evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS

13.07.2015 Views
118evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv5| Dcmsnvi Ges mycvwikDc‡ii Av‡jvPbv n‡Z ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, my›ìeb mswk−ó AÂ‡ji †ckvRxwe‡ìAvq êlg¨ e¨vcK| Dc‡ii ¯—‡ii †ckvRxwei 10 kZvs‡ki Avq wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii †ckvRxwe‡ì†P‡q 43 ¸Y †ewk (wMwb wb‡`©wkKv cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q 0.42 -0.52, hv mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡kiZzjbvq A‡bK †ewk)| 15 eZ©gvb Av_©-mvgvwRK Ges AvenvIqv cwieZ©bRwbZ mgm¨v¸wjicwi‡cÖw‡Z fwel¨‡Z GB AÂ‡ji Av‡qi GB AmgZv AviI evo‡e e‡jB Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q|µgea©gvb RbmsL¨v I mxwgZ RxweKvq‡bi my‡hvM my›ìe‡bi Dci gvivZ¥K K…wÎg Pvc m„wóKi‡Q, hv µgvš^‡q g¨vb‡MÖvf eb aŸs‡mi cÖavb KviY (FAO 2003; Waggoner and Ausubel2001) n‡q D‡V‡Q| eZ©gvb mgxvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 10 jv‡LiI †ewk †jvK mivmwi my›ìe‡bim¤ú` msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ wewfbœfv‡e RwoZ| 16 MZ `k eQ‡ii Zzjbvq msMÖnKvixi msL¨v GLbA‡bK †ewk, d‡j my›ìe‡bi m¤ú` msMÖnKvix‡ì gv_v wcQy msMÖ‡ni cwigvY e¨vcKfv‡e n«vm†c‡q‡Q| 17 GB Kvi‡Y e‡bi Dci ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi wbf©ikxjZv Avk¼vRbK nv‡i †e‡o Pj‡Q|fwel¨‡Z GB Pvc AviI evo‡e (Anon 2001)| GLv‡b Pig `vwi‡`ªï (Extreme Poverty) gvÎvcÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q 0.42, A_©vr my›ìeb msjMœ 10wU Dc‡Rjvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 42 kZvsknZ `wi`ª| Ab¨w`‡K my›ìeb GjvKv ev‡` A_©vr evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡Rjvi Mo nZ`vwi‡`ªï gvÎv 26 kZvsk| GB Ae¯’vq my›ìeb cÖfvweZ AÂj (SIZ) G `vwi‡`ªï gvÎv cÖKU†_‡K cÖKUZi n‡e, hv bxwZwba©vi‡Y LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©|eZ©gvb mgxvwUi Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, my›ìe‡bi wewfbœ cY¨ †f‡` weµqg~‡jïDci †Lv` msMÖnKvix‡ì g~j¨ms‡hvRb 50 †_‡K 75 kZvsk n‡jI Zv‡ì Mo gvwmK bxU AvqGB cY¨ mswk−ó †ckvRxwe‡ì †gvU Av‡qi Zzjbvq gvÎ 3 †_‡K 7 kZvsk hv AwZ D”P Avq‰elg¨ wb‡`©k Ki‡Q| eZ©gvb Av_©-cÖvK…wZK †cªvc‡U my›ìe‡bi m¤ú‡ì Drcv`b A‡bK K‡g†M‡Q, hvi d‡j msMÖnKvix‡ì Avq AviI K‡g †M‡Q| GB Ae¯’v my›ìe‡bi cY¨ mswk−ó†ckvRxwe‡ì g‡a¨ Avq êlg¨ e„w×‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Q| m¤ú` K‡g hvIqv Ges mxwgZ m¤ú‡ìAmg eÈb my›ìeb msjMœ GjvKvi cÖKU `vwi`ª¨Zvi Ab¨Zg KviY| GB Ae¯’v †Kej †`‡kwe`¨gvb we¯—„Z `vwi`ª¨ wbim‡bB evavi m„wó Ki‡Q bv, evav m„wó Ki‡Q my›ìeb m¤ú‡ìeë¯’vcbv Ges msi‡Yi Dbœq‡b| ZvB GB Ae¯’vi Avï Dbœqb cÖ‡qvRb| GB j‡¨ GLv‡beZ©gvb cÖeÜwUi Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z wKQy Kvh©Ki c`‡c mycvwik Kiv n‡”Q|my›ìeb m¤ú‡ì eë¯’vcbv I msi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g my›ìeb mswk−ó m¤ú‡ì wbæ¯—‡ii†ckvRxwe we‡kl K‡i msMÖnKvix‡ì `vwi`ª¨ wbim‡bi eë¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G cÖm‡½ wbæwjwLZwelq¸‡jv we‡klfv‡e cÖwYavb‡hvM¨|15 HIES (2008) Abyhvqx mvwe©Kfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg GjvKvi wMwb wb‡`©wkKv 0.30 Ges kni GjvKvq 0.38|16 mviv eQi 10 jv‡LiI †ewk †jvK my›ìe‡bi cY¨ msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ RwoZ _v‡K | Zvi g‡a¨ †R‡ji msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk, Zv‡ìg‡a¨ Avevi †cvbv msMÖnKvix ‡R‡ji msL¨v cÖvq `yB jvL| Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, M‡o GKRb msMÖnKvix eQ‡i 1.8wUm¤ú` msMÖn K‡i, †mB Abyhvqx wnmve Ki‡j cÖvq 6 jvL †jvK mivmwi msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ RwoZ|17 grm¨ e¨ZxZ my›ìe‡bi evwK mKj m¤ú` †gŠmyg wfwËK msMÖn Kiv nq, d‡j grm¨ Lv‡Zi Dci Pvc µ‡g cÖKU n‡Z cÖKUZin‡”Q|

