn‡Yi welqwU GLb †m‡K‡javiYvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q; †Kbbv RvZxq A_©bxwZ GLb ˆewk¦K A_©bxwZi m‡½ GKxf~Z n‡q†M‡Q| hv‡nvK wek¦vq‡bi d‡j RvwZ iv‡óªi kvmb cÖwµqv Ges mvg‡_©¨i m¼‡Ui cÖK…wZ Ges gvÎvLwZ‡q †`LvB G cÖe‡Üi g~j cÖwZcv`¨|GUv A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB, eûRvwZK cyuwRi `vc‡U ¯^vaxbfv‡e A_©‰bwZK Icyb:eÈbg~jK bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯—evqb GLb A‡bKUvB KwVb n‡q †M‡Q| Z‡e wKQz wKQz AwZ-
fu~Bqv I ingvb: wek¦vq‡bi cÖfve Ges evRvi wbqš¿‡Y iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ : evsjv‡`k †cÖwZ 9wek¦vqbev`x 1 Ges AwZ Drmvnx aviYv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi †hŠw³K wfwË †bB| †hgb- wek¦vq‡bicÖfv‡e iv‡óªi Aw¯—Z¡ gy‡Q hv‡e, wKsev wek¦vqb ivóªwebvmx G aviYvi †Kv‡bv cÖgvY Av‡`Š †g‡jwb|Z`ª“c AwZ wek¦vqbev`x‡`i `vwei wecix‡Z GUvB mZ¨ †h ivR‰bwZK mxgvš— GL‡bv h‡_ó¸i“Z¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| we‡k¦i `y GKwU AÂj †_‡KB gvÎ ivóªxq mxgvš— D‡V †M‡Q (†hgb-BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb)| ivóªxq f~L‡Ê wbqš¿Y Z_v mve©‡fŠgZ¡ GL‡bv Zver we‡k¦ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©Ges Avcmnxb Bmÿ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Z‡e GUv mZ¨, wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e ivóªxq f~wgKv GesgZv Ges iv‡óªi Pwi‡Î h‡_ó cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q|4.1| iv‡óªi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Ges KZ©„‡Z¡i m¼UAvš—R©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i ZË¡MZ Ges cÖv‡qvwMK Dfq w`K †_‡KB mve©‡fŠgZ¡ m‡e©v”P ¸i“Z¡enwn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| mve©‡fŠgZ¡ gZv ej‡Z AwefvR¨, wbi¼zk Ggb GK gZv‡K†evSvq hvi Øviv ivóª Af¨š—ixY wm×vš— MÖnY, bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯—evq‡b, iv‡óªi AvBb-k„•Ljv ivGes ewn:iv‡óªi n¯—‡c Ges cÖfve †_‡K iv‡óªi ¯^vZš¿¨ ivq P~ovš— gZv AR©b K‡i| mbvZbaviYv Abyhvqx Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i g~j GKK n‡”Q ivóª| GwU RvZxq A_©bxwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© ZË¡veavb K‡i| Avš—R©vwZK A_©bxwZ Abyhvqx evwYR¨ m¤úK©¸‡jv nqRvwZwfwËK, we‡klvwqZ Ges kªg wefvRb wbf©i| †m Abyhvqx e¨emvqxK ¸i“Z¡ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nqRvwZmg~‡ni ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK wewb‡qv‡Mi Øviv| G‡‡Î cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©mg~n n‡”Q wewjqvW©ej UvB‡ci| Avš—R©vwZK NUbvmg~n mivmwi Af¨š—ixY A_©bxwZ‡Z AbycÖ‡ek K‡i bv Ges Avš—R©vwZK wg_w¯Œqvmg~n RvZxq A_©bxwZi Rb¨ evav wKsev my‡hvM wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GeskªwgK‡`i gZv G ch©v‡q Zzjbvg~jK kw³kvjx| wKš‘ wek¦vwqZ A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^Zš¿ RvZxqA_©bxwZmg~n Avš—R©vwZK cÖwµqvmg~n Ges †jb‡`‡bi Øviv cyb:cyb hy³| Global EconomyGKwU bZzb kw³ wn‡m‡e D¢e N‡U‡Q| evRvi Ges Drcv`b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wek¦e¨vcx