evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS
142evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv†Kv¤úvwbi jf¨vsk, kªwgK fvZv Ges †eZb, miKvi‡K cÖ`vbK…Z U¨v‡·i cwigvYRvnvR fv½v kªwgK‡`i Dci Bcmv (YPSA) KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ GKwU †emjvBb mv‡f©i(YPSA 2005) Z_¨ Ges AvBGjI (ILO 2003) cÖKvwkZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ mgxKiY (1)-GiPjK¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv m¤¢e| GB Drm `ywUi Z_¨ Abyhvqx RvnvR fv½v wk‡í †Kv¤úvwbijf¨vsk eve` eQ‡i 20 wewjqb UvKv Av‡m| GB wk‡íi †gvU wb‡qvM cÖvß e¨w³ n‡”Qb 20,268Rb| cÖvq 2,470 Rb ` kªwgK M‡o ˆ`wbK 120 †_‡K 150 UvKv †c‡q _v‡Kb| GKRb `kªwg‡Ki cvwikªwgK M‡o ˆ`wbK 140 UvKv| evwK 17,798 Rb kªwgK, hviv A` Zv‡`icvwikªwgK memgq ‰`wbK 83 UvKv| wb‡æv³ mviwY‡Z w`bcÖwZ kªwg‡Ki cvwikªwgK D‡j−L Kivn‡q‡Q|mviwY 2RvnvRfv½v wk‡í kªwgK‡`i ‰`wbK gRywi (UvKvq)` A` †gvU†gvU kªwgK 2,470 17,798 20,268‰`wbK Mo gRywi 140.00 83.00 89.95‰`wbK †gvU gRywi 3,45,80,000 14,77,23,400 18,23,03,400Drm: ILO Report 2003|hw` a‡i †bIqv nq, eQ‡i cÖwZ kªwg‡Ki Mo Kg©w`em = 300 w`b (mvßvwnK QywU, DrmeQywU Ges Avc`Kvjxb QywU ev` w`‡q) Zvn‡j eQ‡i kªwgK KZ©„K AwR©Z †gvU gRywii cwigvY`uvovq = 18,23,03,400 UvKv x 300 w`b = 54,69,10,200 UvKv, hv cÖvq 550 wgwjqbUvKv|RvnvRfv½v wkí gvwjK‡`i `vwe Abyhvqx Zviv eQ‡i 9.35 wewjqb UvKv miKvi‡K AvqKiwn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq Gi wi‡cv‡U© (2005) cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q †h,GB msL¨v mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges miKv‡ii Ki I f¨vU msMÖ‡ni bxwZI†mB mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j GB wkí †_‡K cÖvq GK wewjqb UvKvi mgcwigvYAvqKi †_‡K miKvi ewÂZ n‡”Q| Bcmvi †emjvBb mv‡f© (2005) AbyhvqxI G wkí _‡KevrmwiK 7 wewjqb UvKv evsjv‡`k miKvi Ki wn‡m‡e Avq K‡i _v‡K|÷x‡ji Avg`vwb g~‡j¨i Dci A_© mvkª‡qi cwigvYRvnvRfv½v wkí cÖwZ eQi 1.8 wgwjqb Ub ÷xj Drcv`b K‡i| wi-‡ivwjs wg‡j e¨eüZcÖwZ Ub Avg`vwbK…Z ÷x‡ji g~j¨ cÖvq cÂvk nvRvi UvKv hv 2009 mv‡ji g~j¨ Abyhvqx cÖvq700 gvwK©b Wjv‡ii mgvb (eZ©gvb wewbgq nvi n‡jv: gvwK©b Wjvi = 71.14 evsjv‡`kx UvKv)|H GKB eQ‡i (2009) RvnvR fv½v wkí ‡_‡K cÖvß cÖwZ Ub ÷x‡ji `vg wQj Pwj−k nvRvi UvKv(40,000)| myZivs cÖwZ U‡b UvKv 10,000 (50,000-40,000) euvP‡bvi gva¨‡g 1.8 wgwjqbUb ÷x‡j G wkí Øviv AwR©Z jf¨vs‡ki cwigvY = 1.8x10,00,000x10,000 = UvKv18,00,00,00,000 = 18 wewjqb UvKvq `uvovq|
†b‡nixb I Avn&‡g`: evsjv‡`‡ki RvnvRfv½v wkí 143†bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei A_©‰bwZK g~j¨vqbmvaviYZ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi c~e© m‡PZbZv ev cÖwZ‡ivaK e¨e¯’v †bqv nq bv e‡j RvnvRfv½vwk‡í `yN©Ubv I ¯^v¯’¨SuywKi cÖeYZv Lye †ewk| nvRvi nvRvi kªwgK welv³ c`v‡_©i Kvi‡Y wewfbœai‡bi Amy‡L Avµvš— n‡”Q| miKvwi I †emiKvwi MYgva¨‡g cÖvqkB RvnvRfv½v wk‡íwb‡qvwRZ kªwgK AvnZ ev wbnZ nevi (casualty) NUbv cÖKvwkZ nq| hvi A‡bK¸‡jvBmwVKfv‡e bw_fy³ (Reported) nq bv| cÖKvwkZ Z_¨vbyhvqx MZ 20 eQ‡i 400 Rb kªwgK cÖvYnvwi‡q‡Q Ges 6,000 