Bmjvg I Bmjvg: my›ìe‡bi m¤ú` msMÖnKvix I mswk−ó‡ì Avq I Avq êlg¨ 119my›ìe‡bi m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni cwigvY µgvMZ n«vm cv‡”Q| wKQy cÖRvwZ we‡kl K‡i wKQywKQy grm¨ cÖRvwZ wejywßi c‡_| GLv‡b grm¨ LvZ‡K we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e|msMÖnKvix‡ì msL¨v (we‡kl K‡i †R‡j ev †MvjcvZv msMÖnKvix) A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q|eZ©gv‡b G msL¨v cÖvq 9 jvL hv‡ì g‡a¨ †ewki fvM kªgRxwe †R‡j| evwK‡ì g‡a¨dwoqv/e¨vcvixi msL¨v A‡bK †ewk| †`Lv †M‡Q, ïay gv‡Qi ‡‡Î 2 jvL dwoqv/e¨vcvix i‡q‡Q|K…wl Rwg‡Z jeYv³Zvi cwigvY †e‡o hvIqvq my›ìe‡bi m¤ú` msMÖnKvixi msL¨vevo‡Q| my›ìe‡bi AwaKvsk cY¨ †gŠmyg wfwËK, d‡j Rxeb-RxweKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b grm¨m¤ú‡ì Dci AwaK Pvc m„wó n‡”Q|eb wefvM †_‡K KvV msMÖ‡ni cvk eÜ _vKvq I weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi eë¯’v bv _vKvqgrm¨ Lv‡Z µ‡gB Pvc evo‡Q, hv Rxe-êwP‡Îï fvimvg¨ ivq †bwZevPK cÖfve†dj‡Q|grm¨ wkKv‡ii †‡Î hvZvqvZ LiP Lye †ewk| hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ msMÖnKvix‡ì `xN©mgq e¨q nIqvq Li‡Pi fvi AviI †e‡o hvq|msMÖnKvix‡ì me‡P‡q †ewk e¨q Ki‡Z nq Rj`mÿ ‡ì Puv`v, gyw³cY Ges wewfbœwbqgewnf©~Z A_©| 18RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w×i Kvi‡Y msMÖnKvix‡ì AviI Amnbxq ch©v‡q wb‡q †M‡Q|cÖvwZôvwbK FY g~jZ g~j¨-k„sL‡ji Dc‡ii †kªwYi †ckvRxwe‡ì Rb¨ mnRjf¨|Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡q Awej‡¤^ bxwZwba©viY Kiv DwPZ|g~j¨-k„sL‡j Aš—f©y³ wewfbœ ai‡bi weµqKvixi Av‡qi g‡a¨ mgZv Avbq‡b Ges `vwi`ª¨ Ae¯’viDbœq‡b KiYxq:FY Ges Avw_©K mnvqZvA_© mnvqZvi weKí †Kv‡bv mnR Dcvq bv _vKvq `v`bB GKgvÎ mnR Dcvq wnmv‡emsMÖnKixiv †e‡Q †bq| eZ©gvb M‡ilYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Kg †ewk 95 kZvsk msMªnKvix `v`bwb‡q _v‡K| `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h, `v`b wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii msMÖnKvix‡ì †kvl‡Yi GKwU eonvwZqvi| ZvB wb‡Pi ¯—‡ii msMÖnKvix‡ì Rb¨ FY myweav cÖ`vb †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| `v`bmy›ìe‡bi m¤ú` msMÖnKvix‡ì A_© mnvqZv w`‡jI GB eë¯’v g~j¨-k„sLj‡K wb‡Pi ¯—‡iimsMÖnKvixi m‡½ dwoqv‡ì `„pfv‡e AvU‡K †i‡L‡Q| D”P my‡ì nvi, gvÎvwZwi³ Kwgkb,c‡Yï mwVK g~j¨ bv cvIqv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y `v`b †ewki fvM †‡ÎB GKwU AveZ©gvb c×wZ| G†_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ mycvwik¸‡jv Kiv n‡”Q:18 eZ©gvb mgxv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q, cY¨‡f‡` G ai‡bi e¨q †gvU msMÖne¨‡qi 25 kZvsk|