c‡Y¨|RvZxq wbqš¿Y aviv Avš—R©vwZK cmg~n‡K wbqš¿Y A_ev cÖwZnZ Kiv KwVb| G ch©v‡qRvwZwfwËK ms¯’v¸‡jv eûRvwZK Ges AwaRvwZK Ki‡cv‡ik‡b iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q| kªwgK‡`igZv n‡q‡Q `ye©j| KviY eûRvwZK ms¯’v¸‡jv kª‡gi gRywi †hLv‡b Kg cvq †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb†bq|wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq RwoZ †ekwKQz cÖfvekvjx DˇivËi, hv µgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q,mvskªwqKfv‡e RvZxq mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i wfwË `ye©j K‡i w`‡”Q Ges ivóªxq cwim‡i RvZxqbxwZwba©viK‡`i ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ges Kvh©Kwifv‡e f~wgKv cvj‡bi mvg_©¨‡K cÖkœwe× Ki‡Q|wek¦vq‡bi Ab¨Zg GKwU `xN© mgqe¨vcx cÖwZwµqv n‡”Q- Òwe¯— …Z Avš—tmiKvixq Ges weivóªxqKvh©KZ©vi (Actors) cÖvavb¨ e„w× †h¸‡jv GKwU Avš—R©vwZK e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbvi †cÖw‡Z Avwef©~Z1AwZ wek¦vqbev`x G‡`i g‡Z, A_©‰bwZK D`vixKiY Ges gy³ evwYR¨ A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× Ges A_©‰bwZK mg„w× wb‡q Avm‡e|hvi d‡j North and South e¨eavb K‡g hv‡e Ges Z…Zxq wek¦ aviYvi mgvwß NU‡e| Ultra GlobalistsÕiv hyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib†h, cuywRev‡`i we¯— …wZ Ges wek¦ A_©bxwZi msnwZ e¨vcKwfwËK mydj Ges mg„w× wb‡q Avm‡e| AwZ Drmvnxiv e‡jb †h, wek¦vqbRxeb gvb Dbœq‡bi m¤¢vebv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q, bZzb cÖhyw³ weKv‡ki d‡j Drcv`‡bi gvÎv e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v `~ixKiY Ges wkvimy‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i‡Q|
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fu~Bqv I ingvb: wek¦vq‡bi cÖfve Ges evRvi wbqš¿‡Y iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ : <strong>evsjv‡`k</strong> †cÖwZ 9wek¦vqbev`x 1 Ges AwZ Drmvnx aviYv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi †hŠw³K wfwË †bB| †hgb- wek¦vq‡bicÖfv‡e iv‡óªi Aw¯—Z¡ gy‡Q hv‡e, wKsev wek¦vqb ivóªwebvmx G aviYvi †Kv‡bv cÖgvY Av‡`Š †g‡jwb|Z`ª“c AwZ wek¦vqbev`x‡`i `vwei wecix‡Z GUvB mZ¨ †h ivR‰bwZK mxgvš— GL‡bv h‡_ó¸i“Z¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| we‡k¦i `y GKwU AÂj †_‡KB gvÎ ivóªxq mxgvš— D‡V †M‡Q (†hgb-BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb)| ivóªxq f~L‡Ê wbqš¿Y Z_v mve©‡fŠgZ¡ GL‡bv Zver we‡k¦ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©Ges Avcmnxb Bmÿ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Z‡e GUv mZ¨, wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e ivóªxq f~wgKv GesgZv Ges iv‡óªi Pwi‡Î h‡_ó cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q|4.1| iv‡óªi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Ges KZ©„‡Z¡i m¼UAvš—R©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i ZË¡MZ Ges cÖv‡qvwMK Dfq w`K †_‡KB mve©‡fŠgZ¡ m‡e©v”P ¸i“Z¡enwn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| mve©‡fŠgZ¡ gZv ej‡Z