Rb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ n‡q‡Q (YPSA 2005)| Z‡e cÖK…Z msL¨v Gi†P‡q A‡bK †ewk| †Kbbv GK GKwU `yN©Ubv‡ZB 10 †_‡K 50 Rb kªwg‡Ki g„Zÿ n‡Z cv‡i|†hgb, 31 †g 2000 mv‡j Bivwbqvb U¨v¼vi wU wU †Wbv we‡ùvwiZ n‡q 50 Rb kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨nq|YPSAÕi Z_¨ Abyhvqx RvnvRfv½v Bqv‡W© cÖwZ mßv‡n M‡o GKRb kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨ nq GescÖwZw`b GKRb kªwgK AvnZ nq (YPSA 2005)| Z‡e GB wk‡íi gvwjK‡`i Øviv GB Z_¨¯^xK…Z bq, GgbwK GB m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv Z_¨I Zv‡`i †iK‡W© †bB| YPSA Ges wewfbœ wgwWqvZ‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i wb‡gœv³ WvUv MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:cÖwZ eQi `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ (AvbygvwbK) = 50gvivZ¥K `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ nq cÖwZ eQi (AvbygvwbK) = 300A_©bxwZi gvb`Ê Øviv g„Zz¨ I `yN©Ubvi g~j¨ cwigvc Kiv KwVb| wKš‘ hw` †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvid‡j †KD gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ nq, Zvn‡j †m wZi cwigvY aiv n‡e 500 nvRvi UvKv Gesg„Zz¨i †‡ÎI GKB cwigvY aiv n‡e| GB cwigvY A_© wZ w`‡q `yN©Ubvi g~j¨ cwigvc Ki‡jcÖwZ eQi `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y †gvU e¨q `uvovq 175 wgwjqb UvKv|YPSAÕi Z_¨ g‡Z, RvnvRfv½v Bqv‡W© kªwgKiv cvuP eQi KvR Kivi ci fvix KvR KivigZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| GB mg‡qi ci GKRb kªwgK Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg cwikª‡gi KvR K‡iGes eQ‡i Kg w`b KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| YPSA-Gi Rwi‡ci Z_¨ Abyhvqx Kg kª‡gi Kv‡RGKRb kªwgK ˆ`wbK M‡o 10 UvKv K‡i gRywi nvivq| Avevi G me kªwg‡Ki evrmwiK Kg©w`emM‡o 300 w`b †_‡K 50 w`b K‡g 250 w`b n‡q hvq| myZivs cÖwZ eQi Mo n«vmK…Z gRywiicwigvY `uvovq 10UvKv x 250 = 2,500 UvKv|Bqv‡W©i kªwgK‡`i Mo eqm n‡”Q 18-22 eQ‡ii g‡a¨| A_P evsjv‡`‡ki kªwgK‡`i Moeqm 45 eQi| d‡j RvnvRfv½v wk‡íi kªwg‡Kiv fvix Kv‡R Amg_© wn‡m‡e evwK 23 eQiAwZµvš— Ki‡e Kg gRywi‡Z| GLv‡b Zvi cy‡iv kªwgK Rxe‡b gRywi wZi cwigvY `uvovq †gvU23x2500=57,500 UvKv| MYgva¨g †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx G ai‡bi wZ cÖwZ 5 eQ‡i Aš—Z GKevi nq| d‡j kªwg‡Ki evrmwiK ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK n‡”Q cÖwZ eQi 11,500 UvKv| GB wnmv‡e20,000 kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ †gvU ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwKi cwigvY `uvovq cÖwZ eQi 230 wgwjqb UvKv| myZivscÖwZ eQi kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨SuywK I `yN©Ubvi †gvU g~j¨ n‡”Q 405 wgwjqb UvKv|
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- Page 189 and 190: †mb: F‡Y wbgMœ evsjvi MÖvg :
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- Page 197 and 198: †nv‡mb I Kwig: Acywó wbim‡b