Page 1 and 2: evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvAóweskwZZg L

Page 3 and 4: evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvevsjv‡`k Db

Page 5: evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvAóweskwZZg L

Page 8: 2evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvGKwU mvgwMÖ

Page 11 and 12: fu~Bqv I ingvb: wek¦vq‡bi cÖfve



Page 17: fu~Bqv I ingvb: wek¦vq‡bi cÖfve

Page 20 and 21: 14evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxveëmv-evwY

Page 22 and 23: 16evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvA‡bK cÖf

Page 24 and 25: 18evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxveQ‡i AvUv

Page 26: 20evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvj K‡i Af





Page 37 and 38: †nv‡mb I †nv‡mb: ga¨-Av‡












Page 61 and 62: cvj-gRyg`vi: †RÊvi ms‡e`bkxj R

















Page 95 and 96: [Bmjvg I Bmjvg: my›ìe‡bi m¤ú

Page 97 and 98: Bmjvg I Bmjvg: my›ìe‡bi m¤ú`













Page 123: Bmjvg I Bmjvg: my›ìe‡bi m¤ú`






Page 137 and 138: †b‡nixb I Avn&‡g`: evsjv‡`












Page 161 and 162: Bmjvg: wek¦ RbmsL¨vq `ª“Z ea©







Page 175 and 176: 170evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvmviwY 1wew

Page 177 and 178: 172evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvMIX DcvË

Page 179 and 180: 174evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv(Portfolio

Page 181 and 182: 176evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvmvgvwRK Ae

Page 183 and 184: 178evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvmviwY 10z`

Page 185 and 186: 180evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv(1) gvB‡


Page 189 and 190: †mb: F‡Y wbgMœ evsjvi MÖvg :




Page 197 and 198: †nv‡mb I Kwig: Acywó wbim‡b

Page 199 and 200: 196evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvcwieZ©‡

Page 201 and 202: 198evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv†k‡l c

Page 203 and 204: 200evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxvcÖe‡Ü

Page 205: 202evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgxv12| bgybv

gkwu

bvixi

kivi

kzvsk

bvix

rvzxq

evrvi

uvkv

zviv

gnvrb

bids

evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS

evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS ... View more evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS

Delete template?

Save as template ?

evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS evsjv‡`k Dbœq b mgx¶v - BIDS