AwefvR¨, wbi¼zk Ggb GK gZv‡K†evSvq hvi Øviv ivóª Af¨š—ixY wm×vš— MÖnY, bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯—evq‡b, iv‡óªi AvBb-k„•Ljv ivGes ewn:iv‡óªi n¯—‡c Ges cÖfve †_‡K iv‡óªi ¯^vZš¿¨ ivq P~ovš— gZv AR©b K‡i| mbvZbaviYv Abyhvqx Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i g~j GKK n‡”Q ivóª| GwU RvZxq A_©bxwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© ZË¡veavb K‡i| Avš—R©vwZK A_©bxwZ Abyhvqx evwYR¨ m¤úK©¸‡jv nqRvwZwfwËK, we‡klvwqZ Ges kªg wefvRb wbf©i| †m Abyhvqx e¨emvqxK ¸i“Z¡ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nqRvwZmg~‡ni ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK wewb‡qv‡Mi Øviv| G‡‡Î cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©mg~n n‡”Q wewjqvW©ej UvB‡ci| Avš—R©vwZK NUbvmg~n mivmwi Af¨š—ixY A_©bxwZ‡Z AbycÖ‡ek K‡i bv Ges Avš—R©vwZK wg_w¯Œqvmg~n RvZxq A_©bxwZi Rb¨ evav wKsev my‡hvM wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GeskªwgK‡`i gZv G ch©v‡q Zzjbvg~jK kw³kvjx| wKš‘ wek¦vwqZ A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^Zš¿ RvZxqA_©bxwZmg~n Avš—R©vwZK cÖwµqvmg~n Ges †jb‡`‡bi Øviv cyb:cyb hy³| Global EconomyGKwU bZzb kw³ wn‡m‡e D¢e N‡U‡Q| evRvi Ges Drcv`b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wek¦e¨vcx c‡Y¨|RvZxq wbqš¿Y aviv Avš—R©vwZK cmg~n‡K wbqš¿Y A_ev cÖwZnZ Kiv KwVb| G ch©v‡qRvwZwfwËK ms¯’v¸‡jv eûRvwZK Ges AwaRvwZK Ki‡cv‡ik‡b iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q| kªwgK‡`igZv n‡q‡Q `ye©j| KviY eûRvwZK ms¯’v¸‡jv kª‡gi gRywi †hLv‡b Kg cvq †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb†bq|wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq RwoZ †ekwKQz cÖfvekvjx DˇivËi, hv µgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q,mvskªwqKfv‡e RvZxq mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i wfwË `ye©j K‡i w`‡”Q Ges ivóªxq cwim‡i RvZxqbxwZwba©viK‡`i ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ges Kvh©Kwifv‡e f~wgKv cvj‡bi mvg_©¨‡K cÖkœwe× Ki‡Q|wek¦vq‡bi Ab¨Zg GKwU `xN© mgqe¨vcx cÖwZwµqv n‡”Q- Òwe¯— …Z Avš—tmiKvixq Ges weivóªxqKvh©KZ©vi (Actors) cÖvavb¨ e„w× †h¸‡jv GKwU Avš—R©vwZK e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbvi †cÖw‡Z Avwef©~Z1AwZ wek¦vqbev`x G‡`i g‡Z, A_©‰bwZK D`vixKiY Ges gy³ evwYR¨ A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× Ges A_©‰bwZK mg„w× wb‡q Avm‡e|hvi d‡j North and South e¨eavb K‡g hv‡e Ges Z…Zxq wek¦ aviYvi mgvwß NU‡e| Ultra GlobalistsÕiv hyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib†h, cuywRev‡`i we¯— …wZ Ges wek¦ A_©bxwZi msnwZ e¨vcKwfwËK mydj Ges mg„w× wb‡q Avm‡e| AwZ Drmvnxiv e‡jb †h, wek¦vqbRxeb gvb <strong>Dbœq</strong>‡bi m¤¢vebv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q, bZzb cÖhyw³ weKv‡ki d‡j Drcv`‡bi gvÎv e„w×, ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v `~ixKiY Ges wkvimy‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i‡Q|
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