†b‡nixb I Avn&‡g`: evsjv‡`‡ki RvnvRfv½v wkí 143†bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei A_©‰bwZK g~j¨vqbmvaviYZ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi c~e© m‡PZbZv ev cÖwZ‡ivaK e¨e¯’v †bqv nq bv e‡j RvnvRfv½vwk‡í `yN©Ubv I ¯^v¯’¨SuywKi cÖeYZv Lye †ewk| nvRvi nvRvi kªwgK welv³ c`v‡_©i Kvi‡Y wewfbœai‡bi Amy‡L Avµvš— n‡”Q| miKvwi I †emiKvwi MYgva¨‡g cÖvqkB RvnvRfv½v wk‡íwb‡qvwRZ kªwgK AvnZ ev wbnZ nevi (casualty) NUbv cÖKvwkZ nq| hvi A‡bK¸‡jvBmwVKfv‡e bw_fy³ (Reported) nq bv| cÖKvwkZ Z_¨vbyhvqx MZ 20 eQ‡i 400 Rb kªwgK cÖvYnvwi‡q‡Q Ges 6,000 Rb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ n‡q‡Q (YPSA 2005)| Z‡e cÖK…Z msL¨v Gi†P‡q A‡bK †ewk| †Kbbv GK GKwU `yN©Ubv‡ZB 10 †_‡K 50 Rb kªwg‡Ki g„Zÿ n‡Z cv‡i|†hgb, 31 †g 2000 mv‡j Bivwbqvb U¨v¼vi wU wU †Wbv we‡ùvwiZ n‡q 50 Rb kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨nq|YPSAÕi Z_¨ Abyhvqx RvnvRfv½v Bqv‡W© cÖwZ mßv‡n M‡o GKRb kªwg‡Ki g„Zz¨ nq GescÖwZw`b GKRb kªwgK AvnZ nq (YPSA 2005)| Z‡e GB wk‡íi gvwjK‡`i Øviv GB Z_¨¯^xK…Z bq, GgbwK GB m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv Z_¨I Zv‡`i †iK‡W© †bB| YPSA Ges wewfbœ wgwWqvZ‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i wb‡gœv³ WvUv MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:cÖwZ eQi `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ (AvbygvwbK) = 50gvivZ¥K `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ nq cÖwZ eQi (AvbygvwbK) = 300A_©bxwZi gvb`Ê Øviv g„Zz¨ I `yN©Ubvi g~j¨ cwigvc Kiv KwVb| wKš‘ hw` †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvid‡j †KD gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ nq, Zvn‡j †m wZi cwigvY aiv n‡e 500 nvRvi UvKv Gesg„Zz¨i †‡ÎI GKB cwigvY aiv n‡e| GB cwigvY A_© wZ w`‡q `yN©Ubvi g~j¨ cwigvc Ki‡jcÖwZ eQi `yN©Ubvi Kvi‡Y †gvU e¨q `uvovq 175 wgwjqb UvKv|YPSAÕi Z_¨ g‡Z, RvnvRfv½v Bqv‡W© kªwgKiv cvuP eQi KvR Kivi ci fvix KvR KivigZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| GB mg‡qi ci GKRb kªwgK Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg cwikª‡gi KvR K‡iGes eQ‡i Kg w`b KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| YPSA-Gi Rwi‡ci Z_¨ Abyhvqx Kg kª‡gi Kv‡RGKRb kªwgK ˆ`wbK M‡o 10 UvKv K‡i gRywi nvivq| Avevi G me kªwg‡Ki evrmwiK Kg©w`emM‡o 300 w`b †_‡K 50 w`b K‡g 250 w`b n‡q hvq| myZivs cÖwZ eQi Mo n«vmK…Z gRywiicwigvY `uvovq 10UvKv x 250 = 2,500 UvKv|Bqv‡W©i kªwgK‡`i Mo eqm n‡”Q 18-22 eQ‡ii g‡a¨| A_P evsjv‡`‡ki kªwgK‡`i Moeqm 45 eQi| d‡j RvnvRfv½v wk‡íi kªwg‡Kiv fvix Kv‡R Amg_© wn‡m‡e evwK 23 eQiAwZµvš— Ki‡e Kg gRywi‡Z| GLv‡b Zvi cy‡iv kªwgK Rxe‡b gRywi wZi cwigvY `uvovq †gvU23x2500=57,500 UvKv| MYgva¨g †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx G ai‡bi wZ cÖwZ 5 eQ‡i Aš—Z GKevi nq| d‡j kªwg‡Ki evrmwiK ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK n‡”Q cÖwZ eQi 11,500 UvKv| GB wnmv‡e20,000 kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ †gvU ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwKi cwigvY `uvovq cÖwZ eQi 230 wgwjqb UvKv| myZivscÖwZ eQi kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯’¨SuywK I `yN©Ubvi †gvU g~j¨ n‡”Q 405 wgwjqb UvKv|
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